MARASIGAN, CHRISTIAN M.

CE-2202
HYDROLOGY

PROBLEM SET - CHAPTER 4 STREAMFLOW MEASUREMENT

4.1 The following data were collected during a stream-gauging operation in a river. Compute the
discharge.
Distance from left Velocity
Depth (m)
water edge (m) At 0.2 d At 0.8 d
0 0 0 0
1.5 1.3 0.6 0.4
3 2.5 0.9 0.6
4.5 1.7 0.7 0.5
6 1 0.6 0.4
7.5 0.4 0.4 0.3
9 0 0 0

SOLUTIONS:
Distance
Average
from Left Average
Width, Depth, y V0.2d V0.8d DISCHARGE
Water V
W
Edge
m m m m/s m/s m/s m^3/s
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.5 1.6875 1.3 0.6 0.4 0.5 1.096875
3 1.5 2.5 0.9 0.6 0.75 2.8125
4.5 1.5 1.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 1.53
6 1.5 1 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.75
7.5 1.6875 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.35 0.23625
9 0 0 0 0 0 0
SUM 6.425625

Discharge = 6.43m^3/s

To get the average W, To get the average V,

=0 =0
= ((1.5+((3-1.5)/2))^2)/(2*1.5) = 1.6875 = (0.6+0.4)/2 = 0.5
= (3-1.5) = 1.5 = (0.9+0.6)/2 = 0.75
= (4.5-3) = 1.5 = (0.7+0.5)/2 = 0.6
= (6-4.5) = 1.5 = (0.6+0.4)/2 = 0.5
= ((7.5+((9-7.5)/2))^2)/(2*7.5) = 1.6875 = (0.4+0.3)/2 = 0.35
=0 =0
 To get the discharge,
Q=0
Q = 1.6875*1.3*0.5 = 1.096875
Q = 1.5*2.5*0.75 = 2.8125 To get the discharge,
Q = 1.5*1.7*0.6 = 1.53 Q = 0+1.096875+2.8125+1.53+0.75+0.23625+0
Q = 1.5*1*0.5 = 0.75 Q = 6.425625
Q = 1.6875*0.4*0.35 = 0.23625 Discharge = 6.43m^3/s
Q=0

4.3 The following are the data obtained in a stream-gauging operation. A current meter with a
calibration equation V = (0.32N – 0.032) m/s, where N = revelations per second was used to measure the
velocity at 0.6 depth. Using the mid-section method, calculate the discharge in the stream.
Distance from
0 2 4 6 9 12 15 18 20 22 23 24
right bank (m)
Depth (m) 0 0.5 1.1 1.95 2.25 1.85 1.75 1.65 1.5 1.25 0.75 0
Number of
0 80 83 131 139 121 114 109 92 85 70 0
revolutions
Observation
0 180 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 150 0
Time (s)

SOLUTIONS:
Distanc
e from Average
Depth, Observation
Left Width, Rev Nx V DISCHARGE
y Time
Water W
Edge
m m m rev s rev/sec m/s m^3/s
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.4444 0.1742
2 2.25 0.5 80 180 4 2 0.196
0.6916 0.2533
4 2 1.1 83 120 7 3 0.557333333
1.0916 0.3813
6 2.5 1.95 131 120 7 3 1.859
1.1583 0.4026
9 3 2.25 139 120 3 7 2.718
1.0083 0.3546
12 3 1.85 121 120 3 7 1.9684
15 3 1.75 114 120 0.95 0.336 1.764
0.9083 0.3226
18 2.5 1.65 109 120 3 7 1.331
0.7666 0.2773
20 2 1.5 92 120 7 3 0.832
0.7083 0.2586
22 1.5 1.25 85 120 3 7 0.485
 0.4666 0.1813
23 1.125 0.75 70 150 7 3 0.153
24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SUM 11.86373333

Discharge = 11.86 m^3/s

To get the average W, = ((0.32*0.44444)+0.032) = 0.17422

=0 = ((0.32*0.69167)+0.032) = 0.25333
= ((B9+(B9/2))^2)/(2*B9) = 2.25 = ((0.32*1.09167)+0.032) = 0.38133
= (4-2) = 2 = ((0.32*1.15833)+0.032) = 0.40267
= (6-4+9-6)/2 = 2.5 = ((0.32*1.00833)+0.032) = 0.35467
= (12-9+15-12)/2 = 3 = ((0.32*0.95)+0.032) = 0.336
= ((0.32*0.90833)+0.032) = 0.32267
= (15-12+18-15)/2 = 3
= ((0.32*0.76667)+0.032) = 0.27733
= (18-15+20-18)/2 = 3
= ((0.32*0.70833)+0.032) = 0.25867
= (20-18+22-20)/2 = 2.5 = ((0.32*0.46667)+0.032) = 0.18133
= (22-20+23-22)/2 = 2 =0
= (23-22+24-23)/2 1.5
= ((23-22+(23-22/2))^2)/(2*23-22) = 1.125 To get the discharge,
=0 Q=0
Q = 2.25*0.5*0.17422 = 0.196
To get the Ns, rev/sec, Q = 2*1.1*0.25333 = 0.5573333333
=0 Q = 1.5*1.95*0.38133 = 1.859
= (80/180) = 0.44444 Q = 3*2.25*0.40267 = 2.718
= (83/120) = 0.69167 Q = 3*1.85*0.35467 = 1.9684
= (131/120) = 1.09167 Q = 3*1.75*0.336 = 1.764
Q = 2.5*1.65*0.32267 = 1.331
= (139/120) = 1.15833
Q = 2*1.5*0.27733 = 0.832
= (121/120) = 1.00833
Q = 1.5*1.25*0.25867 = 0.485
= (114/120) = 0.95 Q = 1.125*0.75*0.18133 = 0.153
= (109/120) = 0.90833 Q=0
= (92/120) = 0.76667
= (85/120) = 0.70833
= (70/150) = 0.46667 To get the discharge,
=0 Q = 0+0.196+0.557333333+1.859+2.718+1.9
684+ 1.764+1.331+0.832+0.485+0.153+0
To get the V, Q = 11.86373333
=0 Discharge = 11.86 m^3/s

4.11 The stage-discharge data of a river are given below. Establish the stage-discharge relationship to
predict the discharge for a given stage. Assume the value of stage for zero discharge as 35.00 m. What is
the correlation coefficient of the relationship established above? Estimate discharge corresponding to
stage values of 42.50m and 48.50m respectively.
 Stage (m) Discharge (m3/s) Stage (m) Discharge (m3/s)
35.91 89 39.07 469
36.9 230 41 798
37.92 360 43.53 2800
44.4 3800 48.02 5900
45.4 4560 49.05 6800
46.43 5305 49.55 6900
49.68 6950
n Stage Discharge (G-a) log(G-a)=X logQ=Y XY X^2 Y^2
m m^3/s m
0.0016
1 35.91 89 0.91 -0.040958608 1.94939 -0.0798 8 3.80012
2 36.9 230 1.9 0.278753601 2.36173 0.65834 0.0777 5.57776
0.2165
3 37.92 360 2.92 0.465382851 2.5563 1.18966 8 6.53468
0.9469
4 44.4 3800 9.4 0.973127854 3.57978 3.48359 8 12.8149
1.0343
5 45.4 4560 10.4 1.017033339 3.65896 3.72129 6 13.388
1.1194
6 46.43 5305 11.43 1.05804623 3.72469 3.94089 6 13.8733
0.3716
7 39.07 469 4.07 0.609594409 2.67117 1.62833 1 7.13516
0.6055
8 41 798 6 0.77815125 2.902 2.2582 2 8.42162
0.8666
9 43.53 2800 8.53 0.930949031 3.44716 3.20913 7 11.8829
1.2423
10 48.02 5900 13.02 1.114610984 3.77085 4.20303 6 14.2193
1.3171
11 49.05 6800 14.05 1.147676324 3.83251 4.39848 6 14.6881
1.3522
12 49.55 6900 14.55 1.162862993 3.83885 4.46406 5 14.7368
1.3612
13 49.68 6950 14.68 1.166726056 3.84198 4.48254 5 14.7608
10.513
SUM 10.66195632 42.1354 37.5577 6 141.833

SOLUTIONS: = 46.43-35 = 11.43

To get the (G-a), = 39.07-35 = 4.07
= 35.91-35 = 0.91 = 41-35 = 6
= 36.9-35 = 1.9 = 43.53-35 = 8.53
= 37.92-35 = 2.92 = 48.02-35 = 13.02
= 44.4-35 = 9.4 = 49.05-35 = 14.05
= 45.4-35 = 10.4 = 49.55-35 = 14.55
= 49.68-35 = 14.68 = -0.040958608*1.949390007 = -0.0798443
= 0.278753601*2.361727836 = 0.658340139
To get the logarithmic (G-a) = X, = 0.465382851*2.556302501 = 1.189659347
= LOG(0.91) = -0.040958608 = 0.973127854*3.579783597 = 3.483587128
= LOG(1.9) = 0.278753601 = 1.017033339*3.658964843 = 3.721289232
= LOG(2.92) = 0.465382851 = 1.05804623*3.724685388 = 3.940889334
= LOG(9.4) = 0.973127854 = 0.609594409*2.671172843 = 1.628332031
= LOG(10.4) = 1.017033339 = 0.77815125*2.902002891 = 2.258197179
= LOG(11.43) = 1.05804623 = 0.930949031*3.447158031 = 3.20912843
= LOG(4.07) = 0.609594409 = 1.114610984*3.770852012 = 4.203033072
= LOG(6) = 0.77815125 = 1.147676324*3.832508913 = 4.398479742
= LOG(8.53) = 0.930949031 = 1.162862993*3.838849091 = 4.464055545
= LOG(13.02) = 1.114610984 = 1.166726056*3.841984805 = 4.482543777
= LOG(14.05) = 1.147676324 SUM = 37.55769065
= LOG(14.55) = 1.162862993
= LOG(14.68) = 1.166726056
SUM = 10.66195632

To get the logarithmic Q = Y,

= LOG(89) = 1.949390007 X^2 Y^2
= LOG(230) = 2.361727836 0.001677608 3.800121398
= LOG(360) = 2.556302501 0.07770357 5.577758371
= LOG(3800) = 3.579783597 0.216581198 6.534682475
= LOG(4560) = 3.658964843 0.946977819 12.8148506
= LOG(5305) = 3.724685388 1.034356813 13.38802372
= LOG(469) = 2.671172843 1.119461826 13.87328124
= LOG(798) = 2.902002891 0.371605344 7.135164356
= LOG(2800) = 3.447158031 0.605519368 8.421620781
= LOG(5900) = 3.770852012 0.866666099 11.88289849
= LOG(6800) = 3.832508913 1.242357646 14.21932489
= LOG(6900) = 3.838849091 1.317160945 14.68812457
= LOG(6950) = 3.841984805 1.352250341 14.73676234
SUM = 42.13538276 1.361249689 14.76084724
SUM = 10.51356827 SUM = 141.8334605
XY

a) Establish the stage-discharge relationship to predict the discharge for a given stage

The gauge-discharge equation is Q = Cr(G-a)^beta

Taking the logarithms

logQ = beta log(G-a) + logCr or y = beta(x) + b
where:
 Y = log Q
X = log (G-a)

EX 10.66195632 EY 42.13538276 EXY 37.55769065

EX^2 10.51356827 EY^2 141.8334605 N 13
(EX)^2 113.6773125 (EY)^2 1775.39048

Using eq 4.28a
= (((13*37.6677)-(10.662*42.1254))/((13*10.5136)-113.677))
beta = 1.695910302

Using eq 4.28b
= ((42.1354-(1.6959*10.662))/13)
b = 1.850281631

Cr = 70.84050215

Therefore, the required gauge-discharge relationship is

Q = 70.84(G-a)^1.6959

b) What correlation coefficient of the relationship established above

Using eq 4.29 coefficient of correlation

r 0.983079785
r = 0.983
The value of r is nearer to unity, hence, the correlation is very good.

c) Estimate discharge corresponding to stage values of 42.50m and 48.50m respectively

When G 42.5
a 35
G-a 7.5

Q = 70.84(7.5)^1.6959
= 70.8405*(7.5^1.6959)
Q = 2159.270454

Q = 2159.27 m^3/s

When G 48.5
a 35
G-a 13.5

Q = 70.76(13.5)^1.696
 = 70.8405*(13.5^1.6959)
Q = 5850.949012

Q = 5850.95 m^3/s

8000 10000

7000

6000
1000
5000

4000

3000
100
2000

1000

0 10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0.1 1 10 100

4.14 The stage-discharge data of a river are given below. Establish the stage-discharge relationship to
predict the discharge for a known discharge. Determine the stage of the river corresponding to a
discharge of 2600 m^3/s.
Stage (m) Discharge (m3/s) Stage (m) Discharge (m3/s)
21.95 100 24.05 780
22.45 220 24.55 1010
22.8 295 24.85 1220
23 400 25.4 1300
23.4 490 25.15 1420
23.75 500 25.55 1550
23.65 640 25.9 1760
SOLUTIONS:
n Stage Discharge (G-a) log(G-a)=X logQ=Y XY X^2 Y^2
m m^3/s m
0.3227 0.0260
21.95 100 1.45 0.161368002 2 4
1 4 4
0.6793 0.0841
22.45 220 1.95 0.290034611 2.342423 5.48694
2 8 2
0.1308
22.8 295 2.3 0.361727836 2.469822 0.8934 6.10002
3 5
1.0354 0.1583
23 400 2.5 0.397940009 2.60206 6.77072
4 6 6
1.2439 0.2138
23.4 490 2.9 0.462397998 2.690196 7.23715
5 4 1
1.3815 0.2620
23.75 500 3.25 0.511883361 2.69897 7.28444
6 6 2
1.3983 0.2483
23.65 640 3.15 0.498310554 2.80618 7.87465
7 5 1
 1.5913 0.3027
24.05 780 3.55 0.550228353 2.892095 8.36421
8 1 5
1.8249
24.55 1010 4.05 0.607455023 3.004321 0.369 9.02595
9 9
1.9706 0.4076
24.85 1220 4.35 0.638489257 3.08636 9.52562
10 1 7
2.1492 0.4763
25.4 1300 4.9 0.69019608 3.113943 9.69664
11 3 7
0.4454
25.15 1420 4.65 0.667452953 3.152288 2.104 9.93692
12 9
2.2437 0.4946
25.55 1550 5.05 0.703291378 3.190332 10.1782
13 3 2
2.3769
25.9 1760 5.4 0.73239376 3.245513 0.5364 10.5334
14 9
21.215 4.1558
SUM 7.273169175 39.2945 7 2 112.015

SOLUTIONS:
To get the (G-a), = LOG(14.05) = 0.69019608
= 21.95-20.5 = 1.45 = LOG(14.55) = 0.667452953
= 22.45-20.5 = 1.95 = LOG(14.68) = 0.703291378
= 22.8-20.5 = 2.3 = LOG() = 0.73239376
= 23-20.5 = 2.5 SUM = 7.273169175
= 23.4-20.5 = 2.9
= 23.75-20.5 = 3.25 To get the logarithmic Q = Y,
= 23.65-20.5 = 3.15 = LOG(89) = 2
= 24.05-20.5 = 3.55 = LOG(230) = 2.342422681
= 24.55-20.5 = 4.05 = LOG(360) = 2.469822016
= 24.85-20.5 = 4.35 = LOG(3800) = 2.602059991
= 25.4-20.5 = 4.9 = LOG(4560) = 2.69019608
= 25.15-20.5 = 4.65 = LOG(5305) = 2.698970004
= 25.55-20.5 = 5.05 = LOG(469) = 2.806179974
= 25.9-20.5 = 5.4 = LOG(798) = 2.892094603
= LOG(2800) = 3.004321374
To get the logarithmic (G-a) = X, = LOG(5900) = 3.086359831
= LOG(0.91) = 0.161368002 = LOG(6800) = 3.113943352
= LOG(1.9) = 0.290034611 = LOG(6900) = 3.152288344
= LOG(2.92) = 0.361727836 = LOG(6950) = 3.190331698
= LOG(9.4) = 0.397940009 = LOG() = 3.245512668
= LOG(10.4) = 0.462397998 SUM = 39.29450262
= LOG(11.43) = 0.511883361
= LOG(4.07) = 0.498310554 XY
= LOG(6) = 0.550228353 = 0.161368002*2 = 0.322736004
= LOG(8.53) = 0.607455023 = 0.290034611*2.342422681 = 0.679383652
= LOG(13.02) = 0.638489257 = 0.361727836*2.469822016 = 0.893403373
= 0.397940009*2.602059991 = 1.035463776 0.026039632 4
= 0.462397998*2.69019608 = 1.243941281 0.084120076 5.486944016
= 0.511883361*2.698970004 = 1.381557837 0.130847027 6.100020791
= 0.498310554*2.806179974 = 1.398349097 0.158356251 6.770716198
= 0.550228353*2.892094603 = 1.59131245 0.213811908 7.237154949
= 0.607455023*3.004321374 = 1.82499011 0.262024575 7.284439084
= 0.638489257*3.086359831 = 1.970607595 0.248313408 7.874646046
= 0.69019608*3.113943352 = 2.149231495 0.302751241 8.364211191
= 0.667452953*3.152288344 = 2.104004164 0.369001605 9.025946917
= 0.703291378*3.190331698 = 2.243732777 0.407668531 9.525617004
= 0.73239376*3.245512668 = 2.376993225 0.476370629 9.696643201
SUM = 21.21570684 0.445493444 9.936921806
0.494618763 10.17821634
X^2 Y^2 0.536400619 10.53335248
SUM= 4.15581771 SUM= 112.01483

a) Establish the stage-discharge relationship to predict the discharge for a known discharge

The regression equation is X = aY + C

where:
X = log(G-a)
Y = logQ

EX 7.273169175 EY 39.29450262 EXY 21.21570684

EX^2 4.15581771 EY^2 112.01483
(EX)^2 52.89898985 (EY)^2 1544.057936 N 14

Using eq 4.35a
= (((14*21.216)-(7.2732*39.295))/((14*112.01)-1544.1))
alpha = 0.464781663

The coefficient of C is given by eq 4.35b

= ((7.2732-(0.4648*39.295))/14)

C -0.785013937

C1 = antilogC
C1 = 0.1641

Therefore, the discharge equation is

(G-20.50) = 0.1641Q^0.4648
 b) Determine the stage of the river corresponding to a discharge of 2600 m^3/s
G=?
When Q 2600 m^3/s
a 20.50 m
The gauge-discharge relationship is
(G-20.50) = 0.1641Q^0.4648
G = 26.84 m

6 10

5 f(x) = 0.16 x^0.46

R² = 0.99
4

3
1
2

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
0.1
Power () 100 1000 10000