2016-2017 ‫ ( ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬A ) ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺎﺑﻪ‬

Q1:A spherical container holding a hot fluid at 140°C,h=20W/m2K. and

having an outer diameter of 0.4 m is insulated with three layers of each 50
mm thick insulation of k1 = 0.02: k2 = 0.06 and k3 = 0.16 W/mK. (Starting
from outside). Wall thermal conductivity is 70W/mK. Determine ( i) The
effect of critical insulation (ii) The heat loss, and iii-Interface temperatures
of insulating layers. If the atmospheric at 25°C and h=25W/m2K

i-Solution To check the critical thickness: for each insulation respectively.

rc=2h/ k for sphere=2x20/ 70=40/ 70=0.55
ii-soltion
 Q2:Which of the following arrangement of pin fins will give higher heat
transfer rate from a hot surface(50x50cm2) and surface temperature is
200°C?6 fins of 10 cm length or 12 fins of 5 cm length.

The fins are exposed to a convection environment at 15°C with convection

coefficient 25 W/m2C. Each fin has cross-sectional area 2.5 cm2, perimeter 5
cm and is made of a material having thermal conductivity 250
W/mC.Neglect the heat loss from the tip of fin.

Solution:

Tatal heat transfer =Nqf+qbase

Qbase=h(A plate-NAc)(Tb-T∞)

For case 1: Ab=NAc=6x2.5=15 cm2

Ab=40-15=25 cm2

Qbase=25x(25x10-4)(200-15) =

For case 2: Ab=NAc=12x2.5=30 cm2

Ab=40-30=10 cm2

Qbase=25x(30x10-4)(200-15) =
 Q3:The temperature distribution and boundary condition in part of a solid is
shown below; Determine.
i-The temperature at nodes marked A, B and C.ii-Also determine the heat
convected over surface exposed to convection. (k =1.5W/mK).
 Q4: A parallel flow heat exchanger is used to cool 4.2 kg/min of hot liquid
of specific heat 3.5 kJ/kg K at 130 C. A cooling water of specific heat 4.18
kJ/kg K is used for cooling purpose of a temperature of 15 C. The mass flow
rate of cooling water is 17 kg/min. Calculate the following.
1. Outlet temperature of liquid 2. Outlet temperature of water 3.
Effectiveness of heat exchanger.
IF :Overall heat transfer co-efficient is 1100 W/m2 K. Heat exchanger area is
0.30m2.
Q5:Fluid flows inside hot pipe with diameter R, constant inlet flow rate
and temperature. Derive the velocity profile -mean velocity-maximum
velocity equation at fully developed region.

Solution: Mean velocity um :

Because the velocity varies over the cross section and there is no well
defined free stream, it is necessary to work with a mean velocity (um)
when dealing with internal flow.

----------------1

Where

Since the mass flow across the pipe section is:

------------2

Equation 1= equation 2

-------
3
Force balance on the fluid element flow inside pipe (fully developed)
Velocity profile and friction factor
And from equ 8.15

……………………………..(1)

…………………….(2) substitute equ 1 into equ 2 gives

Q6: Fluid flows over the horizontal hot wall with free velocity
U∞,ρ∞,T∞.From X momentum equation and cubic velocity profile, derive:

i-Dimensionless velocity profile equation. If

ii- Average friction coefficient equation. If

Solution:

Hydrodynamic analysis for the boundary layer on the flow over the flate
plate (L aminar flow) by using integral method: By using the integral
solution for solving mass -momentum equations.

Re arrangement the mass and momentum equations into integral form

with the region (0 - δ) from the wall to the boundary layer thickness.

a- Mass equation
 ……………………………2

Boundary conditions: at y=0 and at

B:Momentume equation:

Boundary conditions: at y=δ ---- =U∞ , v=V∞ and

=0 and =0

from equation (2) and multiplying by U∞becomes

---------------4 sub eqa 4 into equ 3 gives

This is the momentum integral equation on the flat plate.((Von K arman
equation))

If pressure gradient equal to zero

For Nondimensionl form dividing by δ and U∞

VEL OCI TY PROFI L E I NSI DE THE BOUNDARY L AYER –L aminar flow

over the flat plate.

For the external laminar flow the velocity profile inside the boundary
layer depends on the four boundary conditions as follow.

At y=0 u=0 and

At y=δ u=U∞ and

Since the velocity u and v at y=0 .We assume that the velocity
profile at various x positions are similar. i.e: they have the same
functional dependence on the y coordinate. There four conditions to
satisfy> The simple function which we can choose to satisfy these conditions
is a polynomial with four arbitrary constants .Thus :

……………………….(1)

Applying the four conditions to equation (1)

C1=0 C2=3/2 C3=0 C4= -1/2

Substitute constants value into equation (1) gives

this is dimensionless velocity profile equation

inside the boundary layer –laminar external flow ….

T HE END

Dr Saadoon Fahad
05/25/2017