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LERTY

SA PE
R PRO DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
FO NT
T ME
O N

Schools Division of Bulacan,


N OVER

City of Malolos, Bulacan


G

FAULTS
Science 8

SELF-LEARNING KIT
SECOND QUARTER 1
Foreword

This Self Learning Kit (SLK) is intended for Grade 8 science students.
The objective of this SLK is to explain how movements along faults
generate earthquakes by using models and illustrations.

The activities in this SLK are made for the learners to connect
earthquakes with faults and explain how earthquakes occur.

Understanding how movements along faults generates earthquake


help prepare themselves to earthquake occurrence by making a home-
based emergency plans.

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What Happened?

Learning Competencies
1. The learner should be able to explain how movements along faults generate
earthquakes using a model or illustration.
CODE: S8ES-IIa-14
Objectives

1. Illustrate the structure of a fault


2. Differentiate the types of fault from each other
Let us encircle the differences between the two pictures and complete the
sentences below.

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What Do You Need to Know?

Stress in the earth’s crust push the sides


of the fault together. Faults are fractures in the
Earth’s crust where rocks on either side of the
crack have slid past each other.
The main components of a fault are:
(1) the fault plane- . It is a flat surface that
may be vertical or sloping.
(2) the fault trace-. The line the fault plane
makes on the Earth’s surface.
(3) the hanging wall- the upper side of the
fault.
(4) the footwall- the lower side of the fault.
Faults are categorized into three general
groups base on the sense of slip or movement
namely Normal, Reverse and Strike-slip.
Normal Fault is formed due to tensional forces that pull the crust apart. The forces
move the crust vertically apart. The foot wall moves up and the hanging wall on the other
side moves down.
Reverse Fault on the contrary, is formed due to strong compressional forces and
push the crust towards each other. The forces likewise move the crust vertically apart. The

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Activiy 1: FAULT-y

Illustrate the following in the space privided after each item


a. A cross-section of a normal fault. Label the following terms on your drawing: fault plane, fault trace,
hanging wall, foot wall.

b. Three types of fault. Label the hanging wall and the foot wall.

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Activiy 2: Is it normal?

Complete the table below.

In column 2, draw arrows to represent the forces present in the given type of fault
In column 3, Identify the type of force acting on a fault

COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2 COLUMN 3


Types of fault Direction of the force Type of forces acting on
(draw two arrows to a fault
show the direction )
Normal

Reverse

Strike-slip

(Source: Google.com.ph, 2019)

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What Have You Learned?

Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is not true about faults


a. Faults are formed at the jagged edges of two tectonic plates usually transform and
divergent boundaries.
b. They are formed when the forces go beyond the elastic limit of the rock masses.
c. They are areas where two plates move sideways or slide past each other.
d. They are zones of weakness in the crust where earthquakes occur repeatedly.

2. Normal Fault is formed due to:


a. Horizontal forces that slide past each other.
b. Compresion Force
c. Tension Force
d. All of the above
3. In a Normal Fault,
a. Footwall moves up while hanging wall moves down.
b. Footwall moves down while hanging wall moves up.
c. Both hanging wall and footwall move down.
d. Hanging wall slide past the foot wall.

4. It is the type of fault where earthquakes originates.


a. Active fault c. Interactive fault
b. Inactive fault d. Hyoeractive fault

5. In a reverse fault,
a. Footwall moves up while hanging wall moves down.
b. Footwall moves down while hanging wall moves up.
c. Both hanging wall and footwall move down.
d. Hanging wall slide past the foot wall.

6. The line the fault plane makes the earth’s surface.


a.earthquake b. fault trace c. hanging wall d. footwall

7. A part of the fault that is a flat surface that may be vertical or sloping.
a. fault plane b. fault trace c. hanging wall d. footwall
8. The sudden movement of the earth’s crust caused by the release of stress accumulated
along faults.
a. Tornado b. vulcanism c. earthquake d. faulting

9. A type of fault formed due to the string compression forces annd pushes the crust
towards each othere.
a. Normal b. Reverse c. Tension d. Strike-slip

10. A fault due to the horizontal forces that slide past the crust each other.
a. Normal b. Reverse c. Tension d. Strike-slip

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References

Anon, (2019). [online] Available at: http://www/earthscienceweek.


org/classroom-activities/a-model-of-three-faults [Accessed 5 Feb.
2019].

Aquino, M., Valdoz, M., Mariano, J., Bascara, M. and Madriaga, E.


(2013). Science Links. 1st ed. Manila: Rex Book Store Inc, pp.354-364.

Google.com.ph. (2019). types of fault - Google Search. [online] Avail-


able at: https://www.google.com.ph/search?hl=en&biw=1242&bi-
h=553&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=4e9fXLCqC5Cb9QOmoYfgDg&q=-
types+of+fault&oq=types+&gs_l=img.1.0.35i39j0i67l4j0j0i67j0l3.3104
87.311402..313254...0.0..0.182.881.0j6......1....1..gws-wiz-img.Zhg6TR-
k2eyg#imgrc=hqOmq3LO2TuK_M: [Accessed 10 Feb. 2019].

Google.com.ph. (2019). strike slip fault - Google Search. [online] Avail-


able at: https://www.google.com.ph/search?hl=en&biw=1242&bi-
h=553&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=kC5hXO31Ftf8rQG3y7vwAg&q=strike+slip+-
fault&oq=strike+slip+fault&gs_l=img.3..35i39l2j0i67j0l7.1845.2443..2
905...0.0..0.210.771.0j4j1......1....1..gws-wiz-img.......0i7i30.zlTQ5QKn-
HCA#imgrc=4GXSXgHDZEZWvM: [Accessed 11 Feb. 2019].
ThoughtCo. (2019). Do You Know the Different Types of Faults?. [on-
line] Available at: https://www.thoughtco.com/fault-types-with-dia-
grams-3879102 [Accessed 5 Feb. 2019].

Onslowcountync.gov. (2019). Earthquakes | Onslow County, NC. [on-


line] Available at: http://www.onslowcountync.gov/613/Earthquakes
[Accessed 5 Feb. 2019].

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This material was contextualized by the Department of Education
Schools Division of Bulacan
Learning Resource Management and Development Center
CALUMPIT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calumpang, Calumpit Bulacan

MA. RODALYN T. SANTIAGO


Writer

CHERRYL G. BORLONGAN
Writer - Illustrator

MARCO PAOLO M. VICTORIANO


Writer - Layout Artist

EFREN M. SANTIAGO
Principal IV

MARINELLA P. GARCIA - SY, Ph.D.


Education and Program Supervisor - Science

AGNES R. BERNARDO, Ed. D.


Education Program Supervisor -Science and Technology/
ALternative Delivery Mode of Education Focal Person

GLENDA S. CONSTANTINO JOANNARIE C. GARCIA


Project Development Officer II Librarian II

RAINELDA M. BLANCO, Ph. D.


LRMDS Supervisor

GREGORIO C. QUINTO, JR., Ed. D.


Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

ZENIA G. MOSTOLES, Ed. D., CESO V


Schools Division Superintendent

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Synopsis

Faults are zones of weakness in the crust where earthquakes


occur repeatedly. Its main components are fault plane, fault trace,
hanging wall and footwall.
In a Normal Fault, the foot wall moves up while the hanging wall
moves down due to the tensional forces that pull the crust apart. In
a Reverse Fault, the hanging wall moves up while the footwall moves
down due to compressional forces that push the crust towards each
other. In a Strike-slip Fault, the two layers of rocks between the faults are
shifted horizontally and parallel to the fault plane. due to the horizontal
forces that slide the crust past each other.

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