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‫ألجامعة العراقية‬
‫كلـــــيــــــة الهــنـــدســــة‬
‫ألهندســـة ألكـــهــربائيــــــــــة‬
‫ألمرحلة الثانية‬
‫)‪(A‬‬

‫‪Core-type Transformers‬‬

‫‪:‬تحت إشراف األستاذ‬ ‫من اعداد الطالب ‪:‬‬

‫د‪.‬ب ـ ـ ـشـ ـ ـ ــار ف ـ ــرحـ ـ ـ ــان‬ ‫طــارق عمر مرسي‬

‫السنة الجامعية ‪2020 - 2019‬‬

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Core-Type Transformers

The coils used are form-wound and are of the cylindrical type. The general form of these coils may
be circular or oval or rectangular. In small size core-type transformers, a simple rectangular core is
used with cylindrical coils which are either circular or rectangular in form. But for large-size core-
type transformers, rounder circular cylindrical coils are used which are so wound as to fit over a
cruciform core section as shown in Fig. 32.8(a).

The circular cylindrical coils are used in most of the core-type transformers because of their
mechanical strength. Such cylindrical coils are wound in helical layers with the different layers
insulated from each other by paper, cloth, micarta board or cooling ducts. Fig. 32.8(c) shows the
general arrangement of these coils with respect to the core. Insulating cylinders of fuller board are
used to separate the cylindrical windings from the core and from each other. Since the low voltage
(LV) winding is easiest to insulate, it is placed nearest to the core (Fig. 32.8).

Because of laminations and insulation, the net or effective core area is reduced, due allowance for
which has to be made (Ex. 32.6). It is found that, in general, the reduction in core sectional area due
to the presence of paper, surface oxide etc. is of the order of 10% approximately. As pointed out
above, rectangular cores with rectangular cylindrical coils can be used for small-size core-type
transformers as shown in Fig. 32.9 (a) but for large-sized transformers, it becomes wasteful to use
rectangular cylindrical coils and so circular cylindrical coils are preferred.
For such purposes, square cores may be used as shown in Fig. 32.9 (b) where circles represent the
tubular former carrying the coils. Obviously, a considerable amount of useful space is still wasted. A

2
common improvement on square core is to employ cruciform core as in Fig. 32.9 (c) which demands,
at least, two sizes of core strips. For very large transformers, further core-stepping is done as in Fig.
32.9 (d) where at least three sizes of core plates are necessary. Core-stepping not only gives high
space factor but also results in reduced length of the mean turn and the consequent I 2 R loss. Three
stepped core is the one most commonly used although more steps may be used for very large
transformers as in Fig. 32.9 (e). From the geometry of Fig. 32.9, it can be shown that maximum gross
core section for Fig. 32.9 (b) is 0.5 d 2 and for Fig. 32.9 (c) it is 0.616 d2 where d is the diameter of
the cylindrical coil.
Conclusion about core type transformer

1) In a core-type transformer, the core surrounds the windings.

2) In core type transformer the lamination is cut in the form of L-shape.
3) The cross-section area of the core type transformer is rectangular.
4) The core type transformer requires more copper conductor because in core type transformer
the winding is placed on the separate limbs or legs.
5) The core type transformer is also called cylindrical or core winding transformer because their
windings are arranged as the concentric coil.
6) The core type transformer has two limbs.
7) The mechanical strength of the core type transformer is low.
8) The core type transformer required less insulation.
9) In core type transformer the flux is equally distributed to the side limb of the transformer.
10) In core type transformer both the primary and the secondary windings are placed on the side
limbs.
11) The core type transformer has two magnetic circuits.
12) The losses in a core type transformer are more because the core type transformer consists two
magnetic circuits.
13) In core type transformer few windings are removed for maintenance.
14) The output of the core type transformer is less because it has more losses.
15) In core type transformer, the natural cooling is not possible.

References

1) Theraja electrical technology for machines.

2) Hughes Electrical and electronic technology.
3) Principles of Electrical Machines.
4) Flanagan, William M. (1993). Handbook of Transformer Design & Applications  (2nd Ed.).
McGraw-Hill.
5) Mack, James E.; Shoemaker, Thomas (2006).  "Chapter 15 – Distribution Transformers".
6) Electric Machinery and Transformers (Bhag S. Guru Hiiseyin R. Hiziro)