Instruction: Answer the following problems.
Please try to
time yourself in solving the problem.
1. A boy is one-third as old as his brother and 8 years younger
than his sister. The sum of their ages is 38 years. How old
is each of them?
Answer: brother = 18, sister = 14
2. Maria is 12 years older than her sister Josie. Six years ago,
Maria was four times as old as Josie. Find their ages now.
Answer: Josie = 10, Maria = 22
3. Eight years ago, Manny was three times as old as Ronnie.
Now he is only twice as old as Ronnie. Find their ages.
Answer: Ronnie = 16, Manny = 32
4. Letty is 10 years older than Cory who is half as old as Ben.
If the total of their ages is 54 years, find their respective
ages now.
Answer: Cory=11 years, Letty=21, Ben=22
5. In what time would A, B, and C together do a piece of work
if A alone could do it in 6 hours more, B alone in 1 hour
more, and C alone in twice the time?
Answer: 2/3 hr = 40 min
6. A can do a piece of work in p days, while B can do the same
work in q days. In how many days can they do the work
together?
Answer: pq/(p + q) days
7. A can do a piece of work in p days, B in q days, and C in r
days. In how many days can they do the work together?
Answer: pqr/(p+q+r) days
8. A can do a job in 8 days, and A and B can do the job
together in 3 days. How long would it take B to do job alone?
Answer: 4.8 days
9. One pipe can fill a tank alone in 6 hours, another pipe can
fill it alone in 9 hours. A drain pipe can empty the tank in 12
hours. If the tank is empty, and all three pipes are open,
how long will it take to fill the tank?
Answer: 4.8 hrs
10. Find the number which is 7/4 times the excess of the
number over 3.
Answer: 420
11. The difference between two numbers is 24 and their sum is
60. Find the numbers.
Answer: 18 and 42
12. Find two consecutive odd numbers such that thrice the
smaller number exceeds the larger by 12.
Answer: 7 and 9
13. Find two consecutive positive even numbers such that the
difference of their squares is 76.
Answer: 18 and 20
14. A goldsmith has two alloys of gold, the first being 70% pure
gold, and the second 60% pure gold. How many grams of
each must be used to make 100 grams of an alloy which
will be 66% pure gold?
Answer: 70% alloy = 60 grams, 60% alloy = 40 grams
15. A chemist has two alcohol solutions of different strengths,
30% alcohol and 45% alcohol solutions, respectively. How
many cubic cm of each must be used so as to make a
mixture of 30 cubic cm which will contain 39$ alcohol?
Answer: 30% alc = 12 cm3, 45% alc = 18 cm3
16. Determine how much water should be evaporated from 50
kg of a 30% salt solution to produce a 60% salt solution. All
percentages are by weight.
Answer: 25 kg
17. How many liters of 45% alcohol solution must be added to
60 liters of a 15% alcohol solution to obtain a 25% alcohol
solution?
Answer: 30 liters
18. Rice worth P15.00 per kg is to be mixed with rice worth
P20.00 per kg to make up 50 kg of a mixture to sell at
P18.00 per kg. Determine the weight of each kind of rice in
the mixture.
Answer: P15/kg = 20 kg, P20/kg = 30 kg
19. A and B start at the same time from two places 136 km apart
toward each other. A travels 10 km/hr, and B 8 km/hr. If B
rests 1 hour on the way, in how many hours will they meet?
Answer: 8 hrs
20. A runs around a circular track in 60 seconds, and B in 50
seconds. Five seconds after A starts, B starts from the
same point in the same direction. When will they be
together for the first time, assuming they run around the
track continuously?
Answer: 330 seconds or 5.5 minutes
21. A runs around a circular track in 60 seconds, and B in 50
seconds. Five seconds after A starts, B starts from the
same point in the opposite direction. When will they be
together for the first time, assuming they run around the
track continuously?
Answer: 30 seconds
22. Two cars, A and B, with average speeds of 40 and 50 km/hr,
respectively, are 22- km apart. Car A starts at 8:00 AM
toward B, while N starts at 9:00 AM toward A. At what time
will they meet?
Answer: 11:00 AM
23. A motorboat has an average of 20 km/hr in still water. It can
travel upstream 5 km against a river current in the same
time that it can travel downstream 7 km with the river
current. What is the speed of the current?
Answer: 3 1/3 kph
24. A man started on his bicycle for Manila, a distance of 30
km, intending to arrive at a certain time. After riding 10 km
he was detained for half and hour, and as a result he was
obliged to ride the rest of the way 2 kph faster. What was
his original speed?
Answer: 8 kph
25. A cat is now 50 of her leaps ahead of a dog which is
pursuing her. How many more leaps will the cat take before
it is overtaken if she takes 5 leaps while the dog takes 4
leaps, but 2 of the dog’s leaps are equivalent to 3 of the
cat’s leaps?
Answer: 250 leaps
26. A policeman is pursuing a thief who is ahead of 72 of his
own steps. The thief takes 6 steps while the policeman is
taking 5 steps, but 4 steps of the thief are as long as 3 steps
of the policeman. How many leaps will each make before
the thief is caught?
Answer: 540 steps for policeman, 648 steps for thief
27. A and B submitted separate proposals for the construction
of a bridge, A offering the lower price for the winning bid.
Had A and B reduced their bid prices by 5% and 10%,
respectively, A would still have won the bid, but the
difference in their bids would have been reduced by P3,000.
If the sum total of the bids is P90,000, what are the bids of
A and B?
Answer: A’s bid = P40,000, B’s bid = 50,000
28. A man has P100,000, part of which he invests at 12%
interest and the rest at 18%. He received a total annual
interest of P15,300. How much did he invest at each rate?
Answer: 12% = P45000, 18% = P55000
29. A fruit vendor goes to market to buy fruits for resale at her
store. She spends half her money for mangoes, and one-
third of what remains for bananas. She spends P150 for
other fruits and still has P200 left from the amount she
originally had. How much money did she have at the start?
Answer: P1,050.00
30. A parcel of land in the form of a rectangle is 6 m longer than
its width. If it were 3 m shorter and 2 m wider its area would
be decreased by 14 sq. m. find its dimensions.
Answer: 26 m x 20 m
31. One angle of a triangle is half the second, and the third is
30 degrees more than the second. Find the angles it being
known that sum of the interior angles of any triangle is 180
degrees.
Answer: 30°, 60°, 90°
32. At what time between 4 and 5 o’clock are the hands of a
clock, (a) opposite each other (b) coincident (c) right
angles?
Answer: (a) 4:54 (b) 4:21 (c) 4:05 and 4:38
33. It is between 3 and 4 o’clock, and in 20 minutes the minute
hand will be as much after the hour hand as it is now behind
it. What is the time?
Answer: 3:06
34. At what time will the hands of a clock be in a straight line
between 7:00 o’clock and 8:00 o’clock (a) in the morning?
(b) in the evening?
Answer: (a) 7:05 AM and 7:38 AM (b) 7:38 AM
35. In a certain community of p persons a% can read and write;
of the males alone b% and of the females c% can read and
write. Find the number of males and females in the
community.
Answer: males = (a-c)p/(b-c), females = (b-a)p/b-c
36. During the last election, the total number of voters recorded
in a certain municipality was 8,600. Had one-third of RM’s
supporters stayed away from the polls and one-half of EQ’s
behaved likewise, RM’s majority would have been reduced
by 200. How many votes did RM and Q actually received?
Answer: RM = 5400, EQ = 3200
37. A certain Loan Association has invested in three different
transactions. The first investment is in real estate earning
9% interest annually, second investment is in loans earning
6% annually; and the third investment in bonds earning 4%
annually. The total annual income is P3,400, but the annual
interest in loans is three times that in bonds. How much is
each investment?
Answer: real estate: P20,000; loans: P20,000; bonds:
P10,000
38. A basket of oranges costing P80.00 was jointly purchased
by three housewives A, B, and C. One-half of what A paid
added to 1/5 of what B paid and 1/10 of what C paid will
total P30.00; and the sum that A paid increased by 1/8 of
what paid B diminished by ¼ of what C paid will make it
P50.00 How much did each pay?
Answer: A = P50.00; B = P20.00; C = P10.00
39. A owes P50.00 and B owes P30.00. A could pay all his
debts if besides his own money he had 2/5 of B’s; and B
could pay all but P1,000 of his debts if besides his own
money he had ½ of A’s. How much does each have?
Answer: A = P48,000; B = P5,000
40. A sum of money at compound interest amounts to
P10,035.20 in 2 years and to P12,588.16 in 4 years. What
are the sum of money and the rate of interest?
Answer: P8,000 and 12%
41. Seven carpenters and 5 masons earn a total of P2,300 per
day. At the same rate of pay 3 carpenters and 8 masons
earn P2,040. What are the wages per day of a carpenter
and a mason?
Answer: carpenter = P200; mason = P180
42. A man has three sums of money invested, one at 12%, one
at 10%, the last at 8%. His total annual income from the
three investments is P2,100. The first investment yields as
much as the other two combined. If he could receive 1%
more on each investment his annual income would be
increased by P202.50. How much is his investment at each
rate?
Answer: P8,750, P6,500; P5,000
43. Maria is 36 years old. Maria was twice as old as Anna was
when Maria was as old as Ann is now. How old is Anna
now?
Answer: 24 years old
44. The sum of the ages of a married couple and their four
children is 40 years over the century mark. Ten years ago,
the sum of the ages of the couple, the eldest child and the
second child is 5 decades and 5 years less than the sum of
all (the six of them) their ages now. The father’s age is 10
times the age of the youngest, while the mother’s age is 8
times that of the youngest. The difference between the age
of the second child and the sum of the ages of the third and
the last child is zero, while the difference between the ages
of the first child and the sum of the ages of the second and
last child is also zero. Find their ages.
Answer: father=50; mother=40; 1st child=20; 2nd child=15;
3rd child=10; 4th child=5
45. In an organization, there are CEs, EEs, and MEs. The su of
their ages is 2,160; their average age is 36; the average of
the CEs and MEs is 39; of the Mes and EEs 32 8/11; of the
CEs and EEs 36 2/3. If each CE had been one year older,
each EEs 7 years and each MEs 6 years older, their
average age would have been greater by 5 years. Find the
number in each group and their average ages.
Answer: CE = 16; ME = 24, EE = 20
Ave ages: CE = 45; ME = 35; EE = 30
46. A and B can do a piece of work in p days, B and C in q days,
and C and A in r days. In how many days can each do the
work alone?
Answer: A = 2pqr/(pq+qr-pr)
B = 2pqr/(pr+qr-pq)
C = 2pqr/(pq+pr-qr)
47. A and B can do a piece of work in p days, B and C in q days,
and C and A in r days. In how many days can they work
together?
Answer: 2pqr/(pq+pr+qr)
48. A certain job can be done by A and B working together in 5
days, B and C together can do the job in 4 days, and A and
C together in 3 days. If each of them works alone, in how
many days can each do the work?
Answer: A = 7 1/120 days
B = 17 1/120 days
C = 5 1/24 days
49. A man and a boy can do in 15 days a piece of work which
would be done by 7 men and 9 boys in 2 days. How long
would it take one man to do it alone?
Answer: 20 days
50. A and B can do a piece of work in 42 days; B and C in 31
days; and C and A in 20 days.
(a) In how many days can each worker do the work?
(b) In how many days can all of them do the work
together?
Answer: (a) A = 48.13 days; B = 329.62 days; C = 34.22
days; (b) 19 days