Documente Academic
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OF
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
INDEX
T. THOWSEEF AHAMMED
1. Transformers 2
2. Circuit Breakers 7
3. Relays 8
4. Lightning Arrestor 9
5. UPS 9
6. Batteries 12
7. Fire System 13
8. Water Treatment Plant 15
9. Diesel Engine 17
10. RMU Yard 26
11. Chiller system 27
12. Lift Maintenance 31
13. LT Panel Maintenance 32
14. Cables 32
15. Abbreviations 33
TRANSFORMERS
Types of transformers
According to construction
1. Oil type 2. Dry type
According to phase
1. Single phase 2. Three phase
According to type
1. Shell type 2. Core type 3.Berry type
(1&2 used at distribution side)
(3 is used at generating stations)
According to voltage
1. Step down (used at distribution side)
2. Step up (used at generating stations)
➢ Winding
➢ Core
➢ Body
➢ Oil
➢ On load tap changer
➢ Winding temperature meter
➢ Oil temperature meter
➢ Terminals
➢ Breather
➢ Buccholz relay
➢ Conservator
➢ Cooling system
OLTC (on load tap changer): It is used to change the tap position
of the transformer on load condition depends on output voltage, it is located at
the primary side of the transformer because cable size depends on the current at
secondary side high current and at primary side low current is available that’s y
OLTC is located at primary side.
Delta connection:
IL = √3 Iph VL = Vph
Star connection:
VL = √3 Vph IL = Iph
➢ AC motor failure
➢ Surge relay trip
➢ Buccholz relay alarm
➢ Buccholz relay trip
➢ Winding temperature high alarm
➢ Winding temperature high trip
➢ Low oil level
Copper losses
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Circuit breaker (CB):
1. Oil CB
A) MOCB (minimum oil CB) b) Bulk oil CB
2. VCB (Vaccum CB)
3. SF6 CB (Sulphur hexa fluoride CB)
➢ Ground fault
Relays
Relay:
It is a sensing device which sense the fault and gives the command to
the circuit breaker to trip the circuit.
Types of relays:
➢ Differential relay
Lightning Arrestor
Lightning Arrestor:
➢ Expulsion type
1. Converter or Rectifier
2. Inverter
3. Battery
Types of UPS:
1. Online UPS – Continuous power supply
➢ Charging card
➢ Drive card
➢ Choke
➢ Rectifier
Phase reversed
Over load
BATTERIES
Maintenance of batteries:
T. THOWSEEF AHAMMED Page 12
➢ Refill the battery with good quality of distilled water
➢ Maintain the petroleum jelly at the terminals of the batteries at least once
in a month
➢ If acid spills wash with soap water
➢ Healthy:- 1.24
➢ Fault:- 1.22
➢ Dead:- 1.18
Generally LEAD acid type batteries are using for DG’s because it has high
electrical resistance and mechanical strength.
FIRE System
FIRE: (Find Inform Rescue Extinguish)
Types of fire:
➢ Type A : Solid fire like wood, paper, plastic etc
➢ Hydrant key
➢ Couplings
➢ Lugs
Types of detectors:
This detector will gets activate at 88 Fahren heat
➢ Heat detector
➢ Red bulb
➢ Yellow bulb (It is used at where the heat is more like in DG room’s,
kitchen rooms etc)
Types of sprinklers:
➢ Bended type
➢ Up bended type
If these two tanks are made up of Iron then that plant is called M.S
plant.
If these two tanks are made up of Fiber then that plant is called F.R.P
plant.
1. Sand water filter is used to remove the dust particles from the water.
It consists of the following parts
➢ Core silex (stones)
➢ Sand plants
➢ Fine silex
➢ Rexin
➢ Core silex
➢ Rexin
❖ To reduce the hardness of the water we are using the salt injection
to the softener tank.
❖ Back wash is done for the sand water filter to remove the waste
particles from this tank
3. Hydroneumatic pump
4. Dozing pump
5. Dewater pump
These pumps are used to fill the treated water tank after decreasing the
hardness of the water
3. Hydroneumatic pump:
These pumps collect the water from treated water tank and build up the
pressure with the help of the air pressure tank and supplies for usage. It
consists the NRV (Non Return Valve) at the output of the pump. The
function of NRV is it blocks the returning water from the pipes when pump
is in OFF condition.
4. Dozing pump:
Its function is to add the chlorine to the treated water. This pump is
connected after the softener tank. Function of chlorine is to reduce organisms
in the water.
5. Dewater pump:
It used to through out the water which collected from both the tanks
after the salt injection and back wash.
PARTS OF DG
➢ Alternator
➢ Engine
➢ Radiator
➢ Batteries
➢ Self Starter
➢ Priming pump
➢ Dynamo
➢ Turbo charger
➢ Fuel filter
➢ Lube oil filter
➢ Bypass filter
➢ Cylencer
➢ Air filter
➢ Breather
➢ Radiator fan
➢ Terminal box
➢ Pressure temperature pump
➢ Thermostat
➢ EFC
➢ Actuator
➢ Magnetic pick up unit
➢ Automatic voltage regulator
➢ Water pump
➢ Water separator
➢ Coolant level indicator
➢ Vacuum indicator
Engine:-
It is a device which generates the mechanical energy.
Radiator:-
It consists of water with mixture of coolant which circulates the water
to engine which absorb the heat generated from the engine. The PH value of
coolant is below 9 ppm.
Batteries:-
It is used to start the engine. It gives dc supply to self starter. Its
voltage range is between 24v to 27v. When D.G is stop mode the batteries
are charged by E.B (Electricity Board) supply. When D.G is on running
condition the batteries are charged by dynamo. Generally Lead Acid Cell
batteries are more preferable because it has high electrical resistance and
mechanical strength.
Self starter:-
It is used to supply the starting torque to the engine. The minimum
speed of the starter is 200 rpm below which the engine fails to start.
Priming pump:-
It is an oil circulating pump which is used to circulate the oil from oil
tank to all parts of engine which is located at the bottom of the engine.
Dynamo:-
It is rotating device which converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy (DC supply). This DC supply is used to charge the batteries.
Turbo charger:-
T. THOWSEEF AHAMMED Page 19
It is a multi function rotating device, which sucks the air from outside
through the air filter and supplies this forced air to engine for combustion
process. Its another function is to collect smoke which is generated in the
engine and send it out through chimneys. Its rotating speed is greater than
1,00,000 rpm.
Fuel filter:-
Its function is to filter the fuel.
Bypass filter:-
Its function is to filter the engine oil which is circulating from all
engine parts to oil tank.
Cylencer:-
Its function is to reduce the sound which is generated from the smoke
and to send it out trough chimmeney.
Air filter:-
Its function is to filter air which collected from outside.
Breather:-
Radiator fan:-
Its function is to absorb the heat which is generated by the engine and
send it outside through the radiator.
Thermostat:-
It is a coil which is connected to heat exchanger tank to sense the
temperature of water. If water temperature reaches 92ºC then DG gets
tripped.
Actuator:-
It consists a valve which gives the amount of fuel depending on speed.
It works with help of PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) technique. This PWM
signal is coming from ECP (Electronic Control Panel).
Water pump:-
It is water circulating pump, which circulates the water from radiator
to engine.
Water separator:-
It is used to find out the coolant level in the radiator. It is also called
coolant glass indicator.
Vacuum indicator:-
It is used to find out amount dust particles in the air filter.
2. B check
3. C check
4. D check
6. oil pressure
7. fuel pressure
8. water temperature
➢ Thermostat
Types of Synchronizing:
If these conditions are not gets equal then the DG may not get the
synchronize
RMU Yard
RMU Yard:
RMU stands for ring main unit. It consists different equipments in this
yard are given below
Metering cubicle:
➢ Insulator damage
➢ PT damage
➢ CT damage
➢ Spout kit damage
CHILLER SYSTEM
Air Conditioner:
Types of Chillers:
➢ Compressor
➢ Condenser coil
➢ Fan
➢ Evaporator coil
➢ Air filters
➢ AHU
➢ Expansion valve
➢ Primary pump
➢ Secondary pump
Compressor:
It is a heart of the system it consists a pump which circulates the
refrigerant in a closed loop between the condenser and evaporator. It
increases the pressure of the refrigerant.
Condenser coil:
It consists tubes filled with refrigerant that removes the heat from
heated gas refrigerant and converts the refrigerant in to liquid form.
Fan:
It pulls out the air through the condenser coil for heat disposal.
Evaporator coil:
It consists tubes filled with refrigerant that removes the heat from the
liquid and again this liquid is converting in to vapour form.
Air Filters:
VAV:
VCD:
It stands for volume control damper it is used to vary the air volume
VFD:
VRV:
VRF:
Maintaining of lifts:
➢ Rope testing
➢ Checking ARD (Automatic Rescue device)
➢ Checking FRD (Fire Rescue Device)
When ever supply gets failure then this device gets activated and the
lift comes to nearest floor and door may get open.
When ever any fire will occurred in the lift then this device gets
activated and the lift comes to ground floor and door may get open.
LT Panel Maintenance
T. THOWSEEF AHAMMED Page 32
1. Checking all indicator lamps
2. Testing individual feeders
3. Observing load current, voltage, power & frequency
4. Maintaining distribution boards in good condition
5. Removing any unwanted materials near electrical system
6. Check all terminals & MCBs of abnormal heating / loose
connection
7. Checking ELCB condition mode
8. Maintaining a log book for LT panel
CABELS
1. Low tension cable (LT) using up to 1kv
2. High tension (HT) cable using up to 11kv
3. Super tension (ST) cable using up to 33kv
4. Extra high tension (EHT) cable using up to 66kv
5. Oil filled & gas pressure cable using up to 132kv
ABBREVIATIONS