International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2018, pp. 955–962, Article ID: IJCIET_09_02_092

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=2
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

DESIGN OF SYSTEMS FOR RECYCLING OF

WASTEWATER FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
P. Balamurugan
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Dhirajlal Gandhi College of Technology, Salem

K.Shunmugapriya
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Engineering College, Perambalur

S.Arunkumar
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Dhirajlal Gandhi College of Technology, Salem

ABSTRACT
Another progressed natural reactor called Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) for
wastewater treatment is examined. The MBBR innovation is a connected development
natural treatment process in light of a ceaselessly working, non stopping up biofilm
reactor with low head misfortune, a high particular biofilm surface zone and no
prerequisite for discharging. MBBR is frequently composed as vigorous framework.
Moving Bed innovation introduces a few operational points of interest, contrasted with
other ordinary organic medicines. Procedures will assess Moving Bed Biological
Reactors (MBBR) with some kind of changes, conditions examined incorporate COD
expulsion or COD and supplement evacuation with various essential medicines. Littler
natural reactor volumes and littler auxiliary settling surface are required. The outcomes
can show that MBBR with polyethylene media as Biofilm transporter may have
awesome potential to be utilized for natural materials expulsion from water and
wastewater. This examination can be useful to check plausibility that the Moving bed
biofilm process might be utilized as a perfect and effective choice for the aggregate
supplement expulsion from municipal wastewater.
Key word: MBBR, Biofilm, Wastewater Treatment, COD

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 Design of Systems For Recycling of Wastewater For Sustainable Development

Cite this Article: P. Balamurugan, K.Shunmugapriya and S.Arunkumar, Design of

Systems For Recycling of Wastewater For Sustainable Development, International
Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(2), 2018, pp. 955–962.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=2

1. INTRODUCTION
The principle objective of sewage treatment plant is generally to allow human and industrial
effluents to be disposed of without danger to human health or unacceptable damage to the
environment. Irrigation with sewage is both disposal and utilization ad indeed is an effective
form of sewage disposal (as in slow rate land treatment).However, some degree of treatment
must normally be provided to raw municipal sewage before it can be used for agricultural or
landscape irrigation or for agriculture. The quality of treated effluent used in agriculture has a
great influence on the operation and performance of the sewage-soil –plant or aquaculture
system. In the case of irrigation, the required quality of effluent will depend on the crop or crops
to be irrigated the soil conditions and the system of effluent distribution adopted .Through crop
restrictions and selection of irrigation systems which minimize health risk, the degree of pre-
application sewage treatment can be reduced. A similar approach is not feasible in aquaculture
systems and more reliance will have to be placed on control through sewage treatment. The
most appropriate sewage treatment to be applied before effluent use in agriculture is that which
will produce an effluent meeting the recommended microbiological and chemical quality
guidelines both at low cost and with minimal operational and maintenance requirements
adopting as low a level of treatment as possible is especially desirable in developing countries,
not only from the point of view of cost but also in acknowledgement of the difficulty of
operating complex systems reliably. The design of sewage treatment plants is usually based on
the need to reduce organic and suspended solids loads to limit pollution of the environment.
Pathogen removal has very rarely been considered an objective but, for reuse of effluents in
agriculture ,this must be of primary concern and processes should be selected .The short-term
variations in sewage flows observed at municipal sewage treatment plants follow a diurnal
pattern .Flow is typically low during the early morning hours ,when water consumption is
lowest and when the base flow consists of infiltration-inflow and small quantities of sanitary
sewage .A first peak of flow generally occurs in the late morning ,when sewage from the peak
morning water use reaches the treatment plant .and a second peak flow usually occurs in the
evening .The relatives magnitude of peaks and the times at which the occur vary from country
and with the size of the community and the length of the sewers .Small communities with small
sewer systems have a much higher ratio of peak flow to average flow than do large communities
.Although the magnitudes of peaks is attenuated as sewage passes through a treatment plant ,the
daily variations in flow from a municipal treatment plant make it impracticable ,in most cases ,
to irrigate with effluent directly from the treatment plant .Some form of flow equalization or
short-term storage of treated effluent is necessary to provide a relatively constant supply of
reclaimed water for efficient irrigation ,although additional benefits result from storage.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

Moving bed biofilm reactor technology is an attached growth biological treatment process
based on the continuously operating, non-clogging biofilm reactor with low head loss, a high
specific biofilm surface area, and no requirement for back washing. MBBR is often designed
as aerobic system. Samples will be collected from low income and high income society and its
parameters will be evaluated prior to treatment. The Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)
setup proposed for this study will be made up of glass containing two compartments. The inlet
arrangement for influent pre-treated raw domestic waste water will be given at the top of tank.

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 P. Balamurugan, K.Shunmugapriya and S.Arunkumar

The outlet will be provided at low level then inlet. The proposed experimental setup for Moving
Bed Biofilm Reactor can be made as shown in above fig1. The moving Bed Bio Reactor
(MBBR) process uses the floating plastics carriers (media) within the aeration tank to increase
the amount of microorganisms available to treat the waste water compared to conventional
secondary treatment. The microorganisms consume organic materials. The media provides
increased surface area for the biological microorganisms to attach to and grow in the aeration
tanks. The increased surface area reduces the footprint of the tank require to treat the waste
water. The media will be continuously agitated by bubbles from the aeration system that adds
oxygen at the bottom of the first compartments of the aeration tank. Waste water from various
sections shall be passed via a screen chamber. This ensures the removal of coarse particles and
other floating debris present in the stream. After the pre-treatment process the waste water to
be treated shall be routed to a common collection tank. In the collection tank shall be sized in
such a manner to have adequate volume to counter the peak flow. From the collection tank,
waste water shall be pumped in a uniform rate to the aeration tank after grit removal. One pump
will be on working and other will be on standby. The concept underlining the Moving Bed Bio
Reactor is to provide continuously operating biofilm reactor, which is non-clog gable, does not
require backwashing and has a very low pressure drop. This is achieved by growing the biofilm
on smaller carrier elements that move along with the wastewater in the reactor. The MBBR
aeration is two in number and is located next to each other. Each of the tanks shall be provided
with aeration pipelines at the bottom, which shall be in anti-corrosive materials and are Mani
folded to cover the total surface of the tank. The aeration tank is filled with a specific quantity
of the bio media, which is made up of plastic materials with a specific gravity just below that
of water, enable it to remain in suspension. The inlet of the aeration tank is on the top with the
waste water falling freely in to the MBBR tank.
Outlet is located on the opposite side, which has the perforated screen mounted it, which
prevents the bio media from flowing out of the MBBR tank. Both compartments are connected
each other by openings, which has perforated sheets on each side. The outlet of the second
MBBR is connected to the clarifier (clari-settler). In the clarifier the separation of solid from
waste water is achieved by laminar flow developed inside. Due to this, heavier solids settle
down, whereas the clear water rises up and close out. The sludge setting at the bottom of the
tanks shall be transferred from time to time to the sludge drying beds. The supernatant from the
clarifier shall be connected chlorine contact tank to which sodium hypo chloride is dosed and
allowed to remain in the for a predetermined time of half an hour so that there is enough contact
time for the oxidant to totally disinfect the water. The disinfected water is shall be pumped
through a pressure sand filter followed by an activated carbon filter so as to remove any
remaining suspended solids and bad odour. The treated water is then collected in the treated
water tank.

3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1. BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)
The Biochemical Oxygen Demand determination is a chemical procedure for determining the
amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic organism in a water body to break the organic
materials present in the given sample

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 Design of Systems For Recycling of Wastewater For Sustainable Development

300
238 248 250
250
200
150
100 60
50 25
0
0
SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 2 SAMPLE 3

INFLUENT EFFLUENT

Figure 1 BOD Result

Table 1 Range of BOD content in Waste Water

S.No Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
Before Treatment 238 248 250
After Treatment 60 25 0

3.2. CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD)

COD values are particularly important in the surveys designed to determine and control the
losses to sewer systems. The ratio of BOD to COD is useful to access the amenability of waste
for biological treatment. The ratio of BOD to COD greater than equal to 0.8 indicates the waste
water highly polluted and amenable to the biological treatment.
600 560
480
500 400
400
300
200 100
100 42
0
0
SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 2 SAMPLE 3

INFLUENT EFFLUENT

Figure 2 COD Result

Table 2 Range of COD Content in Waste Water

S. No Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
Before Treatment 400 480 560
After Treatment 100 42 0

3.3. pH
pH is a term used universally to express the intensity of the acid or alkaline. The pH value of
soil samples has been increased, after the cultivation of salt tolerance plants.

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 P. Balamurugan, K.Shunmugapriya and S.Arunkumar

7.8 7.7
7.6
7.4
7.2 7.12
7 7 7
7
6.75
6.8
6.6
6.4
6.2
SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 2 SAMPLE 3

INFLUENT EFFLUENT

Figure 3 pH Result

Table 3 Range of pH Content in Waste Water

S.No Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
Before Treatment 6.75 7.12 7.7
After Treatment 7 7 7

3.4. TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS (TDS)

TDS is defined as the residue of filtered water sample after evaporation. The bulk of total
dissolved solids include bicarbonates, sulphates and chloride of calcium, magnesium, sodium,
potassium, silica, potassium chloride, nitrate and boron. According to Hem (1959). TDS was
calculated using the relationship given below. A measure of soluble solid content in water
sample expressed in mg/l.
35000 32900

30000 28000

25000 23000

20000

15000

10000

5000
560 540 500
0
SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 2 SAMPLE 3

INFLUENT EFFLUENT

Figure 4 TDS Result

Table 4 Range of TDS Content in Waste Water

S.No Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
Before Treatment 23000 28000 32900
After Treatment 560 540 500

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 Design of Systems For Recycling of Wastewater For Sustainable Development

3.5. TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS)

A measure of soluble solid content in water extract from the soil sample expressed in mg/l or
ppm
40000 32900
30000 28000
30000

20000

10000
2.4 4.4 1.8
0
SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 2 SAMPLE 3

INFLUENT EFFLUENT

Figure 5 TSS Result

S.No Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
Before Treatment 300000 28000 32900
After Treatment 2.4 4.4 1.8

Table 5 Range of TSS Content in Waste Water

3.6. SODIUM
Sodium is essential for all animals ,plants and human being. It regulates blood volume, blood
pressure,pH. The minimum physiological requirement for sodium is 500 mg per day.
30 28 27
25
25 23 22
20
20
15
10
5
0
SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 2 SAMPLE 3

INFLUENT EFFLUENT

Figure 4.6 Sodium Result

Table 6 Range of Sodium Content in Waste Water

S.No Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
Before Treatment 25 28 27
After Treatment 23 22 20

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 P. Balamurugan, K.Shunmugapriya and S.Arunkumar

3.7. NITRATE
Excess nitrate content in water causes blue baby syndrome.
100
79.96
80
64.7
55 50
60 46.44 45
40
20
0
SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 2 SAMPLE 3

INFLUENT EFFLUENT

Figure 4.7 Nitrate Result

Table 7 Range of Nitrate Content in Waste Water

S. No Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
Before Treatment 46.44 79.96 64.7
After Treatment 55 50 45

4. CONCLUSION
To evaluate the performance of MBBR system for the removal of organic BOD (Biological
Oxygen Demand) and the SS (Suspended Solids) from the domestic waste water for various
conditions have been analyzed and the following conclusion can be made based on the test
results of the samples. The removal of BOD5, COD and Suspended Solids in normal condition
(when the domestic waste only is coming as influent) is more efficient, more than 98%.The
MBBR technology can withstand the heavy Organic shock loading. The system with MBBR
technology will give the required standards of effluent, even when the artificial aeration could
not be given due to power failure. The efficiency level can be improved by providing required
surface area per unit volume of the carrier element to give sufficient active site for the
attachment of microorganisms. Small foot print area is required to accommodate the sewage
treatment plan with MBBR technology. According to the test results, we suggest that the
Moving Bed Bio-film Reactor technology could be used an ideal and efficient option for the
treatment of domestic waste water, when the available area is minimum.

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