Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ADVANTAGES OF
ELECTRIC MOBILITY
Eng. Tariq Bushnaq
Bsc. Msc. EE, CEMPA
Founding member of Jordan EV association
May 2020
Outline
◦ EV brief history
◦ EV terminology
◦ EV technology
◦ EV future trajectory
◦ EV and energy de-carbonization
◦ EV and grid stability
◦ Smart charging and V2G
◦ EV statistics in Jordan
EV Brief History
◦ the first successful electric car created 1890 by William Morrison, from Iowa USA, six-passenger vehicle capable of a
top speed of 14 miles per hour
◦ By 1900, electric cars were accounting for around a third of all vehicles on the road.
◦ In 1908, Henry Ford’s mass-produced the gasoline powered Model T, which took the electric car by storm. the Model
T made gasoline-powered cars widely available and affordable. By 1912, the gasoline car cost only $650, while an
electric roadster sold for $1,750
◦ 1970s. Soaring oil prices and gasoline shortages created a growing interest in lowering the U.S.’s dependence on
foreign oil. Congress passed the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1976,
authorizing the Energy Department to support research and development in electric and hybrid vehicles.
◦ In 1971. NASA introduced its electric Lunar rover , which became the first manned vehicle to drive on the moon
EV Brief History Cont.
◦ The passage of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment and the 1992 Energy Policy Act helped create a renewed interest in
electric vehicles in the U.S.
◦ In 1996 GM produced the EV1With a range of 80 miles
◦ In 1997 Toyota introduced the Prius. The Prius became the world’s first mass-produced hybrid electric vehicle
◦ in 2006 a small Silicon Valley startup, Tesla Motors, would start producing a luxury electric sports car that could go
more than 200 miles on a single charge.
◦ In late 2010, the Chevy Volt and the Nissan LEAF were released in the U.S. market
EV Terminology
◦ HEV = Hybrid electric vehicle
◦ PHEV = plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
◦ BEV = Battery Electric Vehicle
◦ ICE = Internal Combustion Engine
◦ LDV: light Duty Vehicle
◦ LCV: Light Commercial Vehicle
EV Technology
◦ The key components of a Battery Electric Vehicle are:
◦ Electric motor
◦ Inverter
◦ Battery
◦ Battery charger
◦ Controller
◦ Charging cable
EV Technology Cont.
◦ Power is converted from the DC battery to AC
for the electric motor
◦ The accelerator pedal sends a signal to the
controller which adjusts the vehicle's speed by
changing the frequency of the AC power from
the inverter to the motor
◦ The motor connects and turns the wheels
◦ When the brakes are pressed or the car is
decelerating, the motor becomes an alternator
and produces power, which is sent back to the
battery
EV future Trajectory
◦ global electric car fleet exceeded 5.1 million in 2018, up by 2 million since 2017
◦ The number of EV chargers continued to rise in 2018 to an estimated 5.2 million worldwide for light-duty vehicles
(LDVs). Most are slow chargers (levels 1 and 2 at homes and workplaces),
◦ The global EV fleet consumed an estimated 58 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity in 2018, similar to the total
electricity demand of Switzerland in 2017.
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EV future
Trajectory Cont.
Global electric car sales and
market share
EV future trajectory Cont.
◦ According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) In the New Policies Scenario, the
expectations of EV share of all new vehicle sale at 2030 are:
◦ China : %57
◦ Europe: %26
◦ Japan: %21
◦ North America %29
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EV future
Trajectory Cont.
EV stock according to New
Policies scenario
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EV future
Trajectory Cont.
EV sales divided by country
according to the new policies
scenario
EV future Trajectory Cont.
◦ Projected growth of EVs across all modes will impact growth in oil demand for road transport.
◦ In the New Policies Scenario, the projected global EV stock is estimated to avoid 127 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe)
(around 2.5 million barrels per day [mb/d]) of oil product demand in 2030.
◦ Electricity demand to serve EVs is expected to experience significant growth.
◦ In the New Policies Scenario, electricity demand from the global EV fleet is projected to reach almost 640 TWh in 2030. Ten-
fold increase compared to 2018 levels (58 TWh)
◦ it is equivalent to the combined final electricity consumption of France and Spain in 2016.
◦ Slow chargers (mostly private LDV chargers) account for more than 60% of the total electricity consumed globally to charge
EVs
EV and energy de-carbonization
EV and grid
stability Cont.
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EV and grid
stability
Matching load curve to energy
production curve
Smart Charging and V2G
◦ With uncontrolled charging, Evs could drive incremental needs for peak power generation and
transmission capacity.
◦ Understanding the extent to which power systems can be impacted depends on total annual electricity
demand EVs, the impact of daily charging patterns on load profiles, location power levels used for
charging.
◦ V2G stands for “vehicle-to-grid” and is a technology that enables energy to be pushed back to the power
grid from the battery of an electric car. With vehicle-to-grid technology, a car battery can be charged and
discharged based on different signals — such as energy production or consumption nearby.
EV statistics in Jordan