Sustainable Development MCQs

1. Any adulterated elements leak into the ground, filtration, and are carried into groundwater reservoir is known as
A) Land Contamination
B) Noise Pollution
C) Water Pollution
D) Air pollution
Answer: C
2. South Africa is leading exporter of which mineral?
A) Copper
B) Diamond
C) Silver
D) Gold
Answer: D
3. Which option is correct, when we only accomplish two out of three pillars of Sustainable Development?
A) Economic + Environmental Sustainability = Viable
B) Social + Environmental Sustainability = Bearable
C) Social + Economic Sustainability = Equitable
D) None of the above
Answer: D
4. The word ‘Sustainable Development’ came into existence in the year?
A) 1992
B) 1978
C) 1980
D) 1987
Answer: C
5. The United Nation’s Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was started by the UN General Assembly in
the year.
A) 1995
B) 1994
C) 1993
D) 1992
Answer: D
6. After mining the huge holes left behind is used for
A) Wastewater storage
B) Waste and water storage
C) Waste Disposal
D) Waste Storage
Answer: C
7. Mercury and lead are toxic elements, which causes
A) Noise Pollution
B) Air Pollution
C) Water Pollution
D) Land contamination
Answer: D
8. The other word of Landscaping is
A) Reduction
B) Restoration
C) Removing topsoil
D) Restore
Answer: B
9. Whenever the price of the mineral remains high, the firm seeks for
A) New countries
B) Remains the same
C) New miners
D) New deposits
Answer: D
10. Which of the option is not incorporated as sustainable development parameters?
A) Gender disparity and diversity
B) Inter and Intra-generation equity
C) Carrying capacity
D) None of the above
Answer: D

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) on Sustainable Development

1-Modern concept of sustainable development focuses more on
(A) economic development
(B) social development
(C) environmental protection
(D) all of the above

2-Sustainability Science is the study of the concepts of sustainable development and ___ .
(A) environmental science
(B) general science
(C) social science
(D) geo science
3-As per United Nations, following is (are) the broader issue(s) of human development
(A) education
(B) public health
(C) standard of living
(D) all of the above

4-United Nations (UN) decade of education for sustainable development is from

(A) 2002-11
(B) 2003-12
(C) 2004-13
(D) 2005-14

5-Numbers of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by United Nations are

(A) 15
(B) 16
(C) 17
(D) 18

6-The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognize that all countries must stimulate action in the following key
areas.
(A) people, planet, prosperity, peace and partnership
(B) people, planet, prosperity, plants and planning
(C) people, planet, prosperity, plants and partnership
(D) people, planet, prosperity, peace and planning

7-Sustainable development can be thought of in terms of three spheres i.e.

(A) environment, economy and society
(B) environment, economy and equity
(C) environment, ecology and society
(D) environment, economy and ecology

8-When the consumption of natural resources are equal to nature’s ability to replenish then sustainability is
(A) not sustainable
(B) steady state economy
(C) environmentally sustainable
(D) none of the above

9- A promising direction towards sustainable development is to design systems that are

(A) flexible and irreversible
(B) flexible and reversible
(C) inflexible and reversible
(D) inflexible and irreversible

10-Following is (are) the element(s) of sustainable agriculture

(A) permaculture
(B) agroforestry
(C) mixed farming
(D) all of the above
11-Sustainable energy
(A) is clean
(B) can be used over a long period of time
(C) both (A) and (B)
(D) none of the above

12-The technology which meets the sustainable development needs is often referred to as
(A) advanced technology
(B) appropriate technology
(C) sustainable technology
(D) adaptive technology

13-The criterion for corporate sustainability

(A) eco-efficiency
(B) socio-efficiency
(C) both (A) and (B)
(D) none of the above

14-Four domains of circles of sustainability, used by the United Nations.

(A) economic, ecological, political and cultural
(B) economic, social, political and cultural
(C) economic, ecological, social and cultural
(D) economic, ecological, political and social

15-The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) is also known as

(A) Rio 2010
(B) Rio 2011
(C) Rio 2012
(D) Rio 2013

ANSWERS:
1-(D), 2-(A), 3-(D), 4-(D), 5-(C), 6-(A), 7-(A), 8-(B), 9-(B), 10-(D), 11-(C), 12-(B), 13-(C), 14-(A), 15-(C)

1. What is sustainable development?

A. The development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

B. To conserve natural resources and to develop alternate sources of power while

reducing pollution and harm to the environment.

C. It is the practice of developing land and construction projects in a manner that

reduces their impact on the environment by allowing them to create energy efficient
models of self-sufficiency.

D. All of the above

Ans: D
2. Which of the following is correct, if we only achieve two out of three pillars
of Sustainable Development?
A. Social + Economic Sustainability = Equitable
B. Social + Environmental Sustainability = Bearable

C. Economic + Environmental Sustainability = Viable

D. All of the above

Ans: D
GK Questions and Answers on Environment Degradation and Management
3. Consider the following statement (s) related to the Sustainability.
I. It refers to a process or state that can be maintained indefinitely.

II. Natural resources must use in ways that do not create ecological debts by over
exploiting the carrying and productive capacity of the earth.

III. A minimum necessary condition for sustainability is the maintenance of the total
natural capital stock at or above the current level.

Code:

A. Only I

B. Only II

C. Only II & III

D. I, II & III

Ans: D
4. Which of the following is/are not an objective (s) of sustainable
development?
A. Continue to implement the family planning program.

B. Maintain a dynamic balance of arable land (not less than 123 million hectares) and
implement an agricultural development strategy

C. Maintain a dynamic balance of water resources by reducing water consumption for

every unit of gross development product growth and agricultural value added

D. To bring about a gradual and sometime catastrophic transformation of environment

Ans: D
GK Questions and Answers on the Biodiversity and Legislation
5. What are the Primary Goals of Sustainability?
I. The end of poverty and hunger

II. Better standards of education and healthcare - particularly as it pertains to water

quality and better sanitation
III. To achieve gender equality

IV. Sustainable economic growth while promoting jobs and stronger economies

Code:

A. I, II & III

B. I, III & IV

C. I & III

D. I, II, III & IV

Ans: D
6. When was the term ‘Sustainable Development’ came into existence?
A. 1987

B. 1980

C. 1978

D. 1992

Ans: B
GK Questions and Answers on Ecological Succession and Pyramid
7. The United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was
established by the UN General Assembly in December-------.
A. 1992

B. 1993

C. 1994

D. 1995

Ans: A
8. Which of the following UN commission is responsible for reviewing progress
in the implementation of Agenda 21 and the Rio Declaration on Environment
and Development?
A. United Nation Disarmament Commission

B. United Nations Statistical Commission

C. United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD)

D. United Nations Commission on Human Rights

Ans: C
GK Questions and Answers on the Hot Spots of Biodiversity
9. Consider the following statement (s) related to the parameters of
sustainable development refer to the guiding principles.
I. Help in understanding the concept of sustainable development

II. Point the problems associated with it

III. Help to take active policy measures

Code:

A. Both I & II

B. Bot II & III

C. Both I & IV

D. I, II & III

Ans: D
10. Which of the following is not included in the parameters of sustainable
development?
A. Carrying capacity

B. Inter and Intra-generation equity

C. Gender disparity and diversity

D. None of the above

Ans: D

1. The value-action gap refers to ______.

a. the space that occurs when the values (personal and cultural) or attitudes of an individual do not correlate to
his or her actions
b. the space that diminishes when the values (personal and cultural) or attitudes of an individual mirror his or
her actions
c. the opportunity cost of lost value when making decisions

Answer: A

2. Elkington’s (1994) triple bottom line consists of ______.

a. social, environment, economic

b. technology, environment, economic
c. culture, environment, economic
Answer: A

3. In the Fourth Pillar Model (Giddings et al., 2002), which of the following refers to the fourth pillar in sustainable
development?

a. technological
b. social
c. cultural

Answer: C

4. Which is TRUE?

a. Ecological modernization is a school of thought in the social sciences that argues that the economy benefits
from moves towards environmentalism.
b. Ecological modernization is a school of thought in which ecologists argue for cleaner air and thus less air
pollution.
c. Ecological modernization is a school of thought in engineering that argues that the societal benefits of
cleaner fuel are greater than the cost of introducing such modernization.

Answer: A

5. The primary driver behind many ecological and even societal threats is ______.

a. out-of-control politicians
b. human population growth
c. CO2 emissions

Answer: B

6. Overall, environmentalism advocates ______.

a. the removal of diesel vehicles from our roads

b. the preservation, restoration and/or improvement of the natural environment
c. encouraging local councils to build more cycle lanes as alternative means of transportation

Answer: B

7. People who green wash are ______.

a. using a form of spin in which green PR or green marketing is deceptively used to promote the perception
that an organization’s products, aims or policies are environmentally friendly
b. using a form of spin in which the colour green is used in all marketing communications activity to promote
the perception that an organization's products, aims or policies are environmentally friendly
c. using green PR or green marketing to guarantee that an organization's products, aims or policies are
environmentally friendly

Answer: A

8. Anti-consumerism is ______.

a. a hate-crime against those wishing to indulge in retail therapy

b. an international treaty designed to continue with (and in some cases bring back) a ban on Sunday trading
c. a socio-political ideology that is opposed to consumerism, the continual buying and consuming of material
possessions
Answer: C

9. The ecological footprint measures ______.

a. how much of the planet Earth we have uncovered

b. human demand on nature, i.e., the quantity of nature it takes to support people or an economy
c. the biologically productive area needed to provide for everything a family uses

Answer: B

10. Which is TRUE about hyper-consumption?

a. It is the consumption of goods for non-functional purposes and the associated significant pressure to
consume those goods exerted by the modern, capitalist society, as those goods shape one's identity.
b. It is the official name for what is colloquially known as Black Friday.
c. Hypermarkets first instigated the notion of hyper-consumption.

Answer: A

1. UNCED stands for……….

A. United Nations Confederation on Environment and Development

B. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

C. United Nations Conference on Economical Development

D. United Nations Confederation on Economy and Development

Ans: B
2. What does mean “Agenda 21”?
A. It’s an agreement between 20 developing countries of the world on climate change.

B. It’s a free trade agreement between 7 developed countries of the world.

C. Agenda 21 is a non-binding, voluntarily implemented action plan of the United

Nations with regard to sustainable development.

D. None of the above

Ans: C
3. What is not true about “The Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro 1992”?
I. The first global environment conference, the UN sought to help Governments rethink
economic development and find ways to halt the destruction of
irreplaceable natural resources and pollution of the planet.
II. The first global environment conference, the UN sought to help Governments rethink
political development and find ways to halt the destruction of irreplaceable natural
resources and pollution of the planet.
III. The second global environment conference, the UN sought to help Governments
rethink environmental development and find ways to halt the destruction of irreplaceable
natural resources and pollution of the planet.
Code:
A. Only I

B. Only II

C. I, II, III

D. All are incorrect

Ans: A
4. Consider the following statement (s) related to Rio+20 ,1992
I. Securing renewed political commitment for inclusive development
II. Assessing the progress and implementation gaps in meeting previous commitments.
III. Addressing new and emerging challenges.
What is/ are not the objective of Rio+20, 1992 conference?
Code:
A. Only I

B. Only II

C. Only I & II

D. I, II, III

Ans: A
5. Basel Convention is related to the:
A. Trans-boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal

B. Ozone layer depletion

C. Sustainable development

D. Earth summit

Ans: A
GK Questions and Answers on the Sustainable
development and Agriculture
6. Since when Basel convention became effective?
A. 1989

B. 1998

C. 1983

D. 1992
Ans: D
7. Which of the following statement/s is true about Basel convention?
I. It does not address the movement of radioactive waste.
II. It became effective from 5 May 1998.
III. It became effective from 5 May 1992.
IV. Basel is based in Switzerland.
Choose option/s
A. Only II, III, & IV

B. I,III & IV

C. Only I, II & IV

D. Only I & IV

Ans: B
8. Which of the followings are the aims of the Basel Convention?
I. The reduction of hazardous waste generation and the promotion of environmentally
sound management of hazardous wastes, wherever the place of disposal;
II. The restriction of trans-boundary movements of hazardous wastes except where it is
perceived to be in accordance with the principles of environmentally sound
management.
III. A Regulatory system applying to cases where trans-boundary movements are
permissible.
A. Only I & II

B. Only I & III

C. Only II & III

D. All of the above

Ans: D
9. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is an international
environmental treaty, signed in 2001 and effective from:
A. 2004

B. 2005

C. 2009

D. 2010

Ans: A
10. In the word “COP”, C stands for:
A. Confederation

B. Conference
C. Community

D. Climate

Ans: B

1) Which of the following are the 17 new Sustainable Development Goals?

1) Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources
2) Reduce inequality within and among countries
3) Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

a. 1, 3
b. 2, 3
c. 1, 2
d. All of the above
Answer Explanation

ANSWER: All of the above

Explanation:
The goals are to be achieved in 15 years i.e. till 2030. The goals are –
1. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
2. Reduce inequality within and among countries
3. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
4. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
5. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
6. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat
desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
7. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build
effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
8. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development

2) Which of the following are the 17 new Sustainable Development Goals?

1) Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
2) End 80% poverty in all its forms everywhere
3) Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
a. 1, 2
b. 1, 3
c. 2, 3
d. All of the above
Answer Explanation

ANSWER: 1, 3
Explanation:
The goals are to be achieved in 15 years i.e. till 2030. The goals are -
1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere;
2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture;
3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages;
4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all;
5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
6. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
7. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work
for all
9. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all

3) Sustainable Development Goals and targets are to be achieved by-

a. 2020
b. 2025
c. 2030
d. 2050
Answer Explanation

ANSWER: 2030
Explanation:
On September 25th, countries will have the opportunity to adopt a set of global goals to end poverty, protect the
planet, and ensure prosperity for all as part of a new sustainable development agenda. Each goal has specific targets
to be achieved over the next 15 years.

4) ”A Million Voices: The World We Want" is report by -

a. WHO
b. IUCN
c. UNISEF
d. UN
Answer Explanation

ANSWER: UN
Explanation:
The voices of more than 1 million people all over the world were gathered to produce a United Nations report that
reflects their priorities concerning development issues, which will help Member States shape the post-2015
sustainability agenda.

1. Which two of the following are widely regarded as being important aspects of 'sustainable social
and economic development?

Correct Answers: Inter-generational equity

Intra-generational equity

2. Which of the following technical conditions is an important part of the 'strong sustainability
rule'?

Correct Answer: Each element within the total stock of capital should not fall over time

3. Which three of the following are widely regarded as characteristics of globalisation?

Correct Answers: The lives of all individuals are increasingly interconnected by events
worldwide

Events occurring in one place have almost instantaneous (real-time)

impacts worldwide

The nation state and its associated borders seem increasingly irrelevant

4. Which of the following perspectives takes the strongest stance in support of sustainability?

Correct Answer: Deep ecology

Please see Fig. 5.1 in the text.

 5. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the World Trade Organisation (WTO)?

Correct Answer: Supporting the use of non-tariff rather than tariff barriers wherever possible

Question 1

Although companies are increasingly recognizing the negative impacts they have on society, many
are also increasingly trying to contribute positively to societal development through_____________.

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:
d) Corporate social responsibility programmes.
Feedback:
Although companies are increasingly recognizing the negative impacts they have on society
('externalities'), many are also increasingly trying to contribute positively to societal development
through corporate social responsibility programmes.
Page reference: 692
Question 2

The concept of ______________ accepts the limitations of marketing philosophy, acknowledging the need
to impose regulatory constraints on the market mechanism in economic development (van Dam and
Apeldoorn, 1996), particularly the impact of marketing activity on the environment.
You did not answer the question.
Correct answer:
a) Sustainable marketing
Feedback:
Supporters of the concept of sustainable marketing accept the limitations of marketing philosophy,
acknowledging the need to impose regulatory constraints on the market mechanism in economic
development (van Dam and Apeldoorn, 1996), particularly the impact of marketing activity on the
environment.
Page reference: 683
Question 3

The concepts of the three Es of sustainability are:

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:
d) Ecological, Equitable and Economic .
Feedback:
 Sustainable marketing is an attempt to broaden the concept of marketing beyond simple economic
development. It introduces the concepts of the three Es of sustainability as outlined below:
1. Ecological - Marketing should not negatively impact upon the environment.
2. Equitable - Marketing should not allow or promote inequitable social practices.
3. Economic - Marketing should encourage long-term economic development as opposed to short-
term economic development; as we have seen in the late 2000s with the global credit crunch arising
as a result of poor financial regulation in world financial services markets.
Page reference: 684
Question 4

An ethical approach which recognizes that a manager ought to act in his or her own best interests
and that an action is right if it benefits the manager undertaking that action is called:

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:
c) Managerial egoism.
Feedback:
Managerial egoism is an ethical approach which recognizes that a manager ought to act in his or her
own best interests and that an action is right if it benefits the manager undertaking that action.
Page reference: 695
Question 5

Marketing ethics can be divided into normative and _____________ branches.

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:
c) descriptive
Feedback:
Marketing ethics can be divided into normative and descriptive branches which distinguish between
how we ought to act in a given marketing decision-making situation and how people actually behave
when making marketing decisions.
Page reference: 713
Question 6

Sustainable marketing can also be characterized as the 'third age' of _____________.

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:
b) green marketing
Feedback:
Sustainable marketing can also be characterized as the 'third age' of green marketing (Peattie, 2001).
Page reference: 684
Question 7

A central theme of corporate social responsibility is defined as __________.

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:
d) corporations have some responsibility to wider society that goes beyond the pursuit of profit
Feedback:
A central theme of CSR is that corporations have some responsibility to wider society that goes
beyond the pursuit of profit (Martin, 2002).
Page reference: 692
Question 8

_______________ is concerned with how marketers go about the management process of identifying,
anticipating, and satisfying customer requirements profitably.

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:
a) Marketing ethics
Feedback:
Marketing ethics is concerned with how marketers go about the management process of identifying,
anticipating, and satisfying customer requirements profitably. In particular, it is the application of
moral principles to decision making in marketing and the consideration of the outcomes of those
decisions.
Page reference: 694
Question 9

Professional marketing organizations typically have a __________ which requires members to behave
and act in a professional manner.

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:
b) code of professional practice
Feedback:
Professional marketing organizations typically have a code of professional practice, which requires
members to behave and act in a professional manner.
Page reference: 694
Question 10

The model of marketing decision-making is stressing the importance of considering what is the right
thing to do (________norms) and what are the right intended outcomes for us to follow
(__________norms).
You did not answer the question.
 Correct answer:
b) deontological; teleological
Feedback:
Hunt and Vitell's model (2006) of marketing decision-making is the best known, stressing the
importance of considering what is the right thing to do (deontological norms) and what are the right
intended outcomes for us to follow (teleological norms).
Page reference: 713
Question 11

This is when sub-contractors might collude to agree in advance who will win a bid, with some
submitting bids with overly expensive pricing, to ensure selection of that pre-conceived competitor.

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:
c) Bid rigging.
Feedback:
In bid rigging, subcontractors might collude to agree in advance who will win a bid, with some
submitting bids with overly expensive pricing, to ensure selection of that pre-conceived competitor.
Alternatively, companies might not even submit a bid so another company can successfully win the
contract.
Page reference: 701
Question 12

Companies collude over production quotas, companies abuse their monopoly status, and companies
overcharge or exploit their supply chain partners. These are examples of ethical breaches in:

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:
b) Distribution management.
Feedback:
Ethical breaches in distribution management occur when, for example, companies collude over
production quotas, when companies abuse their monopoly status, and when companies overcharge
or exploit their supply chain partners.
Page reference: 702
Question 13

This occurs when companies collaborate on submitting bids for some competitions but not others.

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:
d) Collusion.
Feedback:
 Collusion occurs when companies collaborate on submitting bids for some competitions but not
others. With price collusion, companies either conspire to set prices or limit production, which have
similar effects.
Page reference: 701
Question 14

Which of the following is not one of the rationales for developing CSR initiatives?
You did not answer the question.
Correct answer:
a) Corporations' impacts limit to only marketplace transactions.
Feedback:
The rationale for developing CSR initiatives, irrespective of their financial contribution, is based
around the following ideas (Buchholz, 1991: 19):
Corporations have responsibilities that go beyond the production of their offerings at a profit.
These responsibilities involve helping to solve important social problems, especially those they
helped to create.
Corporations have a broader constituency of stakeholders than shareholders alone.
Corporations' impacts go beyond simple marketplace transactions.
Corporations serve a wider range of human values that cannot be captured solely by a focus on
economic values.
Page reference: 692
Question 15

This is a form of ethical approach by which the rightness or wrongness of an action or decision is not
judged to be exclusively based on the consequences of that action or decision:

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:
b) Deontological ethics.
Feedback:
Deontological ethics: a form of ethical approach by which the rightness or wrongness of an action or
decision is not judged to be exclusively based on the consequences of that action or decision.
Page reference: 695
Question 16

This involves the setting of different prices for different groups of people:

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:
b) Price discrimination.
Feedback:
Price discrimination involves setting different prices for different groups of people. Price
discrimination is linked to market segmentation. It is not necessarily an unethical practice per se. It is
 more questionable where there is no difference in the offer, and the price remains the only
difference. Price discrimination commonly occurs; for instance, signs at tourist sites in different
countries often show the price for foreigners versus the cost for domestic nationals (e.g. at the Taj
Mahal in India, the price to visit the monument for international visitors has been 25 times that of the
cost for Indian nationals)..
Page reference: 709
Question 17

This occurs when a company charges more than governments perceive is fair for their offerings:

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:
a) Price gouging.
Feedback:
Price gouging occurs when companies operate a demand pricing formula where demand is very high,
leading to high prices to customers. One example was when Turing Pharmaceuticals raised the price
of a life-saving drug from $13.50 to $750, creating a media furore (McCoy and Bomey, 2015).
Page reference: 709
Question 18

When an organization's rhetoric concerning the promotion of its environmental impacts (based on
its offering or organizational practices) are not backed up in practice, i.e. it makes misleading claims
about how environmentally friendly it is. This is referred to as:
You did not answer the question.
Correct answer:
d) greenwashing
Feedback:
Greenwashing occurs when an organization's rhetoric concerning the promotion of its
environmental impacts (based on its offering or organizational practices) are not backed up in
practice, i.e. it makes misleading claims about how environmentally friendly it is.
Page reference: 715
Question 19

This is an ethical approach, which suggests that an action is right if, and only if, it conforms to the
principle of utility. Thus utility: pleasure, happiness or welfare, is maximised or pain or unhappiness
minimized, more than any alternative:

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:
b) Utilitarianism.
Feedback:
Utilitarianism is an ethical approach originally developed by English philosopher and social
reformer, Jeremy Bentham. It postulates that an action is right if, and only if, it conforms to the
 principle of utility, whereby utility: pleasure, happiness or welfare, is maximised, or pain or
unhappiness minimised, more than any alternative.
Page reference: 716
Question 20

This branch of ethics stresses the importance of developing virtuous principles, with 'right'
character, and the pursuit of a virtuous life:

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:
a) Virtue ethics.
Feedback:
Virtue ethics is principally associated with Aristotle. This branch of ethics stresses the importance of
developing virtuous principles, with 'right' character, and the pursuit of a virtuous life.
Page reference: 716