397

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

Allan Nevins and Henry Steele Commager (1951), “A Pocket History of United States”

(New York: Pocket Books).

Ambedkar, B.R. (1945), “What Congress and Gandhi Have Done to the Untouchables”,

in Vasant Moon (ed.) Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches, vol. 10.

Bombay: Government of Maharashtra, pp.90-3.

Anand C.L. (1987), “Equality Justice and Reverse Discrimination”, Mittal Publications,

Delhi.

Andrew Hacker (1992), “Two Nations: Black and White, Separate, Hostile, Unequal

Ballantine Books .

Arjun Dev (1986), “History of civilization”, National Council of Educational Research &

Training, NCERT, New Delhi.

Balgopal K. (2009), “Justice for Dalits among Dalits: All the Ghosts Resurface”, in

Yagati Chinna Rao(ed.), Dividing Dalits, Rawat Publications, Jaipur.

Barnabas A.P. and Subhash C. Mehta (1965),”Caste in Changing India”, The Indian

Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi, India.

Basu D.D. (1997), “Shorter Constitution of India”, Wadhawa Publishers, Nagpur.

Bernard Schwartz (1976), “American Constitutional Law”, Edition 2, Oceana

Publications.

Bowen, William G. and Derek Bok (1998), “The Shape of the River: Long-Term

Consequences of Considering Race in College and University Admissions”.

Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

 398

Brounaugh R (ed) (1978), "Authority, Equality, Adjudication, Privacy" in Philosophical

Law Vol.II, Greenwood Press, London.

Buhler G. (1969), "Manu: The Laws of Manu" in Sacred Books of the East, Volume 25

(translated) Dover, New York.

Conrad, C.A. (1995). “The Economic Cost of Affirmative Action”, in Darity, W.A.Jr., J.

Dietrich and D.K.Guilkey (1997): “Racial and Ethnic Inequality in the United

States: A Secular Perspective”, American Economic Review, Papers and

Proceedings, vol.87(2), pp.301-5..

Desai, A. and E. Desai (1988), ‘India’ in G Edgren (ed.) The Growing Sector: Studies of

Public Sector Employment in Asia New Delhi: ILO/ARTEP, p.71.

Deshpande,A. and William Darity, Jr. (2003): “Introduction” in Darity, William Jr. and

Ashwini Deshpande (eds.): “Boundaries of Clan and Color: Transnational

comparisons of inter group disparity”, Routledge, London.

Doniger W (1991), “The Laws of Manu”, (translated by Smith KB), Penguin Books:

London.

Dumont L. (1966), “Homo hierarchies”, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Fischer S. (1996) "Affirming Equal Opportunities for White Males", People Dynamics,

pp.30-34.

Galanter M. (1984), “Competing Inequalities: Law and the Backward Classes In India”,

University of California Press, California.

Galanter, Marc (1991): “Competing Equalities: Law and the Backward Classes in India”,

Oxford University Press, New Delhi.

 399

Gregory DeFreitas (1991), “Inequality at Work: Hispanics in the U.S. Labor Forces”,

Chapter 4, New York: Oxford University Press.

Guhan, S. (2001): “Comprehending Equalities” reprinted in S. Subramanian (ed.)

“India’s Development Experience”, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.

Jaising I. (2000), ‘Gender Justice and the Supreme Court’, in B Kirpal and others (eds.),

Supreme but not Infallible (New Delhi: OUP), p.293.

Jawahar Lal Nehru (1989), “Glimpses of World History” Oxford University press, New

Delhi.

Krishna, Sankaran (1994), “Constitutionalism, Democracy and Political Culture in

India,” pp. 161-83 in Daniel P. Franklin and Michael J. Baun, eds. Political

Culture and Constitutionalism. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Lamb B. (1970), “India: World in Transition”, Praeger, New York.

Lambert, Richard D. (1963), “Workers, Factories and Social Change in India”, Princeton,

NJ: Princeton University Press.

Lynch, Owen M. 1969. The politics of untouchability. social mobility and social change

in a city of India. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Mason and Beany (1978), “”American Constitutional Law”, Prentice Hall Inc Englewood

Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.

McGowan, Miranda Oshige (1996), “Diversity of What?,” in Representations 55 (Special

Issue: Race and Representation: Affirmative Action), pp.129-38.

Mendelsohn, O and M Vicziany (1998), “The Untouchables – Subordination, Poverty and

the State in Modern India”, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.212-8.

 400

Morris, David (1965), “The emergence of an industrial labor force in India – A study of

the Bombay Cotton Mills, 1854-1947”, Berkeley/Los Angeles, CA: University of

California Press.

Noe, R.A., Hollenbeck, J.R., Gerhart, B. and Wright, P.M. (2003), “Human Resource

Management: Gaining Competitive Advantage” (4th Ed.). NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Orfield, Gary and Michael Kurlaender (eds.) (2001), “Diversity Challenged: Evidence on

the Impact of Affirmative Action”, Cambridge: Harvard Educational Publishing

Group.

Parmanand Singh (1985), “Equality, Reservations and Discrimination in India”, Deep

and Deep Publications, New Delhi.

Richard Nixon (1978), “RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon” 437 (Grosset and Dunlap).

Rosenfeld, Michael (1991), “Affirmative Action and Justice: A Philosophical and

Constitutional Inquiry”, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, p.652.

Sharma B.A.V. and Reddy K.M. (eds) (1982), “Reservation Policy in India”, Light and

Life, New Delhi.

Shaw, W.H. and Barry, V. (2004), “Moral Issues in Business”, (9th Ed.), Belmont:

Wadworth.

Shourie A. (1992), “The State as Charade: V.P. Singh, Chandra Shekhar and the rest”.

New Delhi: ASA Publications, pp.127-179.

Sowell, Thomas, (1990), “Preferential Policies: An International Perspective”, New

York: William Morrow and Co., p.52.

Vidyaratna Swami Nair (1977), “History of America”, Prakashan Kendra, Aminabad,

Lucknow.
 401

Weisskopf, T.E. (2004): “Affirmative Action in the United States and India: A

Comparative Perspective”, Routledge, London.

Research Articles

Allen, Walter R. and Daniel Solórzano (2001), “Affirmative Action, Educational Equity,

and Campus Racial Climate: A Case Study of the Univ. of Mich. Law

School”, Berkeley La Raza Law Journal, vol.12, pp.237-363.

Andrews Y. (1992), "Affirmative Action: A Suspected Equaliser?", SAIPA: Journal of

Public Administration, pp.34-43.

Ankit Kumar, Tushar Patnaik, Vivek Kr Verma (2012), „Discrimination of English to

other Indian languages (Kannada and Hindi) for OCR system”, International

Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.2,

No.2.

Aruna Singh (2010), “A comment on the recommendations of the Mandal commission”,

PUCL Bulletin, August 1984 at 09 February 2010.

Banerjee, B. and J.B. Knight (1985), ‘Caste in Indian urban labor market’, Journal of

Development Economics, vol.17, pp.277-307.

Bhagwan Das (2000), “Moments in a History of Reservations”. Economic and Political

Weekly, 35(43/44):WS31–WS34.

Black,D.A. (1995), “Discrimination in an Equilibrium Search Model”, Journal of Labour

Economics, vol.13, (2), pp.309-34.

Brest, Paul and Miranda Oshige (1995), “Affirmative Action For Whom?”, Stanford Law

Review, vo.47, pp.855-900.

 402

Cunningham C.D. (1997), "Race, Class Caste? Rethinking Affirmative Action",

Michigan Law Review, pp.1296-1310.

Dansby, Ike (1996), “Affirmative Action, or Reverse Discrimination?”, Journal of

Intergroup Relations, vol.24, No.3, pp.37-48.

Dantwala, ML (1985), “Garibi Hatao: Strategy Options” 20(11) Economic and Political

Weekly, p.475.

Darity,W.A.Jr., J.Dietrich and D.K.Guilkey (1997), “Racial and Ethnic Inequality in the

United States: A Secular Perspective”, American Economic Review, Papers and

Proceedings, vol.87, No.2, pp.301-05.

Darity,W.A.Jr., J.Dietrich and D.K.Guilkey (2001), “Persistent Advantage or

Disadvantage? Evidence in Support of the Intergenerational Drag Hypothesis”,

American Journal of Economics and Sociology, vol.60, No.2, pp.4350-70.

Deane T (2009), “A commentary on the positive discrimination policy of India”,

Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad (PER), vol.12, No.1.,

Deane T. (2009), “A Commentary on the Positive Discrimination Policy of India”,

P.E.R., Vol.1, PP.28-52, ISSN 1727-3781.

Deo, Meera (2006), "Affirmative Action Rationales & Outcomes: A Comparative

Analysis of the United States & India", Paper presented at the annual meeting of

the American Sociological Association, Montreal Convention Center, Montreal,

Quebec, Canada, held on Aug 10, 2006.

Deshpande, Ashwini (2001), “Caste at Birth? Redefining disparity in India”, Review of

Development Economics, Vol.5, No.1, pp.130-144.

 403

Dinkar Sakrikar (2010), “The Mandal Commission Report”, PUCL Bulletin, August

1994 at 09 February 2010.

Evan Osborne (2001). “Culture, Development, and Government: Reservations in India”.

Economic Development and Cultural Change, vol.49(3), pp.659–685.

Fish, Stanley (2000), “The Nifty Nine Arguments against Affirmative Action in Higher

Education,” The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, vol.27, pp.80.

Gavai, RS (1981), “The Caste War Over Reservations: A Case Before the People’s Bar

Bombay: Maharashtrian State Republican Party”, p.17.

George Akerlof. The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales

Author ( s ): George Akerlof Source : The Quarterly Journal of Economics , Vol .

90 , No . 4 ( Nov ., 1976 ), pp . 599-617 Published by : The MIT Press Stable

URL : http://www.jstor.org/sta. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 90(4):599–

617, 1976.

Germov, John (1995), “Equality before the law: The limits of legal aid and the cost of

social justice”, Australian Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 30, Issue 2, p.162.

Heckman, J. (1998), “Detecting Discrimination”, Journal of Economic Perspectives,

vol.12, No.2, pp.101-16.

Hiroshi Fukurai (2013), “Social De-Construction of Race and Affirmative Action in Jury

Selection”, Berkeley Journal of African-American Law & Policy, Vol.4, Issue 1

Article 2, pp.17-58.

Hoff Karla and Priyanka Pande (2004), “Belief Systems and Durable Inequalities: An

experimental investigation of Indian Caste”, World Bank Working Paper.

 404

Jasmine Rao (2010), “The Caste System: Effects on Poverty in India, Nepal and Sri

Lanka”, Global Majority E-Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 97-106.

Jha G. M., Trehan S., Rao G., Vishwanath B., Sarin R. and Monga A. (2013), “Mandal

Commission: Equality and Liberty”, International Research Journal of Social

Sciences, Vol. 2(6), pp.35-38.

John Harriss (1979), “Why Poor People Stay Poor in Rural South India”, Social Scientist,

vol.8(1), p.20.

John hart Ely (1974), “The Constitutionality of Reverse racial Discrimination”, Ch Law

Review 723

Jorgensen, K. (2012). “Equal protection under the law: Do female justices have a

difference voice?”, Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research, 2, pp.28–35.

Judith Heyer and Niraja Gopal Jayal (2009), “The Challenge of Positive Discrimination

in India”, CRISE WORKING PAPER No. 55, Centre for Research on Inequality,

Human Security and Ethnicity, Queen Elizebeth House, University of Oxford,

Mansfield Road, OX1 3TB, UK.

Karthik Nagarajan (2009), “Compensatory Discrimination in India Sixty Years After

Independence: A Vehicle of Progress or a Tool of Partisan Politics?”, Washington

and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice, Vol.15, Iss:2, Article 6,

pp.483.517.

Khaitan T. (2008), ‘Transcending Reservations: A Paradigm Shift in the Debate on

Equality’, Economic and Political Weekly, 20th August.

Lakshmi Kanth, B., Venkatesh Keri, and Kishore S. Prahallad (2011), “Durational

Characteristics of Indian Phonemes for Language Discrimination”, Information

 405

Systems for Indian Languages Communications in Computer and Information

Science Vol. 139, pp.130-135.

Lamb, Charles M. (1981), “Legal Foundations of Civil Rights and Pluralism in America,”

Annals of the American Academy of Political & Social Sciences, vol. 454, pp.13-

25.

Lamb, Charles M. (1981), “Legal Foundations of Civil Rights and Pluralism in America,”

in Annals of the American Academy of Political & Social Sciences, vol.454,

pp.13-25.

Lempert, Richard, David Chambers and Terry Adams (2000), “Michigan’s Minority

Graduates in Practice: The River Runs Through Law School,” 25 Law & Social

Inquiry 395.

Leonard, Jonathan S. (1984), “Anti-Discrimination of Reverse Discrimination: The

Impact of Changing Demographics, Title VII and Affirmative Action on

Productivity,” Journal of Human Resources, Vol.19, pp.145-174.

Loury,G.C. (1998), “Discrimination in the post-Civil Rights Era: Beyond Market

Interactions”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.12, No.2, pp.117-26.

Malik, S. (1979), “Social Integration of Scheduled Castes”, New Delhi: Abhinav, p. 86.

Maruyama, Geoffrey and José F. Moreno (2000), “University Faculty Views About the

Value of Diversity on Campus and in the Classroom,” in Does Diversity Make a

Difference? Three Research Studies on Diversity in College Classrooms.

American Council on Education & American Association of University

Professors.
 406

McGowan, Miranda Oshige (1996). “Diversity of What?,” in Representations 55 (Special

Issue: Race and Representation: Affirmative Action), pp.129-38.

Mitchell G. (1993), "Much Affirmative Talk (and little action)", Productivity SA, pp.28-

30.

Pandit, Sameer (2007), "Affirmative Action in India: An Analysis through Rawlsian

Theories and Thoughts for the Future", Paper presented at the annual meeting of

The Law and Society Association, TBA, Berlin, Germany held on Jul 25, 2007.

Pradhan M Prasad (1980), "Rising Middle Peasantry in North India", Economic and

Political Weekly. Annual Number.

Rankhumise, E., & Netswera, F.G. (2010). “Identifying the barriers to affirmative action

training: Perceptions of affirmative action appointees in Mpumalanga public

hospitals”. SA Journal of Human Resource Management / SA Tydskrif vir

Menslikehulpbronbestuur, 8(1), Art. #222, 6 pages.

Rath, N (1985), “Garibi Hatao: Can IRDP Do It?”, 20(6) Economic and Political Weekly

238.

Robert J Willey (1978), “A case for Preferential Admission”, Howard Law Journal, 175.

Robert O’Niel (1976), “Discriminating against discrimination and Zimmy Beyond

Defunis: Disproportionate impact analysis and madated preference in law school

admissions”, 54 NCL Review 317.

Robert Wood, Mary Corcoran and Paul Courant (1993), "Pay Differentials among the

Highly Paid: The Male-Female Earnings Gap in Lawyer's Salaries," Journal of

Labor Economics.
 407

Sachs A. (1992), "Affirmative Action and Good Government: A fresh look at

constitutional mechanisms for re-distribution in South Africa", Alistair Berkeley

Memorial Lecture 14-15 November 1991, Cape Town.

Seenarine M. (1996), "Dalit Women: Victims or Beneficiaries of Affirmative Action

Policies in India: A Case Study", A paper presented at a brown bag lecture held at

the Southern Asian Institute, Columbia University on 10th April, 1996.

Sonalde Desai and Veena Kulkarni (2008), “Changing Educational Inequalities in India

in the Context of Affirmative Action”, Demography, vol.45 (2), pp.245-270.

Soni, Vidu. (1999), “Morality vs. mandate: Affirmative action in employment”, Public

Personnel Management, Winter 1999, Vol. 28 (4), pp.577-598.

Steven Ian Wilkinson (2000), “India, Consociational Theory and Ethnic Violence – Asian

Survey”. Vol. XL, No.5, pp.774-775.

Tierney, William G. (1997). “The Parameters of Affirmative Action: Equity and Excellence

in the Academy,” Review of Educational Research, vol.67(2), pp.165-96.

Tummala, Krishna K. (1999), “Policy of Preference: Lessons from India, the United

States, and South Africa”, Public Administration Review, vol.59, pp.495-508.

Upadhyaya M.L. (1974), "Legal Aspects of Equality of Educational Opportunities in

India", 3 JBCI, pp.133-141.

Volokh Alexander (1996), “Quotas in India Have Yet to Create Harmony”, Los Angeles

Daily Journal, November 5, 1996, volokh.com/sasha/quotas.html.

Zahra Siddique (2008), “Caste Based Discrimination: Evidence and Policy”, zur Zukunft

der Arbeit (IZA) Institute for the Study of Labor, Discussion Paper No. 3737, IZA,

P.O. Box 7240, 53072 Bonn, Germany.

 408

Theses & Dissertation

Anup Surendranath (2009), ‘Sub-Classification of Scheduled Castes before the Indian

Supreme Court: The Case for a More Inclusive Approach’, M. Phil. thesis, Oxford

University.

David Neumark, et. al. (1995), “Sex Discrimination in Restaurant Hiring: An Audit

Study”, Working Paper No. 5024, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

Gabriel Patrick Wasson (2004), “Affirmative Action: Equality or Reverse

Discrimination?”, A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

graduation in the Honors Program, Liberty University.

Michael D. Barker (2010), “The Effect Of Reservations On Caste Persistence In India”,

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Georgetown Public Policy Institute of

Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Master of Public Policy, Washington DC.

Michael D. Barker (2010), “The Effect of Reservations on Caste Persistence in India”, A

thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Georgetown Public Policy Institute of

Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Master of Public Policy, Washington, DC.

Tabitha Wangare (2009), “Affirmative Action: A Kenyan Case”, The perception of

affirmative action in Eldoret Municipality, Master's Thesis.

Seminars/Conference Reports

"Good for Business: Making Full Use of the Nation's Human Capital", A Fact-Finding

Report of the Federal Glass Ceiling Commission, March 1995.

 409

99 Supreme Court Report 2721 (1979), For an analysis of Weber case se O.N Fiss “The

Supreme court 1978 term: A foreword 93 Harvard Law Review (1979) and

Ronald Dworkin’s How to read civil Rights Act, in Taking Rights Seriously,

Harvard University Press, 1997.

B.P. Mandal. The Mandal Commission Report, 1980.

Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, "Income, Poverty and Valuation of

Noncash Benefits 1993."

Constituent Assembly Debates (CAD) VIII, (1947-9) 12 vols. New Delhi.

Federal Glass Ceiling Commission, Good for Business: Making Full Use of the Nation's

Human Capital (March 1995).

Government of Great Britain (1932) Indian Round Table Conference (Second Session) 7

September 1931-December 1931, Proceedings of Minorities Committee. London:

HMSO.

Government of Mysore (1919) Report of the Committee Appointed to Consider Steps

Necessary for the Adequate Representation of Communities in the Public Service

(Miller Committee Report)

National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics 1994, NCES 94-

115.

Neumark, David and Roy Blank and Kyle Van Nort, 1995, "Sex Discrimination in

Restaurant Hiring: An Audit Study," NBER Working Paper No. 5024.

Report of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Fourth

Report: 1996-1997 and 1997-1998, Volume I.

 410

Reports of the Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. (RCSCT),

(1951-87), p.16.

Statistics in this paragraph are drawn from the RCSCST, 1973-74: 147; 1971-72: 110;

1979-81: 66; 1986-87: 491, 499, 502.

U.S. Bureau of the Census, Characteristics of the Black Population (1995).

U.S. Bureau of the Census, The Black Population in the United States: March 1994 and

1993 (1995).

AIR Reports

AIR 1993 SC 1126.

AIR (1996) 1 SCC 361.

(1886) 118 U. S. 3S6, 369.

(1885) 113 U.S. 27, 31.

(1888) 127 U.S. 678, 687.

(1948) 335 U. S. 464.

(1887) 96 U. S. 97, 105.

(1890) 134 U. S. 232, 237.

(1938) 52 STAT. 809, 813.

(1942) 316 U. S. 535.

(1927) 274 U. S. 200.

(1942) 316 U. S. 541.

AIR (1968) S.C. 507.

AIR (1968) S.C. at 513.

 411

AIR (1964) Mys. 132 at 136.

A.I.R. 1963. S.C. 649 at 661.

A.I.R. 1976 S.C. 490.

339 US 629 (1950).

347 US 483 (1954)

163 US 573 (1896).

163 US 537 (1896).

347 US 483 (1954).

Newspapers

Venkatesan V. (2010), “Petitioners were wrong in history”, Interview with P.S. Krishnan,

former Secretary, Ministry of Welfare, Frontline, Volume 24 - Issue 07 :: Apr. 07-

20, 2007 at 09 February 2010.

The Hindustan Times, Aug. 20, 1983 at p.5,

The Hlndustan Times Sept. 3, 1990.

Price, Richard. April 9, 1997. “Preference Ban Upheld in California,” USA Today.

Govind Narain former Defence Secretary, Times of India, Oct. 5, 1990.

Hutt Scott, Katherine. July 15, 2003. “Four States Weigh Return to Affirmative

Action”, USA Today.

Case Laws

Sukhnandan Thakur v State of Bihar (1957) AIR 617 (Pat).

Surendra Kumar v State (1969) AIR 182 (Raj).

 412

Ramachandra v State of Madhya Pradesh (1961) AIR 247 (Madh Pra).

Devadasen v Union of India (1964) AIR 179 (SC).

Savitri v KK Bose (1971) AIR 1974 (HP)

Padmaraj Samendra v State (1979) AIR 266 (Pat)

Raghunath Rao v Union of India (AIR 1993 SC 1267) at para. 185.

P.Raghunandha Rao v. State of Orissa, AIR 1955 Orissa 1131.

M.B.Namani v. Dy.Custodian of Evacuee Property, AIR 1951 Mad. 930.

AIR 1954 SC 321, Sowmithri Vishnu v. Union of India, AIR 1985 SC 1617;

Revathi v. Union of India, AIR 1988 SC 835.

Anjali Roy v. State of West Bengal, AIR 1952 Cal. 825.

Devadasan v. Union of India [AIR 1964 SC 179]

State of Madras v. Champakam Dorairajan [AIR 1951 SC 226]

People’s Union for Democratic Rights vs. Union of India, AIR 1982 SC 1473.

Lovelace v. Canada, 155 U.N.T.S. 331.

Bachtel v. Wilson (1907) 204 U. S. 36, 41.

Hayes v. Missouri (1887) 120 U.S. 68, 71.

Home Insurance Co. v. New York (1890) 134 U.S. 594, 606.

Holden v. James (1814) 11 Mass. 396.

Vanzant v. Waddel (Tenn. 1829) 2 Yerger 260, 270.

Tigner v. Texas (1940) 310 U. S. 141, 147.

Pacific Express Co. v. Seibert (1892) 142 U. S. 339, 354: "In the nature of things ... they

belong to different classes."

 413

Gulf, Colorado & S. F. Ry. v. Ellis (1897) 165 U. S. 1S0, 156, which quotes with

approval a state court decision.

Debrill v. Morris' Heirs (Tenn. 1891) 15 S.W. 87, 95, saying, " ...if it (a statute] attempts

to create distinctions and classifications between citizens of this State, the basis of

such classification must be natural and not arbitrary."

Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v. May (1904) 194 U.S. 267, 270.

Keokee Coke Co. v. Taylor (1914) 234 U. S. 224, 227.

Buck v. Bell (1927) 274 U. S. 200, 203.

Hirabayashi v. United States (1043) 320 U.S. 81.

Edwards v. California (1941) 314 U.S. 160, 184.

Kotch v. Pilot Comm'rs. (1947) 330 U.S. 552, 565.

Korematsu v. United States (1944) 323 U. S. 214, 216.

Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) 118 U.S. 356.

Takahashi v. Fish & Game Com'n. (1948) 334 U.S. 410.

Perez v. Sharp (1948) 32 Ca]. (2d) 711, 198 P. (2d) 17.

(1915) 239 U.S. 33, 41.

Korematsu v. United States (1944) 323 U. S. 216.

Takahashi v. Fish & Game Com'n. (1948) 334 U.S. 420.

Kotch v. Pilot Comm'rs. (1947) 330 U.S. 556.

Korematsu v. United States (1944) 323 U. S. 223.

Oyama v. California (1948) 332 U.S. 633, 650.

Missouri, K. & T. Ry. Co. v. May (1903) 194 U.S. 267, 269.

Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) 334 U. S. 1;

 414

Hurd v. Hodge (1948) 334 U. S. 24,

Reagon v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. (1894) 154 U. S. 362, 399,

Mr. Justice Hughes, in Truax v. Rakh, (1915) 239 U. S. 33, 41.

Buchanan v. Warley (1917) 245 U. S. 60.

Harmon v. Tyler (1927) 273 U. S. 668.

City of Richmond v. Deans (1930) 281 U. S. 704.

Hurd v. Hodge, 29.

Shelley v. Kraemer, 21.

Hurd v. Hodge, supra note 49.

Hirabayashi v. United States (1943) 320 U.S. 81, 100.

Korematsu v. United States (1944) 323 U.S. 214.

Petrillo v. United States (1947) 332 U.S. 1.

Hurd v. Hodge, 35.

Edwards v. California (1941) 314 U. S. 160.

Nashville, C. & St. L. Ry. v. Browning (1940) 310 U.S. 362, 368.

Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v. May (1903) 194 U.S. 267.

Missouri Pac. Ry. Co. v. Humes (1885) 115 U.S. 512.

Atchison, T. & S.F. Ry. v. Matthews (1899) 174 U. S. 96.

Gulf, Colorado & S.F. Ry. v. Ellis (1897) 165 U. S. 150.

Heath & Milligan Co. v. Worst (19D7) 207 U.S. 338.

Tigner v. Texas (1940) 310 U.S. 141.

Engel v. O'Malley (1911) 219 U. S. 128.

Rosenthal v. New York (1912) 226 U. S. 260.

 415

Central Lumber Co. v. South Dakota (1912) 226 U. S. 157.

Lindsley v. Natural Carbonic Gas Co. (1911) 220 U. S. 61.

T'Keokee Coke Co. v. Taylor (1914) 234 U.S. 224, 227.

Central Lumber Co. v. South Dakota, (1912) 226 U. S. at 161.

Tigner v. Texas, 148.

Heath & Milligan Co. v. Worst, 354.

Korematsu v. United States (1944) 323 U. S. 214, 223.

Takahashi v. Fish & Game Com'n. (1948) 334 U. S. 410, 418.

Patsone v. Pennsylvania (1914) 232 U.S. 138.

Heim v. McCall (1915) 239 U.S. 175.

Clarke v. Deckebach (1927) 274 U. S. 392, 396.

Missouri v. Holland (1920) 252 U.S. 416, 434.

Takahashi v. Fish & Game Com'n.

Heim v. McCall, 84.

Oyama v. California (1948) 332 U. S. 633, 666.

Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1 (1976).

Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966)

Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965)

Central State University v. American Assoc. of University Professors, 526 U.S. 124, 128

(1999)

Heller v. Doe, 509 U.S. 312, 319-321 (1993)

Railway Express Agency v. New York, 336 U.S. 106 (1949).

Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. Ward, 470 U.S. 869 (1985).

 416

Clark v. Jeter, 486 U.S. 456, 461 (1988).

United States v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515, 533 (1996)

Ramos v. Town of Vernon, 331 F. 3d 315, 321 (2d. Cir. 2003)

United States v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515 (1996) (“the VMI case”).

U.S. v. Carolene Products Co., 304 U.S. 144, 153 (1938).

Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1, 11 (1967).

Nunez v. City of San Diego, 114 F. 3d 935, 946 (9th Cir. 1997).

Korematsu v. U.S. 323 U.S. 214 (1944).

Johnson, Alvin, Party and Ideology in America. YALE Review (1948).

McCo1um v. Board of Education (1948) 333 U.S. 203.

Lindsley v. Natural Carbonic Gas Co. (1911) 220 U. S. 61.

State of Kerala v N M Thomas (1976) 2 SCC 310.

Indra Sawhney v Union of India (1993) AIR 477 (SC).

Mohamed Khan Vs Shah Bano Begum & Ors (1985) (2) SCC 556.

Sarala Mudgal v. Union of India, AIR 1995 SC 153.

Devadasan v. Union of India, A.I.R. 1964 S.C. 179.

Arharan Pillai v. State of Kerala, A.I.R. 1968 Ker. 42 at 47-8.

Riloki Nath Tiku v. State of Jammu and Kashmir, A.I.R. 1967 S.C. 1283 at 1285.

State of Kerala v. N.M. Thomas, A.I.R. 1976 S.C. 490 at 543.

Devadasan v.Union of India, A.I.R. 1964 S.C. 179/

C.A. Rajendran v. Union of India, A.I.R. 1968 S.C. 507.

Periakaruppan v. State of Tamil Nadu, A.I.R. 1971 S.C. 2303 at 2309.

Thomas v. State of Kerala, I.L.R. 1974 (1) Ker. 549 at 556-57.

 417

State of Kerala v. N.M. Thomas, A.I.R. 1976 S.C. 490.

Hall v. Decuir, 95 US 485 (1878) and Slaughter House cases.

Dissenting Judgement of Justice Harlan in Plessey v. Ferguson,

Missouri exrel Gains v. Canada, 305 US 337.

Gaffin v. Maryland, 378 US 130 (1964)

Watson v. Mephis, 373 US 526 (1963)

State Atletic Comm’n v. Dorsay 359 US 533 (1959)

Gayle v. Browder 352 US 903 (1956)

Wright v. Georgia 373 US 284 (1963).

Cooper v. Aaron 358 US (1958).

Plessey v. Ferguson, 163 US 537 (1896).

Yick Wo v. Hopkins 118 US 356.

Bayside fish flour co v. Gentry 297 US 422 (1936)

Patsone v. Pennsylvania 232 US 138

Terrace v. Thompson 263 US 197 (1923)

Takahashi v. Fishgame Commission 334 US 410 (1948).

NAACP v. Allen, 493 F.2d 614, 621 (1974).

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265(1978).

Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education (1986).

Adarand v. Croson (1989).

Metro Broadcasting v. FCC (1990).

Hopwood v. Texas (1996).

Gratz v. Bollinger (2003).

 418

Grutter v. Bollinger (2003).

M. Nagaraj & Ors. Vs. Union of India & Ors. [(2006) 8 SCC 212].

R.K. Sabharwal & Ors Vs. State of Punjab [AIR 1995 SC 1371].

M.R. Balaji, v. S1ate of Mysore, A.I.R. 1963, S.C. 649.

Websites

http://socialjustice.nic.in/sectorsc239.php(viewed on 04/08/2011)

http://www.ambedkar.org/gail/purposeof.htm

http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_Glance/scst.aspx

http://www.civilrights.org/issues/labor/details.cfm?id=27761.

http://www.dol.gov/esa/regs/compliance/ofccp/aa.htm.

http://www.igovernment.in/site/Whither-Maha-Dalit-Commission

http://www.mahadalitmission.org/BMVM-Introduction.php.

http://zeenews.india.com/news/state-news/paswan-for-disbanding-mahadalit-commission

-in-bihar 6177 81.html

www.aanet.org/stmts/racepp.htm.

www.ncbc.nic.in/html/creamylayer.htm