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IEEE1818 - 2017
Guide for the Design of Low
Voltage AC and DC Auxiliary
Systems for Substations
Sponsored by the IEEE Substations Committee
Presented By Joe Gravelle
2
1.1 Scope
• This guide provides guidelines for the design of
the ac and dc systems.
• This guide covers the low voltage auxiliary
systems from the source(s) to the distribution
point(s).
• Reliability requirements and load characteristics
5
1.2 Purpose
• The low-voltage ac and dc auxiliary systems comprise
very important parts of the substation equipment.
• Design of the ac and dc auxiliary systems
• reliability,
• load requirements,
• system configuration,
• personnel safety,
• safe and reliable operation
• protection
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3.0 Definitions
• Definitions are provided for technical terms used
in the guide.
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4.1 Introduction
• Design Criteria
• Source Requirements
• Number of sources
• 1 phase or 3 phase
• Load Requirements
4.3 AC sources
• Transformer tertiary
• Substation bus
• Distribution line
• Generators
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4.9 AC Distribution
Panelboards
• Application
• Ratings
• Short Circuit ratings
• Standards
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DC System Design
• Design Criteria
• DC Equipment
• One Line Diagram
• Batteries
• Chargers
• Panels
• Design Considerations
• Maintenance Provisions
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Battery System
30
Battery System
Single cell battery with acid
containment on a two step rack
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Operating sequence:
Substation One Line 12D3 is normally closed,
no generation on feeder circuits
Operating time for MOS 10 seconds
Transformer T1 differential:
Trip 69CB1, 69CB3, 12CB1
Open 69DT1
DC System
Battery To DC Cab.
Panel
Battery
Charger
36
DC System
distribution
cabinet(s)
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5.4 DC Batteries
Battery System
Battery Charger(s)
Battery Disconnect(s)
DC Panel(s)
Maintenance Connections
DC Loads
38
5.4 DC Batteries
39
5.4 DC Battery
41
5.4 DC Battery
42
5.4 DC Battery
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Battery Sizing
Sizing the battery using IEEE 485 (Vented Lead Acid Batteries)
Continuous Load
Momentary Load
Worst Case Tripping
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Continuous Loads
Indicating lamps,
Microprocessor Relays,
Electronic Meters,
SCADA Systems,
Annunciators,
Communication Equipment
o For loads that are non-linear such as power supplies, the current
increases as voltage declines.
o The watt rating is typically used to determine current at end of
battery cycle discharge voltage
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Momentary Loads
Lock Out Relay (LOR)
Breaker tripping
Motor Operators
Breaker Fail operation
Considerations:
o Worst Case Tripping Scenarios
o MOD use Locked Rotor rating
o Breaker Fail use SOE not sum of all currents select highest
46
Transformer T1 differential:
Trip 69CB1, 69CB3, 12CB1
Open 69DT1
Timing:
T=0cy (0 sec)
Trip 69CB1, 69CB3, 12CB1, open 69DT1
Current=12+12+8+60=92A
T=600cy (10sec)
Reclose 12CB2
Current=6A
From the above, the worst case tripping load is 96A for the 12CB1
breaker failure.
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Battery Chargers
Battery Chargers
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DC Panels
Considerations
Critical Loads vs non-Critical Loads
Circuit size
Number of circuits
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DC Panels
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DC Panels
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Design Considerations
• Battery location
• Maintenance considerations
• Working clearances
• Method for removing
battery cells
• An eyewash station
• Spill containment
systems
• Terminal Covers
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Battery Terminal
Covers
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Design Considerations
Design Considerations
• Acid spill containment
• Spill Pans
• Acid-resistant paint on the floor
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Design Considerations
• Battery racks
• Three types—step, tier, or
stepped tier
• Height variations between cells
can cause cell temperature
differences within the same
battery system
• acid-resistant coating applied to
the structural frame
• seismic zone
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Design Considerations
• Battery rack
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Design Considerations
Circuit considerations
• Grounded and ungrounded systems
• Ungrounded –Substation Control - SCADA
• Grounded ((+) grounded) – Communications
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Design Considerations -
Circuit considerations
• Isolation of Main DC cables
• Recommendations - IEEE 1375
• Battery fuse
• Battery circuit breaker
• Battery disconnect switch
• Mid-point battery fuse
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Circuit considerations
• Isolation of main dc cables - Separate the pos and neg cables
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Design Considerations
Circuit considerations
• Coordination of overcurrent protection
• Short-circuit levels
• Fuses
• Breakers
• Equipment voltage ratings
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Maintenance Provisions
• Isolation switches
• Equipment accessibility
• Back-up supplies
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Maintenance Provisions
• Testing Provisions
67
DC System
Battery To DC Cab.
Panel
Maint Charger
& Battery
Battery
Charger
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Annex
Annex A – Bibliography
Annex B - Conductor Sizing Example
Annex C – Battery Sizing Example
69
Questions?