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ABSTRACT
In this paper, the mechanical behaviour of masonry prism under typical laboratory testing conditions, such as uniaxial compression, was
simulated by means of finite element analysis by both two-dimensional and three dimensional models. The analyses were performed by assuming
damage constitutive law for the component materials (mortar and bricks). The effect of lateral stresses arising from the Poisson's effect is
emphasised and the main failure mechanism is identified, demonstrating the inability of usual plain-stress and plain-strain 2-D analysis to capture
the actual structural response in the most common practical cases. A modified 2-D model accounting for the out-of-plane interaction between
mortar and units is therefore proposed and comparative stress-strain diagrams are presented.
1359-5997 9 2004 RILEM. All rights reserved.
RI~SUMI~
Dans cet article, on analyse le comportement m~canique de briques sous chargement &pique de laboratoire, comme par exemple compression
uniaxiale, grdce (I la m(thode des Ol~mentsfinis avec des modkles 21) et 3D. L 'endommagement est pris en compte pour les dew: mat(riaux (briques et
mortier). On met en avant les effets de tension lat~rale provenant du coeflqcient de Poisson et on identifie les m(canismes principaux de rupture,
d~montrant l 'inccqJacit(des rnodkles 2D de tension plane de reproduire le comportement du mate'riau. On propose donc an modkle modifi~ 21:)qui prend
en eompte les interactions hors du plan entre le mortier et une brique, et on prOsente une comparaison tension-d~formation entre les deux modkles.
b _ b O'Y( -13Vm + v b )
A simple and very intuitive way to estimate the lateral
(5"x -- r =
stresses induced by a vertical compression load in a 1 + a[~ --Vb -- al~V m (4)
masonry prism can be derived from the classical continuum
conditions (e.g. [6, 13]). m _ m =
Fig. 4 - Constitutive law adopted in the model. Rate fzD /flD R0 = 1.25 R0 = 1.1
L. Berto et al. / Materials and Structures 38 (2005) 249-256 253
Fig. 6 - 3D finite element mesh. Fig. 8 - Bi-dimensional analysis. Finite element mesh.
Fig. 10 - First case. Enhanced plane stress - Contours of the Fig. 12 - Second case. 3D analysis - Contours of the damage
damage variables at failure: (a) tensile damage d+; (b) compressive variables before the failure: (a) tensile damage d+; (b) compressive
damage d-. damage d-.
peak strength and failure mode. In order to overcome this [16] Loffi, H.R. and Shing, B.P, 'Interface model applied to
problem, without giving up the effectiveness and the efficiency fracture of masonry structures', J. Struc. Engng, ASCE 120 (1)
of the bi-dimensional analysis, a modified 2-D model has been (1994) 63-80.
introduced and validated with the results of a fully 3D analysis. [17] Louren~o, P.B. and Rots, J.G., 'Multisurface interface model
for analysis of masonry structures', J. Engng Mech., ASCE
123 (7) (1997) 660-668.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS [18] Zucchini, A. and Louren~o, P.B., 'A micro-mechanical model
for the homogenisation of masonry', Int. J. Solids and
Structures 39 (2002) 3233-3255.
The financial support of M I U R PRIN 2003 is gratefully [19] Gambarotta, L., Lagomarsino, S. and Morbiducci, R., 'Two-
acknowledged. dimensional finite element simulation of a large scale brick
masonry wall through a continuum damage model' In
'Experimental and numerical investigation on a brick masonry
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