World History Pre-AP – Duez NAME________________________________ PD:

Chapter 12 “Renaissance & Reformation 1350-1600” Time: 3 Weeks

The Italian Renaissance introduced Europe to a secular worldview and a boom in artistic and intellectual
development. Intellectual change led to Christian humanism and, finally, the Reformation—a break with
the Catholic Church and the birth of Lutheranism.
• The Renaissance began with the emergence of a secular worldview in the wealthy city-states
Section 1 of Italy. The city-states were the dominant force in Italy's economic, social, and political life. It
The was in this context that the writer Machiavelli developed his famous thesis on political power.
Renaissance
• Milan, Venice, and Florence were particularly prosperous trading centers. Italy's riches prompted
France to invade. Spain came to Italy's defense, leading to war and Spanish domination.
• Italy was a largely urban society. However, most people in Europe were peasants, and nobles
held considerable power. In the towns and cities, there were clear divisions between the classes,
ranging from the wealthy and influential patricians to the miserably poor. The family was an
important source of security in Italy's dangerous cities.
Lorenzo de Medici Cosimo de Medici mercenary
Petrarch Urban society secular
Baldassare Castiglione Charles I of Spain dowry
• Humanism was a key intellectual movement of the Renaissance, focusing on the study of the
Section 2 ancient Greek and Roman classics. While early humanists emphasized solitary learning, fifteenth
The century humanists stressed intellectualism in the service of the state. Petrarch was called the
Intellectual father of Italian Renaissance humanism.
and Artistic
Renaissance • Humanism encouraged the use of classical Latin. However, European writers such as Dante and
Chaucer wrote in their own vernacular. Humanist schools taught a broad range of liberal
studies.
• Renaissance artists sought to imitate nature, but also to make human beings the focus of their
works. Painting, sculpture, and architecture were among the revolutionary achievements.
• Some Renaissance artists, including Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, produced
masterpieces in all three disciplines. Artistic developments in Italy were a major influence on art
in northern Europe.
Albert Durer Mona Lisa Brunelleschi
Jan van Eyck Masaccio Donatello
fresco Liberal studies (liberal arts) Raphael
• Changes in intellectual thought set the stage for the Protestant Reformation. Christian
Section 3 humanists such as Erasmus were critical of Church corruption and said the Church had
The Protestant become involved in politics rather than matters of the spirit.
Reformation
• The widespread selling of indulgences prompted a monk and professor named Martin Luther
And to issue his famous Ninety-Five Theses criticizing Church abuses. Luther also rejected some
Catholic doctrines.
Section 4 • Luther's movement sparked a religious revolution. Many German states became key allies for
The Spread of Luther as he broke with the Catholic Church and established a new religion. The emperor of the
Protestantism Holy Roman Empire was ultimately forced by the Peace of Augsburg to let German states
and the choose between Catholicism and the new Lutheran church.
Catholic • Division in Protestantism appeared in Switzerland under the leadership of Uldrich Zwingli and
Response then John Calvin. Calvinists’ belief in predestination spurred missionaries to spread their
faith.
• In England, the Reformation was based on the political need of Henry VIII to remarry and
produce a male heir. Although Queen Mary later tried to reverse the break with the Catholic
Church, by the end of her reign Protestantism was firmly entrenched.
• Anabaptists believed in the complete separation of church and state and were regarded as a
danger to society. Although a new view of the family emerged, women were still considered
subservient to their husbands.
• In the meantime, the Catholic Reformation revitalized the Catholic Church through the Jesuits,
the reform of the papacy, and the Council of Trent.
Charles V salvation Catherine of Aragon
Edict of Worms annul Ignatius Loyola
1. “As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs!”
2. “Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched.”
Questions are due on Tuesday, Feb. 1st 6. p. 387 #5
1. p. 376 Reading Check 7. p. 387 #7
2. p. 381 R.C. 8. p. 393 Reading Check Question 1
3. P. 381 #5 9. p. 398 RC
4. p. 384 RC 10. p. 401 #4
5. p. 386 Reading Check Question 1 Vocabulary Quiz on Wed. & Thu., Feb 2nd & 3rd
Test is Wednesday or Friday, Feb. 4th