EC1 Wind Load©

According to EC1; EN 1991-1-4:2005

Ver. 1.0

Please send your comments & suggestions to improve this tool on melkateb@hotmail.com

by
Mahmoud M. El-Kateb, Ph.D

Structural Engineering Dept.

Faculty of Engineering - Ain Shams University
Wind Load according to EC1; EN 1991-1-4:2005 By: Dr. Mahmoud El-Kateb
Version 1.0

* Calculation of Wind load

on rectangular plan multi-story buildings

* Project :

INPUT DATA:
Wind facing side length = 40 m
Wind parallel side length = 25 m
Height of building above ground = 90 m

Fundamental basic wind velocity, v b,0 = 22 m/s

Directional factor, Cdir = 1
Season factor, Cseason = 1
Terrain category: IV Area in which at least 15 % of the surface is covered with buildings
Orography factor, Co(Ze) = 1
Turbulence factor, kl = 1

OUTPUT DATA:
Basic wind velocity, vb = 22.0 m/s eq. (4.1)
Z0 (m) = 1 Zmin (m) = 10 Table (4.1)
Cpe,10 = 0.80 Windward side Table (7.1)
Cpe,10 = 0.63 Leeward side Table (7.1)
Lack of correlation factor = 0.95 Clause 7.2.2(3)

from 0 to 40 m from 40 to 50 m from 50 to 90 m

The reference height, Ze = 40.0 50.0 90.0 m
The roughness factor, Cr(Ze) = 0.864 0.917 1.054 eq. (4.4)
The mean wind velocity, vm(Ze) = 19.0 20.2 23.2 m/s eq. (4.3)
The turbulence intensity, I v(Ze) = 0.271 0.256 0.222 eq. (4.7)
The peak velocity pressure, qp(Ze) = 0.65 0.71 0.86 kN/m2 eq. (4.8)
Windward pressure We = 0.52 0.57 0.69 kN/m2
Leeward pressure We = 0.41 0.45 0.54 kN/m2
Total wind force on building = 3667 kN

Page 2 of 11
Wind Load according to EC1; EN 1991-1-4:2005 By: Dr. Mahmoud El-Kateb
Version 1.0

* Calculation of Wind load

on rectangular plan multi-story buildings

Wind direction

Windward Leeward
(Pressure side) (Suction side)

40.0 m 27.5 21.7

kN/m kN/m

10.0 m 22.7 17.9

kN/m kN/m

16.5
40.0 m 21.0 kN/m
kN/m

40.00 m
25.00 m

Page 3 of 11
Wind Load according to EC1; EN 1991-1-4:2005 By: Dr. Mahmoud El-Kateb
Version 1.0

* Calculation of Wind load

on rectangular plan multi-story buildings

Total Wind force = 3667 kN

Page 4 of 11
Wind Load according to EC1; EN 1991-1-4:2005 By: Dr. Mahmoud El-Kateb
Version 1.0

* Calculation of Wind load

on free standing walls and fences

* Project :

INPUT DATA:
Wall or Fence length L = 23 m
Wall or Fence height h = 2.5 m
Solidity ratio of wall or fence f = 1

Fundamental basic wind velocity, v b,0 = 22 m/s

Directional factor, Cdir = 1
Season factor, Cseason = 1
Terrain category: IV Area in which at least 15 % of the surface is covered with buildings
Orography factor, Co(Ze) = 1
Turbulence factor, kl = 1

OUTPUT DATA:
Basic wind velocity, vb = 22.0 m/s eq. (4.1)
Z0 (m) = 1 Zmin (m) = 10 Table (4.1)
The reference height, Ze = 2.5 m Clause 7.4.1(2)
The roughness factor, Cr(Ze) = 0.540 eq. (4.4)
The mean wind velocity, vm(Ze) = 11.9 m/s eq. (4.3)
The turbulence intensity, I v(Ze) = 0.434 eq. (4.7)
The peak velocity pressure, qp(Ze) = 0.36 kN/m2 eq. (4.8)
Zone: A B C D
Cp,net = 3.4 2.1 1.7 1.2 for (L/h) = 9.2 Table (7.9)
Wnet = 1.21 0.75 0.60 0.43 kN/m2
1.21 kN/m2
0.75 kN/m2 0.60 kN/m2 0.43 kN/m2

0.75 m
4.25 m 5.00 m

Page 5 of 11
Wind Load according to EC1; EN 1991-1-4:2005 By: Dr. Mahmoud El-Kateb
Version 1.0

* Calculation of Wind load

on free standing walls and fences

* Project :

INPUT DATA:
Sign breadth b = 13 m
Sign height h = 10 m
Sign height from ground zg = 2

Fundamental basic wind velocity, v b,0 = 22 m/s

Directional factor, Cdir = 1
Season factor, Cseason = 1
Terrain category: IV Area in which at least 15 % of the surface is covered with buildings
Orography factor, Co(Ze) = 1
Turbulence factor, kl = 1

OUTPUT DATA:
Basic wind velocity, vb = 22.0 m/s eq. (4.1)
Z0 (m) = 1 Zmin (m) = 10 Table (4.1)
The reference height, Ze = 7 m Clause 7.4.1(2)
The roughness factor, Cr(Ze) = 0.540 eq. (4.4)
The mean wind velocity, vm(Ze) = 11.9 m/s eq. (4.3)
The turbulence intensity, I v(Ze) = 0.434 eq. (4.7)
The peak velocity pressure, qp(Ze) = 0.36 kN/m2 eq. (4.8)
zg < h/4 and b/h > 1
Then design as fence below --> Fw = 83.3 kN

Zone: A B C D
Cp,net = 3.4 2.1 1.7 1.2 for (L/h) = 1.3 Table (7.9)
Wnet = 1.21 0.75 0.60 0.43 kN/m2
1.21 kN/m2
0.75 kN/m2 0.60 kN/m2 0.43 kN/m2

3.00 m
17.00 m 20.00 m

Page 6 of 11
Wind Load according to EC1; EN 1991-1-4:2005 By: Dr. Mahmoud El-Kateb
Version 1.0

* Calculation of Wind load

on solid circular cylinders, chimneys

* Project :

INPUT DATA:
The cylinder height above ground, H = 35 m
Cylinder diameter, b = 3 m
Cylinder weight, W = 50 kN

Fundamental basic wind velocity, vb,0 = 22 m/s 0 Sea or

Directional factor, Cdir = 1 I Lakes
Season factor, Cseason = 1 II Area w
Terrain category: IV Area in which at least 15 % of the surface is covered with buildings
Orography factor, Co(Ze) = 1 IV Area
Turbulence factor, kl = 1
kr
OUTPUT DATA: Sv
The basic wind velocity, vb = 22.0 m/s eq. (4.1)
Z0 (m) = 1 Zmin (m) = 10 Table (4.1)
The reference height, Ze = 35.00 m Bright s
The roughness factor, Cr(Ze) = 0.833 eq. (4.4)
The mean wind velocity, v m(Ze) = 18.3 m/s eq. (4.3)
The turbulence intensity, Iv(Ze) = 0.281 eq. (4.7)
The peak velocity pressure, q p(Ze) = 0.62 kN/m2 eq. (4.8)
Rough c
USING WIND PRESSURE COEFFICIENT: Rough s
Reynolds number, Re = 6.3E+06 eq. (7.15)
Effective slenderness, l = 9.7 Table (7.16)
The end effect factor, yl = 0.70 Figure (7.36)
The position of minimum pressure, amin = 85 o
Figure (7.27)
The position of flow separation, aA = 135 o
Figure (7.27)
a Cp,0 yla Cpe We kN/m2
0 1 1.000 1.00 0.62 ###
15 0.688 1.000 0.69 0.43 ###
30 0.094 1.000 0.09 0.06 ###
45 -0.656 1.000 -0.66 -0.41 ###
60 -1.5 1.000 -1.50 -0.94 ###
75 -2.1 1.000 -2.10 -1.31 ###
90 -2.05 0.996 -2.04 -1.27 ###
105 -1.95 0.942 -1.84 -1.15 ###
120 -1.25 0.835 -1.04 -0.65 ###
135 -0.5 0.699 -0.35 -0.22 ###
150 -0.5 0.699 -0.35 -0.22 ###
Page 7 of 11
Wind Load according to EC1; EN 1991-1-4:2005 By: Dr. Mahmoud El-Kateb
Version 1.0

* Calculation of Wind load

on solid circular cylinders, chimneys

165 -0.5 0.699 -0.35 -0.22 ###

180 -0.5 0.699 -0.35 -0.22 ###
Summation of wind pressure on 1 m height = 1.06 kN/m

The wind force, Fw = 36.9 kN eq. (5.1)

STABILITY CHECK:
b

H= 35.00 m
b= 3.00 m
Fw H D= 1.50 m
d= 0.50 m
t= 1.00 m
B= 4.50 m
d
D
t

Bending moment on cylinder = 665 kN.m

Over turning moment on footing = 702 kN.m
Stabilizaing moment = 1252 kN.m
Factor of Safety against over-turning = 1.78 ACCEPTED

USING FORCE COEFFICIENT:

Type of surface: Rough concrete
Equivalent surface roughness, k = 1 mm Table (7.13)
k/b = 3.3E-04
a
Concret

Figure (7.28)

Page 8 of 11
Wind Load according to EC1; EN 1991-1-4:2005 By: Dr. Mahmoud El-Kateb
Version 1.0

* Calculation of Wind load

on solid circular cylinders, chimneys

Region 1 Region 2

value of Cf,0 in region 1 = 0.0083

value of Cf,0 in region 2 = 0.86
Force coofficient, Cf,0 = 0.86 without free end flow Figure (7.28)
The force coofficient, Cf = 0.60 eq. (7.19)
Reference height, Zs = 21.00 m Figure (6.1)
The turbulent length scale, L(z) = 66.27 m eq. (B.1)
Power spectral density function, SL(z,n) = 0.04 eq. (B.2)
The background factor, B2 = 0.61 eq. (B.3)
The peak factor, kp = 3.61 eq. (B.4)
The up-crossing frequency, n = 0.60 Hz eq. (B.5)
2
The resonance respone factor, R = 0.09 eq. (B.6)
Cylinder material: Concrete or Masonary da
The fundamental frequency, n1 = 1.71 Hz eq. (F.3)
Structural damping, ds = 0.03 Table (F.2)
The structural factor, CsCd = 0.90 eq. (6.1)
The wind force, Fw = 35.5 kN eq. (5.3)

STABILITY CHECK:
b

H= 35.00 m
b= 3.00 m
Fw
H D= 1.50 m
d= 0.50 m
t= 1.00 m
B= 4.50 m
d
D
t

Bending moment on cylinder = 764 kN.m

Over turning moment on footing = 800 kN.m
Stabilizaing moment = 1252 kN.m
Factor of Safety against over-turning = 1.57 ACCEPTED

Page 9 of 11