[Property Law] [Page 1 of 22]

Property Law
Unit1 The Transfer of Property Act, 1882

Unit2 The Transfer of Property Act, 1882

Unit3 The Transfer of Property Act, 1882

Unit4 The Transfer of Property Act, 1882

Unit5 The Indian Trusts Act, 1882

Unit1
Y# # Quest

2019/J 1 Define the “Transfer of Property” and state the properties which cannot be transferred.

2019/J 2 Explain the concept of “Immovable property” and “Transfer of property”

2019/J 3 ‘A’ grandson of ‘B’ is expecting legacy under ‘B’s will. During the life time of ‘B’, ‘A’ transfers his
expectancy to ‘C’. Is it valid? Decide.

2019/J 4 ‘A’ transfers property to ‘B’ on condition that he shall touch the sky with his little finger. Is this
transfer valid?

2019/ 1 Define the “Transfer of Property”. State whether partition, surrender, compromise and gift amounts
D to transfer under the act

2019/ 2 Discuss the law relating to the transfer of property made for the benefit of unborn person.
D

2019/ 3 Immovable Property

D

2019/ 4 Oral transfer

D

PYQ Questions

G U01Q01).Kinds of Properties

Y U01Q02).Transfer of Property

G U01Q03).Essentials of valid transfer (General)

G U01Q04).Essentials of valid transfer (Immovable Property alone)

Y U01Q05).Properties cannot be transferred (General)

Y U01Q06).Immovable property-Transferable

Y U01Q07).Acts Amounting to No Transfer of Property

Y U01Q08).Transfer Of Property For The Benefit Of Unborn Person And Rule Against Perpetuity

Y U01Q09).Oral transfer

U01Q01).Kinds of Properties
Synopsis:
 [Property Law] [Page 2 of 22]

1).Introduction
2).Meaning and Definition
2.1).In widest sense
2.2).In narrower sense
2.3).In another sense
2.4).According to Sir John Austin
2.5).According to Bentham
3).Kinds:
3.1).Corporeal Property (dominium corporis)
3.2).Incorporeal Property (dominium juris)
3.2.1).Jura in re propria Over Material things
3.2.2).Jura in re Aliena encumbrances, whether over material or immaterial things
3.3).Movable Property
3.4).Immovable property. (Land and buildings)
3.4.1).According to the General Clauses Act, 1897:
3.4.2).According to the Indian Regulation Act:
3.4.3).Section 3 Para 2 of the Transfer of Property Act 1882:
3.4.4).According to Salmond:
3.4.5).Examples for Immovable property
3.5).Diff b/w Movable and Immovable property
3.6).Real Property
3.7).Personal Property
3.8).Real and personal V/s Immovable or movable
3.9).Public property:
3.10).Private property

U01Q02).Transfer of Property
Synopsis:
1).Meaning
2).Contents of definition
2.1).an act by which
2.2).a living person
2.3).conveys property
2.4).in present or in future
2.5).to one or more other living persons
2.6).to himself and one or more other living persons
2.7).to transfer property
3).Object of the Transfer of Property Act

U01Q03).Essentials of valid transfer (General)

Synopsis:
1).Transfer must be between two or more living Persons (Section.5)
2).The property must be transferable (Section. 6)
3).The Transfer must not be
3.1).Opposed the section-6(h) of TOPA, 1882
3.2).Unlawful as specified in sec-23 of ICA,1872
3.3).Legally disqualified as per sec-136 of TOPA,1882
4).Persons competent to transfer (Section.7)
4.1).Competent to contract:
4.2).Sound mind
4.3).Disqualified person
4.4).Transferor must be entitled to transferable property
5).The Transfer must be made in the mode prescribed by the Act, under section 9
6).If on transfer an interest in created in favour of an Unborn person - under section 13
7).The Transfer must not be contrary to the rule against perpetuity (section 14)
8).Conditional transfer
9).Case laws
9.1).Sadiq Ali Khan Vs. Jai kishore,1928
9.2).Amina Bibi vs Saiyid Yousuf 1922
9.3).K Kamama Vs. Appana
 [Property Law] [Page 3 of 22]

U01Q04).Essentials of valid transfer (Immovable Property alone)

Synopsis:
1).An individual must carry out the process of transfer
2).The transfer must be through a conveyance
3).The property should be transferred as a whole
4).The transfer must be by a living or juristic person
5).It must be made to a living or a juristic person
5.1).As per 6 of TOPA
5.2).As per Section 7 of TOPA
5.3).as per Section-6(h)(3) of TOPA
5.4).as per Section-9 of TOPA
6).The transfer can happen through an exchange, gifts and actionable claims.

U01Q05).Properties cannot be transferred (General)

Synopsis:
1).Spes-Successionis:
1.1).the chance of an heir-apparent succeeding to an estate; or
1.2).the chance of a relation obtaining a legacy on the death of a kinsman: or
1.3).any other mere possibility of a like nature
1.4).Case law:
<Annada Mohan Roy v. Gom Mohan Mullick>
<Karpagathachi v. Nagarathinathachi>
2).Mere right of re-entry:
3).Easement apart from dominant heritage:
4).Restricted interest:
5).Right to future maintenance
6).Mere right to sue
7).Public office and Salary of public office
8).Pension and stipends
9).Transfer opposed to nature of interest etc
10).transferable right of occupancy

U01Q06).Immovable property-Transferable
Synopsis:
1).Sale
2).Mortgage
3).Charge
4).Lease
5).Transfer can also take place through exchange, gifts and actionable claims
6).Immovable property can also be transferred by way of law
7).Benefits arising out of land can be transferred:
8).Family arrangement may be transferred

U01Q07).Acts amounting to No Transfer of Property

Synopsis:
1).Introduction:
2).Acts not amounting to transfer of property
2.1).Partition:
2.1.1).why Partition is not a transfer?
2.1.2).Partitions amounts to transfer-Case law
2.1.3).Partitions not amounts to transfer-Case law
2.1.4).Diff b/w Partition and Transfer-Case law
2.2).Relinquishment
2.2.1).What is Relinquishment?
2.2.2).Relinquishment not amount to transfer - Case laws:
2.2.3).Relinquishment amount to transfer - Case laws:
2.3).Surrender
2.3.1).What is surrender:
2.3.2).Case law:
 [Property Law] [Page 4 of 22]

2.4).Easement (immovable)
2.4.1).What is Easement?
2.4.2).Case laws
2.5).Will (immovable)
2.5.1).What is will?
2.5.2).Why will is not considered as transferred?
2.6).Compromise (immovable)
2.6.1).What is Compromise?
2.6.2).Compromise-amount to transfer-case laws:
2.7).Family Settlement
2.7.1).What is Family Settlement?
2.7.2).Case law:
2.8).Charge (Immovable)
2.8.1).What is charge?
2.8.2).Case law:
2.9).Auction sale (immovable)

U01Q08).Transfer Of Property For The Benefit Of Unborn Person and Rule against Perpetuity
Synopsis:
1).General Rule of Transfer of property
2).Exception in General Rule
2.1).Introduction:
2.2).Illustrations to understand exceptional rules
2.2.1).Illustrations:
2.2.2).Analyze on Illustrations
2.3).Rule For Transfer Of Property For The Benefit Of Unborn Person
2.4).Applicability:
2.5).Principle underlying Section 13
2.6).Essential Elements of Section 13/Rules underlying Section 13
2.6.1).No Direct Transfer
2.6.2).Prior Interest
2.6.3).Absolute Interest
2.7).Illustrations
2.7.1).Illustration-1:
2.7.2).Illustration-1:
2.7.3).Illustration-1:
2.7.4).Illustration-1:
2.8).When an Unborn Person Acquires Vested Interest
2.9).Views of the Apex Court in Reference to the Transfer to Unborn Person
2.10).What are the essential conditions for the transfer in favor of unborn person as per TOPA?
2.11).What are the legal consequences of ‘Transfer for benefit of unborn person’?
2.12).Rule Against Perpetuity
2.13).Analysis Of Provisions (Sec-13,14 of TOPA,1882)
2.14).Other Relevant Provisions (Sec-113,114 ISA,1925)
2.15).Rules Simplified (summary of sec-13,14)

U01Q09).Oral transfer
Synopsis:
1).Understanding the provisions of Transfer of Property Act
2).Oral transfer of Property under the Transfer of Property Act
2.1).Definition
2.2).Case laws
3).An analysis of Oral Transfer of Property (Section 9 of the Transfer of Property Act)
3.1).Interpretation of Statutes
3.2).Provision of Oral Transfer of property at the time of the marriage
4).Analyzing different sections with relation to section 9 of the Transfer of Property Act
4.1).Section-54
4.2).Section-59
4.3).Section-107
4.4).Section-130
 [Property Law] [Page 5 of 22]

5).Case points and case laws:

5.1).No writing is required
5.2).Writing necessary
5.3).Coming to oral gifts
5.4).Oral Family settlements
5.5).Oral Family arrangements

Unit2
Y# # Quest

2019/J 1 Discuss fully the law relating to transfer by ostensible owner

2019/J 2 State the provisions governing the transfer made during the pendency of litigation

2019/J 3 Doctrine of apportionment

2019/J 4 Doctrine of election

2019/ 1 A person who accepts the benefits from the instrument shall also take the burden of it. Discuss
D [Doctrine of election]

2019/ 2 Explain the doctrine of part-performance and state the essentials of it

D

2019/ 3 Ostensible owner

D

2019/ 4 Doctrine of Acceleration [Conditional Transfer (Sec-25 to 34)]

D

PYQ Questions

Y U02Q01).Doctrine of Acceleration [Sec-25 to 34 especially Sec-27]

Y U02Q02).Doctrine of election [Sec-35]

Y U02Q03).Doctrine of apportionment [Sec-36, 37]

Y U02Q04).Transfer by ostensible owner [Sec-41] (Similar to Doctrine of estoppel)

Y U02Q05).Doctrine of Lis Pendens [Sec-52]/(Transfer during pendency of litigation [Assignment])

Y U02Q06).Doctrine of part-performance [Sec-53A] (Equitable Estoppel)

U02Q01).Doctrine of Acceleration [Sec-25 to 34 especially Sec-27]

Synopsis:
1).Conditional Transfers [Sec-25]
1.1).What is conditional transfer?
1.2).When conditional transfer is invalid?
1.3).Illustrations:
2).Types of Conditions on Transfer
2.1).Condition Precedent [Sec-26: Fulfillments of condition precedent]
2.1.1).Section-26 (As it is)
2.1.2).Understanding this section
2.1.3).Illustration:
2.1.4).Case law:
2.1.5).Strength:
2.1.6).Weakness:
2.1.7).Concerns for Condition Precedent
 [Property Law] [Page 6 of 22]

2.2).Condition Subsequent [Sec-29: Fullfilment of Condition Subsequent]

2.2.1).Section-29 (As it is)
2.2.2).Understanding this section
2.2.3).Examples:
2.2.4).Illustration:
2.2.5).Strength
2.2.6).Weakness
2.2.7).Concerns for Condition Subsequent
3).Types of Transfers of Condition Subsequent
3.1).Condition Collateral
3.2).Subsequent Transfers/Doctrine of Acceleration [Sec-27]
3.2.1).Section-27 (As it is)
3.2.2).Section-27 (Simplified)
3.2.3).Understanding this section
3.2.4).Illustration:
3.2.5).Strength
3.2.6).Weakness
3.2.7).Doctrine of Acceleration
3.2.8).Case law for Doctrine of Acceleration
3.2.9).Exception in this section
3.3).Condition for Ulterior disposition/Conditional Limitation [Sec-28]
3.3.1).Section-28 (As it is)
3.3.2).Section-28 (Simplified)
3.3.3).Understanding this section
3.3.4).Strength
3.3.5).Weakness
3.3.6).Condition Limitation
3.3.7).Example for Condition Limitation:
3.4).Prior disposition not affected by invalidity of ulterior disposition [Sec-30]
3.4.1).Section-30 (As it is)
3.4.2).Understanding this section
3.4.3).Illustration:
3.4.4).Strength
3.4.7).Weakness
3.5).Condition that transfer to effect in specified uncertain events [Sec-31]
3.5.1).Section-31 (As it is)
3.5.2).Section-31 (Simplified)
3.5.3).Understanding this section
3.5.4).Illustrations
3.5.5).Case law:
3.5.6).Strength
3.5.7).Weakness
3.5.8).Concerns for this section
3.6).Condition invalid or prohibited [Sec-32]
3.6.1).Section-32 (As it is)
3.6.2).Understanding this section
3.6.3).Strength
3.7).Conditional on Performance-time not specified [Sec-33]
3.7.1).Section-33 (As it is)
3.7.2).Understanding this section
3.8).Conditional on Performance-time specified [Sec-34]
3.8.1).Section-34 (As it is)
3.8.2).Understanding this section
3.8.3).Strength
3.8.4).Weakness

U02Q02).Doctrine of election [Sec-35]

Synopsis:
1).Introduction
2).Definition of Doctrine of election (Sec-35, as it is)
 [Property Law] [Page 7 of 22]

3).Meaning/Understanding of Doctrine of election?

4).Essential conditions/Rules of Doctrine of election
4.1).Illustration to explain the essentials/conditions
4.2).Conditions:
4.2.1).The transferor should dispose of the property in which he has no right to transfer:
4.2.2).The transferor must confer a benefit to the real owner of the property:
4.2.3).Both benefits conferred and transfer made must be part of same transaction/document:
4.2.4).Choice of election either to accept benefit and allow transfer /to reject both
4.3).Other important Conditions:
4.3.1).Proprietary Interest
4.3.2).Donor’s Intention
4.3.3).Indirect Benefit
4.3.4).Difference in Capacity
4.3.5).Modes of Election
5).Other details:
5.1).Applicability
5.2). Doctrine of election and Principle of equity:
5.3).Effect of election against the transfer
5.4).What are the rights available to Disappointed transferee?
5.5).Exception
5.6).Time limit for election
5.7).Strength
5.8).Weakness

U02Q03).Doctrine of apportionment [Sec-36, 37]

Synopsis:
1).Meaning of apportionment?
2).Types of apportionment
3).Apportionment by time (sec-36)
3.1).Definition (Sec-36,as it is)
3.2).Understanding the apportionment by time
3.3).Examples:
3.4).Other Details
3.5).Case laws
4).Apportionment by estate (section -37)
4.1).Definition (Sec-37, as it is)
4.2).Understanding Apportionment by estate:
4.3).Conditions required to apply the rule "apportionment by estate":
4.3.1).Burden under this section must have notice of the same
4.3.2).The obligation should be of a character which can be severed.
4.3.3).The Obligation should not end up increasing the burden of the obligation.
4.4).Example:
4.5).Other Details
4.5.1).leases for agricultural purposes:
4.5.2).Burden of obligation:
4.5.3).This section along with other sections:
4.5.4).Benefit of any obligation:
4.5.5).When a property is sold by a lesser:
4.5.6).No substantial increase of burden:
4.5.7).Property divided and held in shares:
4.5.8).Lease under 109
4.6).Case laws

U02Q04).Transfer by ostensible owner [Sec-41] (Similar to Doctrine of estoppel)

Synopsis:
1).Meaning of ostensible owner
1.1).Meaning
1.2).Example
1.3).Persons who cannot be ostensible owners
2).Definition of ostensible owner
 [Property Law] [Page 8 of 22]

2.1).Transfer by ostensible owner [Sec-41, as it is]

2.2).Transfer by ostensible owner [Sec-41, Explanation]
3).Essentials of Section-41/Transfer by ostensible owner:
3.1).Consent of the real owner
3.2).Transfer is with consideration
3.3).Transferee acts in good- faith
3.4).Reasonable care of the transferee
3.5).Proper Inquiry
3.6).Burden of proof
4).Other details regarding Transfer by ostensible owner
4.1).Ostensible owner and Nemo dat quod non habet
4.2).Benami Transaction and burden of proof
4.3).Ostensible owner and estoppel
4.4).Conditions required for ostensible owner
4.5).To determine whether a person is ostensible or not
4.6).To determine whether a transfer is made by an ostensible owner
4.7). Statutory Change:
4.8).Basis of Section-41:
4.9).Principle of Ostensible Owner
4.10).Ostensible owner has all rights of real owner:
4.11).Manager cannot be a ostensible owner:
4.12).Illegitimate child cannot be a ostensible owner
4.13).Transfer property with good faith and reasonable care
4.14).Karta cannot be an ostensible owner
4.15).To decides whether a person is an ostensible owner or not:
4.16).Burden of Proof:

U02Q05).Doctrine of Lis Pendens [Sec-52]/(Transfer during pendency of litigation [assignment])

Synopsis:
1).Introduction
2).History of Lis Pendens
2).Definition of Transfer of property pending suit relating thereto [Sec-52, as it is]
2.1).Definition
2.2).Explanation
3).Basis of Lis Pendens
4).Principle of Lis Pendens
5).Applicability
6).Aims/Objects of Lis Pendens
7).The basic ingredients of the doctrine of Lis Pendens
7.1).Pendency of Suite:
7.2).Pendency of Suite should be in a court of competent jurisdiction.
7.3).The suit must be relating to the right in a specific immovable property.
7.4).The suit should not be collusive.
7.5).Property should not be transferred or otherwise dealt with.
7.6).By any party to the suit.
7.7).So as to affect the right of any party thereto
7.8).Till the final disposal of the case
7.9).Illustration (for all points together):
8).Conditions required to apply the section-52/Lis pendens
9).Other details with case law [Judicial Explanations]
10).Other details (without case law)
11).Non – Applicability of Doctrine of Lis Pendens
12).Recommendations by the Law Commission in its 157th report
13).Amendment to Indian registration (Bombay Amendment Act 1939)
14).Other Illustration:
15).FAQ:
Q1. What are the essential conditions for lis pendent to apply?
Q2. Is there any exception to the doctrine of lis pendent? If yes, Explain with the help of case law.
Q3. What is involuntary transfer in context of doctrine of lis pendent?
Q4. Doctrine of lis pendent based on equity, good conscience and justice. Comment
 [Property Law] [Page 9 of 22]

16).Conclusion:
17).References:

U02Q06).Doctrine of part-performance [Sec-53A] (Equitable Estoppel)

Synopsis:
1).Introduction:
2).History:
3).Part performance [Sec-53A] (As it is)
4).Part performance [Sec-53A] (Explanation)
5).Illustrations to understand the Part performance:
6).Essentials (sine qua non) Of the Doctrine of Part Performance-v1
6.1).There must be a transfer for immovable property:
6.2).There must be a written contract for transfer of an immovable property:
6.3).There must be consideration;
6.4).The contracts should give out the terms of the transfer with reasonable certainty
6.5). Possession by the transferee:
6.6).Act done in furtherance of the contract
6.7).Willingness on the part of the transferee to fulfill his part of the contract:
6.8).Rights of a bona fide transferee no affected:
6.9).Equity is followed under the doctrine:
7).Essentials (sine qua non) Of the Doctrine of Part Performance-v2
7.1).Contract for Transfer of immovable property:
7.2).The transferee takes possession of the property under this contract
7.3).The transferee has either performed his part of contract or is willing to perform the same
8).Essentials (sine qua non) Of the Doctrine of Part Performance-v3
8.1).Contract for Transfer of immovable property:
8.1.1) Written contract:
8.1.2) Valid Contract:
8.1.3) Immovable property:
8.2).Transfer for consideration:
8.3).Possession in furtherance of Contract:
8.4).Some Act in furtherance of the contract:
8.5).Transferee is willing to perform his part of contract:
9).The objective behind the rule of part performance
10).Other details for part performances:
11).Recap of doctrine of part-performance
12).FAQ
13).References:

Unit3
Y# # Quest

2019/J 1 Define Mortgage. Explain the different type of Mortgage

2019/J 2 Explain the circumstances under which the Mortgages can sell the Mortgaged property without the
intervention of the court

2019/J 3 Discuss right of redemption

2019/J 4 What are the rights of a Mortgager

2019/ 1 Define sale and state the rights and liabilities of seller and buyer [Unit-4 as per syllabus]
D Define Mortgage. State rights & liabilities of mortgagor and mortgagee [Suppose to ask this quest]

2019/ 2 Define mortgage and state the kinds of mortgage

D

2019/ 3 Charges
D

2019/ 4 Discuss Rights of Redemption

 [Property Law] [Page 10 of 22]

PYQ Questions

Y U03Q01).Mortgage and Kinds [Sec-58-59A]

Y U03Q02).Rights of Mortgagor [Sec-60, 60A, 60B, 61, 62, 63,63A, 64,65A]

Right of Redemption [Sec-60]
[Exclude Sec-65, 66=Duties of Mortgagor]

Y U03Q03).Liabilities/Duties of Mortgagor [Sec-65, 66]

[Exclude Sec-65A=Rights of Mortgagor]

Y U03Q04).Rights of Mortgagee [Sec-67, 67A, 68, 69, 69A, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75]
Selling Mortgaged property without court intervention [Sec-69]

Y U03Q05).Liabilities/Duties of Mortgagee [Sec-76, 77]

Y U03Q06).Charges [Sec-100, 101]

U03Q01).Mortgage and Kinds [Sec-58-59A]

Synopsis:
1).Introduction
2).What is Mortgage?
3).Who all are the parties to Mortgage?
3.1).Mortgagor/Transferor/Borrower
3.2).Mortgagee/Transferee/Lender:
3.3).Mortgage- Money:
3.4).Mortgage- Deed:
4).How a Mortgage Works?
5).Characteristics of Mortgage
5.1).Mortgage is only for immovable property:
5.2).Mortgage is not a sale:
5.3).Mortgage is a security for the loan.
5.4).The property of mortgage is a defined one.
5.5).The property of mortgage need not always be transferred to the mortgagee.
5.6).Mortgage is a revoked by repayment:
5.7).The property of mortgage can be sellable
6).Essentials of a Mortgage:
6.1).Transfer of Interest:
6.2).Specific Immovable Property:
6.3).To Secure the Payment of a Loan:
7).What are the different types of Mortgages-v1?
7.1).Simple mortgage:
7.1.1).Definition as per sec-58(b):
7.1.2).Explanation for sec-58(b):
7.1.3).Essentials of simple mortgage
7.1.4).Characteristics of a simple Mortgage:
7.1.5).Case Laws:
7.2).Mortgage by conditional Sale:
7.2.1).Definition as per sec-58(c):
7.2.2).Explanation for sec-58(c):
7.2.3).Essentials of mortgaged by conditional sale:
7.2.4).Characteristics of Mortgage by Conditional Sale:
7.2.5).Case laws for sec-58(c):
7.2.6).Other info for Mortgages by sale
7.2.7).Conclusion (for Mortgage by Conditional Sale):
 [Property Law] [Page 11 of 22]

7.3).Usufructuary mortgage:
7.3.1).Definition as per sec-58(d):
7.3.2).Explanation for sec-58(d):
7.3.3).Essentials of Usufructuary mortgage
7.3.4).Characteristics of Usufructuary Mortgage:
7.3.5).Case Laws:
7.4).English mortgage:
7.4.1).Definition as per sec-58(e):
7.4.2).Explanation for sec-58(e):
7.4.3).Essentials of English mortgage
7.4.4).Characteristics of English Mortgage:
7.4.5).Case Laws:
7.5).Mortgage by deposit of title deeds:
7.5.1).Definition as per sec-58(f):
7.5.2).Explanation for sec-58(f):
7.5.3).Essentials of Mortgage by deposit of title-deeds
7.5.4).Characteristics of Mortgage by Deposit of Title deeds:
7.5.5).Case laws:
7.6).Anomalous mortgage:
7.6.1).Definition as per sec-58(g):
7.6.2).Explanation for sec-58(g):
7.6.3).Case laws:
7.6.4).Some of the forms of anomalous mortgages:
7.7).Additional type: Reverse Mortgage
8).What are the different types of Mortgages-v2?
8.1).Legal Mortgage
8.2).Equitable Mortgage
8.2.1).Meaning
8.2.2).Explanation
8.2.3).How is an equitable mortgage created?
8.2.4).Is it necessary to register an equitable mortgage?
8.2.5).Advantages
8.2.6).Disadvantages
8.3).Difference between Equitable Mortgage & Registered Mortgage
8.4). what banks Prefer equitable or registered mortgage?
9).Difference between ‘Mortgage by Conditional Sale’ and ‘Sale with a condition of Re-transfer’

U03Q02).Rights of Mortgagor [Sec-60, 60A, 60B, 61, 62, 63,63A, 64,65A]

Right of Redemption [Sec-60]
[Exclude Sec-65, 66=Duties of Mortgagor]
Synopsis:
1).Right to Redemption (section-60)
1.1).Meaning:
1.2).Subsequent rights of mortgagor:
1.3).Exercise of the right to redemption
1.4).English Law: Equity of redemptions
1.5).Indian Law:
1.6).Exceptions to the right / Extinguishment of Right of redemption [Sec-60]:
1.7).Effect of redemption
1.8).Other Case laws:
2).Obligation to transfer to the third party instead of transferring it to mortgagor (section-60A)
3).Right to inspection and production of documents (section-60B)
4).Right to Accession (section-63)
4.1).Meaning:
4.2).Type of accession
4.3).Accession by mortgagee
4.4).Accession by mortgagor
5).Right to Improvements (section-63A)
6).Right to Renewed Lease (section-64)
7).Right to grant a Lease (section-65A)
 [Property Law] [Page 12 of 22]

8).Waste by mortgagor in possession (Sec-66)

9).Other rights of Mortgagor

U03Q03).Liabilities/Duties of Mortgagor [Sec-65, 66]

[Exclude Sec-65A=Rights of Mortgagor]
Synopsis:
1).A Mortgagor must have the right to mortgage such property [Sec-65(a)]
2).Duty to indemnify for defective title [Sec-65(b)]
3).Duty to compensate mortgagee [Sec-65(c)]
4).Duty to direct rent of a lease to mortgagee [Sec-65(d)]
5).Duty to inform previous mortgage deed for same property [Sec-65(e)]
6).Duty to avoid waste (section-66)

U03Q04).Rights of Mortgagee [Sec-67, 67A, 68, 69, 69A, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75]
Selling Mortgaged property without court intervention [Sec-69]
Synopsis:
1).Right to foreclosure or sale (Sec-67)
2).Right to sue for mortgage money (Sec-68)
3).Right of sale when valid (Sec-69): (Without court intervention)
3.1).Mortgagees Right to Sell before the Sec-69 in TPA, 1882
3.2).Mortgagees Right to Sell after the Sec-69 in TPA, 1882
3.2.1).Power of sale when valid [Sec-69]
3.2.2).Power of sale without intervention of court [Sec-69(1)]
3.2.3).Conditions for exercise of power [Sec-69(2)]
3.3).Mortgagees Right to Sell in Present Situation
4).Other rights

U03Q05).Liabilities/Duties of Mortgagee [Sec-76, 77]

Following are the liabilities of mortgagee:
1).Mortgagee is bound to sue
2).To manage the property as a person of ordinary prudence
3).To collect the rents etc.,
4).To pays Government revenue
5).To makes necessary repairs
6).Not to commit ant act waste
7).To apply the insurance money which he actually receives in reinstating the property etc.,
8).To keeps proper accounts
9).Fair occupation rent thereof after deducting the expenses of management etc.,.
10).To account for the receipts from the mortgaged property
11).A mortgagee is bound to sue on behalf of all the mortgagees in respect of which the mortgage money has
become due in the absence of express contract. During the continuance of the mortgage, the mortgagee is bound.
12).To manages the property as a person of ordinary prudence would manage if it were his own.
13).To uses his best endeavor to collect the rents and profits thereof.
14).In the absence of a contract to the contrary, to pay Government revenue and the other charges of a public
nature and all rents, out of the income of the property.
15).In the absence of a contract to the contrary, to make such necessary repairs as the income of the property
permits.
16).Not to commit ant act which is destructive or permanently injurious to the property.
17).When the whole or any part of the property is insured against loss or damage by fire, in case of such loss or
damage to reinstate the insured property with the money obtained from the insurance policy or to discharge the
mortgage debt with it, if the mortgagor so directs.
18).To keep clear, full and accurate accounts of all sums received and spent by him as mortgaged and give them
to the mortgagor when asked.
19).To debit receipts from the mortgaged property or where such property is personally occupied by him a fair
occupation rent thereof after deducting the expenses of management, the collection charges, revenue and costs
of repairs, first against the interest on the mortgage money and then against the principal.
20).To account for the receipts from the mortgaged property. Such accounting of receipt from the property shall
be taken in lieu of interest on the principal money given to the mortgagor
 [Property Law] [Page 13 of 22]

U03Q06).Charges [Sec-100, 101]

Synopsis:
1).Meaning of Charges
2).Definition of Charges [Sec-100, as it is]
3).Essentials Of a Valid Charge
3.1).Immovable property
3.2).Does not amount to a Mortgage:
3.3).The charge created by an act of parties
3.4).Charges arising by operation of law
3.5).Exception
3.5.1).Exception-1:
3.5.2).Exception-2:
4).Types of Charge
4.1).Fixed Charge
4.2).Floating Charge
4.3).Crystallization
5).Registration of Charges
6).Condonation of Delay
7).Difference between Mortgage and Charges
7.1).Concept of charge
7.2).Concept of Mortgage
7.3).Differences

Unit4
Y# # Quest

2019/J 1 Define sale and state the rights and liabilities of seller

2019/J 2 What are the different modes of determination of leases?

2019/J 3 ‘A’ sells to ‘B’ a piece of land containing a coal-mine of which ‘B’ is aware but not ‘A’. ‘A’ comes
to know the coal-mine after completion of the contract but before the execution of deed of sale. Can
‘A’ claim to set-a-side the contract on the ground of fraud?

2019/J 4 A Hindu widow executed a deed of gift of part of her husband’s property to ‘D’. ‘B’ who was then
the nearest reversioner joined in the deed. On the death of the widow, ‘B’ claims the property,
pleading that the gift was invalid. Will he successes?

2019/ 1 What is an actionable claim? How can an actionable claim be transferred?

D

2019/ 2 Define exchange. Explain rights and liabilities of the parties in transfer by exchange
D

2019/ 3 Onerous gift

D

2019/ 4 What are the different modes of determination of leases?

D

PYQ Questions

Y U04Q01).Sales [Sec-54, 55]

Y U04Q02).Lease [Sec-105 to 117]

Y U04Q03).Exchange [Sec-118 to 121]

Y U04Q04).Gift [Sec-122 to 129]

 [Property Law] [Page 14 of 22]

Y U04Q05).Actionable claim [Sec-3,130 to 137]

U04Q01).Sales [Sec-54, 55]

Synopsis:
1).What is sale?
2).How is Sale made?
3).What is Contract of Sale?
4).What are the essential elements of a sale?
4.1).Parties to Sale
4.2).Subject Matter of a Sale
4.3).Price or Consideration
4.4).Other elements
5).Rights and duties/liabilities of Seller
5.1).Seller's liabilities/Duties- Before Sale
5.1.1). To disclose material defects [Sec-55(1)(a)]
5.1.2).To produce title-deeds [Sec-55(1)(b)]
5.1.3).To answer questions as to Title [Sec-55(1)(c)]
5.1.4). To execute a proper conveyance [Sec-55(1)(d)]
5.1.5). To take care of property and title-deeds [Sec-55(1)(e)]
5.1.6). To pay outgoings [Sec-55(1)(g)]
5.2).Seller's liabilities/Duties- After Sale
5.2.1).Delivery of Possession of Immoveable Property [Sec-55(1)(f)]
5.2.2).Subsistence of Interest [Sec-55(2)]
5.2.3).To receive Purchase money [Sec-55(3) Para1]
5.2.4).To delivers documents [Sec-55(3) Para2]
5.3).Seller’s Right- Before Sale
5.3.1).To receive all profits [Sec-55(4)(a)]
5.4).Seller’s Right - After Sale
5.4.1).Right to charge for unpaid property [Sec-55(4)(b)]
6).Rights and duties/liabilities of Buyer
6.1).Buyer’s liabilities/Duties -Before Sale
6.1.1).To disclose any fact about property [Sec-55(5)(a)]
6.1.2).Payment or tendering of purchase-money [Sec-55(5)(b)]
6.2).Buyer’s liabilities/Duties - After Sale
6.2.1).Bearing of Loss [Sec-55(5)(c)]
6.2.2).To pays outstanding [Sec-55(5)(d)]
6.3).Buyer’s Right - Before Sale
6.3.1).Entitlement to charge on immoveable property [Sec-55(6)(b)]
6.4).Buyer’s Right - After Sale
6.4.1).Entitlement to improvement & increase in value of immoveable property [Sec-55(6)(a)]
6.4.2).Entitlement of Rents and Profits [Sec-55(6)(a)]

U04Q02).Lease [Sec-105 to 117]

Synopsis:
1).Meaning of Lease
2).Definition of Lease, Lessor, lessee, premium and rent
3).Essentials of the Lease
3.1).Parties
3.2).Possession
3.3).Consideration
3.4).Period of lease
4).Lease without lease period
4.1).Issue the notice to quit [Sec-106]
4.2).Notice period [Sec-106]
4.3).How is the notice should be? [Sec-106]
4.4).Can notice be waived? [sec-113]
4.5).Effect of Holding over
5).How made a Lease/How is a lease executed? [Sec-107]
6).Rights and liabilities of the lessor
 [Property Law] [Page 15 of 22]

6.1).Rights of Lessor [Sec-108]

6.1.1).Right to recover the rent
6.1.2).Right to take back the possession
6.1.3).Right to recover the amount of damages
6.1.4).Right to take back the possession
6.2).Duties/Liabilities of Lessor
6.2.1).To disclose any material defects in the property.
6.2.2).To give possession to the lessee at his request.
6.2.3).To provide by covenant a quiet enjoyment of the property to the lessee.
7).Rights and liabilities of the lessee
7.1).Rights of the lessee
7.1.1).Right of accretions
7.1.2).Right to avoid lease on the destruction of property
7.1.3).Right to deduct the cost of repair.
7.1.4).Right to deduct outgoings.
7.1.5).Right to remove fixtures.
7.1.6).Right to remove crops.
7.1.7).Right to assign the interest.
7.2).Liabilities of the lessee
7.2.1).Duty to disclose facts.
7.2.2).Duty to pay rent.
7.2.3).Duty to maintain the property.
7.2.4).Duty to give notice of encroachment.
7.2.5).Duty to use the property reasonably.
7.2.6).Duty not to make a permanent structure.
7.2.7).Duty to restore possession.
8).Termination/Determination of Lease [Sec-111]
8.1).By lapse of time
8.2).By happening of a specified event
8.3).By the termination of lessor’s interest
8.4).By Merger/By same owner
8.5).By express surrender
8.6).By implied surrender
8.7).By forfeiture
8.8).By the expiry of the notice to quit.

U04Q03).Exchange [Sec-118 to 121]

Synopsis:
1).Definition of Exchange [Sec-118]
2).Characteristic features of exchange/Scope of exchange [Sec-118, Explanation]
2.1).Transfer of ownership
2.2).Properties can be movable
2.3).Exchange includes Barter
2.4).Mode of transfer
2.5).Value of Property
3).Right of party deprived of thing received in exchange:[Sec-119]
3.1).Definition (As it is)
3.2).Explanation
4).Rights and liabilities of parties: [Sec-120]
4.1).Definition (As it is)
4.2).Explanation
5).Exchange of money: [Sec-121]
6).Exchange of property
7).Difference among mode of transfer of property

U04Q04).Gift [Sec-122 to 129]

Synopsis:
1).Definition of Gift [Sec-122]
1.1).Definition (As it is)
1.2).Definition (Simplified)
 [Property Law] [Page 16 of 22]

2).Essentials of Gift
3).Transfer how effected [Sec-123]
3.1).Definition (As it is)
3.2).Definition (Simplified)
4).Gift of existing and future property [Sec-124]
4.1).Definition (As it is)
4.2).Definition (Simplified)
5).Gift to several of whom one does not accept [Sec-125]
5.1).Definition (As it is)
5.2).Definition (Simplified)
6).When gift may be suspended or revoked [Sec-126]
6.1).Definition (As it is)
6.2).Definition (Simplified)
6.2.1).Gift for revoked/suspended:
6.2.2).Gift for not revoked
6.2.3).Gift for void:
7).Onerous gifts [Sec-127]
7.1).Definition (As it is)
7.2).Maxim
7.3).Definition (explained)
7.3.1).Meaning:
7.2.2).Single Transfer:
7.2.3).Separate Transfer:
8).Universal done [Sec-128]
8.1).Definition (As it is)
8.2).Definition (Simplified)
9).Saving of donations mortis causa and Muhammadan law [Sec-129]
9.1).Definition (As it is)
9.2).Definition (Explained)
9.2.1).Essentials
9.2.2).Marz-ul Maut

U04Q05).Actionable claim [Sec-3,130 to 137]

Synopsis:
1).Understanding actionable claim
1.1).Before the amending Act 2 of 1900
1.2).After the amending Act 2 of 1900
2).Definition of Actionable Claim [Sec-3, as it is]
3).Explanation of Actionable Claim-V1
4).Explanation of Actionable Claim-V2
5).Conditions of actionable claim
5.1).Unsecured Money Debt:
5.2).Claim to Beneficial Interest not in Possession of the Claimant:
6).Instances of claims which are actionable claim:
7).Instances of claims which are not actionable claim:
8).Illustrations of Actionable Claim
9).Case laws:
10).(Mode of) Transfer of Actionable Claim [Sec-130]
11).Other details regarding actionable claim
11.1.).A burden of a contract cannot be assigned:
11.2).Notice of the transfer to the debtor is not necessary
11.3).No registration is necessary
11.4).Lottery Tickets
11.5).Liability of the transferee:[Sec-132]
11.6).Restriction on being an assignee [Sec-136]
12).Conclusion/Actionable claim in GST:

Unit5
Y# # Quest
 [Property Law] [Page 17 of 22]

2019/J 1 What are the statutory powers of a trustee?

2019/J 2 Discuss the various types of trusts as given in the “Indian Trust Act”

2019/J 3 Sate the essentials of valid trust

2019/J 4 How is the trustee appointed?

2019/ 1 Certain obligations are in the nature of trust. Discuss

D

2019/ 2 Explain rights and disabilities of a beneficiary in a trust

D

2019/ 3 Charitable trust

D

2019/ 4 How is a trustee appointed?

D

PYQ Questions

G U05Q01).Trust and its features [Sec-3]

Y U05Q02).Type of trusts

Y U05Q03).Creation of Trust/Essentials of Trust [Sec-4 to 10]

N U05Q04).Trustees-Duties [Sec-11 to 22]

N U05Q05).Trustees - Liabilities [Sec-23 to 30]

N U05Q06).Trustees - Rights [Sec-31 to 36]

Y U05Q07).Trustees - Power [Sec-37 to 45]

Y U05Q08).Trustees - Disabilities [Sec-46 to 54]

Y U05Q09).Beneficiary - Rights [Sec-55 to 67]

Y U05Q10).Beneficiary - Liabilities [Sec-68, 69]

Y U05Q11).Trustee – appointment and discharge [Sec-70 to 76]

N U05Q12).Extinction of Trust [Sec-77 to 79]

Y U05Q13).Obligations in the nature of trust [Sec-80 to 96]

N U05Q14).Registration of Trusts in Registrar

N U05Q15).Legislations in India Governing Trusts

U05Q01).Trust and its features [Sec-3]

Synopsis:
1).Trust
2).Features of Trust:
3).Important definitions
3.1).Author of the trust
 [Property Law] [Page 18 of 22]

3.2).Trustee
3.3).Beneficiary
3.4).Trust-property
3.5).Beneficial interest
3.6).Instrument of trust
3.7).Breach of trust
3.8).Registered
3.9).Notice

U05Q02).Type of trusts
Synopsis:
1).Private Trust
1.1).Basic details:
1.2). Types of Private Trust
1.2.1).Revocable:
1.2.2).Irrevocable
1.2.2.1).Non-discretionary Irrevocable Trust:
1.2.2.2).Discretionary Irrevocable Trust:
1.3).Create an irrevocable trust
1.4).Certain benefits of irrevocable trust
1.5).Mandates for a Private Trust [Sec-5]
1.5.1).Trust of Immoveable property (1st Para, as it is)
1.5.2).Trust of Immoveable property (1st Para, simplified)
1.5.3).Trust of Movable property (2nd Para, as it is)
1.5.4).Trust of Movable property (2nd Para, simplified)
2).Public Trust
2.1).Basic details:
2.2).Type:
2.2.1).Charitable Trust
2.2.1.1).Basic details:
2.2.1.2).Reasons for forming a Charitable Trust
2.2.1.3).Procedure for forming a Charitable Trust
2.2.2).Religious Trust
2.2.2.1).Basic details
2.2.2.2).Religious Trust under Hindu law:
2.2.2.3).Waqf – The Mohammaden Trusts under Muslim law
2.2.3).Private Religious trusts Vs. Private charitable trusts?
2.2.4).Partly Charitable & Partly Religious Trusts?
3).Partly Private and Partly Public Trusts?
4).Difference b/w Public and Private Trust
5).Other Trusts under the Trust Laws in India
5.1).Bare Trust
5.2).Constructive Trust
5.3).Resulting Trust
5.4).Discretionary Trust
5.5).Fixed Trust
5.6).Hybrid Trust
5.7).Express Trust
5.8).Implied Trust
5.9).Intervolves Trust
5.10).Testamentary Trust
5.11).Irrevocable Trust
5.12).Revocable Trust
5.13).Precatory Trust
5.14).Secret Trust
5.15).Illusory Trust

U05Q03).Creation of Trust/Essentials of Trust [Sec-4 to 10]

Synopsis:
1).Trust Must be created for Lawful purpose [Sec-4]
 [Property Law] [Page 19 of 22]

1.1).Definition of Section-4: Lawful purpose:

1.2).What are the Objects of the trust? (Extracted from definition)
1.2.1).Lawful purpose:
1.2.2).When the purpose is considered to be unlawful
1.2.3).Status of unlawful trust
1.2.4).If trust is created for more than one purpose
2).Trust must be created with valid properties [Sec-5]
2.1).Definition of Section-5: Trust of Movable and Immovable Properties
2.2).What are the mandates or Formalities of Trust?
2.2.1).Trust of Immoveable property
2.2.2).Trust of Movable property
3).Trust must be created with Reasonable Certainty [Sec-6]
3.1).Definition of Section-6: Creation of trust:
3.2).What are the Reasonable Certainty of Trust? (Extracted from definition)
3.2.1).An intention of author
3.2.2).The purpose of the trust
3.2.3).The beneficiary of the trust
3.2.4).The trust-property
3.2.5).Transfers the trust-property to the trustee
3.3).What are the three certainties of an effective trust?
3.3.1).Certainty of words
3.3.2).Certainty of subject-matter
3.3.3).Certainty of object
3.4).Three kinds of uncertainty (xtra det)
3.4.1).Semantic, conceptual or linguistic uncertainty
3.4.2).Evidential uncertainty
3.4.3).Administrative uncertainty
4).Trust Must be created by competent to contract [Sec-7]
4.1).Definition of Section-7: Who may create trusts:
4.2).Details of Section-7:
4.3).Power of disposition
4.4).Who may have the competence to contract?
4.4.1).Anyone, who is major and mentally fit
4.4.2).Anyone who is Minor or on behalf of minor with permission of court
4.4.3).Other than Individuals
4.4.4).By an Hindu Undivided Family
5).Subject-matter of a trust must be property transferable [Sec-8]
5.1).Definition of Section-8:Subject of trust
5.2).Explanation for sec-8
5.3).Case laws:
6).Trust must be created for beneficiary [Sec-9]
6.1).Definition of Section-9: Who may be beneficiary
6.2).Details of Section-9:
7).Trustee Must be competent to contract [Sec-10]
7.1).Definition of Section-10: who may be trustee
7.2).Details of Section-10
8).What should you take note of when creating a trust?

U05Q04).Trustees-Duties [Sec-11 to 22]

Synopsis:
1).Trustee to execute trust (section 11)
2).Trustee to inform himself of state of trust-property (section 12)
3).Trustee to protect title to trust property (section 13)
4).Not to set up adverse title (section 14)
5).Care required from trustee (section 15)
6).Conversion of perishable property (section 16)
7).Trustee to be impartial (section 17)
8).Trustee to prevent waste (section 18)
9).Accounts and information (section 19)
10).Investment of trust - money (section 20)
 [Property Law] [Page 20 of 22]

11).A Power to purchase redeemable stock at a premium (section-20A)

12).Mortgage of land pledged to government under Act 26 of (section-21)
13).Sale by trustee directed to sell within specified time (section-22)

U05Q05).Trustees - Liabilities [Sec-23 to 30]

Synopsis:
1).Liability for a breach of trust (section 23)
2).No set-off allowed to trustee (section 24)
3).Non liabilities for predecessor’s default (section 25)
4).No liability for the acts and defaults of co-trustee (section 26)
5).Several liability of co-trustees (section 27)
6).Non – liability of trustee without notice of transfer by beneficiary (section-28)
7).Liability of trustee where beneficiary’s interest is forfeited to the government (section-29)
8).Indemnity of trustees (section-30)

U05Q06).Trustees - Rights [Sec-31 to 36]

Synopsis:
1).Right to title – deed (Sec.31)
2).Right to reimbursement of expenses (Sec.32)
3).Right to indemnity from gainer by breach of trusts (Sec.33)
4).Right to apply to court for opinion in management of trusts (Sec.34)
5).Right to settlement of account (Sec.35)
6).General authority of trustee (Sec.36)

U05Q07).Trustees - Power [Sec-37 to 45]

Synopsis:
1).Power to sell in lots, and either by public auction or private contract (Sec.37)
2).Power to sell under special conditions. Power to buy in and re sell (Sec.38)
3).Power to convey (Sec.39)
4).Power to vary investment (Sec.40)
5).Power to maintenance of minor, etc.. (Sec-41)
6).Power to give receipts (Sec.42)
7).Power to compound, etc (Sec-43)
8).Power to several trustees of whom one disclaims or dies (Sec-44)
9).Suspension of trustee’s powers by decree (Sec-45)

U05Q08).Trustees - Disabilities [Sec-46 to 54]

Synopsis:
1).Trustee cannot renounce after acceptance (section 46)
2).Trustee cannot delegate (section 47)
3).Co-trustees cannot act singly (section 48)
4).Control of discretionary power (section 49)
5).Trustee may not charge for services (section 50)
6).Trustee may not use trust property for his own profit (section 51)
7).Trustee may not buy trust property (section 52)
8).Trustee may not buy beneficiary’s interest without permission (Sec.53)
9).Co-trustees may not lend to one of themselves (Sec.54)

U05Q09).Beneficiary - Rights [Sec-55 to 67]

Synopsis:
1).Right to rents and profits (section-55)
2).Right to specific execution (section-56)
3).Right to inspect and take copies of trust instrument, etc.(section-57)
4).Right to Transfer beneficial interest.(section-58)
5).Right to sue for execution of trust,(section-59)
6).Right to proper trustee (section 60)
7).Right to compel to any act of duty (section-61)
8).Wrongful purchase by trustee (Sec.62)
9).Right to follow trust property (Sec.63)
10).Saving of rights of certain transferees (Sec.64)
 [Property Law] [Page 21 of 22]

11).Acquisition by trustee of trust- property wrongfully converted (Sec.65)

12).Right in case of blended property (Sec-66)
13).Wrongful employment by partner-trustee of trust-property for partnership purposes (Sec-67)

U05Q10).Beneficiary - Liabilities [Sec-68, 69]

Synopsis:
1).Liability of beneficiary joining in breach of trust (section 68)
2).Rights and liabilities of beneficiary’s transferee (section 69)

U05Q11).Trustee – appointment and discharge [Sec-70 to 76]

Synopsis:
1).Office how vacated (Sec-70)
2).Discharge of trustee (Sec-71)
3).Petition to be discharged from trust (Sec-72)
4).Appointment of new trustees on death, etc (Sec-73)
5).Appointment by Court (Sec-74)
6).Vesting of trust-property in new trustees (Sec-75)
7).Survival of trust (Sec-76)
8).Other details regarding appointment of trustee (Xtra Det)

U05Q12).Extinction of Trust [Sec-77 to 79]

Synopsis:
1).Trust how extinguished (Sec-77)
2).Revocation of trust (Sec-78)
3).Revocation not to defeat what trustees have duly done (Sec-79)

U05Q13).Obligations in the nature of trust [Sec-80 to 96]

Synopsis:
1).General declaration:
1.1).Where obligation in nature of trust is created (Sec-80)
2).Resulting Trusts [Sec-81 to 93]
2.1).Repealed (Sec-81): No intention to dispose of Beneficial Interest
2.2).Repealed (Sec-82): Transfer for consideration by another (Benami transactions)
2.3).Trust incapable of execution or executed without exhausting trust-property (Sec-83)
2.4).Transfer for illegal purpose (Sec-84)
2.5).Bequest for illegal purpose (Sec-85)
2.6).Transfer pursuant to rescindable contract (Sec-86)
2.7).Debtor becoming creditor’s representative (Sec-87)
3).Non Resulting Trusts [Sec-88 to 93]
3.1).Advantage gained by fiduciary (Sec-88)
3.2).Advantage gained by exercise of undue influence (Sec-89)
3.3).Advantage gained by qualified owner (Sec-90)
3.4).Property acquired with notice of existing contract (Sec-91)
3.5).Purchase by person contracting to buy property to be held on trust (Sec-92)
3.6).Advantage secretly gained by one of several compounding creditors (Sec-93)
4).Constructive Trust
5).Position of Trustee
5.1).Obligor’s duties, liabilities and disabilities (Sec-95)
5.2).Saving of rights of bona fide purchasers (Sec-96)

U05Q14).Registration of Trusts in Registrar

#).Two copies of trust deed,
#).Xerox copy must have original signature
#).Two photo of each trustee/Settlor
#).Payment or fees of registration
#).All trustee & Settlor are required to be present in the office of registrar
#).Two witnesses are required to be present.

U05Q15).Legislations in India Governing Trusts

1).THE INDIAN TRUSTS ACT, 1882
 [Property Law] [Page 22 of 22]

2).CHARITABLE AND RELIGIOUS TRUSTS ACT,1920

2).RELIGIOUS ENDOWMENTS ACT 1863
4).CHARITABLE ENDOWMENTS ACT, 1890
5).THE SOCIETIES REGISTRATION ACT ,1860.
6).Apart from these central legislations
6.1).The Madras Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Act (19 of 51)
6.2).The Bombay Public Trusts Act (29 of 1950)
6.3).The Orissa Hindu Religious Endowments Act (4 of 1939)
6.4).The Bihar Hindu Religious Trusts Act (1 of 1951)