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(With Diagram)
After reading this article you will learn about the design of rigid frame
bridges with the help of diagram.
In fixed base structures, on the other hand, the moments from the
superstructure are ultimately carried over to the footings since the
vertical supports cannot rotate independently without rotating the
footings along with them. It is, therefore, evident that in hinged
frames, the moments at the base of supports and at rafts are very
much less but the span moments are greater than those of fixed
frames.
Since the fixed frames are designed on the assumption that the vertical
members do not rotate at the base it is possible to achieve this state of
condition only if the foundation can rest on solid rock or un-yielding
foundation.
Rigid frame box culverts or minor bridges (single or multiple Fig. 4.5)
are usually adopted in areas where the foundation soil is weak and
wider foundation area is desirable for bringing down the foundation
pressure within safe values permissible for the type of soil.
For rough estimate of the section, the dimensions of the mid span and
support section for solid slab bridges may be taken as L/35 and L/15
respectively. The soffit curves for rigid frame bridges are generally
made the same as those for continuous bridges.
Temperature Effect:
The rise or fall of temperature causes elongation or contraction of
decks which gives rise to fixed end moments on the vertical members
as explained hereinafter (Fig. 12.2).
Elongation or contraction of deck BC due to temperature variation of t
= δ2 = L2αt.
Elongation or contraction of deck AB or CD due to temperature
variation of t = δ1 = L1αt but due to elongation or contraction of deck
BC by δ2, the nett movement of A or C will be (δ1 + + ½ δ2).
The fixed end moment on a vertical member having moment of
inertia, I and deflection, δ, may be given by
The fixed end moments so developed on the top and bottom of all
vertical members as per equation 12.1 may be distributed over all the
members.
The wind blowing at an inclination to the piers may give rise to sway
moments which will be shared by all the members of the frame after
distribution.
The seismic force acting at deck, piers and abutments will cause
moments in the members of the frame as wind force will induce.
The cross current flowing through the river strikes the piers and
abutments and this will induce moments on the members as the wind
will do.
2. Select the soffit curve and find the depths at various sections.
Calculate the fixed end moments due to uniformly distributed dead
load and haunch load from standard design tables such as “The
Applications of Moment Distribution”, published by The
Concrete Association of India, Bombay.
3. Find the values of stiffness factors and carryover factors from design
tables after evaluating the values of frame constants such as aA, aB, rA,
rB, hc etc.
The distribution factors may be determined as follows:
4. The dead load fixed end moments are to be distributed and Sway
correction made if required.
6. Place the unit load at any position (Fig. 12.3) and obtain the fixed
end moments x and y at end B and C. Distribute these fixed end mo-
ments over all the members. The moments so obtained at various
sections are the live load moments (elastic) due to the unit load under
consideration.