06 Technical Specifications

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Gloss Reinforced Plastics (GRP) Report.indd 1 20-08-2018 16:47:02

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APPROACH PAPER
Usage of GRP Pipes in Potable Water,
Irrigation and Sewerage Systems

Acknowledgements
We would like to express our sincere thanks to the members of the Task force for their valuable contribution, inputs
and insights for making this approach paper possible.
CII Contact
Suvendu Mahapatra
T: 011 2468 2230
suvendu.mahapatra@cii.in
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FOREWORD
Chandrajit Banerjee
Director General, CII
The global Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (GRP) pipe market size in terms of value is projected
to grow at a CAGR of 3.5% to reach $4 billion by 2020. Major growth in Asia-Pacific GRP
pipe market is due to the growth opportunities, considering significant demands from end
application in water/waste water, sewage and in industrial use for chemicals, oil and gas. The
GRP pipe market in the emerging countries in Asia-Pacific region is growing at higher rate
following faster industrial growth.
With the scope for wider application of GRP pipes, the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
has prepared this Approach Paper on the Usage of Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (GRP)
Pipe for Potable water, Irrigation and Sewerage Systems. This paper intends to make critical
parameters and practices available at one place for manufacturing and installation of Quality
GRP pipes. It also suggests end to end guideline for use of GRP pipe in Potable water,
Irrigation and Sewage application, including qualification criteria for manufacturer, raw material
specification, pipe manufacturing process, design, engineering, testing & inspection criteria,
installation guideline, etc.
This paper directs our synergetic efforts to upgrade the existing practices and include the
latest advances in the field of GRP piping, thereby enhance its reference value and scope in
potable water, Irrigation and Sewage applications.
The suggested approaches are intended for suitable use by all involved in the procurement,
manufacture, installation, commissioning and operation of GRP pipe systems. Every effort has
been taken to ensure that the Approach Paper is based on the best knowledge available from
the key stakeholders and the suggestive manufacturing guidelines for GRP pipes comply with
the latest Indian and international standards.
I am hopeful that this document highlights the recommended practices required for the
successful execution of GRP Pipe system projects with high quality standards.

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Contents
1 Introduction........................................................................................................................1
2 Codes and Standards........................................................................................................3
3 Manufacturer Qualification Criteria....................................................................................5
4 Submittals for Manufacturer/ Contractor Qualification Criteria.........................................6
5 Raw Material Requirements...............................................................................................7
6 Manufacturing Process....................................................................................................10
7 Design Requirement........................................................................................................11
8 Inspection and Test Plan (ITP) for Pipe and Fittings........................................................13
9 GRP Fittings and Specials...............................................................................................15
10 Joints...............................................................................................................................16
11 Type Test..........................................................................................................................17
12 Marking............................................................................................................................18
13 Transportation and Delivery of Pipe.................................................................................19
14 Lowering, Laying & Bedding of GRP Pipe ......................................................................20
15 Checking the Installed Pipe ............................................................................................22
16 Qualification Criteria for Contactor..................................................................................24
17 Field Hydrostatic Test......................................................................................................25
18 Annual Maintenance Contract (AMC) – Terms & Conditions...........................................26
Annexure - I..............................................................................................................................27
Annexure II...............................................................................................................................28

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1 Introduction
This approach paper provides end to end technical specification for use of Glass Fibre
Reinforced Plastics (GRP) pipe in Potable water, Irrigation and Sewage application, which
includes qualification criteria for manufacturer, raw material specification, pipe manufacturing
process, design & engineering, testing & inspection criteria and installation procedure. This
paper is also intended to make critical parameters available at one place for manufacturing
and installation of high quality GRP pipe.
A task force led by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), which includes major manufacturers
of GRP Pipe, Resin and Glass Fiber in India is involved in creating this approach paper to
ensure that quality GRP pipe is produced and installed. This paper will also help to fulfill the
aspirations of the Indian Government’s Make in India initiative, where all major raw materials
including Resin, Glass Fiber and GRP pipe will be sourced and made in India for domestic
consumption.

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2 Code & Standards
The design, manufacturing, inspection and testing of GRP pipes shall comply with the latest
Indian Standard, IS 14402 (GRP Pipes, Joints and Fittings for use for sewerage Industrial
waste and water (other than potable), IS 12709 (GRP Pipes, Joints and Fittings for use for
potable water supply – specification, ) or ASTM 3517 (Standard Specification for Fiberglass
(Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pressure Pipe in the case of pressure pipes) or
AWWA C 950 (Standard for fiber glass pressure pipe) & AWWA M 45 (Fiberglass Pipe design)
unless otherwise specified elsewhere in this Technical Specification.
The various standards used in the design, manufacture and testing of GRP pipes are as follows:
Table 1
S. No. Standard No. Standard Title
1 IS 14402 GRP Pipes, joints and Fittings for use for sewerage, Industrial waste and
water (other than potable) – specification
2 IS 12709 GRP Pipes, Joints and Fittings for use for potable water supply –
specification
3 IS 5382 Specification for Rubber sealing rings for gas mains, water mains and
sewers
4 IS 13916 Installation of GRP Piping system - code of practice
5 IS 6746: 1994 Unsaturated polyester resin systems - specification
6 IS 11273 Woven roving fabrics of ‘E’ glass fiber
7 IS 11320 Fiber rovings for the reinforcement of polyester and of epoxide resin
systems.
8 IS 11551 Glass fiber chopped strand mat for the reinforcement of epoxyand
polyester resin systems
9 AWWA C950 Standard for fiber glass pressure pipe
10 AWWA M 45 Fiberglass Pipe design
11 ASTM C 33 Standard specification for Concrete aggregates
12 ASTM D 638 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
13 ASTM D 2105 Standard Test Method for Longitudinal Tensile Properties of Fiberglass
(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Tube
14 ASTM D 2290 Standard Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength of Plastic or
Reinforced Plastic Pipe by Split Disk Method

S. No. Standard No. Standard Title
15 ASTM D 2412 Standard Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics
of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
16 ASTM D 2563 Standard practice clarifying visual defects in glass reinforced plastic
laminated parts
17 ASTM D 2583 Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics by means
of a Barcol impressor
18 ASTM D 2992 Standard practice for obtaining hydrostatic or pressure design basis for
Fiberglass Pipe and Fittings
19 ASTM D 2996 Standard specification for Filament-Wound Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-
Reinforced- Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
20 ASTM D 3262 Standard Specification for Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting
Resin) Sewer Pipe, in the case of gravity sewer pipes.
21 ASTM D 3517 Standard Specification for Fiberglass (Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting
Resin) Pressure Pipe
22 ASTM D 3567 Standard practice for determining dimensions of Fiberglass (Glass Fiber
Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and Fittings
23 ASTM D 3681 Standard Test Method for Chemical Resistance of Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-
Reinforced Thermosetting -Resin) Pipe in a Deflected Condition
24 ASTM D 3839 Standard guide for underground installation of Fiberglass Pipes.
25 ASTM D 4161 Standard Specification for Fiberglass (Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting
Resin) Pipe Joints Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals
26 ASTM D 5365 Standard Test Method for Long-Term Ring- Bending Strain of Fiberglass
(Glass-Fiber- Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
27 ASTM D 5421 Standard specification for contact molded “Fiber glass” flanges.
28 ASTM F 477 Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic
Pipe
29 ISO 2078/ The nomenclature ECR Boron free glass for use in corrosive environments
ASTM D 578/
DIN 1259-01
30 ISO 3672 Part Plastics - Unsaturated Polyester Resins (UP-R) - Part 1: Designation System;
1 and Part 2 Part 2: Preparation of Test specimens and determination of properties

3 Manufacturer Qualification Criteria
Bidder or its sub–vender should have manufactured in India and supplied Glass Fiber
Reinforced Plastic (GRP) pipes either with continuous Filament winding or Helical Filament
winding process, following below qualification criteria.
Table 2
Condition / Project requirement Criteria

For pipe diameters (DN) ≤ 1000 mm • History of manufacturing & supply of minimum 10 Km GRP
pipe length of ≤ DN 1000 mm within 5 years prior to the
date of Techno-commercial bid opening.
For pipe diameters (DN) > 1000 mm • History of manufacturing & supply of minimum 10 Km GRP
pipe length of ≥ DN 1000 mm within 5 years prior to the
date of Techno-commercial bid opening.
&
• Self-certification for machine capability to manufacture &
availability of all test facilities for project required diameter
New Manufacturer/Not meeting • Pre-inspection by Third party and/or end user (As per
above criteria Annexure I) for evaluation of capability to manufacture, test
and supply of GRP pipe of project requirement diameter
Also at least 10 km of GRP pipes supplied by Bidder or its sub-vendor, according to above
condition, should be in successful operation for not less than one year in cross – country,
municipal, irrigation or industrial piping systems prior to the date of Techno-Commercial bid
opening.
In case of not meeting any of above requirements, manufacturing facility shall be pre-
inspected by Third party and/or end user for evaluation of capability to manufacture, test
and supply of GRP pipe. Manufacturer will request to end user for inspection before bidding.
Check list as per Annexure I shall be followed for pre-qualification inspection.
Manufacturer must have fully equipped in-house test facility for conducting required tests for
raw material & pipe, as per approved Inspection and Test Plan (ITP).

Submittals for Manufacturer/
4 Contractor Qualification Criteria
The end user shall ask for following necessary information from pipe manufacturer or
contractors in the tender submission documents for GRP Pipes.
1. Capability determination: Manufacturing Capacity of bidder, or associate manufacturer/s
like Diameter range, Essential testing facility (as per IS 12709/14402), Turn Key
Installation Capability, Financial strength for Guarantee Obligations (Letter of credit, etc.)
2. Testimonials of Pipe supplied/projects executed of any pipe size of minimum 10 km in
last 5 years and proof of its successful operation from end user or contractor.
3. Design methodology & calculations for confirming the adequacy of specified thickness
of GRP pipe to meet the project requirement as specified in tender, shall be submitted
to end user/contractor after award of project.
4. Previous third-party Inspection Reports for the final product supplied by manufacturing
plant for at least 1 project.
5. Authorization to use relevant IS marking (IS 12709/IS 14402) and certification of Quality
Management System as per requirements of latest ISO 9001 standard.

5 Raw Material Requirements
5.1 Resin
Selection of Resin for manufacturing of GRP Pipe shall be according to Raw material selection
table of this guideline specification document, (Refer Table 5, Page 9). Resin used in GRP pipe
shall satisfy the requirement of Annexure II of this document and shall be certified by neutral
third-party laboratory. Refer Annexure II for detailed quality parameter of resin.
5.2 Curing Additives for Resins

Major curing additives which can be used with polyester or vinyl ester resin are mentioned
below. Concentration and ratio of additives and resin shall be maintained based on
recommendation from resin manufacturer/curing/storage or holding time required for particular
manufacturing method and atmospheric conditions. Manufacturer can use any additive,
according to their process requirement.
Table 3
S. No. Curing Additives Additives

1 Initiators Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), Cumene hydroperoxide
(CuHP), Dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO), acetyl acetone peroxide (AAP),
Cyclohexanone peroxide (CHP) etc.
2 Accelerators Cobalt naphthenate, Cobalt octoate
3 Promoters Dimethylaniline(DMA), Diethylaniline (DEA), dimethyl acetoacetamide
(DMAA)
4 Inhibitors Tertiary butyl catechol (TBC)
5.3 Glass Fiber Reinforcement

Major type of glass fiber used for manufacturing of GRP pipe is Surface Nonwoven Veil/Tissue,
Chopped Strand Mat (CSM), Woven Roving, Single end Roving & Multi end roving. Only ECR
glass roving shall be used for manufacturing of GRP pipe. Selection of glass shall be done
based on its resin system compatibility. Physical properties of all required glass fiber are
mentioned in Table 4, Page 8.

Table 4: Glass Fiber Types and Key Physical Properties
Reinforcement Type GSM (gm/m2)/ Tex LOI (%) Moisture Content Tensile Breaking
(gm/km) (%) Load (N)
Surface Veil/Tissue (gsm) 20 – 50 ± 3 10.5 ± 1.5 --- ---
Chopped Strand Mat (gsm) 225 – 600 ± 7% 4.5 ± 1.5 0.2 Max ---
Woven Roving (gsm) 360 – 850 ± 7% Nom. ± 0.3 0.3 Max ---
Multi End Roving (Tex) 2400 ± 5% Nom. ± 0.2 0.2 Max ---
4800 ± 5%
Single End Roving (Tex) 600 ± 7.5% Nom. ± 0.3 0.3 Max 600 > 118
1200 ± 7.5% 1200 > 225
2400 ± 5% 2400 > 470
4800 ± 5% 4800 > 940
5.4 Other Additives

5.4.1 Thixotropic agents
Thixotropic agents such as fumed silica may be added to the resin up to 5% by mass, using a
high shear stirrer, for viscosity control, provided it does not interfere with visual inspection.
5.4.2 Paraffin wax
The final layer may contain paraffin wax in order to meet requirements for surface cure.
Paraffin wax shall be resin compatible.
5.4.3 Ultraviolet absorbers (UV Stabilizers)
When required, ultra-violet absorbers may be incorporated into the laminate or outer layers,
in accordance with the supplier’s recommendations (usually at a level of less than 0.5% by
mass).
5.4.4 Pigments
As per project requirement, pigments are permissible only in the external layer resin surface
and shall be applied after visual inspection has been carried out or as per agreement between
manufacturer and buyer.
5.4.5 Surface active agents
Surface active agents may be added to the resin to improve its processability. Examples of
this type of additive are air release agents, wetting agents, activators for thixotropic agents
and monomer emission suppressants.

5.5 Major Raw Material Selection Guideline
Based on the end application mentioned below, resin and glass fiber type shall be selected
as given in Table 5. For any specific project conditions or application requirements which are
not covered below, selection of resin and glass shall be done based on confirmation from raw
material manufacturer for that specific condition.
Table 5: Resin and Glass Fiber for Liner/Corrosion Barrier, Structural Layer and External Layer
Liner /Corrosion Barrier Structural Layer External Layer

Application
Glass Fiber Resin Glass Fiber Resin Glass Fiber Resin
Potable/ ECR Orthophthalate ECR Orthophthalate ECR Orthophthalate
Irrigation UP UP UP
Water
Sewer ECR Vinyl Ester ECR Orthophthalate ECR Orthophthalate
Water UP UP
• For saline soil, external layer shall be with Isophthalic resin.

6 Manufacturing Process
6.1 Liner
Minimum Liner/Corrosion barrier thickness shall be 1.0 mm for irrigation & potable water
application. For other application, it should be 1.5 mm or as per the agreement between
manufacturer and end user, whichever is greater.
Liner must be made following below mentioned sequence for making GRP pipe
1. Layer of Surface Veil (25 – 50 gsm) with 5 - 10 mm overlap and approximate 90% resin
rich.
2. Remaining thickness shall be achieved using CSM or multi end roving, based on
manufacturing process and must be 60 – 70 % resin rich.
3. Any kind of Filler or Silica sand is not allowed in liner.
Resin and glass fiber type used for liner shall be according to Table 5. Special care shall be
taken while making liner to achieve required workmanship. For Liner, workmanship should be
according to level I of ASTM D 2563/IS 12709/IS 14402.
6.2 Reinforcement/Structural Layer

Structural layer shall be made using processes covered under AWWA M 45 cl. 3.1 using resin
& glass roving. Raw material selection must be according to Table 5.
Silica sand can be used only in core zone of the structural layer, to be protected by glass fiber
rich layer on both sides, in order to achieve the desired stiffness properties.Sand used shall
be river sand and shall have rounded particles free from moisture (less than 0.1%) and organic
material (less than 0.5%). Sand shall have particle size limitation as specified in IS 12709 and
14402
Special care shall be taken while making structural layer to achieve required workmanship.
Refer ASTM 2563 level II/IS 12709/IS 14402 for workmanship criteria.
6.3 External Layer

The exterior surface shall be relatively smooth with no exposed fiber or sharp projection by
using resin rich surface veil. External layer resin may contain UV Stabilizers for protection from
UV rays if pipe is intended for over the ground application or is likely to be stored in open for
long durations (more than 1 year). Pigmentation may be done as per project requirement and
agreement.
6.4 Pipe Composition

Pipe composition shall be according to manufacturer’s internal data sheet.
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7 Design Requirement
Project wise, pipe and fittings drawing and Inspection & test plan (ITP) must be submitted
by the manufacturer and to be approved by contractor or end user before the start of pipe
manufacturing.
7.1 Nominal Diameters

Pipes shall be supplied with the nominal diameters in accordance with AWWA C 950/IS
12709/IS 14402.
7.2 Lengths
The pipe standard effective length can be 3, 6, 9 & 12 meters with a tolerance of ± 25 mm. A
maximum of 10% of the pipe sections may be supplied in random lengths according to the
provisions of IS standards or as agreed between manufacturer & contractor/end user.
7.3 Wall Thickness

Wall thickness of pipe shall be specified by pipe manufacturer based on their design
calculation. Details calculation sheet along with the thickness value shall be submitted to end
user before start of pipe manufacturing for approval. The minimum wall thickness at any point
shall not be less than the wall thickness specified by the pipe manufacturer.
7.4 Pressure Class & Stiffness Class

Pressure and stiffness class shall be defined by the end user or proposed by the manufacturer,
as per project requirement. It should be in line with IS 12709/IS 14402. Selection of stiffness
shall be based on depth of burial from the top of pipe and shall be done based on below table.
Table 6: Guideline for Selection of Stiffness Class
Depth of Burial (from top of pipe)

S. No. Recommended Stiffness Class
Min. Max.
1 1 mtr. Or 1D, whichever is more 4 mtr. 248 KPa (5000 N/mtr.2)
2 1 mtr. Or 1D, whichever is more 8 mtr. 496 KPa (10000 N/mtr.2)
• For depth of burial of more than 8 mtr. Pipe manufacturer shall be contacted for selection of stiffness.
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7.5 End Squareness
All around periphery of each end of the pipe unit shall fall within ± 6.5 mm or + 0.5 % of the
nominal diameter of pipe whichever is the greater to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal
axis of the pipe, when measured as per IS 12709 or IS 14402.
7.6 Hydrostatic Testing

100% of the pipe up to DN 1400 mm, shall be hydro tested by pipe manufacturer at 2x
design pressure, maintaining for minimum 1 minute. For the pipe of above DN 1400 mm, the
frequency of the hydro test shall be as agreed between the manufacturer and purchaser.
7.7 Hoop and Longitudinal Tensile Strength

Longitudinal Tensile Strength and Hoop Tensile Strength for each size and class should meet
or exceed the requirement as mentioned in table 5 & 6 of IS 12709 and in table 6 & 7 of IS
14402.
7.8 Barcol Hardness of Pipe

Average Barcol hardness of pipe shall not be less than 80% of the resin hardness specified by
resin manufacturer, when checked at 10 different places.
7.9 Workmanship
All the pipes must be made with proper care for any visual or laminate defects. Visual
inspection shall be done according to ASTM D 2563/IS 12709/IS 14402.
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Inspection and Test Plan (ITP) for
8 Pipe and Fittings
All the pipes & fittings shall be inspected by third party inspection (TPI) agency or end user,
before dispatch from manufacturer premises, as per agreed frequency. Below inspection & test
plan shall be followed for pipe & fittings manufacturing and inspection.
Table 7: Inspection & Test Plan for GRP Pipe & Fittings Manufacturing
Frequency of Sample
S. No. Test Reference Document
Manufacturer TPI/End User
Raw Material
1 Resin
I Viscosity Resin specification 1 Per Batch R

II Gel Time Resin specification 1 Per Batch R
III Gel to Peak Time Resin specification 1 Per Batch R
IV Peak Exotherm Resin specification 1 Per Batch R
V FTIR Resin specification 1 Per Batch R
2 Glass Fiber
I Tex/GSM Glass fiber spec. 1 Per Batch R

II Moisture Glass fiber spec. 1 Per Batch R
Pipe and Fittings
3 Dimension Approved drawing 100% 1 Sample/Lot
4 Visual ASTM 2563 100% 1 Sample/Lot
5 Longitudinal Tensile IS 12709/1S 14404 1 Sample/Lot 1 Sample/Lot
Strength*
6 Hoop Tensile IS 12709/1S 14404 1 Sample/Lot 1 Sample/Lot
Strength*
7 Stiffness* IS 12709/1S 14404 1 Sample/Lot 1 Sample/Lot
8 Hydrostatic Test* GRP Pipe spec. 100% 1 Pipe/Lot
• 1 Lot consists of maximum 100 numbers of pipes of each size & specification
• *For Pipe only
• R – Review
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8.1 List of Testing Laboratory
Samples collected from site will be sent to any one of below mentioned laboratories. Third
party inspector or end user will send the sample with proper marking and identification to the
laboratory based on testing facility and location.
Table 8
S. No. Name of Laboratory Location Availability of Testing Facility

1 CIPET Hyderabad LT, HT, Stiffness
2 CIPET Ahmedabad LT, HT, Stiffness
3 ATIRA Ahmedabad LT,HT
• Alignment with laboratory to be done before sending any sample.
Other labs can also be used for testing of pipe, based on available facility
8.2 List of Third-Party Inspection Agency

Selection of third-party inspection agency shall be done from below mentioned list.
Appointment of same will be done by end user for inspection at manufacturing unit as well as
for site.
Table 9
S. No. Name of Agency Location

1 SGS All India
2 Rites All India
3 BVQI All India
4 TUV All India
5 Lloyds All India
6 UL All India
7 IRS All India
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9 GRP Fittings & Specials
9.1 General
All GRP fittings, such as Bend/Elbows, End Caps, Tees, Flanges and Reducers etc. shall be
equal to or superior in performance to pipe of the same classifications and shall have smooth
internal finish.
All GRP fittings shall be manufactured at pipe manufacturer premises. Internal diameter
of the fittings shall be same as pipe, other dimensions of the fittings shall be as per project
requirement and approved drawings.
Specific required fittings may be permitted (End user or contractor approval) to be fabricated /
laminated at site. However, the technicians doing the job should be approved by manufacturer.
9.2 Fittings made from Pipe (Mitered Fittings)

Fittings shall be fabricated from complete pipes or portions of straight pipe complying with IS
14402 / IS 12709 standards, as applicable for the pipe classifications. The fitting shall comply
with the declared design requirement and be suitably mitered. The cut section of pipe shall be
joined by butt wrap lamination using woven roving and/or chopped strand mat. Lamination
should be such that it will ensure meeting the requirement of longitudinal and circumferential
tensile strength equal to main pipe. All mitered fitting shall have calibrated ends for coupling
fixing or plain ends for butt joint with pipe.
Open area at the ends after cutting shall be properly sealed with same resin as used in liner.
Lamination at liner shall be done with same resin as used for liner of the pipe and should be
resin rich and smooth finish.
9.3 Fittings made by Moulding

Moulded GRP fittings shall be made by hand lay-up, contact moulding, or tape winding
process, ensuring equal or superior properties than pipe. Silica sand is not allowed for making
moulded fittings. Same resin sequence which has been used for pipe shall be used for making
fittings.
15

10 Joints
The pipeline shall have a jointing system that shall provide for fluid tightness for the intended
service condition.
All GRP pipes and fittings shall be joined with unrestrained sleeve couplings (Double REKA
joint) or un-restrained double `O’ ring bell-Spigot joints or by butt wrap.
10.1 Flanged Joint

Flanged joints shall be used for connecting GRP pipes with valves, pumps and other material
piping etc. Flanged joints are recommended to be used with EPDM gasket and hot dip
galvanized bolts. The flanged joint is made from the same material as pipe.
10.2 Gaskets
All gaskets used in GRP pipe jointing must be of EPDM rubber. EPDM gasket used with
push-on flexible joints shall conform to the requirements of IS 5382 / ASTM F 477/IS 638.
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11 Type Test
The Manufacturer or its Technology provider should have already carried out Long Term Type
Test duly approved by TPI
The following long-term test reports to be submitted by Manufacturer or its Technical provider
1. Long term Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB) as per IS 12709
2. Chemical resistance test as per IS 14402
3. Elastomeric gasket coupling joints shall be qualified in accordance with section 7 of
ASTM D 4161
4. For potable water, potability tests to establish potability of water according to IS 12709
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12 Marking
Marking shall be done on inside and outside surface at least on one end of pipe for, including
below mentioned requirements.
1. The nominal pipe diameter in mm.
2. Pressure class & stiffness class of pipe
3. Batch no. or date of manufacturing
Additionally, the pipe should have marking for following at least at one place on outer surface
1. Name/Number of standard, followed for manufacturing of GRP pipe i.e.
IS 12709/IS14402/AWWAM 45 /ASTM etc.
2. The manufacturer’s name or trademark
3. Any other project specific requirement
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13 Transportation and Delivery of Pipe
Preparation of shipping should protect the pipe wall and joining ends from damage and should
be acceptable to the carrier, manufacturer and purchaser. Refer IS 13916, clause 4.0 for
transportation, loading and unloading of GRP pipe.
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14 Lowering, Laying & Bedding of GRP Pipe
IS 13916/AWWA M 45 shall be followed for installation of GRP pipe following below mentioned
parameters.
Standard Trench profile for underground installation of GRP Pipe
14.1 Trench Bottom

Excavate trench upto a minimum of 6 in. (150 mm) below the bottom of the pipe. When ledge,
rock, hardpan or other unyielding material, or cobbles, rubbles, debris, boulders or stone
larger than 1.5 in. (40 mm) are encountered in the trench bottom, excavate a minimum depth
of 12 in. (300 mm) below the pipe bottom. Based on the condition, if foundation is required,
trench depth can be further increased.
20

14.2 Pipe Bedding
The bedding should be placed over a firm, stable trench bottom to provide proper support.
Provide 150 – 300 mm for bedding below the pipe. For soft or unstable trench, an additional
foundation may be needed to achieve firm support for bedding.
14.3 Backfilling
Selection of backfilling material should be made based on local, regional and economic
aspects. Each material used, has to meet the requirement of maximum allowable particle size
mentioned below. Soil selection category should be considered from clause 6.5.1 of AWWA M
45.
Table 10
DN Max. Sieve Size (mm)
≤ 1000 13
>1000 19
Immediate backfilling after joining is recommended to prevent floating of pipe due to heavy
rain and thermal movement due to large temperature fluctuation.
14.4 Compaction
As per the requirement, compaction should be done for Minimum 85% of Standard Proctor
Density (SPD).
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15 Checking the Installed Pipe
Initial diametrical deflection shall not exceed 3% of diameter or as per manufacturer’s

recommendations. Bulges, flat areas, or other abrupt changes of pipe wall curvature are not
permitted. Deflection checks shall be done when the first installed pipes have been backfilled
and continued periodically throughout the entire project. Laying shall not get too far ahead
before verifying the installation quality & backfilling.
Pipes over 5% deflection shall be rectified completely. No attempt to jack or wedge the
installed over deflected pipe into a round condition shall be made to avoid damage to the
pipe.
15.1 Correcting over Deflected Pipe

Pipe installed with initial diametrical deflections exceeding the approved values shall be
corrected by re-exposing the pipe, re-compacting the pipe zone backfill and if required
bedding also to ensure long term performance of the pipe. Damaged pipe shall be repaired or
replaced as decided by manufacturer. Recompact / backfill to the grade & re-check the pipe
deflections to verify they have not exceeded the values to the satisfaction of employer.
15.2 Misalignment of the Joint

When for reasons of the lay-out of the line, the joint has to be misaligned (but such degree of
misalignment must remain within the limits provided by the supplier of the pipes) within flexible
joint, such misalignment at the predetermined angle should be applied only after having
inserted the pipe and then joint is thoroughly checked for its proper installation to ensure
water tightness.
15.3 Thrust Block

RCC thrust block shall be provided at all bends, Tees, reducers & Blinds and at places of
reduction in cross section to take care of thrust.
GRP pipes shall cross minor road / nallah through hume pipes (casing pipes). When buried
GRP pipes are crossing roads & nallah sand / sand bags shall be put around GRP pipes within
Hume pipe. For railway crossing and / or high way crossings of underground GRP pipes,
culverts or casing pipe with pushing technology shall be adopted. However, manufacturer’s
installation manual/ guideline shall be followed in all such cases.
22

At the end of each working day and whenever work is interrupted for any period of time, the
open ends of laid pipes shall be protected against the entry of dirt, water or other foreign
matter by means of proper plugs or end caps. Butt wrap lapping joint of last joint during
erection shall be done at a de-humidified condition by certified skilled worker to ensure correct
workmanship and curing.
15.4 Inspection and Test Plan (ITP) for installation

Contractor shall offer installation test plan (ITP) for inspection of installed pipe to end user.
Inspection shall be done for, following parameters as per below typical ITP.
Inspection & Test Plan for GRP Pipe & Fittings Installation
Table 11
S. No. Test Reference Document Frequency

Contractor TPI/End User
1 Bedding thickness GRP Pipe spec. 100% Every 500 mtr.
2 Overall Trench Width GRP Pipe spec. 100% Every 500 mtr.
3 Overall Trench Depth GRP Pipe spec. 100% Every 500 mtr.
4 Deflection of Installed GRP Pipe spec. 100% Every 500 mtr.
Pipe
5 Particle size of GRP Pipe spec. 100% R
backfilling material
6 Availability of Thrust GRP Pipe spec. 100% 100%
Block
7 Field Hydrostatic Test GRP Pipe spec. 100%** 100%**
Sample Collection from Site. (To be collected in presence of manufacturer’s representative & tested within 15
days of receipt of lot at site)
8 Longitudinal Tensile IS 12709/1S 14404 NA 1 Sample/supply lot
Strength*
9 Hoop Tensile IS 12709/1S 14404 NA 1 Sample/supply lot
Strength*
10 Stiffness* IS 12709/1S 14404 NA 1 Sample/supply lot
11 FTIR Spectroscopic GRP Pipe spec. NA 1 Sample/supply lot
Analysis
• 1 Lot consists of maximum 1 km of installed pipes.

• *only for pipe
• **Except Non-testable joints and ends
• R – Review
23

16 Qualification Criteria for Contractor
Apart from criteria about financial strength, experience of civil work and experience of
installation of pipe line network (depending upon the size of the work) will be required for
qualification of contractor. Also, contractor, who is going to do the installation of GRP pipe,
must undergo installation training either from pipe manufacturer or approved third party
agency. This training should be done for all the supervisory manpower who are going to
handle/ install the pipe, for the organization. Training can be done after allocation of project, so
that certificate can be presented to end user before start of the installation.
24

17 Field Hydrostatic Tests
The pipeline shall be hydro tested in stretches of about 1 km at 1.5 x design pressure.
Pressurized pipe shall be maintained for minimum 1 hour and pressure should be checked
at lowest level end of pipe. Frequency of testing shall be according to above testing and
inspection plan.
Hydro test at site shall be conducted in presence of third party inspector, end user and
contractor. Water and other facilities as required for such hydro testing shall be arranged as
per contract by the contractor.
25

Annual Maintenance Contract (AMC)
18
Terms & Conditions
The Contractor to provide Annual Maintenance Contract (AMC) for 5 years after completion of
the defect liability period. The following services shall be included under AMC:
A) Round the clock monitoring of GRP pipe installation for any leakage / rupture / damage
of the pipeline.
B) Arranging all manpower (including skilled & unskilled labour), machineries, testing
equipment, fixtures, maintenance tools &tackles consumables etc. for repair,
maintenance, re-erection/ re-commissioning of any or whole portion of GRP piping
system.
C) Repairing the damaged pipes/joints, replacing the damaged part of piping/ joints
including fittings with new pipes / fittings, wherever necessary, making damaged
or excavated bed & trench of GRP pipe and restoring the trench bed to the original
specified bed conditions.
D) Recharging the entire GRP pipe installation to the satisfaction of the Employer.
Additional Information to Contractors by Supplier
Additional information needs to be provided by pipe manufacturer to contractor, based on the

project requirement
1. Guidelines for pipe unloading, storage and handling at site
2. Guide lines for trench preparation, bed preparation, pipe zone backfilling compaction
method/ procedure and compaction testing,
3. Pipe lowering, laying, jointing and installation checking.
4. Joint preparations and joining method
5. Sectional hydro testing procedure and equipments required for it.
6. Guidelines for jointing two hydrotested sections
7. Precommissioning checks and commissioning procedure
8. Jointing material storage, handling and preparation guideline
9. The use of short pipe section and rigid end detail to provide pipe flexibility
26

Annexure - I
Check List for Pre - Inspection of GRP
Pipe Manufacturer Qualification
Sr. No Description Pipe Manufacturer Comments

1 Name of Company
2 Address, Phone No. & E-mail
3 Year of Establishment
4 Single company or joint venture
5 If joint venture then, Name and address of Joint
venture
6 Organization chart
7 Total No. of Staff
8 No. of QC/QA Staff
9 BIS Certification
10 ISO certified?
11 No. of Winding Machine and size capacity
i. Continuous Filament Winding
ii. Helical Filament Winding
12 Details of Available Mould
13 Raw Material Storage capacity
14 Annual GRP Pipe manufacturing capacity
15 Details of Ongoing Projects
16 Details of projects executed in last three years
17 Capacity of Longitudinal Tensile Testing machine
18 Capacity of Hoop Tensile Testing Machine
19 Capacity of Stiffness Testing Machine
20 Long Term Design Testing Facility
21 Capacity of Hydro Testing Facility
22 Raw Material Testing Facility
i. Resin
ii. Glass Fiber
iii. Additives
23 Calibration status
24 List of Machine
27

Annexure II
Guideline for:
(A) Pre-Qualification of Manufacturer and Suppliers
of Resins for Pipe Manufacturing
(B) Approval of Resin Grade and its Registration /
Certification for Pipe Manufacturing
1. Introduction
Considering the need for quality consistency and quality monitoring at the source of material
of construction, this Annexure provides guidelines for the Pre-qualification of Manufacturer
/ Suppliers of Resin and also Approval and Registration / Certification of different grades of
Resins suitable for the manufacturing of Pipes, which would ensure the desired performance
in the field.
1.1 Pre-Qualification of Manufacturer / Suppliers of Resins:

For the approval of Manufacturer / Supplier of Resins the organization must have the
prevailing ISO 9001 certification. Further, a Third Party Inspection of works, must be carried
out for Qualification based on the Quality Assurance Plan. The Quality Assurance Plan of the
organization must be able to demonstrate in-house capabilities of testing the resin materials
during production and also before the dispatch to manufacturer of pipes for the Liquid Resin,
Cast Resin and Laminate properties as per the Table A1, Table A2 and Table A3 respectively in
Section 2.2.2.
Detailed requirements / guidelines for the Works Approval Program are described in Section
2.1.
1.2 Approval and Registration / Certification of Different Grades of Resins

After the approval of Manufacturer / Supplier works, a further program for the approval of
Individual Product grades needs to be carried out by Third Party Inspection (TPI).
The approval and certification of each Product would be Site Specific. Hence, a Manufacturer
/ Supplier with Multiple Site operations would need to get their Products approved and
certified at every site individually and independently.
TPI would be responsible for the Quality and Performance Test of individual product grades to
grant the Approval and certify the product grades to be used in the manufacturing of Pipes.
2. Pre-Qualification of Manufacturer / Supplier of Resins:

2.1 Works Approval Programme
• The manufacturing unit shall be compliant and certified as per the prevailing ISO 9001
standard.
• In-house testing facility must be available for testing basic properties of liquid resin like
Density, Viscosity, Non-volatile matter, Acid Number, cure behaviour (Gel time, Reactivity
Testings) as per ISO or relevant standards.
28

2.1.1 Documentation required for Works Approval
A) General Information:
• Brief Introduction on the firm
• Manufacturing Activities, as permitted by the licensing authority
• Type of products approved for manufacturing, with flow charts detailing procedure
and process flow
• Number of employees engaged in the production, quality control, storage and

distribution
B) Personnel:
• Organizational Chart showing the arrangements for quality assurance, including

production and quality control
• Qualification, experience, and responsibilities of key personnel

C) Premises:
• Simple plan or description of manufacturing areas drawn to scale
• Nature of construction and fixtures/fittings

D) Equipment:
• Brief description of major equipment used in production and in the quality control
laboratories (a list of equipment used)
E) Production:
• Brief Description of production operations, using wherever possible, flow sheets and
charts specifying important parameters
• Arrangements for the handling of starting materials, packaging materials, and bulk
and finished products; this includes the arrangements for sampling, release, and
storage.
• Arrangements for the handling of rejected materials and products.
• Brief description of the general policy for process validation

F) Quality Control:
• Description of the quality control system and of the activities of the quality control
department.
• Procedures for the release of the finished product
2.2 Resin Qualification and Approval Plan
2.2.1 Material Approval Tests for Registration and Certification
29

2.2.1.1 Sampling of Liquid Resin at Manufacturer’s facility:
• About 5 to 10 kg of Liquid Resin Sample is to be drawn from the stores in a suitable Tin
Container, in the presence of TPI and Sealed off for conducting all the tests related to
Liquid Resin, Cast Resin and Laminate Tests.
The tests are to be carried out by one of the following
• An independent third party test house that has been accredited, by a nationally
recognised body, for the tests undertaken with testing witnessed by TPI.
• The manufacturer’s own, in-house test facility with testing witnessed by TPI.
2.2.1.2 Sample preparation and Testing of Liquid Resin

• Before testing is undertaken by a TPI, the Liquid Resin Sample should be conditioned
preferably at 25°C for at least 24 hours.
• The Liquid Resin Testing is to be carried out as per the standards mentioned in Section
2.2.2, Table A1.
• The limits on the nominal values shall be as per Table A4, Table A7 & Table A10 in
Section 2.2.3.
2.2.1.3 Sample preparation and Testing of Cast Resin
Preparation of the cast to be tested for Resin Approval needs to be done as per the following
• Cast the resin to be tested in the form of an unfilled casting using the catalyst/
accelerator system and curing schedule specified by the resin manufacturer.
• A suitable mould for casting is made from two pieces of plate and a suitable gasket
25 mm wide. Clamp the pieces of plate-glass and gasket after covering with a suitable
release film in a vertical position with the gasket in between to form an open ended cell.
• A gasket can be made out of a suitable material like Rubber, Teflon, Polypropylene,
Polyethylene, etc.
• The Unfilled Casting is to be cured at Room Temperature (25-30°C) for 24 hours
followed by Post Curing at 60°C for 16 hours.
• The preparation of Samples for Approval Tests needs to be done by cutting, machining
and shaping of the prepared Unfilled Casting into different sizes and shapes as per the
standards mentioned in Section 2.2.3, Table A2.
• Cast Resin samples prepared as the part of Resin Approval Process, need to be tested
as per ISO / ASTM Standards as mentioned in Section 2.2.2, Table A2.
• The limits on the nominal values shall be as per Table A5, Table A8 and Table A11 in
Section 2.2.3.
2.2.1.4 Sample preparation and Testing of Laminate
Preparation of the laminates to be tested for Resin Approval needs to be done as per the
following:
• The resin for approval is to be used to prepare a laminate containing a nominal 1800 g/
m2 of chopped strand mat reinforcement with 30 – 35 % glass content.
• The laminate prepared is to be cured at Room Temperature (25-30°C) for 24
hours followed by Post Curing at 60°C for 16 hours or as suggested by the Resin
Manufacturer.
30

• The preparation of Samples for Approval Tests needs to be done by cutting, machining
and shaping of the prepared Laminate into different sizes and shapes as per the
standards mentioned in Section 2.2.3, Table A3.
• Laminate samples prepared as the part of Resin Approval Process, need to be tested as
per ISO / ASTM Standards as mentioned in Section 2.2.2, Table A3.
• The limits on the nominal values shall be as per Table A6, Table A9 & Table A12 in
Section 2.2.3.
2.2.1.5 Benchmark FTIR Fingerprinting

• After the different grades of resins have been tested and approved, having met the
required minimum values of properties for liquid resin, cast resin and laminates, FTIR
Fingerprinting of the approved resin in all the three forms, Liquid, Cast and Laminate
needs to be carried out.
• These FTIR Fingerprints of approved resins would be used as benchmark reference for
comparing the FTIR Fingerprints of resin being supplied to pipe manufacturers, thus
ensuring quality and consistency of basic input raw material.
2.2.2 Test Method Standards for Characterization

Table A1: Test Methods for Determination of Uncured Resin Properties
Sr. No. Properties Test Method

1 Density ISO 1675
2 Colour ISO 2211
3 Refractive Index* ISO 5661
4 FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis ASTM E168
5 Acid Number ISO 2114
6 Viscosity ISO 2555
7 Non-Volatile Matter ISO 3251
8 Flash Point ISO 2592
9 Gel Time ISO 2535
* optional
Table A2: Test Methods for Determination of Cured Resin Properties

1. Barcol Hardness EN 59 / ASTM D2583
2. Density ISO 1183
3. FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis ASTM E168
4. Tensile Properties1 ISO 527-2 Test speed = 2 mm / min
5. Flexural Properties ISO 178 Test Speed = (Thickness * 0.5) mm / min
6. Heat deflection temperature ISO 75-2 Method A
7. Glass Transition Temperature 2
ISO 6721-2 / ASTM D3418
8. Water Absorption ISO 62
• ISO 527-2 – Tensile properties are to be measured using extensometer

• Optional Test
31

Table A3: Test Methods for Determination of Laminate Properties

1. Glass Content -
2. Barcol Hardness EN 59 / ASTM D2583
3. FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis ASTM E168
3. Tensile Properties1 ISO 527-4 Test speed = 2 mm / min
4. Flexural Properties ISO 14125 Test Speed = (Thickness * 0.5) mm / min
5. Compressive Properties ISO 14126 Method A Test Speed = 1 mm / min
6. Inter-laminar Shear Strength ISO 14130
7. Water Absorption ISO 62
• ISO 527-4 – Tensile properties are to be measured using extensometer (extensometer which may be removed for strain to failure).
2.2.3 Minimum Qualification Criteria for Approval/Certification of different types of Resins:

The nominal values for all the Liquid Resin, Cast Resin and Laminate Samples shall be as per
the Table A4 to Table A12:
2.2.3.1 Orthophthalate Polyester Resin
Table A4: Orthophthalate Unsaturated Polyester Liquid Resin Properties

Properties Test Methods Unit Continuous Filament Helical Filament Centrifugal
Winding Winding Casting
Appearance Visual - Clear Pale Yellow Clear Pale Yellow Clear Pale
Viscous Liquid Viscous Liquid Yellow Liquid
Density EN ISO 1675 g/cc 1.12 – 1.14 1.12 – 1.14 1.12 – 1.14
Gel time * minutes 12 – 18 12 – 18 10 – 15
Reactivity, 25°C minutes 14 – 24 14 – 24
to 35°C * (a)
Reactivity, minutes < 40 < 40
35°C to Peak EN ISO 2535
exotherm* (b)
b/a <2 <2
Peak Exotherm °C > 140 > 140 60 – 100
Temperature*
Viscosity* EN ISO 2555 cP 280 – 420 280 – 420 250 – 350
Brookfield
Viscometer
Non-Volatile EN ISO 3251 % 59 – 65 59 – 65 62 – 68
Content
Acid Value EN ISO 2114 mg KOH/g 16 – 24 16 – 24 17 – 23
* 100g Resin with 1% Cobalt Octoate All tests carried out at 25°C
Accelerator (Cobalt Metal Content
of 1%) and 1.5% MEKP (9% Active
Oxygen, Eg.: Butanox M-50 or
equivalent) OR As suggested by the
Resin Manufacturer
32

Table A5: Orthophthalate Unsaturated Polyester Cast Resin Properties

Barcol EN 59 - > 35 > 35 > 35
Hardness
Density ISO 1183 g/cc 1.19 – 1.21 1.19 – 1.21 1.19 – 1.21
Tensile MPa ≥ 60 ≥ 60 ≥ 65
Strength
Elongation % ≥ 2.0 ≥ 2.0 ≥ 3.0
EN ISO 527-2
at Break
Tensile GPa ≥ 3.5 ≥ 3.5 ≥ 3.6
Modulus
Flexural MPa ≥ 90 ≥ 90 ≥ 120
Strength
EN ISO 178
Flexural GPa ≥ 3.5 ≥ 3.5 ≥ 3.6
Modulus
Heat EN ISO 75-2 °C ≥ 70 ≥ 70 ≥ 75
Deflection Method A
Temperature
Water EN ISO 62 % w/w < 0.25 < 0.25 < 0.25
Absorption
24 hours
Table A6: Orthophthalate Unsaturated Polyester Laminate Properties1,2
Properties Test Method Unit Dry Value Wet Value3

Barcol Hardness EN 59 - ≥ 34 ≥ 34
Glass Content - % 30 – 45 30 – 45
Tensile Strength ISO 527-4 MPa ≥ 90 ≥ 67
Tensile secant GPa ≥ 6.9 ≥ 5.2
modulus
Flexural Strength MPa ≥ 160 ≥ 120
Flexural Modulus ISO 14125 GPa ≥ 5.7 ≥ 4.28
Compressive MPa ≥ 117 NR4
Strength
Compressive ISO 14126 Method A GPa ≥6 NR4
modulus
Inter-laminar ISO 14130 MPa 15 – 18 11.25 – 13.5
Shear Strength
Water Absorption ISO 62 - 70 mg maximum NR4
• Laminates with Chopped Strand Mat Only.

• Minimum Values for Properties of Laminate & valid for a maximum Glass Content of 45%. Laminates for testing of Dry and Wet
value tests should be same.
• Test specimens immersed in distilled water at 35±2°C for 28 days, cooled to room temperature in distilled water for 30
minutes, dried with a cloth and tested within one hour.
• NR: Not Required
33

2.2.3.2 Isophthalate Polyester Resin
Table A7: Isophthalate Unsaturated Polyester Liquid Resin Properties

Appearance Visual - Clear Pale Yellow Clear Pale Yellow Clear Pale
Viscous Liquid Liquid Yellow Liquid
Gel time* minutes 12 – 18 12 – 18 10 – 15
Reactivity, 25°C minutes 14 – 24 14 – 24
to 35°C* (a)
Reactivity, minutes < 40 < 40
35°C to Peak EN ISO 2535
exotherm* (b)
b/a <2 <2
Peak Exotherm °C > 140 > 140 60 – 100
Temperature*
Viscosity EN ISO 2555 cP 280 – 420 280 – 420 400 – 500
Brookfield
Viscometer
Non-Volatile EN ISO 3251 % 59 – 65 59 – 65 40 – 45
Content
Acid Value EN ISO 2114 mg KOH/g 7 – 15 7 – 15 7 – 15
* 100g Resin with 1% Cobalt All tests carried out at 25°C
Octoate Accelerator (Cobalt
Metal Content of 1%) and 1.5%
MEKP (9% Active Oxygen, Eg.:
Butanox M-50 or equivalent)
OR As suggested by the Resin
Manufacturer
Table A8: Isophthalate Unsaturated Polyester Cast Resin Properties

Barcol Hardness EN 59 - > 35 > 35 30 – 40
Density ISO 1183 g/cc 1.19 – 1.21 1.19 – 1.21 1.19 – 1.21
Tensile Strength MPa ≥ 60 ≥ 60 40 – 50
Elongation at % ≥ 2.0 ≥ 2.0 > 35
EN ISO 527-2
Break
Tensile Modulus GPa ≥ 3.5 ≥ 3.5 1.5 – 2.5
Flexural Strength MPa ≥ 90 ≥ 90 60 - 80
EN ISO 178
Flexural Modulus GPa ≥ 3.5 ≥ 3.5 1.5 – 2.5
Heat Deflection EN ISO 75-2 °C ≥ 80 ≥ 80 > 50
Temperature Method A
Water Absorption EN ISO 62 % w/w < 0.2 < 0.2 < 0.2
24 hours
34

Table A9: Isophthalate Unsaturated Polyester Laminate Properties1,2
Properties Test Methods Unit Dry Value Wet Value3

Glass Content - % 30 – 45 30 – 45
Tensile secant ISO 527-4 GPa ≥ 6.9 ≥ 5.2
modulus
Flexural Strength ISO 14125 MPa ≥ 160 ≥ 120
Compressive MPa ≥ 117 NR4
Strength ISO 14126
Compressive Method A GPa ≥6 NR4
modulus
Inter-laminar Shear ISO 14130 MPa 15 – 18 11.25 – 13.5
Strength
Water Absorption ISO 62 70 mg maximum NR4

• Minimum Values for Properties of Laminate & valid for a maximum Glass Content of 45%. Laminates for testing of Dry and Wet
value tests should be same.
2.2.3.3 Vinyl Ester Resin
Table A10: Vinyl Ester Liquid Resin Properties
Properties Test Methods Unit Continuous Helical Filament Centrifugal

Filament Winding Winding Casting
Appearance Visual - Viscous Clear Viscous Clear Light Yellow
slight Yellow slight Yellow /Light Green
Liquid Liquid Liquid
Gel time* minutes 10 – 20 10 – 20 20 – 30
Time to peak minutes 15 – 25 15 – 25 40 – 60
Exotherm* EN ISO 2535
Peak Exotherm °C > 160 > 160 100 – 150
Temperature*
Viscosity Brookfield EN ISO 2555 cP 260 – 480 260 – 480 400 – 600
Viscometer
Non-Volatile Content EN ISO 3251 % 52 – 58 52 – 58 58 – 62
Acid Value EN ISO 2114 mg KOH/g 7 – 11 7 – 11 > 15

* 100g Resin with 20% DMA solution in All tests carried out at 25°C
Styrene, 1% Cobalt Octoate Accelerator
(Cobalt Metal Content of 1%) and 1.5%
MEKP (9% Active Oxygen, Eg.: Butanox
M-50 or equivalent) OR As suggested by
the Resin Manufacturer
35

Table A11: Vinyl Ester Cast Resin Properties
Barcol Hardness EN 59 - > 35 > 35 30 – 40
Density ISO 1183 g/cc 1.12 – 1.16 1.12 – 1.16 1.10
Tensile Strength MPa ≥ 75 ≥ 75 ≥ 10
Elongation at % ≥ 4.0 ≥ 4.0 8 - 12
EN ISO 527-2
Break
Tensile Modulus GPa ≥ 3.3 ≥ 3.3 2.0 - 3.0
Flexural Strength MPa ≥ 130 ≥ 130 100 - 120
EN ISO 178
Flexural Modulus GPa ≥ 3.4 ≥ 3.4 1.5 – 2.5
Heat Deflection EN ISO 75-2 °C ≥ 100 ≥ 100 > 50
Temperature Method A
Water Absorption EN ISO 62 % w/w < 0.10 < 0.10 < 0.15
24 hours
Table A12: Vinyl Ester Laminate Properties1,2
Properties Test Methods Unit Dry Value Wet Value3

Glass Content - % 30 – 45 30 – 45
Tensile secant ISO 527-4 GPa ≥ 6.9 ≥ 5.2
modulus
Flexural Strength ISO 14125 MPa ≥ 160 ≥ 120
Compressive ISO 14126 MPa ≥ 117 NR4
Strength Method A
Compressive ISO 14126 GPa ≥6 NR4
modulus Method A
Inter-laminar Shear ISO 14130 MPa 15 – 18 11.25 – 13.5
Strength
Water Absorption ISO 62 70 mg maximum NR4

• Minimum Values for Properties of Laminate & valid for a maximum Glass Content of 45%. Laminates for Dry and Wet value tests
should be same.
36

3. General Notes: Qualification, Approval and Registration / Certification of
Different Grades of Resin
Individual product grades need to be Qualified and Supplied for production of pipes by
various production methods. This would be product approval type testing and registration /
certification for use in pipe manufacturing, accredited by TPI. Relevant data and quality norms
would be maintained by the Registration Authority.
3.1 Validity of Approval

• Initial approval, where granted, will be for a period of five years. Thereafter, approval
may be extended for successive periods of five years, following re-testing and the
submission of satisfactory test data.
• The approval will be limited to a nominated site of manufacture. Where the product is
manufactured at other sites, these are to be approved separately.
3.2 Withdrawal of Approval

• Approval is given on the assumption that production material, when examined, will
exhibit similar test results to those submitted, allowing for normal batch to batch
variation.
• Approval is contingent on the adherence to the stated specification. Approval will be
withdrawn if:
a) The properties of the resin are found to deviate significantly from those on which the
approval was originally granted.
b) The resin proves to be intractable in use.
c) The quality control procedures are not adhered to consistently.
d) The manufacturer makes changes to the formulation, product name or reference

number without notifying Registration Authority.
37

Initiative Contributors
R
Conveying Fluids Efficiently!

www.cppiping.com
––
MFGIL
38

39

The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) works to create and sustain an environment
conducive to the development of India, partnering industry, Government, and civil society,
through advisory and consultative processes.
CII is a non-government, not-for-profit, industry-led and industry-managed organization,
playing a proactive role in India’s development process. Founded in 1895, India’s premier
business association has around 9000 members, from the private as well as public sectors,
including SMEs and MNCs, and an indirect membership of over 300,000 enterprises from
around 265 national and regional sectoral industry bodies.
CII charts change by working closely with Government on policy issues, interfacing with
thought leaders, and enhancing efficiency, competitiveness and business opportunities
for industry through a range of specialized services and strategic global linkages. It also
provides a platform for consensus-building and networking on key issues.
Extending its agenda beyond business, CII assists industry to identify and execute
corporate citizenship programmes. Partnerships with civil society organizations carry
forward corporate initiatives for integrated and inclusive development across diverse
domains including affirmative action, healthcare, education, livelihood, diversity
management, skill development, empowerment of women, and water, to name a few.
As a developmental institution working towards India’s overall growth with a special focus
on India@75 in 2022, the CII theme for 2018-19, India RISE : Responsible. Inclusive.
Sustainable. Entrepreneurial emphasizes Industry’s role in partnering Government to
accelerate India’s growth and development. The focus will be on key enablers such as
job creation; skill development; financing growth; promoting next gen manufacturing;
sustainability; corporate social responsibility and governance and transparency.
With 65 offices, including 9 Centres of Excellence, in India, and 11 overseas offices in
Australia, China, Dubai, Egypt, France, Germany, Iran, Singapore, South Africa, UK,
and USA, as well as institutional partnerships with 355 counterpart organizations in 126
countries, CII serves as a reference point for Indian industry and the international business
community.
Confederation of Indian Industry

The Mantosh Sondhi Centre
23, Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi – 110 003 (India)
T: 91 11 45771000 / 24629994-7 • F: 91 11 24626149
E: info@cii.in • W: www.cii.in
Follow us on :
cii.in/facebook cii.in/twitter cii.in/youtube cii.in/linkedin
Reach us via our Membership Helpline: 00-91-124-4592966 / 00-91-99104 46244
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1

Gloss Reinforced Plastics (GRP) Report.indd 1 20-08-2018 16:47:02

Gloss Reinforced Plastics (GRP) Report.indd 2 20-08-2018 16:47:03

Gloss Reinforced Plastics (GRP) Report.indd 3 20-08-2018 16:47:03

Copyright © (2018) Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). All rights reserved.

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Gloss Reinforced Plastics (GRP) Report.indd 6 20-08-2018 16:47:03

2 Codes and Standards........................................................................................................3

3 Manufacturer Qualification Criteria....................................................................................5

4 Submittals for Manufacturer/ Contractor Qualification Criteria.........................................6

5 Raw Material Requirements...............................................................................................7

8 Inspection and Test Plan (ITP) for Pipe and Fittings........................................................13

9 GRP Fittings and Specials...............................................................................................15

13 Transportation and Delivery of Pipe.................................................................................19

14 Lowering, Laying & Bedding of GRP Pipe ......................................................................20

15 Checking the Installed Pipe ............................................................................................22

16 Qualification Criteria for Contactor..................................................................................24

17 Field Hydrostatic Test......................................................................................................25

18 Annual Maintenance Contract (AMC) – Terms & Conditions...........................................26

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Condition / Project requirement Criteria

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5.2 Curing Additives for Resins

S. No. Curing Additives Additives

5.3 Glass Fiber Reinforcement

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5.4 Other Additives

5.4.2 Paraffin wax

5.4.3 Ultraviolet absorbers (UV Stabilizers)

5.4.5 Surface active agents

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Liner /Corrosion Barrier Structural Layer External Layer

• For saline soil, external layer shall be with Isophthalic resin.

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6.2 Reinforcement/Structural Layer

6.3 External Layer

6.4 Pipe Composition

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7.1 Nominal Diameters

7.3 Wall Thickness

7.4 Pressure Class & Stiffness Class

Table 6: Guideline for Selection of Stiffness Class

Depth of Burial (from top of pipe)

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7.6 Hydrostatic Testing

7.7 Hoop and Longitudinal Tensile Strength

7.8 Barcol Hardness of Pipe

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I Viscosity Resin specification 1 Per Batch R

I Tex/GSM Glass fiber spec. 1 Per Batch R

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S. No. Name of Laboratory Location Availability of Testing Facility

• Alignment with laboratory to be done before sending any sample.

8.2 List of Third-Party Inspection Agency

S. No. Name of Agency Location

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9.2 Fittings made from Pipe (Mitered Fittings)