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NTC 2018 Example 002

WIDE FLANGE MEMBER UNDER COMBINED COMPRESSION & BENDING

EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
In this example a continuous beam-column is subjected to factored axial load P =
1400 kN, major-axis bending moment My = 200 kN-m, and a minor axis bending
moment of Mz = 100 kN-m. This example was tested using the Italian NTC-2018
steel frame design code. The design capacities are compared with independent
hand calculated results.

GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING

Y-Axis Z-Axis
Y-Y
My,top
Mz,top

Z-Z
L P
A A
Mz,bot
My,bot Section A-A

L = 0.4 m

Material Properties Loading Design Properties

E = 210x103 MPa P = 1400 kN fy = 235 MPa
v = 0.3 Mz,top = 100 kN-m Section: 457x191x98 UB
G = 80769 MPa Mz,bot = -100 kN-m
My,top = 200 kN-m
My,bot = 0

NTC 2018 Example 002 - 1

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TECHNICAL FEATURES TESTED

➢ Section compactness check (beam-column)
➢ Section compression capacity
➢ Section shear capacity for major & minor axes
➢ Section bending capacity for major & minor axes
➢ Member compression capacity for major & minor axes
➢ Member bending capacity
➢ Interaction capacity, D/C, for major & minor axes

RESULTS COMPARISON

Independent results are taken from hand calculations based on the CSI steel
design documentation contained in the file “SFD-NTC-2018.pdf,” which is
available through the program “Help” menu.

NTC 2018 Example 002 - 2

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Percent
Output Parameter SAP2000 Independent Difference

Compactness Class 2 Class 2 0.00%

Section Compression Resistance,
2,797.6 2,797.6 0.00%
Nc,Rd (kN)
Buckling Resistance in Compression,
2,797.6 2,797.6 0.00%
Nbyy,Rd (kN)
Buckling Resistance in Compression,
2,797.6 2,797.6 0.00%
Nbzz,Rd (kN)
Section Plastic Bending Resistance,
499.1 499.1 0.00%
Mc,y,Rd (kN-m)
Section Plastic Bending Resistance,
84.8 84.8 0.00%
Mc,z,Rd (kN-m)
Section Bending Resistance Shear Reduced,
481.3 481.3 0.00%
MV,y,Rd (kN-m)
Section Bending Resistance Axially Reduced,
310.8 310.8 0.00%
MN,y,Rd (kN-m)
Section Bending Resistance Axially Reduced,
82.26 82.26 0.00%
MN,z,Rd (kN-m)
Member Bending Resistance,
499.095 499.095 0.00%
Mb,Rd (kN-m)
Section Shear Resistance,
719.2 719.2 0.00%
Vc,y,Rd (kN)
Section Shear Resistance,
984.7 984.7 0.00%
Vc,z,Rd (kN)
Interaction Capacity, D/C 2.044 2.044 0.00%

COMPUTER FILE: NTC 2018 EX002

CONCLUSION
The results show an exact comparison with the independent results.

NTC 2018 Example 002 - 3

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HAND CALCULATION

Properties:
Material: S275 Steel
E = 210,000 MPa
G = 80,769 MPa
fy = 235 MPa
Section: 457x191x98 UB
A = 12,500 mm2
b = 192.8 mm, tf = 19.6 mm, h = 467.2 mm, tw = 11.4 mm, r = 10.2 mm
hw  h  2t f  467.2  2 •19.6  428mm

d  h  2  t f  r   467.2  2 • 19.6  10.2  407.6mm

b  tw  2r 192.8  11.4  2 • 10.2

c   80.5 mm
2 2
Wpl,y = 2,230,000 mm3
Wpl,z = 379,000 mm3
ryy = 191.3 mm
rzz = 43.3331 mm
Izz = 23,469,998 mm4
I w  1.176 •1012 mm6
IT = 1,210,000 mm4
Member:
L = Lb = Lunbraced = 400 mm
Kyy = 1.0, Kzz = 1.0
Other:
 M 0  1.05

 M 1  1.05

NTC 2018 Example 002 - 4

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Loadings:
P  1400kN axial load
M z 1  100kN-m
M z 2  100kN-m
M y 1  200 kN-m

M y 2  0kN-m
Results in the following internal forces:
NEd  1400 kN
M y , Ed  200 kN-m

M z , Ed  100 kN-m

Vy , Ed  500 kN-m

Vz , Ed  0 kN-m

Section Compactness:
235 235
  1
fy 235

1 N Ed 
1    1    1
2  2htw f y 
1 1, 400, 000 
 1    2.7818  1, so
2  2 • 467.2 • 11.4 • 235 
  1.0

Localized Buckling for Flange:

For the tip in compression under combined bending & compression
9 9 • 1
 cl .1   9
 1

NTC 2018 Example 002 - 5

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c 80.5
e    4.11
t f 19.6

e  4.11 cl .1  9
So Flange is Class 1 in combined bending and compression

Localized Buckling for Web:

  0.5, so
396 396 • 1
 cl .1    33.00 for combined bending & compression
13  1 13 • 1  1
d 407.6
e    35.75
tw 11.4

e  35.75  cl .1  33.00

456 456 • 1
 cl .2    38.00
13  1 13 • 1  1
e  35.75  cl.2  38.00
So Web is Class 2 in combined bending & compression.

Since Web is Class 2, Section is Class 2 in combined bending & compression.

Section Compression Capacity

Af y 12,500 • 235
N c , Rd  N pl , Rd  
M 0 1.05

Nc, Rd  2797.6 kN

Section Shear Capacity

For major y-y axis
AV , y  A  2bt f  t f  tw  2r   12,500  2 • 192.8 • 19.6  19.6 11.4  2 • 10.2 

NTC 2018 Example 002 - 6

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AV , y  5,565.5mm2

fy 235
Vc , y , Rd  Avy  • 5,565.5
M 0 3 1.05 3

Vc, y , Rd  719.2 kN

For minor z-z axis

AV , z  A  hwtw  12,500  428 •11.4  7, 620.8 mm 2

fy 235
Vc , z , Rd  Avy  • 7, 620.8
M 0 3 1.05 3

Vc, z , Rd  984.7 kN

  1.0

h 467.1 72 235 72 235

  37.5    72
tw 11.4  fy 1.0 235

So no shear buckling needs to be checked.

Section Bending Capacity

For major y-y axis
Wpl , y f y 2, 230, 000 • 235
M c , y , Rd  M pl , y , Rd  
M 0 1.05

M c, y , Rd  499.1kN-m

For minor z-z axis

Wpl , z f y 379, 000 • 235
M c , z , Rd  M pl , z , Rd  
M 0 1.05

M c, z , Rd  84.8kN-m

NTC 2018 Example 002 - 7

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With Shear Reduction

For major y-y axis
Vy , Ed  500kN  0.5 • Vc, y , Rd  359.6kN Shear Reduction is needed

Av  htw  467.2 •11.4  4,879.2mm2

2
 2VEd   2 • 500 2
  1    1  0.1525
V   719.2 
 c , Rd 

 Av 2   0.1525 • 4879.22 

W 
 pl , y 4t  f yk  2, 230, 000   • 235
4 • 11.4
M y ,V , Rd  w 
    M y ,c , Rd
M 0 1.05

MV ,r , Rd  481.3kN-m

For minor z-z axis

Vz , Ed  0kN  0.5 • Vc, z , Rd No shear Reduction is needed

With Compression Reduction

N Ed 1400
n   0.50
N pl , Rd 2797.6
A  2bt f 12,500  2 •192.8 •19.6
a   0.40  0.5
A 12,500

For major y-y axis

1 n 1  0.5
M N , y , Rd  M pl , y , Rd  499.1 •
1  0.5a 1  0.5 • 0.4
M N , y , Rd  310.8kN-m

NTC 2018 Example 002 - 8

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For minor z-z axis

na
  n  a 2    0.5  0.4 2 
M N , z , Rd  M pl , z , Rd 1      84.8 • 1    
  1  a     1  0.4  
M N , z , Rd  82.26 kN-m

Member Compression Capacity:

Non-Dimensional Slenderness Ratio:
Steel is S235
h 467.2
  2.4  1.2
b f 192.8
and
t f  19.6 mm  40 mm

So we should use the Buckling Curve ‘a’ for the z-z axis and Buckling Curve ‘b’
for the y-y axis (NTC 2018, Table 4.2.VI).

Z-Z Axis Parameters:

For buckling curve a,   0.21 (NTC 2018, Table 4.2 VI)

K y  1.00

Lcr , y 400
Lcr , y  K y Ly  1 • 400  400 mm,   2.091
ry 191.3

2 E 2 • 210, 000
N cr , y    5,925, 691kN
12,500 •  2.091
2 2
K L 
A y y 
 ry
 
Af y 12,500 • 235
y    0.022
N cr , y 5,925, 691

NTC 2018 Example 002 - 9

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 
 y  0.5 1   y  y  0.2   y   0.5 1  0.21 0.022  0.2   0.0222 
2

 
 y  0.482

1 1
Stress Reduction Factor:  y    1.0388
y  y   y
2 2
0.482  0.4822  0.0222

 y  1.0388  1.0, so  y  1.0

 y Af y 1.0 • 12,500 • 235

Nbyy , Rd  
M1 1.05

Z-Z Axis Parameters:

For buckling curve b,   0.34 (NTC 2018, Table 4.2 VI)

K z  1.00

Lcr , z 400
Lcr , z  K z Lz  1• 400  400 mm,   9.231
rz 43.33

2 E 2 • 210, 000
N cr , z    304, 052 kN
12,500 •  9.231
2 2
K L 
A z z 
 rz 
Af y 12,500 • 235
z    0.098
N cr , z 304, 052

 
z  0.5 1   z  z  0.2   z   0.5 1  0.34  0.098  0.2   0.0982 
2

 
 z  0.488

1 1
Stress Reduction Factor:  z    1.0362
z  z 2   z
2
0.488  0.4882  0.0982

NTC 2018 Example 002 - 10

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z  1.0362  1.0, so z  1.0

 z Af y 1.0 • 12,500 • 235

Nbzz , Rd  
M1 1.05

Nbzz , Rd  2,797.6 kN

Member Bending Capacity:

h 467.2
  2.4  2
b f 192.8
So we should use the Buckling Curve ‘c’ for lateral-torsional buckling (NTC
2018, Table 4.2.VII).
LT  0.49

 LT ,0  0.4 (default for rolled section)

  0.75 (default for rolled section)

M B  M y 2  0, M A  M y 1  200kN-m
2
M 
2
M 0  0 
  1.75  1.05 B  0.3  B   1.75  1.05  0.3    1.75
MA  MA  200  200 

Corrective Factor is determined from NTC 2018, Table 4.2 VIII

1 1
kc    1.329
1.33  0.33 1.33  0.33 • 1.75

I  Lcr , z  GIT 
2
2 EI z   
M cr   w

L   Iz 2 EI z 
2
cr , z  

NTC 2018 Example 002 - 11

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2 • 210,000 • 23, 469,998  1.176 •1012 4002 • 80,769 •1, 210,000 

M cr  1.75 •   2 
4002  23, 469,998  • 210,000 • 23, 469,998 
Mcr  119, 477, 445,900 N-mm

Wpl , y f y 2, 230, 000 • 235

 LT    0.066
M cr 119, 477, 445,900

 
LT  0.5 1   LT  LT   LT ,0   LT   0.5 1  0.49 •  0.066  0.4  0.75 • 0.0662 
2

 
LT  0.420

 
f  1  0.5 1  kc  1  2  LT  0.8   1  0.5 1  1.329  1  2  0.066  0.8    0.987
2 2
   

1 1  1 1
 LT   1.0 or 2 
f    2   2 
LT LT LT  LT
f 

 1  1  1 1 
 LT     1.0 or 
 0.987  0.420  0.4202  0.75 • 0.0662  0.066 0.987 
2

 LT  1.2118  1.0 or 230.9 

so
LT  1.0

fy 235
M b, Rd   LTWpl , y  1.0 • 2, 230, 000 •
M1 1.05

M b, Rd  499.095kN-m

Interaction Capacity: Compression & Bending

Section Bending & Compression Capacity

NTC 2018 Example 002 - 12

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Formula NTC 4.2.39

2 5n
D  M y , Ed   M z , Ed 
2 5•0.5
 200   100 
         0.414  1.630
C  M N , y , Rd   M N , z , Rd   310.8   82.3 

D
 2.044 (Governs)
C

Member Bending & Compression Capacity: Method B

k factors used are taken from the software, and determined from Method 2 in
Annex B of Eurocode 3.
k yy  0.547

k yz  0.479

kzy  0.698

kzz  0.798

Formula NTC 4.2.37

D N Ed M y , Ed M z , Ed
  k yy  k yz
C  y Af yk W f Wpl , z f yk
 LT pl , y yk
M1 M1 M1

D 1, 400 200 100

  0.547   0.479 
C 112,500  235 1
2, 230, 000  235 379, 000  235
1.05 1.05 1.05
D
 0.5  0.22  0.56
C
D
 1.284
C

NTC 2018 Example 002 - 13

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Formula NTC 4.2.38

D N Ed M y , Ed M z , Ed
  k zy  k zz
C  z Af yk W f Wpl , z f yk
 LT pl , y yk
M1 M1 M1

D 1, 400 200 100

  0.698   0.798 
C 112,500  235 1
2, 230, 000  235 379, 000  235
1.05 1.05 1.05
D
 0.5  0.28  0.941
C
D
 1.721
C

NTC 2018 Example 002 - 14