Class 6. Ls No 3 Fibre to Fabric. Sub- Science.

Keywords
1) natural 11) retaining
2) synthetic 12) takli
3) shearing 13) charkha
4) sericulture 14) handloom
5) fluffy 15) terrycot
6) spinning 16) terrywool
7) knitting 17) warp
8) weaving 18) weft
9) expensive 19) polyester

Page no- 26, 27, 28.

Q1 Fill in the blanks.
a) The thin threads that form cloths are called fibres.
b) The two types of fibres are natural and synthetic.
c) Terrycloth is made from cotton.
d) Jute is hundred percent biodegradable.
e) Coir is the fibre we get from the outer covering of the fruit of the cotton palm.
f) Wool is obtained from the hair of sheep, rabbit and deer.
g) The process of removing wool from sheep by using special clippers is called shearing.
h) Wool retains air because it is a fluffy fibre.
i) A silkworm spins silk threads around itself.
j) The rearing of the silkworm to produce silk is called sericulture.

Q2. Why do traditional clothes vary from place to place?

Ans. The kind of clothes people wear, mainly depend on the climate of the place they live
and their lifestyle, hence traditional clothes vary from place to place.
Q3. What are the various uses of jute?
Ans. Jute is used to make sacks that can be used in packaging industries, to make curtains,
chair coverings, carpets and rugs.
Q4. Name any two synthetic fibres.
Ans. The two synthetic fibres are nylon and polyester.
Q5. How is coir made?
Ans. Coir is made from husk of coconuts by soaking them in water. The husk that is
separated from the coconut is beaten to get fibres of coir.
Q6. What did human beings in olden days wear?
 Ans. Human beings in olden days used leaves and skins of animals to cover their body.
They would use needles made of bones and ivory to sew clothes.
Q7 How is wool made from the hair of sheep?
Ans. The wool from the body of sheep is removed by shearing. It is then cleaned and
combed by machines in mills and then separated and spun into fibres. The fibre is then
woven or knitted to make woollen clothes.
Q8. Where was silk first used and made?
Ans. Silk was first used and made in China.
Q9. What was the silk route?
Ans. The trading of silk between Europe and Asia was called the Silk Route because of the
heavy silk trading that took place during that period.
Q10. What is spinning?
Ans. The process of making yarn from fibres is called spinning.
Q11. How is cloth woven?
Ans. A cloth is woven by arranging two sets of yarn together. Looms are used for weaving
a cloth.
Q12. Name any clothes that are made by knitting.
Ans. Sweaters and mufflers are made by knitting.
Match the following.
Column A Answers Column B

a. nylon iii. synthetic fibre i. weaving

b. takli iv. hand spindle ii. warp

c. loom i. weaving iii. synthetic fibre

d. horizontal v. weft iv. hand spindle

e. vertical ii. warp v. weft

Question and Answers below the topic

A. Choose the correct answer. (Tick the answers in the textbook)
1. Australia
2. cotton
3. nylon
4. nylon ( because it is a synthetic fibre).
 5. weaving
6. polyester
7. jute
8. cotton
9. coir

B. Short answers questions.

1.Name the major trade route between Europe and Asia.
Ans. The major trade route between Europe and Asia is called the Silk Route.
2. Name the process used for making yarn.
Ans. Yarn is made by spinning the fibres.
3. Name the machine used for weaving a fabric.
Ans. Loom is used for weaving a fabric.
4. These two are the fibres that can be obtained from plants.
Ans. Jute and cotton can be obtained from plants.
5. Cotton fabrics are mainly worn in which season?
Ans. Cotton fabrics are mainly worn in summer season.
6. The fabric made from this material is known as burlap. Name the material.
Ans. The material used for making burlap is known as jute.
7. What are mattresses made from?
Ans. Mattresses made from coir.
8. What are jute sacks called?
Ans. Jute sacks are called as gunny bags.
C. Short answer questions.
1. What type of weather conditions are not suitable for wearing synthetic clothes?
Ans. The fabrics made from these fibres are not suitable for a hot and humid weather.
2. Give two uses of the following: a. jute b. cotton
Ans. Uses of jute-1To wrap bales of raw cotton 2 To make sacks and coarse cloth.
Uses of cotton-1) Socks, innerwear, and most T-shirts are made from cotton 2) Cotton
is first sterilised and used for clinical purposes also.
3. What are animal fibres? Name any two.
Ans. The fibres obtained from animals are called animal fibers. e.g. wool and silk
4. What are looms? What are they used for?
Ans. A loom is any machine or device that holds the threads and helps you weave
them.
5. What are synthetic fibres?
Ans. The fibres obtained artificially by chemical processes are called synthetic fibres.
Nylon, rayon and polyester are common synthetic fibres.
6. What is terrycloth?
Ans. Cotton is used to make a number of textile products. These include terrycloth,
used to make highly absorbent bath towels and robes, and denim, used to make jeans.
7. Is jute a biodegradable fibre?
Ans. Yes, jute is a biodegradable fiber as it is made up of plant fiber. It can be easily
degraded.
8. Why do we wear woolen clothes in cold weather?
Ans. Wool is a fluffy fiber and hence retains air. Since air is a bad conductor of heat,
wool has the property of retaining heat. Woolen clothes do not allow our body heat to
escape and thus keep us warm. Therefore, clothes made from wool are worn in cold
weather.
9. Name any two items made from coconut fibers.
Ans. Items made from coconut fibers are mats, ropes and floor coverings.
10. Why do many people believe it is not right to use silk?
Ans. Many people believe that it is not right to use silk, as silkworms are killed in
boiling water to obtain silk.
D. Long answer questions.
1. Explain knitting. What is done by knitting?
Ans. In knitting, a single yarn is used to make a piece of fabric. Knitting is a method
by which a thread or yarn is turned into cloth. Knitting consists of loops called stitches
which are pulled through each other. A set of stitches are held on a needle until
another loop can be passed through them. Knitting may be done by hand or by
machine. There are numerous styles and methods of knitting by hand.
2. What is sericulture? Where did it originate?
Ans. The rearing of silkworm to produce silk is called sericulture. Silk was first used
and developed in China about 7,000 years ago. From China, it came to India, and then
went to the Middle East, Europe and Africa.
3. How woolen clothes are made from wool?
Ans.1. Wool is the fiber obtained from the hair of sheep and some other animals like
rabbit, deer, etc.
2.The process of removing wool from sheep by using special clippers is called
shearing.
3.After shearing, the wool is packed in bales. It is cleaned and combed by a machine
in mills and then separated and spun into a fiber.
4.This fiber is then woven or knitted to make woolen clothes.
4. Describe cotton and its uses.
Ans. Cotton is a soft, staple fiber that grows in a form known as a ‘boll’, around the
seeds of the cotton plant. The fiber is collected by either hand-picking or by machines.
The fiber is most often spun into yarns or threads. The threads are used to weave a
soft, breathable fabric. Cotton is the most widely used natural fiber from which cloth
is made today.
Uses of cotton are as follows:
1) Cotton is used to make a number of textile products e.g. terrycloth. bath towels and
robes, and denim, used to make jeans.
2)Cotton is also used to make khadi, a hand-made fabric.
3)Socks, innerwear, and most T-shirts are made from cotton.
4)Cotton is first sterilized and used for clinical purposes also.

5. What are synthetic fibres? What are their advantages over natural fibres?
Ans. The fibers obtained artificially by chemical processes are called synthetic fibers.
Nylon, rayon and polyester are common synthetic fibers.
Advantages over natural fibres 1) Clothes made from synthetic fibers are stronger than
the clothes made from natural fibers.
2) Synthetic fibers do not wrinkle easily and dry quickly whereas natural fibers get
wrinkles easily and take longer time to dry.
3) Synthetic fibers are often blended with other natural fibres to obtain better quality
fabrics which have strength and can also breathe and absorb sweat.
6. Write a paragraph on any two of the following: a. weaving b. knitting c. spinning
Ans a. Weaving- The process of arranging two sets of yarns together to make a fabric
is called weaving. Weaving of fabric is done on looms. Looms are either hand
operated or power-operated. In weaving, two distinct sets of yarns or threads, called
the warp and the filling or weft, are interlaced with each other to form a fabric or cloth
(Fig. 3.9). The warp threads run lengthways of a piece of cloth, and the weft threads
run across from side to side. The manner in which the warp and weft threads interlace
with each other is known as the weave.
b. Knitting- In knitting, a single yarn is used to make a piece of fabric. Knitting is a
method by which a thread or yarn is turned into cloth. Knitting consists of loops called
stitches which are pulled through each other. A set of stitches are held on a needle
until another loop can be passed through them. Knitting may be done by hand or by
machine. There are numerous styles and methods of knitting by hand.
c. Spinning- The process of making yarn from fibers is called spinning. In this
process, fibres are drawn out and twisted. This brings the fibers together to form a
yarn. A simple device used for spinning is a hand spindle, also called takli. Another
hand operated device used for spinning is the charkha. Spinning of yarn on a large-
scale is done with the help of spinning machines. After spinning, yarns are used to
make fabrics
7. What is silk?
Ans. Silk is obtained from the cocoon of the silkworm. Silkworms are insects which
feed on the leaves of the mulberry trees. A silkworm secretes a silk (raw) thread which
it spins around itself. Each silkworm spins a continuous thread of up to 800 meters
long to make a cocoon. The cocoon is boiled in water to kill the silkworm. Then the
cocoon is unwound to get the silk fiber. The rearing of silkworm to produce silk is
called sericulture. Silk is an expensive fiber.
8. What are the special qualities of jute?
Ans. Special qualities of jute are as follows:
1. Jute is 100 per cent biodegradable. It is, thus, used to make things which could not
be made using synthetic fibers. For example, jute is used to make containers for young
saplings which can be planted directly along with the container.
2.The fibers are used alone or are blended with other types of fibers to make twine and
rope. Jute butts, the coarse ends of the plants, are used to make inexpensive cloth. On
the other hand, very fine threads of jute can be separated out and made into imitation
silk. Jute fibers are also being used to make pulp and paper. Jute has many advantages
as a home textile, in either replacing cotton or blending with it.
3.Jute is the most environment-friendly fiber as it can be recycled more than once. It is
called the golden fiber because it has a golden and silky shine. It is the cheapest
vegetable fiber that is produced.
E. Let’s Think
1. Why are we advised to wear silk in winters but not in summers?
Ans. During summers silk does stick to your skin due to sweat and heat. So it
is advised to wear silk during winters as it feel comfortable on the skin.
2. Natural substances such as cotton bolls and coconut skin are used to make fabric.
Can you think of more such natural materials from your surroundings that can be used
to make fabric?
Ans. Natural materials from surroundings that can be used to make fabric are
cellulosic fibres from bamboo trees, fibres like flax (for linen), leather from animal
skin.
3. Do you think that the use of animal fibre is ethical? Justify your answer.
Ans. Use of animal fibre is ethical if we make animal fibres without causing them any
harm but, if we have to kill the animal to get the fibre then it is not ethical because
animals are also living things like us.