RESEARCH PROPOSAL

ANALYSIS OF TAKING REFERENCE SOURCE AGAINST GIVING

ASSIGNMENTS TO THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITAS
NEGERI MAKASSAR

MUQSITULQADRI SYARIF

1611442001

PROGRAM OF MATHEMATICS EDUCATION

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE OF
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MAKASSAR
2020
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ......................................................................................................... i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... ii

CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY.................................................................................1
A. Background................................................................................................1
C. Research purposes.....................................................................................3
D. Use of Research.........................................................................................4
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................5
A. Reference...................................................................................................5
B. Library.......................................................................................................5
C. Internet......................................................................................................7
D. Assignment Method...................................................................................8
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS..............................................................17
A. Types of research.....................................................................................17
B. Place and time of research.......................................................................17
C. Data source..............................................................................................17
D. Research Instruments...............................................................................17
E. Data collection technique........................................................................18
F. Data Validity Testing Techniques...........................................................19
G. Data analysis technique...........................................................................20
BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................................22

ii
 CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

A. Background

Education is an effort to improve the quality of human resources.

Therefore, the role of education is very important for every nation. This is

supported by the opinion of Law No. 20 of 2003 Chapter II Article 3 which

describes that national education functions to develop capabilities and shape the

character and civilization of a dignified nation in the context of intellectual life of

the nation.

The teacher or instructor in presenting the material does not only focus

on theory, but helps students to interact with various learning resources in gaining

knowledge, expertise, and skills as well as attitudes that lead to behavioral

changes both cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. The teacher helps the

learning process of students by stimulating learning to be active and the teacher or

educator has an important role in developing the interests, talents, creativity, and

learning achievements of students. Through various methods of learning methods

or techniques that are effective and efficient, which create an advanced character

or personality in expressing creative ideas through various methods applied to

students.

Many things are done by teachers to create a method that can see the

level of creativity while being able to measure student learning outcomes in the

learning process in class. As for example assignments, giving assignments done

by teachers is very possible to see the extent to which students 'catch ability after

learning is given to students, as well as these tasks can be used as a reference to

assess students' abilities of the material that has been taught in class.

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Students in completing assignments often require references that are

relevant to the given task, usually students will look for references through the

books they have or through books available in the library. Makassar State

University provides many libraries scattered in every sector of the campus which

aims to meet the needs of students for sources of knowledge that can add insight

and can also assist students in completing assignments in the course and in

completing the final project.

According to the reporting data for 2020/2021 from the PDDikti web

page, Makassar State University Students number 29,693 students. Meanwhile,

according to data from the UNM library web page regarding the average number

of library visits from June 2019 to May 2020 only around 4000 visitors per month,

which means no more than a quarter of the number of Makassar State University

students who visit the library every month. From the above data, the writer can

conclude that the interest of library visits by Makassar State University students is

quite low, the lack of interest in library visits can be caused by many factors, one

of which is the easier access of students to access information they want to know

through the internet.

At the beginning of the development of the use of the internet, not a few

people were of the view that the internet would replace the role of libraries. They

say that we live in an information age, where access to fantastic internet resources

is just a few clicks away. For that reason, they might think that there is no need to

come to the library because they can search online. The reality is not like that, the

internet cannot replace the role of libraries. The internet is the best tool to use in

addition to a variety of traditional sources. We use both because each has its own

resources, benefits and limitations.

The growth of Communication Information Technology (ICT) nowadays

has grown very rapidly. Especially, related to the use of the internet by the public.
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Based on the latest We Are Social report, in 2020 it was stated that there were

175.4 million internet users in Indonesia. Compared to the previous year, there

was an increase of 17% or 25 million internet users in this country. Based on

Indonesia's total population of 272.1 million, this means that 64% of Indonesia's

half of the population has access to cyberspace.

From the discussion above, the author is very interested in conducting

research on "Analysis of Taking Sources of Reference Against Student

Assignment at Makassar State University".

B. Research focus

Based on the above background, the following problems can be

formulated in this study:

1. What causes Makassar State University Students to prefer looking for

references via the internet rather than looking for references from books

in the library?

2. Are there suggestions or input from students for the librarian so that the

quality of the library in the future will be better so that the interest of

library visits by students can increase?

C. Research purposes

The objectives of this research are:

1. To find out why the Makassar State University Students prefer to find

references via the internet rather than looking for references from books

in the library.

2. To find out suggestions or input from students for the librarians so that

the quality of the library in the future is getting better so that the interest

of library visits by students can increase.

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D. Use of Research

The results of this study are expected to be beneficial for various parties

as follows:

1. This research is expected to be one input for teachers so that it can be

used as one of the considerations in giving assignments to their students.

2. For librarians, the results of this study can be used as input for

developing library services and will bring new innovations.

3. For the University, the results of this study can be used as a material

consideration in the framework of developing the quality of the library

as an important tool needed by students.

 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Reference

The term reference comes from English to refer which means to point.

While references according to the Indonesian Language Dictionary are sources,

references, references or instructions. In library science the term reference refers

to a collection that can answer questions posed by library users. For reference

collections, they are usually placed in a separate room called the reference room

and the book is given a special mark "R" or writing Ref, an abbreviation for the

word reference or reference. Reference books are books that can provide

information about a topic, names of people, places, terms, history of famous

people and so on. Reference books are not designed to be read in their entirety but

are only read in certain parts (Umi Kalsum, 2016: 133).

B. Library

According to the Central Library of the Ministry of Education and

Culture, (1989) public libraries are libraries that prioritize services to the general

public, regardless of age, occupation, education, gender, and so on. The public

library has a duty to collect, store and present a collection of library materials to

cursing. The main tasks of public libraries, namely:

1. Public libraries are provided by the government and the community to

serve library materials for the community.

2. Public libraries provide library materials that can foster community

excitement to learn and read as early as possible.

3. Encourage the community to be skilled in choosing reading that suits

their needs in increasing knowledge to support formal, non-formal and

informal education.
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4. Provides a variety of library materials that are useful to read so that they

can improve the standard of living of the people so that they can

participate in national development.

Public libraries have a purpose, namely:

1. Developing interest in reading and utilizing all library materials

available in public libraries.

2. Develop the ability to search, manage and utilize information available

in public libraries.

3. Educate the public so that they can utilize the library effectively and

efficiently.

4. laying the foundations towards independent learning.

5. foster interest in reading and foster community appreciation and

imagination.

6. Develop the ability of the community to solve problems, take

responsibility and actively participate in national development.

With the availability of various types of library material collections, the

public library has the following functions:

1. Educational functions

Public libraries provide various types of reading material in the

form of printed and recorded works to be used as a source of learning

and increase knowledge independently. Independent culture can form a

society that learns for life and likes to read.

2. Informative function

Public libraries are the same as various other types of libraries,

namely providing reference books, popular scientific reading in the form

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of scientific books and magazines as well as other important data needed

by readers.

3. Cultural Function

The public library provides a variety of library materials as a

result of the nation's culture recorded in printed / recorded form. The

library is a place for storing and gathering various human cultures that

can be followed at any time through the collection of library

development.

4. Recreation Function

The public library not only provides scientific literature, but also

collects entertainment literature in the form of fiction books and

entertainment magazines for children, youth and adults. Fiction reading

can add to the experience or foster imagination and are widely loved by

children and adults.

C. Internet

According to Kadir (2003: 444) in the book Introduction to Computer

Networks (Syafrizal: 2005), the internet is a computer network. The network

connects millions of computers spread all over the world, which is interesting

anyone can connect to the network. Meanwhile, according to Supriyanto (2008:

60) in the book Introduction to Computer Networks (Syafrizal: 2005), the internet

is a relationship between various types of computers and networks around the

world that are different from the operating system and its application. This

relationship is used for the advancement of communication technology (telephone

and satellite) that uses a standard protocol in communicating, namely the TCP / IP

protocol.
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Internetformed from computer networks spread all over the world. Each

computer network consists of different types from other computer networks, so

we need a protocol that is able to integrate the entire computer network. A data

sending protocol that does not depend on the type of computer and is used by all

computers to exchange data.

According to Anne Ahira (2011), the use of the internet as a learning

medium is very helpful for academics in learning. The existence of the internet

can have a positive impact and at the same time can have a negative impact on

teens and students. Insights about the characteristics of teenage students in

accessing the internet need to be known by parents and teachers as an effort to

control the use of the internet. The use of the internet as a learning medium is able

to influence students' learning motivation while increasing their creativity. The

ultimate goal is satisfying learning achievement.

D. Assignment Method

1. Definition of Duties

A good educator must understand the teaching methods he does.

Therefore, in teaching and learning interactions, the method plays a very

important role. The method in teaching activities varies greatly, the

selection is adjusted to the teaching objectives to be achieved. A teacher

will not be able to carry out their duties properly if they cannot master

one or several teaching methods. Therefore, in order to achieve teaching

objectives, the selection of methods in teaching must be appropriate.

Thus it is hoped that teaching activities will take place in an efficient and

useful manner.

One of the many learning methods is the assignment method. The

assignment method is a way of presenting learning material in which the

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teacher gives a specific task so that students do learning activities, then

responsible (Djamarah, 2002: 96). According to Roestiyah, the

assignment technique has a goal that students produce more stable

learning outcomes, because students carry out exercises while doing

assignments, so that the experience of students in learning something

becomes more integrated (2012: 132).

Meanwhile Sudjana (2010: 81) revealed that the learning

assignment and recitation methods stimulate children to actively learn

both individually and in groups. Based on some of the opinions above, it

can be revealed that the assignment method is one method with the aim

that students can learn from the tasks given by the teacher. In this study

the tasks given aim to be able to develop students' critical thinking skills

and the end result can also develop the ability to create a thing.

2. Task Classification

Based on the opinion of Gage and Berliner in Moejiono and

Dimyati (1993: 69) tasks can be separated into several types of tasks

which include training assignments, reading assignments, unit

assignments, experimental assignments, practical assignments where

these types of tasks can be made into structured tasks. These tasks can be

seen below which include:

a. Training assignment

The task of training is a task to train students to solve

problems related to the previous discussion where the task has been

delivered. Training assignments are given during class hours or

outside class hours, adjusted to the needs and availability of time.

The assignments given here can be in the form of practice questions

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that can support the understanding of teaching materials provided by

the teacher.

b. The task of reading / studying a particular book

The teacher assigns students individually or as a group to

study a specific topic or subject for themselves. This task guides

students towards the search for learning resources related to the topic

or subject that must be learned. For example, students are given the

task to look for sources of material from an internet or book and

students are encouraged to read and understand the contents of the

material contained on the internet then summarized the core or the

content of material that has been read.

c. The task of reading / studying a particular book

The teacher assigns to students, both individuals or groups to

read and study certain pages or chapters of a book outside of class

time. For this reading assignment, the given assignment adjusts the

lessons delivered according to the chapter of the lesson. When

students are assigned to read the subject matter that will be given at

the next meeting and students are encouraged to summarize the

teaching material. The task is given to students outside of class

hours.

d. Unit / project task

The teacher assigns students based on the unit studied, or

assigns students to complete a project that will produce certain

results. Can be exemplified, students are assigned to make a work

that involves the lessons given. The task of this unit / project will

involve the ability of students in various fields of study.

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e. Experimental studies

Experimentation tasks are a rather specific type of task.

Experiment assignments are only given by the teacher for a particular

topic or subject, that is, a topic / subject that demands

experimentation. Experimental tasks can be used to prove or

determine information. For example from an experimental study

here, students are assigned to be able to compare information they

get and prove it.

f. Practical assignment

Practical tasks are tasks for students to produce something

using physical / motor skills that can be marketed or sold so that

practical tasks can be useful. Practical tasks can also be physical /

motor skills training.

In assigning tasks can be divided into several tasks including exercise

assignments, reading assignments, unit / project assignments, experimental

assignments, practical assignments. All of these tasks have the same goal which is

to improve learning outcomes with variations in the assignment of these tasks.

From the task classification it can be concluded that the types of tasks above can

be used as structured tasks to improve learning outcomes. Where in this study will

be used as a structured task that is the type of exercise assignments that can be

given at class hours or outside class hours.

3. Strengths and Weaknesses of Assignment

The assignment has several advantages and disadvantages

wherein the strengths and weaknesses can be used as a guide for teachers

to be able to develop methods of assigning tasks with different variations

in the implementation of the task.

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According to Syaiful Sagala (2010: 219) the advantages of using

assignments include:

a. Knowledge obtained by students from learning outcomes,

experimental results or the results of many investigations related to

interests or talents that are useful for their lives will be more

pervasive, durable and more authentic.

b. The task can increase the development and courage to take initiative,

be responsible and stand alone.

c. Assignments can be more convincing about what is learned from

teachers, more deepening, enriching, or broadening insights about

what is learned.

d. The task can foster students' habits to find and cultivate their own

information and communication.

e. This method can make students eager in terms of learning done with

a variety of variations so it is not boring.

The assignment of tasks will bring students to be able to better

understand and increase knowledge about the lessons given by the teacher that

students get from learning outcomes, experimental results or the results of

investigations. Assignments given to students by the teacher can be used to

measure the extent of students' knowledge of the lessons that have been delivered.

Knowledge gained from these assignments will make it easier for students to

accept the lessons that have been delivered. This is seen from the more authentic

types of assignments or written on a sheet of paper, by giving assignments in

writing the students will better absorb the lesson and always remember what was

said by the teacher.

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The task can increase the development and courage to take the initiative,

so students will not be confused to decide something and always confident with

their own abilities without the help of others. The task is also to educate students

to be responsible about what is their job.

Assignments can convince students about what is learned given by the

teacher. Where the assignment will be clearer in the delivery is more authentic or

in writing. In addition, the task will further deepen or enrich insights about what is

learned.

In giving assignments students are trained to get used to being able to

find or process information about the lesson, in addition students are accustomed

to communicating with each other between students to add insight in developing

lessons delivered by the teacher.

Learning by using the assignment method will make students more

enthusiastic in terms of learning, which is done using a variety of variations so it

is not boring.

From all of the above mentioned about the advantages of using the

assignment method can be taken an outline of the advantages including the task of

students will have extensive knowledge or insight, can develop the potential of the

students especially develop the courage to take initiative and a sense of

responsibility each students, do not depend on others in completing the task.

Assignments can increase students' learning enthusiasm with variations that are

not boring.

The weaknesses of the assignment revealed by Syaiful Sagala (2010:

219) in learning are:

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1. Often students commit self-deception where they only imitate the work

of others, without experiencing learning events. Have this task done by

others without supervision.

2. If the assignment is too given or simply relinquishes responsibility for

the teacher, if the task is difficult to carry out their mental tension can be

affected.

3. Because if the task is given in general maybe a student will have

difficulty because it is always difficult to complete the task with

individual differences, this weakness is more emphasized on students,

but there are also weaknesses of the teacher.

In completing tasks students often commit self-deception where many

students only rely on others to do the work and only imitate the work of others.

The limitation of teachers in supervising work assignments is one of the

weaknesses of this method, in addition to the sense of responsibility of students to

complete tasks that are still low resulting in suboptimal learning outcomes.

Between teacher and student must have a mutual sense of responsibility

according to the task to be carried out. For students, a sense of responsibility for

completing assignments must be provided with a record of assignments from the

teacher given is not too much and difficult to carry out or simply relinquish the

teacher's responsibility to teach.

Assignments given in general to students without instructions or

direction from the teacher will make students feel difficult. Individual student

differences greatly influence in accepting the intentions of the given task. These

weaknesses are more focused on students. Teachers often blame their students

who do not understand the assignments they are delivering, but this should not be
 15

emphasized to students only. Due to these weaknesses can be derived from

teachers who are not clear in delivering the given task.

An outline of the weakness of assignment can be seen from students who

only imitate the results of the work of others and do not have a sense of

responsibility in each of the students themselves. Giving assignments that are

difficult for students to understand can result in students' mental strain caused by

the assignment of assignments to students by the teacher without any direction at

all.

4. How to Overcome the Shortage of Assignments

Syaiful Sagala (2010: 219-220) explains about several ways to

overcome the weaknesses of assigning tasks, including:

a. Assignments given to students should be clear, so they understand

what needs to be done.

b. Assignments given to students by paying attention to individual

differences.

c. Time to complete the task must be enough.

d. Control or systematic supervision of the tasks given so as to

encourage students to study seriously.

e. Assignments given should consider:

1) Attract the interests and attention of students.

2) Encourage students to look for, experience and convey.

3) The task is practiced and scientific.

4) The lesson material is assigned so that it is taken from things that

are known to students.

Clarity in assignment is very important to cover the lack of assignment

methods, so students will easily understand what they have to do in the

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assignment. The teacher must also pay attention to the ability of each individual to

give assignments to students. This is done to differentiate tasks given to students

between students who have an individual ability above average with students who

have below average abilities, for example for students who have abilities above

the average can be given a task only one time while for students whose abilities

are below the average given twice or repeatedly to be able to understand the

lessons given to the teacher. Completion of tasks must also pay attention to time.

The time given to complete the assignment must be sufficient so that students do

not feel objected to doing it or are burdened. Control or supervision is needed to

know between students who work alone or done by others, with systematic

supervision will encourage students to learn seriously with a sense of

responsibility. Assignments given should consider a number of things including

the task given should attract students' interest and attention. Can encourage

students to find information about the subject matter, can experience daily life and

can convey it to their friends.

The conclusion of how to overcome the weaknesses of the method of giving

tasks is the task given must be clear, who does it, when it is done, and when. The teacher

must also pay attention to the ability of each individual student to determine the

assignment to be given, besides that the time given to do the assignment must be

sufficient. Control and supervision by the teacher is very necessary to encourage students

to learn seriously. Assignments given are taken from things that are known to students or

subject matter that has been delivered by the teacher to students.

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODS

A. Types of research

This type of research used in this research is descriptive research with a

qualitative approach. This approach is used to describe and analyze the taking of

reference sources for the assignment of Makassar State University student

assignments.

B. Place and time of research

The study was conducted at Makassar State University from July 13,

2020 to July 18, 2020.

C. Data source

What is meant by data sources in research are subjects from which data

can be obtained. In this study the authors used two data sources, namely:

1. Primary data sources, i.e. data that are directly collected by researchers

(or their officials) from their first source. The primary data sources in

this study were Makassar State University students.

2. Secondary data sources, namely data directly collected by researchers as

a support from the first source. It can also be said that the data is

arranged in the form of documents. In this study, documentation and

questionnaires are secondary data.

D. Research Instruments

Research instruments according to Suharsimi Arikunto (2006: 149) are

aids for researchers in collecting data. Meanwhile, according to Suharsimi

Arikunto in the previous edition is a tool or facility used by researchers in

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collecting data so that the work is easier and the results are better, in the sense of

being more accurate, complete and systematic, so that it is easy to process.

Sugiyono (2013: 59) said that in qualitative research, the instrument or

research tool was the researcher himself. Researchers have a large role in

controlling and determining the data obtained. Therefore, the main instrument of

research analysis taking reference sources for the assignment of students'

assignments is the researcher himself.

Researchers as instruments need to do validation related to how far

researchers are ready to conduct research to further dive into the field. The

validation of the researcher as an instrument includes validation of the

understanding of qualitative research methods, mastery of insight into the field

under study, the readiness of the researcher to enter the objects to be studied,

namely the analysis of taking reference sources for giving student assignments. In

the research process, researchers use observation guidelines in field observations

in order to obtain supporting data relevant to the research problem. In addition,

researchers used data collection aids in the form of notebooks, interview guides

and other observation tools during the research process.

E. Data collection technique

Data collection techniques using triangulation. According to Sugiyono

(2012) triangulation is defined as a data collection technique that combines

various existing data collection techniques and data sources. Researchers use

observation, interviews and documentation.

1. Observation

Observation is the activity of looking for data that can be used to provide

a conclusion or diagnosis (Aksari, 2015). Observation technique is done

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by observing and recording information directly or indirectly to obtain a

picture of taking a student reference source for assignments

2. Interview

An interview is a meeting of two people to exchange information and

ideas through questions and answers, so that meaning can be constructed

in a hatkcertain. By interviewing the researcher will find out more in

depth about the participants in interpreting situations and phenomena

that occur, where this is notsa found through observation (Sugiyono,

2012).

3. Documentation

The documentation technique is done by viewing or analyzing company

documents (Aksari, 2015). The intended documentation is in the form of

pictures in the process of student assignments.

By using triangulation techniques in data collection, the data obtained

will be more consistent, complete and certain. Triangulation will further enhance

the power of data, when compared to one approach (Sugiyono, 2012).

F. Data Validity Testing Techniques

The validity of the data in a qualitative study is very important. Because

qualitative research must reveal the truth objectively. The data validity checking

technique in this study uses triangulation techniques. The triangulation is a data

validity checking technique that utilizes something other than the data for

checking purposes or as a comparison of that data (Moleong, 2007: 330).

As stated by Sugiyono (2008: 241), there are two types of triangulation

techniques, namely technique or method triangulation and source triangulation.

Engineering triangulation means that researchers use different data collection

 20

techniques to get data from the same source. Whereas source triangulation is to

get data from different sources with the same technique.

Triangulation used by researchers in this study is source triangulation.

With this technique the researcher can recheck his findings by comparing them

with various sources, methods, theories.

Researchers compared the data sources obtained from the Thesis and

Journals relevant to this study, then the data was checked for validity by

comparing again with data that had been found in the field.

G. Data analysis technique

Data analysis of Bogdan and Biklen recruiting in Moleong (2007: 248) is

an effort made by working with data, organizing data, sorting it into manageable

units, synthesizing it, searching and finding patterns, finding what is important

and what is learned. , and decide what can be told to others.

The data analysis technique used in this study uses steps as stated by

Miles and Huberman (in Sugiyono, 2008: 91), namely:

1. Data collection

Data collected begins with observations at the research site. Furthermore,

interviews, observations and documentation were conducted with

research informants. The researcher records all data obtained in the field

notes that contain what was heard, seen, experienced, felt, and findings

about what was encountered during the study. All of which are data

collection materials for the next stage.

2. Data reduction

Data reduction is defined as the process of selecting, focusing on

simplifying and transforming rough data arising from written records in

the field. Reduction is carried out since data collection begins by making
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summaries, coding, tracing themes, creating clusters, writing memos,

and so on with the intention of setting aside irrelevant data / information

until the final report is fully compiled. During the interview, the

researcher made a note. The notes are collected until it is saturated, then

the notes that are considered most relevant are selected.

3. Presentation of data

Presentation of data or data display is the description of a collection of

structured information that gives the possibility of drawing conclusions

and taking action. Presentation of qualitative data is presented in the

form of narrative texts. Presentations can also take the form of matrices,

diagrams, tables, and charts to explain the process that occurs.

4. Drawing conclusions

Conclusion is the final activity of data analysis. Conclusions drawn in

the form of interpretation activities, namely finding the meaning of the

data that has been presented. Between display data and drawing

conclusions there are existing data analysis activities. in this sense

qualitative analysis is an ongoing, repetitive, and ongoing effort. The

problem of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions /

verification becomes a successive picture of success as a series of related

analysis activities.

In processing data researchers provide meaning, interpretation,

arguments on the data that has been collected and look for the meaning of the

explanation to be arranged into certain patterns of relationships that are easily

understood and interpreted. Then the data is linked and compared between one

another so that conclusions can be easily drawn as a true answer to each research

problem.
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