Writereaddata EIA 25012019N4DFNOK8ALLCHAPTERSOFEIAREPORT PDF

INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LTD.
Environmental Impact Assessment

For
Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6
MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units
At
Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar
Envirotech East (P) Limited

An ISO 9001:2008, 14001:2004 & OHSAS:18001:2007
Company Laboratory recognised by Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India
Bengal Ambuja Commercial Complex
UN F13, 1050/1, Survey Park, Kolkata-700 075
Ph: (033) 2418 8127/8128/8601, e-mail: eeplkol@gmail.com
DECEMBER, 2018
Envirotech East Pvt. Limited
An ISO 9001:2008, 14001:2004 & OHSAS:18001:2007 Company
Laboratory Recognised by Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India
Bengal Ambuja Commercial Complex,
UN-F 13, 1050/1, Survey Park, Kolkata – 700 075
 – 2418 8127/8128/8601; Fax – 2418 8128; email: eeplkol@gmail.com
Web : www.envirotecheast.com
Date: 30th November, 2018
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN
Subject: Environmental Impact Assessment study for proposed expansion of

Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at
Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai in Bihar by M/s Indian Oil Corporation
Ltd.
Refer : File No. IA-J-11011/468/2017-IA-II(I) dated 16th November 2017
We do hereby declared that we, M/s Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd. have undertaken the
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the subject job, as per the EIA Notification,
2006 and in compliance with the finalized Terms of Reference, issued by Ministry of
Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Govt. of India vide its letter dated
16th November, 2017. The prescribed TORs have been complied with and that the data
submitted is factually correct.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
For Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.
(Asoke Kumar Banerjee)

Director
Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni
Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni Con - 1
Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar
X`
CONTENT
CHAPTER DESCRIPTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction and background
1.2 Barauni Refinery
1.3 Project Location
1.4 Purpose of the EIA/EMP Report and Scope of Study
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Project Highlights
2.2 Project Location
2.3 Present Barauni Refinery Configuration
2.4 Need for Capacity Expansion
2.5 Configuration Study
2.6 Details of Raw Materials
2.7 Process Description
2.8 Offsite and associated facilities
2.9 Water & Waste Water
2.10 Types and Quantum of Waste Water
2.11 Measures for Fugitive Emission Control
2.12 Solid / Hazardous Waste Generation and Disposal
2.13 Plant Layout
2.14 Employment
2.15 Cost
2.16 Charter on Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP):
Iron & Steel Industry
2.17 Rain Water Harvesting
2.18 Storm Water Management
2.19 Land & Greenbelt Development
2.20 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan
2.21 Project Cost
3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

3.1 General
3.1.1 Location of the Project site
3.1.2 Transportation
3.1.3 Surroundings of the Project Site
3.1.4 Surroundings of the Project Site
3.1.4 Coverage of the Study Area
3.1.5 Physiography
Contents Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

3.2 Geology and Geohydrology of the study area

3.2.1 Geology of the Study Area
3.2.2 Geohydrology of the study area
3.3 Flood Hazard Zonation Mapping
3.4 Seismicity
3.5 Major Industries in 10 Km Radius Area Around the Project Site
3.6 Landuse
3.6.1 Methodology
3.6.2 Results of the study
3.6.3 Discussions
3.7 Soil
3.8 Meteorology
3.9 Air Quality
3.10 Water Environment
3.11 Noise
3.12 Ecology
3.13 Demography & Socio-Economic Status
3.13.1 Brief Outline of the Study Area
3.13.2 Demographic Aspects of the Study Area
3.13.3 Social structure
3.13.4 Literacy levels
3.13.5 Occupational Structure
3.13.6 Infrastructural Facilities
4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

4.1 Project Activities
4.2 Activities during Construction Phase
4.3 Impacts during Operational Phase
4.4 Impacts on Soil and Land Use
4.5 Impacts on Hydrology
4.6 Impacts on Water
4.7 Impacts on Air
4.8 Impacts on Noise
4.9 Impacts on Ecology
4.3.6 Impacts on Demography and Socioeconomics
5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 Analysis of Alternatives
6.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES (RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER

MANAGEMENT PLAN)

7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

7.1 Need for Monitoring
7.2 Environmental Monitoring Programme
7.3 Related Environmental Parameters
7.4 Plantation
7.5 Occupational Health & Safety Monitoring
7.6 Regulatory Framework
8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.0 Introduction
8.1 During Design
8.2 During Construction
8.3 During Operation
8.4 Corporate Social Responsibility
8.5 Corporate Environment Responsibility
8.6 Green Belt Development
8.7 Occupational Health & Safety
8.8 Fire Protection & Safety Management
8.9 Rain Water Harvesting
8.10 Environmental Management Cell
9.0 PROJECT BENEFITS
10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
11.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
12.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
◼ ANNEXURES
ANNEXURE DESCRIPTION
I TOR LETTER B-9 Project
II NEW REFINERY STANDARD
III PETROCHEMICAL STANDARD
IV RELEVANT INDIAN STANDARDS
V PUBLIC HEARING RELATED DOCUMENTS
VI AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA
VII EXISTING ECs & CERTIFIED MONITORING REPORT

OF RO, MoEF&CC

Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C1 - 1
CHAPTER-1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. ( IOCL) is India's largest public sector corporation in
terms of revenue and is one of the 8 companies of India having
Maharatna status, apart from Coal India Limited, NTPC Limited, Oil and Natural
Gas Corporation, BHEL, GAIL, BPCL and Steel Authority of India Limited. IOCL
is ranked 168th in Fortune 'Global 500’ list for the year 2017 and is the highest
ranked Indian Company. Beginning in 1959 as Indian Oil Company Ltd., Indian
Oil Corporation Ltd. was formed in 1964 with the merger of Indian Refineries Ltd.
(Estd. 1958) with it.
The moto of IOCL is to be “The Energy of India” which is about Indian Oil's
business interests encompassing the entire hydrocarbon value chain - from
refining, pipeline transportation & marketing, to exploration & production of crude
oil & gas, petrochemicals, gas marketing, alternative energy sources and
globalisation of downstream operations.
Indian Oil and its subsidiaries account for nearly half of India’s petroleum
products market share, 35% share in refining capacity and 71% downstream
sector pipelines capacity in India.
The Indian Oil Group owns and operates 11 of India's 23 refineries with a
combined refining capacity of 80.7 million metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA).
There are nine refineries, located at Digboi, Guwahati, Koyali, Barauni, Haldia,
Mathura, Panipat, Bongaigaon and Paradeep under the umbrella of Indian Oil
Corporation Limited. Besides these, also include two refineries of subsidiary
Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (CPCL), one at Chennai and the other at
Narimanam.
The Corporation's cross-country pipelines network, for transportation of crude oil

to refineries and finished products to high-demand centres, spans about 13,400
km. With a throughput capacity of 94.2 MMTPA for crude oil and petroleum
products and 9.5 MMSCMD for gas, this network meets the vital energy needs of
the consumers in an efficient, economical and environment-friendly manner. The
company operates the largest and the widest network of fuel stations in the
country.
1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

1.2 BARAUNI REFINERY

Barauni Refinery, one of the nine refineries under the umbrella of Indian Oil
Corporation Limited, is the sole Petroleum Refinery in the State of Bihar. It was
commissioned in 1964 with the collaboration of erstwhile U.S.S.R., thus putting
itself among the earliest major industrial projects in the public sector in India. It
has, at present, attained a total installed refining capacity of 6 MMTPA.
Barauni Refinery (BR) has earned ISO-9001 as well as prestigious ISO-14001 &
OSHAS-18001 certification, which is a manifestation of its commitment towards
promoting environmental & occupational health & safety considerations with
simultaneous emphasis on qualitative improvement in its product pattern.
The refined products fulfil the requirement of the eastern region by road, rail and
also a product pipeline going upto Kanpur, UP via Patna, Mughalsarai, &
Allahabad. A branch pipe line from Gowria (Near Kanpur) also supplies product
to Lucknow. The imported crude oil from Nigeria, Malaysia and Middle East
Countries is supplied to Barauni Refinery through a Paradeep- Haldia – Barauni
crude oil pipeline.
PROPOSED PROJECT
In the era of changing market scenario, stringent product quality specifications
and emission standards, there is a need to revisit the refinery configuration by
exploiting opportunities available in existing operating units as well as setting up
new process units of economy of scale for enhancing flexibility in operation.
With rapid growth in demand for refined products and widening price differential
between low sulfur and high sulfur/heavy crudes, need for improving refining
margins, IOCL has considered expansion of Barauni Refinery from current
installed capacity of 6.0 MMTPA to 9.0 MMTPA along-with production of
Petrochemical products.

The major processing units at Barauni Refinery along with their capacities at 6
MMTPA are summarised below:
Existing Licensor
Units
Capacity(MMTPA)
Primary Units
AVU-I 1.75 Russian
AVU-II 1.75 Russian
AVU-III 2.5 In-house
Secondary Processing Units
COKER-A 0.6 Russian
COKER-B 0.5 EIL
RFCCU 1.4 SWEC
HGU-1 0.034 Haldor Topsoe
HGU-2 0.02 Linde
SRU 2 X 40 MT/day Stork
Biturox 150 TMTPA Porner
ATF (250 KTA) and PCK ( IOCL R&D
Indjet
75 KTA)
MS Quality UP gradation Unit (BS-III)
NHDT 0.183 Axens
SHU 0.322 Axens
HDS 0.225 Axens
RSU 0.274 Axens
MS Quality UP gradation Unit (BS-IV)
Existing NSU 0.32 IFP
New NSU 0.48 IOCL
ISOM 0.256 Axens
Existing CRU 0.21 IFP
CCRU 0.375 UOP
Prime G+ 0.48 Axens
New ARU 0.321 Technip
DHDT 3.3 UOP

The project configuration after implementation of 9 MMTPA Barauni Refinery is as follows,
Process Capacity Proposed Process Capacity Proposed

Unit Pre-BR-9 Capacity Unit Pre-BR-9 Capacity
(TMTPA) Post-BR-9 (TMTPA) Post-BR-9
(TMTPA) (TMTPA)
(2)
AVU I/II 3500 Idle COKER B 500 662
AVU III 2500 Idle BITUROX 100 100
New AVU-IV - 9000 New SRU - 2x80 TPD
New NHT
NSU 800 800 - 360
(ISOM)
NHDT + CRU 210 300 New ISOM - 304
NHT (ISOM) 183 183 New DHDT - 1200
ISOM 126 126 New HGU - 61
(1)
RFCC 1400 1700 New OHCU - 1000
PRIME G+ 840 840 New PRU - 562
New PP - 200
DHDT 3300 3300 New LTU - 390
COKER A 600 600 New NSU - 880
Existing SRU 2x40 TPD 2x40 TPD New ARU(3) - 500 MT/hr
HGU 54 54 New SWS(3) - 220 MT/hr
NHDT +
375 375 New FG TU(3) - 6178 kg/hr
CCRU
Notes:
(1) In BS-IV scenario, CRU will operate at 210 TMTPA due to unavailability of feed however in BR-9
scenario unit will be operated at its full capacity of 300 TMTPA.
(2) RFCC revamp to increase LPG production along with higher Propylene potential in LPG
(3) COKER-B capacity revamp to 662 TMTPA and with low recycling for processing neat HS VR with
improved product yield
1.3 PROJECT LOCATION

Barauni Refinery (BR) is located in Development Block Barauni of District
Begusarai of the State of Bihar, about 8 kms. away from the northern or left bank
of Ganges. From Patna, the state capital, BR is about 125 km due east. The
latitude and longitude at the Refinery site is 25 o25'54”N and 86o03'36”E
respectively and the refinery is 160 ft. above Mean Sea Level. The district head
quarter town of Begusarai is about 6 km to the east and the Refinery Township
is just adjacent to Begusarai, being about 5 km from the Refinery as the crow
flies. The block head quarter town of Barauni is about 10 km due WNW. The
proposed units will be confined within the plant boundary. The close view of the
project site & its surrounding is presented in Figure -1.1 & 1.2 respectively.

No forests or wild life sanctuaries are found within the study area. There exists
no protected/important historical or archaeological monument either. Neither
hilly/ mountainous areas, nor defense installations/ airports are located within
this area.
FIGURE-1.1 : PROJECT SITE ON GOOGLE MAP

PROJECT SITE
R. Ganga
FIGURE-1.2 : PROJECT SITE & SURROUNDING ON GOOGLE MAP
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE EIA/EMP REPORT AND SCOPE OF STUDY

As per EIA Notification 2006, published on 14 th September 2006, all projects or
activities, including expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities
or change in Product Mix, falling under Category ‘A’ in the Schedule shall require
prior Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change (MoEF&CC), Govt. of India.
The proposed expansion project of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9

MMTPA along with Polymer units shall be treated as Category ‘A’ projects under
4(a) - Petroleum refining industry, 5(c) - Petro-chemical complexes (industries
based on processing of petroleum fractions & natural gas and/or reforming to
aromatics) & 5(e) - Petrochemical based processing (processes other than
cracking & reformation and not covered under the complexes) and ‘therefore,
shall require prior Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment, Forest
and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Govt. of India. In this connection, Barauni
Refinery submitted an application along with filled up ‘Form 1’ in the prescribed
format and Pre-feasibility Report to MoEF&CC for seeking prior Environmental
Clearance for its proposed expansion project vide Letter dated 03.10.2017.
Subsequently, a standard Terms of Reference (TOR) has been issued by
MoEF&CC for undertaking detailed EIA study for obtaining Environmental

Clearance in accordance with the provisions of the EIA Notification 2006 (Ref. F.
No. IA-J-11011/468/2017-IA-II(I) dated 16th November 2017 (Annexure – I).
As advised, the Draft EIA/EMP Report was prepared, accommodating all the
components, based on finalized ToRs for its submission to Bihar State Pollution
Control Board for the conduct of Public Hearing/Consultation.
Subsequently, Public Hearing was conducted on 5th October, 2018 at the

Barauni Regional Office of Bihar State Pollution Control Board. All Public
Hearing related documents along with the point-wise compliance to the issues,
raised during the Public Hearing are enclosed as Annexures-V.
This EIA Report is prepared on the basis of the available secondary data/
literature along with the on-site data during the period (February 2018 – April
2018), generated through on-site monitoring of relevant environmental
components and parameters.
TABLE-1.1
FINALISED “TERMS OF REFERENCE” & THEIR REFERENCE IN EIA REPORT
4(a): STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENT

IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRIES
PROJECTS AND INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN EIA/EMP REPORT.
SL.
SUBJECT OF “TERMS OF REFERENCE (ToR)” REMARKS
NO.
A. STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE
1) Executive Summary: Prepared
2) Introduction:
i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET accreditation Chapter-11.0
ii. Information about the project proponent Chapter-1.0
Section-1.1
iii. Importance and benefits of the project Chapter-1
Section-1.9
3) Project Description:
i. Cost of project and time of completion. Chapter-2.0
Section-2.15
ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project. Chapter-2.0
Section-2.5
iii. If expansion project, details of existing products with capacities Chapter-2.0
and whether adequate land is available for expansion, reference Section-2.3

of earlier EC if any.
iv. List of raw materials required and their source along with mode Chapter-2.0
of transportation. Section-2.6
v. Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and Chapter-2.0
storage capacities. Section-2.6
vi. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation and Chapter-2.0
their management. Section-2.11
& 2.10.3
vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of Chapter-2.0
approval, water balance diagram, man-power requirement Section-2.1,
(regular and contract) 2.9 & 2.14
viii. Process description along with major equipments and Chapter-2.0
machineries, process flow sheet (quantative) from raw material to Section-2.5
products to be provided
ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems. Chapter-6.0
x. Expansion/modernization proposals: Chapter-2.0
Section-2.5
a) Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including
Amendments thereto obtained for the project from MOEF/SEIAA
shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest
Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of
Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on
the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing
environmental clearances including Amendments shall be
provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate
for the ongoing existing operation of the project from SPCB shall
be attached with the EIA-EMP report.
b) In case the existing project has not obtained environmental
clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the
EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be
provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate
and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA
Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from
the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the
conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted.
4) Site Details:
i. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/Tehsil, District Chapter-1.0
and State, Justification for selecting the site, whether other sites Section-1.3
were considered.
ii. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site location Chapter-1.0
on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco- Section-1.3
sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places)
iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site Chapter-1.0
Section-1.3
iv.Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site. Chapter-1.0

Section-1.3
v. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site. Chapter-1.0
Section-1.3
vi.Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit Chapter-2.0
indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. IfSection-2.13
located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of
Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial
area/Estate.
vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant Chapter-1.0
site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in Section-1.3
particular.
viii. Land use break-up of total land of the project site (identified Chapter-2.0
and acquired), government / private - agricultural, forest, Section-2.1
wasteland, water bodies, settlements etc. shall be included. (not
required for industrial area)
ix. A list of major industries with name and type within study area Chapter-3.0
(10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study Section-3.5
area.
x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area Chapter-3.0
shall be included. Section-3.2
xi. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km radius of study area. If Chapter-3.0
the site is within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean Section-3.2
season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency
based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood
Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river
shall also be provided. (mega green field projects)
xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete, stage Chapter-2.0
of the acquisition process and expected time of complete Section-2.1
possession of the land.
xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government Chapter-2.0
policy. Section-2.1
5) Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable):
i. Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry
clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest No Forest
Department. (if applicable). land is used
ii. Land-use map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) in the refinery
of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects
involving forest land more than 40 ha)
iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry
clearance along with latest status shall be submitted.
iv.The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks,
Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild
Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly
authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features
vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or

comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon

v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief
Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of
Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area
vi.Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife
(Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National
Board for Wildlife
6) Environmental Status:
i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site Chapter-4.0
and site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature, Section-4.7.2
relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall.
ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Chapter-3.0
NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project shall be Section-3.9
collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB
guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction,
population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved
forests.
iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations as Chapter-3.0
per frequency given in the NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 Section-3.9
along with - min., max., average and 98% values for each of the
AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be
provided as an annexure to the EIA Report.
iv.Surface water quality of nearby River (100 m upstream and Chapter-3.0
downstream of discharge point) and other surface drains at eight Section-3.10
locations as per CPCB / MoEF&CC guidelines.
v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river identified by No
the CPCB / MoEF&CC, if yes give details.
vi.Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be Chapter-3.0
included. Section-3.10
vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area. Chapter-3.0
Section-3.11
viii. Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines. Chapter-3.0
Section-3.7
ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles Chapter-4.0
for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed Section-4.7.2
project, parking arrangement etc.
x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) Chapter-3.0
existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to Section-3.12
rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna are
found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be
prepared and furnished.
xi. Socio-economic status of the study area. Chapter-3.0
Section-3.13
7) Impact and Environment Management Plan:
i. Assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants from the Chapter-4.0

stack emission based on site-specific meteorological features. In Section-4.7

case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modeling
shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics
for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ.
Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including
transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details
of the model used and the input data used for modeling shall also
be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location
map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby,
sensitive receptors, if any.
ii. Water Quality modeling - in case of discharge in water body Zero
Discharge
iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products on
the surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In Chapter-4.0
this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished Section-4.7
products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road
transport or conveyor-cum-rail transport shall be examined.
iv. A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant operations, Chapter-2.0
extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be Section –
included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics 2.10.3
of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards
of discharge under E(P) Rules.
v. Details of stack emission and action plan for control of emissions Chapter-4.0
to meet standards. Section-4.7
vi. Measures for fugitive emission control Chapter-2.0
Section –
2.11
vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage,
utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization Chapter-6.0
of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be
included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization,
recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and
natural resource conservation.
viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Not
Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided. Applicable
ix. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area i.e. Chapter-8.0
land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of Section-8.5
species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be
included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary
and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall
also be incorporated.
x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall Chapter-8.0
be submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm Section-8.8
water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the
various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and

reduce the water requirement from other sources.

xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental Chapter-2.0
pollution control measures shall be included. Section-2.15
xii. Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall be Chapter-7.0
submitted.
xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Chapter-6.0
Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk
Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan
should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan.
8) Occupational health:
i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & Chapter-8.0
safety of all contract and casual workers Section – 8.6
ii. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If
the workers' health is being evaluated by pre designed format,
chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near
vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during
pre-placement and periodical examinations give the details of the
same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above
mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and
department wise.
iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the
exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within
Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL,
what measures the company has adopted to keep them within
PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved.
iv. Annual report of health status of workers with special reference to
Occupational Health and Safety.
9) Corporate Environment Policy:
i. Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy Chapter-8.0
approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the Section – 8.9
EIA report.
ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating
process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement /
deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms /
conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA.
iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the
company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring
compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details
of this system may be given.
iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non-compliances /
violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the
company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This
reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report
10) Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, Chapter-8.0
restroom etc. to be provided to the labour force during construction Section-8.2

as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during

operation phase.
11) Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC)
i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5% of the project cost) shall be Chapter-8.0
earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Section-8.4
Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time
bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic
development activities need to be elaborated upon.
12) Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order No
passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof
shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the
Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant
Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and
compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case.
13) A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TOR. Chapter-1.0
SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA STUDIES FOR PETROLEUM
B.
REFINING INDUSTRY
1. Complete process flow diagram describing each unit, its capacity Chapter-2.0
along-with material and energy balance. Section – 2.5
2. Details of intermediate product, their storages and final products to Chapter-2.0
be manufactured. Section – 2.3
& 2.4
3. Sulphur balance giving input from crude, refinery fuel (if used) and Chapter-2.0
any other outside fuel and output in various products and emissions. Section – 2.3
4. Details of proposed source-specific pollution controls schemes and Chapter-2.0
equipment to meet the national standards for petroleum refinery. Section –
2.11
5. Details of emissions from all the stacks including volumetric flow Chapter-4.0
rate. Section – 4.7
6. Details on availability of raw materials (crude oil, natural gas, Chapter-2.0
chemicals, etc.), its source and storage at the plant. Section – 2.6
7. Details on mode of transportation of crude and products. Chapter-2.0
Section – 2.6
8. Details of storage capacity of crude and products. Chapter-2.0
Section – 2.5
9. Ambient air quality data should include hydrocarbon (methane and Chapter-3.0
non-methane), VOC, Ni & V etc. Section-3.9
10. Efforts to minimize water consumption, effluent discharge and to Chapter-2.0
maintain quality of receiving water body. Section – 2.9
11. Details of effluent at men plant, inlet and treated water quality with Chapter-2.0
specific efficiency of each treatment unit in reduction in respect of all Section – 2.9
con corned/ regulated environmental parameters. Also, include
treatment details such as primary (physico-chemical), secondary
(biological) and tertiary (activated carbon filters) treatment systems.

12. Storm water management plan. Chapter-2.0

Section –
2.10.6
13. Estimation SO2 and NOx emissions load. Chapter-4.0
Section – 4.7
14. Details on flaring system. Chapter-2.0
Section-2.11
15. Details of VOC recovery devices in the storage tanks. Chapter-2.0
Section-2.5
16. Arrangement for spill management. Chapter-2.0
Section-2.12
17. Oily sludge management plan. Chapter-2.0
Section-2.12
18. Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan
i. Identification of hazards
ii. Consequence Analysis Chapter-6.0
iii. Risk assessment should also include leakages and location near
to refinery & proposed measures for risk reduction.
iv. Arrangement for fire protection and control.

5(c): STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENT

IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEXES (INDUSTRIES
BASED ON PROCESSING OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS & NATURAL GAS AND/OR
REFORMING TO AROMATICS) AND INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN EIA/EMP
REPORT.
SL.
NO.
2) Introduction:
i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET accreditation Chapter-
11.0
Section-1.1
Section-1.9
Section-2.15
Section-2.5
iv. List of raw materials required and their source along with mode of Chapter-2.0
transportation. Section-2.6
& 2.10.3
viii. Process description along with major equipments and Chapter-2.0
x. Expansion/modernization proposals:
a) Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including
shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Chapter-2.0
Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Section-2.5

Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on

the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing
environmental clearances including Amendments shall be
provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate
for the ongoing existing operation of the project from SPCB shall
be attached with the EIA-EMP report.
b) In case the existing project has not obtained environmental
provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate
and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA
Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from
the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the
conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted.
4) Site Details:
were considered.
Section-1.3
iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site. Chapter-1.0
Section-1.3
Section-1.3
vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit Chapter-2.0
indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If Section-2.13
area/Estate.
particular.
viii. Landuse break-up of total land of the project site (identified and Chapter-2.0
acquired), government/ private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, Section-2.1
water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not required for
industrial area)
area

policy. Section-2.1
clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest
Department. (if applicable)
ii. Landuse map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of
the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects No Forest
involving forest land more than 40 ha) land is used
iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry in the
clearance along with latest status shall be submitted. refinery
iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks,
vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife
Board for Wildlife
and site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature, Section-
relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall. 4.7.2
forests.


iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and Chapter-3.0
locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines.
the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details.
vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be Chapter-3.0
Section-3.11
Section-3.7
for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed Section-
project, parking arrangement etc. 4.7.2
Section-3.13
Discharge


Section –
2.11
vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, Chapter-6.0
utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization
submitted.
safety of all contract and casual workers Section –
ii. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If 8.6
department wise.


i. Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy Chapter-8.0
approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the Section –
EIA report. 8.9
ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating
process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement /
10) Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, Chapter-8.0
restroom etc. to be provided to the labour force during construction Section-8.2
operation phase.
ii. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall be Chapter-8.0
earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Section –
Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time 8.4
13) A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TOR.
SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA STUDIES FOR PETROCHEMICAL
B. COMPLEXES (INDUSTRIES BASED ON PROCESSING OF PETROLEUM
FRACTIONS & NATURAL GAS AND/OR REFORMING TO AROMATICS)
1. Details on requirement of raw material (naphtha/gas feed stock), its Chapter-2.0
source of supply and store a great the plant. Section –
2.5

2. Complete process flow diagram for all products with material Chapter-2.0
balance. Section –
2.3 & 2.4
3. Brief description of equipments for various process (cracker, Chapter-2.0
separation, polymerization etc) Section –
2.3
4. Details of proposed source-specific pollution control schemes and Chapter-2.0
equipments to meet the national standards. Section – 2-
11
5. Details on VOC emission control system from vents, stacks, fugitive Chapter-4.0
emissions and flare management, etc. Section –
4.7
6. Details on proposed LDAR protocol. Chapter-2.0
Section –
2.6
7. Ambient air quality should include hydrocarbon (methane and non- Chapter-2.0
methane), VOC and VCM (if applicable). Section –
2.6
8. Action plan to meet the standard prescribed under EPA for Chapter-2.0
petrochemical complex. Section –
2.5
9. Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan Chapter –
10 Identification of hazards 6.0
11. Consequence Analysis
12. Measures for mitigation of risk.

5(e): STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENT

IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR PETROCHEMICAL BASED PROCESSING
(PROCESSES OTHER THAN CRACKING & REFORMATION AND NOT COVERED
UNDER THE COMPLEXES) PROJECTS AND INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN
EIA/EMP REPORT.
SL.
NO.
2) Introduction:
i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET accreditation Chapter-
11.0
Section-1.1
Section-1.9
Section-2.15
Section-2.5
iv. List of raw materials required and their source along with mode of Chapter-2.0
transportation. Section-2.6
& 2.10.3
viii. Process description along with major equipment and Chapter-2.0
x. Expansion/modernization proposals: Chapter-2.0
Section-2.5
e) Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including


shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest
Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of
Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012
on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the
existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall
be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to
Operate for the ongoing existing operation of the project from
SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report.
f) In case the existing project has not obtained environmental
provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection
Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating
prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006)
obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance
report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be
submitted.
4) Site Details:
were considered.
Section-1.3
iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site. Chapter-1.0
Section-1.3
Section-1.3
vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit Chapter-2.0
indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If Section-2.13
area/Estate.
particular.
viii. Land-use break-up of total land of the project site (identified and Chapter-2.0
acquired), government/ private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, Section-2.1
water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not required for
industrial area)

area
policy. Section-2.1
clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest
Department. (if applicable)
ii. Landuse map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of No Forest
the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects land is used
involving forest land more than 40 ha) in the
iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry refinery
clearance along with latest status shall be submitted.
iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks,
vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife
Board for Wildlife
and site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature, Section-
relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall. 4.7.2
forests.

iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and Chapter-3.0
locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines.
the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details.
vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be Chapter-3.0
Section-3.11
Section-3.7
for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed Section-
project, parking arrangement etc. 4.7.2
Section-3.13
Discharge


Section –
2.11
vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage,
utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization Chapter-6.0
submitted.
safety of all contract and casual workers Section –
ii. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If 8.6


department wise.
i. Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy
approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the
EIA report. Chapter-8.0
ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating Section –
process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / 8.9
10) Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel,
restroom etc. to be provided to the labour force during construction
operation phase.
g) Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall be Chapter-8.0
earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Section-8.4
Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time
13) A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TOR.

SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA STUDIES FOR PETROCHEMICAL

B. BASED PROCESSING (PROCESSES OTHER THAN CRACKING &
REFORMATION AND NOT COVERED UNDER THE COMPLEXES)
1. Details on requirement of raw material, its source of supply and Chapter-2.0
storage at the plant. Section –
2.6
2. Complete process flow diagram for all products with material Chapter-2.0
balance. Section –
2.5
3. Details on requirement of auxiliary chemicals, solvents, catalysts, Chapter-2.0
reactors and utilities to support the unit processes. Section –
2.6
4. Brief description of equipment for various process. Chapter-2.0
Section –
2.5
5. Details of proposed source- specific pollution control schemes and Chapter-2.0
equipment to meet the national standards. Section –
2.5
6. Details on VOC emission control system from vents, stacks, fugitive Chapter-2.0
emissions and flare management, etc. Section –
2.5
7. Details on proposed LDAR protocol. Chapter-2.0
Section –
2.5
8. Ambient air quality should include hydrocarbon (methane and non- Chapter-3.0
methane), VOC and VCM (if applicable). Section-3.9
9. Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan Chapter-6.0
- Identification of hazards
- Consequence Analysis
- Measures for mitigation of risk

CHAPTER-2.0
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS

The principal features or highlights of the proposed expansion project at Barauni
Refinery, District Begusarai in the state of Bihar under study are as follows:
Location Development Block Barauni in Begusarai district of Bihar

Land requirement The proposed project will be installed within the existing
refinery premises. No additional land acquisition will be
required. However the existing refinery owned land on
the south east and south west side of the refinery outside
the refinery boundary wall shall be utilized for the
proposed project.
Fuel and source The fuel requirement of refinery complex would be met
by internal fuel oil and fuel gas systems. Fuel is
consumed only in process units. Total requirement of fuel
in all the furnaces in the process units would be met
mostly from fuel gas systems and partly by internal fuel
oil systems.
Water requirement There will be additional 349m3/hr requirement of fresh
and source water after the installation of the proposed projects,
which will be sourced from the bore wells. Effluent
generated from new units under the proposed project will
be recycled from the existing BTP & TTP.
Cooling system Closed cycle cooling system with cooling towers.
Effluent treatment The existing ETP & TTP will be used for treating the
&reuse effluent, generated from the proposed units. The entire
treated wastewater will be recycled back to the refinery
for various purposes. There will be no discharge of any
effluent outside the plant premises except during heavy
rainfall, when excess surface run off may have to be
allowed to flow into Refinery owned pit (Burrow Pit)
adjacent to refinery premise in the West.
Stack Emissions There will be additional 9 stacks after the
implementation of BR-9 project. The major pollutants, to
be emitted are SO2, NOx & PM.
Catalyst Generation Additional catalyst, to be generated from the proposed
and Disposal project shall be stored in drums/bags and shall be
subsequently disposed off through the authorised
2.0 Project Description Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

recyclers, as per the existing practice.

Employment Man Power requirement for proposed capacity
expansion project has been estimated as 140 nos.
Project Cost Total cost of the project has been estimated to be Rs.
8287 Crore (with +/- 30% accuracy) inclusive of foreign
exchange component of Rs. 1263 crore based on
exchange rate of Rs. 66.5 per USD and financial cost of
Rs. 564 crore.
2.2 PROJECT LOCATION

Barauni Refinery (BR) is located in Development Block Barauni of District Begusarai
of the State of Bihar, about 8 kms away from the northern or left bank of Ganges.
From Patna, the state capital, BR is about 125 km due east. The latitude and
longitude at the Refinery site is 25 o25'54”N and 86o03'36”E respectively and the
refinery is 160 ft. above Mean Sea Level. The district head quarter town of
Begusarai is about 6 km to the east and the Refinery. Township is just adjacent to
Begusarai, being about 5 km from the Refinery as the crow flies. The block
headquarter town of Barauni is about 10 km due WNW. The proposed units will be
confined within the plant boundary.
2.3 PRESENT BARAUNI REFINERY CONFIGURATION

The major processing units at Barauni Refinery along with their capacities at 6
TABLE – 2.1
Major Processing Units at 6 MMTPA
Units Existing Capacity(MMTPA) Licensor

Primary Units
AVU-I 1.75 Russian
AVU-II 1.75 Russian
COKER-A 0.6 Russian
COKER-B 0.5 EIL
RFCCU 1.4 SWEC
HGU-1 0.034 HaldorTopsoe
HGU-2 0.02 Linde
ATF (250 KTA) and PCK IOCL R&D
Indjet
( 75 KTA)


NHDT 0.183 Axens
SHU 0.322 Axens
HDS 0.225 Axens
RSU 0.274 Axens
MS Quality UP gradation Unit (BS-IV/VI)
New NSU 0.48 IOCL
ISOM 0.256 Axens
CCRU 0.375 UOP
Prime G+ 0.48 Axens
DHDT 3.3 UOP
Present BarauniRefinery Configuration is as follows:
FIGURE – 2.1: Existing Project Block Flow Diagram

The existing Auxiliary Facilities are given in Table-2.2.
TABLE-2.2
Present Auxiliary facilities at Barauni Refinery
Auxiliary Facilities
Units/Facilities Capacity
Gas Turbine (GT-1 & GT-2) 2 X 20= 40 MW
Turbo Generator (4 nos.) 5.5+12+12.5+20=50 MW
Boiler (6 Nos.) 5X75= 375 MT/HR
1X150= 150 MT/HR
HRSG-1& 2 (along with GTs) 2 X 40= 80 MT/HR
DM Plant 780 m3/hr (5 chains of 130 m3/hr & 2
chains of 65 m3/hr)
Tank Wagon Loading Gantry 1 WO, 1BO, 1 unloading gantry
LPG Bulk loading 6 bays
ETP with physical/ Biological treatment 1000/ 1400 m3/hr
(BTP)
OFFSITE FACILITIES
The offsite systems in existing refinery comprises of:

 Tank farm
 Interconnection of process lines between process units
 Dispatch facilities
The tank farm which is integral part to the refinery caters to

i) Storage tanks of crude feedstock, received through the crude pipeline,
ii) Intermediate and component storage needed from routine operations and blending.
The summary of the feed, intermediate and product storage tanks are tabulated below:

Table 2.3
Present Storage Facilities
Service No of TOTAL CAPACITY

Tanks/vessel (KL)
Crude Storage Tanks 8 285000
LPG 8 12000
SRN 6 30000
MS 15 78000
SKO 6 30000
ATF 2 10000
HSD 12 120000
LDO CUTTER 2 10000
FO 5 25000
CBFS 5 8000
Bitumen 7 9000
CRU Feed 5 17000
DHDT Feed 4 70000
RFCCU Feed 3 99000
RCO 8 40000
CLO 2 10000
IFO 3 15000
ATF 1 10000
ATF feed 1 5000
PCK 2 10000
SULPHUR BALANCE
Sulphur Balance for pre BR-9 project scenario is presented in the Figure below.

2.4 NEED FOR CAPACITY EXPANSION

Barauni Refinery (BR) was commissioned with an initial capacity of 2.0 MMTPA in
1964 and through various unit additions and revamps the crude processing capacity
has been augmented to 6.0 MMTPA in 2002. At present BR consists of 3 main
crude processing units namely AVU-I/II (design capacity: 1.75 MMTPA each
designed for processing low sulphur crudes) and AVU-III (design capacity: 2.5
MMTPA designed for processing both low sulphur as well as high sulphur crudes).
In the era of changing market scenario, stringent product quality specifications and
emission standards, there is a need to revisit the refinery configuration by exploiting
opportunities available in existing operating units as well as setting up new process
units of economy of scale for enhancing flexibility in operation.
With rapid growth in demand for refined products and widening price differential
between low sulfur and high sulfur/heavy crudes, need for improving refining
margins, IOCL has considered expansion of Barauni Refinery from current installed
capacity of 6.0 MMTPA to 9.0 MMTPA along-with production of Petrochemical
products. For the same, it is proposed to install a new AVU of 9 MMTPA capacity
capable for processing both low as well as high sulphur crude. The existing 3 nos of
AVUs will be kept idle. It is proposed to keep existing AVUs as idle because AVU-1
and AVU-2 are very old units and have become energy inefficient as compared to
latest technology available. Also, AVU-1 & AVU-2 are capable of processing only
low sulphur crude but price differential between low sulfur and high sulfur/heavy
crudes is widening hence the operation of AVU-1 & AVU-2 is becoming unviable.
Further operating a single AVU instead of 3 AVUs will lead to significant reduction in
manpower cost. Subsequently after commissioning and stabilization of new AVU,
the 3 nos of existing AVUs will be condemned and dismantled.
2.5 CONFIGURATION STUDY

In house configuration study has been carried out by Process Design Engineering
Cell (PDEC) of IOCL for capacity augmentation from 6.0 to 9.0 MMTPA. The
configuration study considered various refinery configuration using new process
units and petrochemical options. Based on the study, the final project configuration
is tabulated as Table- 2.4 and post project Block Flow Diagram is enclosed as
Figure 2.2. Also the proposed auxiliary facilities and tankages coming up under the
project are tabulated as Table 2.5 and Table 2.6 respectively.

TABLE – 2.4
Overall Project Configuration

(TMTPA) (TMTPA)
(2)
New NHT
NSU 800 800 - 360
(ISOM)
(1)
RFCC 1400 1700 New OHCU - 1000
New PP - 200
DHDT 3300 3300 New LTU - 390
NHDT +
375 375 New FG TU(3) - 6178 kg/hr
CCRU
Notes:
(1) In BS-IV scenario, CRU will operate at 210 TMTPA due to unavailability of feed however in
BR-9 scenario unit will be operated at its full capacity of 300 TMTPA.
(2) RFCC revamp to increase LPG production along with higher Propylene potentialin LPG
(3) COKER-B capacity revamp to 662 TMTPA and with low recycling for processing neat HS
VR with improved product yield

FIGURE – 2.2: Post Project Block Flow Diagram

TABLE – 2.5
Proposed Auxiliary facility under the proposed project
Auxiliary Facilities
Units/Facilities Capacity*
Boiler (1 Nos.) 150 MT/HR
Tank Wagon Loading Gantry 1 WO (new)
PP Bagging and dispatch facility 9 working + 3 standby bays
Sulphur Yard New Sulphur yard for lump sulphur
Coke Yard Coke Yard for handling coke
Power Import Facility 74 MW
New Flare System Catering to new Units
Nitrogen Plant New Unit
Plant Air/Instrument Air Compressor: 6500 Nm3/hr, Dryers: 2 x
2300 Nm3/hr
Cooling tower 2 x 3100 m3/hr in PCT;
2x 3315 m3/hr in BXPCT
1 x 3200 m3/hr in TPS CT
3 x 3100 m3/hr in PRU/PP unit
TABLE 2.6
Proposed new Storage Facilities under BR-9 Project
Service No of CAPACITY
Tanks/vessel (KL)
Crude Storage Tanks 2 40000 x 2
LPG 3 2000 x 3
PP 3 2000 x 3
SRN 1 10000
MS 4 10000 x 4
Coker Feed 2 5000 x 2
HSD & DHDT feed 3 20000 x 3
ISOMERATE 1 8000
OHCU feed tank 3 30000x1 + 10000 x2
CRU Feed 2 4000 x 2
Reformate 1 4500
DHCN 1 4500
FRN 2 2500 x 2
Apart from the above mentioned facilities new Nitrogen Plant, new Cooling towers,
new DM Plant, new Plant Air & Instrument air plant, Coke handling facility and other
associated facilities will also be installed for smooth operation of the plant. Also
RLNG facility for utilizing RLNG in following locations will be coming up under the
project:

1. Gas turbines (in place of Naphtha)

2. Hydrogen Generation units (in place of Naphtha)
3. Make-up fuel in Process Heaters (in place of IFO)
2.6 Details of Raw Material
a) Requirements of various Raw Materials
Crude Oil:
Barauni Refinery processes different types of Crude Oils imported from various
regions of the world.
b) Source, Mode of Storage and Transportation of Raw Materials

Barauni Refinery receives mostly imported Crude Oil from Paradip through
“Paradip-Haldia-Barauni Crude Pipeline” (PHBCPL) directly into the Crude Oil
Tanks in the refinery. Barauni Refinery has large number of storage tanks to
accommodate the crude received before processing in AVUs..
2.7 Brief ProcessDescription of Proposed Units:
a) Atmospheric and Vaccum Distillation Unit (AVU-4: )

It fractionates the crude into fractions with different cut points. It mainly consists of
two main fractionation columns
1) CDU: Fractionates the crude into LPG and lighters, Naphtha, Kerosene, Gasoil
and Reduced Crude Oil. Fractionation is done at pressure higher than
atmospheric pressure.
2) VDU: Fractionates the RCO further to Gasoil and Vacuum residue.
Fractionation is done at vacuum condition (around 20-40 mmHg absolute). AVU
generates feed for secondary units for further treatment.
b) Isomerization (ISOM) unit:

It upgrades the Naphtha by increasing its Octane Number to Higher Octane/Low
Benzene/Low Olefins MS Component (Isomerate) to meet BS-VI MS Specifications.
The reactor converts straight chain C4 and C5 components into branched chain
components. The product stream contains higher octane with lower aromatics and
benzene contents which can be directly blended to make MS.
c) Naphtha Hydrotreater (NHDT) Unit:

It treats the Naphtha feed of ISOM unit for removing sulfur, nitrogen and metal
compounds. These compounds act as poison for ISOM reactor catalyst. Hydrogen is

reacted with sulfur, nitrogen compounds at high pressure and temperature in the
presence of catalyst to convert them into H2S and NH3 which are then separated
from the product stream by stripper.
d) Once through Hydrocracker Unit (OHCU):

It cracks Vacuum Gasoil from AVU into lighter more valuable components such as
HSD, Naphtha, Kerosene/ ATF, LPG with lighters. OHCU is once through process
which has conversion of 60-70% depending on technology. Unconverted oil can be
sent to RFCC/FCC as feed for further cracking. OHCU cracks the VGO in presence
of hydrogen at very high pressure (around 160 Kg/cm2g) and temperature. Product
streams are sulfur free and can be directly blended to respective product pool such
as HSD pool, MS pool and others.
e) Hydrogen Generation Unit (HGU):

It produces hydrogen by steam reforming naphtha or natural gas depending on the
technology. Steam reacts with naphtha at very high temperature (more than 800 deg
C) in reformer to form CO, CO2 and hydrogen. The hydrogen is then separated from
CO, CO2 and other impurities by various processes such as Pressure swing
Adsorption (PSA) and others to get more than 99% pure hydrogen.
f) Sulphur Recovery Unit (SRU):

As per environment norms, H2S and NH3 produced during hydro-treatment of
Naphtha in NHDT or diesel in DHDT or in OHCU cannot be vented into atmosphere.
SRU unit converts H2S into raw Sulfur and NH3 into N2. The process is based on
Claus method for production of sulfur. H2S and NH3 is first burned in the presence of
O2 at high temperature (more than 1200 deg C) to convert NH3 into N2 completely
and H2S into SO2 partially. Then remaining H2S is reacted with produced SO2 in the
presence of catalyst to produce sulfur.
g) Diesel Hydrotreater Unit (DHDT):

It treats diesel component streams coming from primary unit (AVU) and secondary
units like COKER and RFCCU to remove sulfur, nitrogen and other metal
compounds and also to increase the cetane no. of the feed streams to meet HSD
specification. Hydrogen is reacted with sulfur, nitrogen compounds at high pressure
and temperature in the presence of catalyst to convert them into H 2S and NH3 which
are then separated from the product stream by stripper. It also converts aromatics
and unstablized hydrocarbons into straight chain hydrocarbons, hence increasing
the cetane no. to produce HSD Spec product.

h) PP (Polypropylene) Unit:
It produces polypropylene by polymerizing Propylene and ethylene. Propylene and
ethylene compounds react in the presence of catalyst to form long polymer chains.
The molten polymer is then purified by removing unreacted propylene, ethylene and
other impurities. Polypropylene is cut in the form of pellets to sell in the market.
i) Propylene Recovery Unit (PRU):

Propylene recovery unit separates Propylene from the LPG cut produced by
secondary units such as RFCCU and COKER. It uses distillation process to remove
C4 hydrocarbons and Propane from the feed streams. Propylene is then treated for
removing CO and other impurities and then sent to Polypropylene unit for
polymerization.
j) Amine Recovery Unit (ARU):

It regenerates the amine (MDEA) used for removal of H 2S from product streams in
respective units like DHDT, LTU, OHCU, FG TU and others. H 2S dissolved in amine
is stripped by using steam and sent to SRU for conversion to Sulfur.
k) Sour Water Stripper (SWS) Unit:

It removes H2S and NH3 dissolved in wash water used in units by stripping water
with steam. H2S and NH3 are then routed to SRU for converting them to Sulfur and
N2.
l) LPG Treatment Unit (LTU):

It treats LPG stream coming from various units like RFCCU, AVU and COKERs. The
treatment is done for removal of H2S and other impurities by amine absorption,
caustic wash, water wash and sand filtration process
m) Flue Gas Amine Treatment Unit (FGATU):

It treats fuel gas produced by units to remove H 2S by amine absorption before
burning in furnace/ fired heaters.
Plant layout depicting the existing as well as proposed units/facilities has been
presented in Figure-2.3.
2.8 OFFSITE AND ASSOCIATED FACILITIES

Auxiliary facilities/utilities are the common requirements that are necessary for the
operation of the main crude refining processes. The main utilities include water,

power, steam, cooling tower, boiler feed water, fuels, compressed air, storage and
despatch facilities and effluent treatment plant. The existing utilities shall be utilised
for the proposed project. The existing main auxiliary facilities/ utilities are discussed
below:
(A) Power and Steam
POWER
For the proposed project, power required is mainly for following.
 Operate pumps and compressors in various units.
 Operate different fans for fired heaters
 Operate fans for air cooled heat exchangers and cooling towers
 Heating of fluids through electric heater
 DCS operation, lighting, electric tracing etc.
 Any other remaining purposes.
Power required for all of the above uses is generated through Gas Turbines (GTs)
and Steam Turbine Generators (STGs) located at Thermal Power Station (TPS) of
Refinery. The generated power is distributed to the various users. The details of the
present power generation is presented in Table – 2.5.
Present Power generation facility at TPS of IOCL Barauni will be utilized for the
proposed project also.
Total power requirement after BS IV project implementation is 76.5 MW, which will
be 139 MW after the implementation of the proposed expansion project (Table –
2.8).
TABLE–2.7: Present Power Generation

Maximum
Design Power
Unit Achievable
MW
MW
GT-1 20.0 19
GT-2 20.0 19
TG-1 5.5 4
TG-2 12.0 10.5
TG-3 12.5 10.5
TG-4 20.0 19
Import from Grid 5.0 3.0
95.0 85

TABLE – 2.8: Power Requirement at different stages of the project
Blocks Unit Name Pre BS-IV Post BS-IV Post BR-9

Power MW Power MW Power MW
AVU Block AVU - I 1.50 1.50 0.0
AVU – 2 1.50 1.50 0.0
AVU – 3 3.5 3.5 0.0
Biturox 0.32
CRU Block NSU-1 0.226 0.234 0.234
NHTU 0.08 0.08 0.08
CRU 2.00 2.00 2.00
CRU Cooling Tower
COKER Coker – A 1.50 1.50 1.50
Block Coker – B 2.00 2.00 2.22
LRU 0.40 0.40 0.40
BXP Block RFCCU 3.40 3.40 3.28
DHDT 7.20 10.34 10.34
HGU-1 2.50 2.50 2.50
HGU-2 1.37 1.37 1.37
ARU 0.35 0.35 0.35
SWSU 0.25 0.25 0.25
SRU 0.25 0.25 0.25
Existing BXP 0.92 0.92 0.92
Cooling Tower (New
Cell)
BXP Control Room - - -
(AC)
Compressed air
System
MSQ Reformate Splitter 0.10 0.10 0.10
BLOCK Unit (RSU)
NHDT 1.68 1.68 1.68
Isomerization Unit 1.61 1.61 1.61
Prime G+ 1.14 0.944 0.944
Utilities 1.85 1.85 1.85
OM & S OM & S & Offsite + 8.20 8.61 8.61
Block Nitrogen Plant
PCT Process
Cooling
TPS Block TPS 4.46 4.46 4.46
DM Water
TPS Cooling
New DM Water Plant
ETP + BTP ETP-1 + ETP-2 + 0.70 0.70 0.70
BTP

Others Lighting (Misc Area) 0.42 0.42 0.42

Township 3.00 3.00 3.00
Pipeline & Marketing 1.85 1.85 1.85
BS-IV NSU-2 0.00 0.29 0.29
Block NHDT 0.00 5.66 5.66
CCRU
Prime G + 0.00 2.95 2.95
New MS 0.00 0.00 0.00
New Cooling 0.00 0.91 0.91
LA + PCK 0.00 0.00 0.00
New ARU 0.00 0.17 0.17
BR-9 AVU + LPG 0.00 0.00 18.071
Block Recovery Unit +
NSU
FGATU 0.00 0.00 0.026
SRU+TGTU 0.00 0.00 1.096

ARU+ SWS 0.00 0.00 1.56
NHT+ISOM 0.00 0.00 2.42
DHDT 0.00 0.00 8.16
HGU 0.00 0.00 2.20
OHCU 0.00 0.00 7.16
PRU 0.00 0.00 1.16
PP 0.00 0.00 9.58
FCC LTU 0.00 0.00 0.076
Coke Handling & 0.00 0.00 1.25
Storage
Utilities 0.00 0.00 8.72
Flare System 0.00 0.00 1.221
HVAC 0.00 0.00 3.48
Misc 0.00 0.00 0.05
Total 57.0 76.5 139.0
STEAM SYSTEM
Steam is distributed and consumed in the Barauni Refinery at three levels, viz. High
Pressure (HP), Medium Pressure (MP) and Low Pressure (LP) steam. The
requirement of HP, MP and LP steam for existing units is met by a centralized
steam generation system i.e TPS Area. Separate distribution header is provided in
Refinery for each HP, MP& LP level of steam. Below table indicates sources of
Steam Generation inside TPS area.

TABLE – 2.9: Existing Steam Generation Capacity at Barauni Refinery
Unit Design Max.Achievable

Capacity (MT/hr)
(MT/hr)
Boiler-1 75 75
Boiler-2 75 75
Boiler-3 75 75
Boiler-4 75 75
Boiler-5 75 75
Boiler-6 150 150
HRSG-1 48 45
HRSG-2 48 45
Total 621 615
The relevant details of the steam generation along with consumption for pre & post
BR-9 project are presented in Tables 2.8 & 2.9 respectively.
TABLE – 2.10: Steam Generation and Consumption Details of Pre BR-9 Scenario
Blocks Unit Name HP MP LP

Steam Steam Steam
Gen. Cons. Gen. Cons. Gen. Cons.
AVU Block AVU - I 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.6 0.0 3.0
AVU – 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.6 0.0 3.0
AVU – 3 0.0 0.0 7.5 5.2 0.0 4.7
Biturox 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.7
CRU Block NSU-1 (Revamp) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
NHTU 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3
CRU 0.0 0.0 8.9 5.1 0.0 1.5
CRU Cooling Tower 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
COKER Coker – A + Revamp 0.0 0.0 2.1 33.2 0.0 11.3
Block Coker – B 0.0 0.0 7.8 6.8 0.0 2.0
LRU 0.0 25.0 0.0 9.6 25.0 0.0
BXP Block RFCCU 100.6 70.1 6.6 28.6 27.3 7.7
DHDT (Revamp) 0.0 41.5 0.0 7.7 48.0 1.1
HGU-1 73.3 45.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.3
HGU-2 51.5 31.7 0.0 0.9 0.0 2.0

ARU 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.4

SWSU 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.3
SRU 1 & 2 13.1 3.3 0.0 0.0 3.7 1.4
Existing BXP 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cooling Tower (New
Cell)
BXP Control Room 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
(AC)
Compressed air 0.0 15.0 0.0 0.0 15.0 0.0
System
MSQ Reformate Splitter 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.9 0.0 0.0
BLOCK Unit (RSU)
NHDT 0.0 6.4 0.0 6.9 0.0 0.5
Isomerization Unit 0.0 4.4 0.0 13.4 0.0 0.8
Prime G+ 0.0 11.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Utilities 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 3.4 0.0
OM & S OM & S & Offsite + 0.0 12.0 0.0 1.0 12.0 28.0
Block Nitrogen Plant
PCT Process
Cooling
TPS Block TPS 0.0 5.0 0.0
DM Water 0.0 0.0
TPS Cooling 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
New DM Water Plant 0.0 0.0
ETP + BTP ETP-1 + ETP-2 + 3.0
BTP
Others Lighting (Misc Area)
Township 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pipeline & Marketing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 238 265.9 34.4 154.9 134 117.1
TABLE – 2.11: Steam Generation and Consumption Details of Post BR-9 Scenario
HP Steam MP Steam LP Steam

Blocks Unit Name T/hr T/hr T/hr
AVU-4 10.3 135.4 5.5 1.92
Coker B
11.8 24.4 19.1 2.6
Revamp
FCCU Revamp 100.6 54.0 5.1 32.9 4.4
HP Steam MP Steam LP Steam
Blocks Unit Name T/hr T/hr T/hr
OHCU 18.9 24.4

FGTU 1.3
New LTU 0.2
New DHDT 48.5 31.8 2.9
New HGU 45.8 1.5 3.7
BR-9
New ARU 55.9 0.0
New SWSU 36.7 0.2
New SRU 21.3
New NHT 4.1 1.0
New PRU 96.6 94.8 26.8 0.0
New PP 8.9
Total 67.1 178.5 150.9 229.5 35.1 17.1
Based on Power and Steam Balance for the proposed expansion project, additional steam
boiler is envisaged.
(B) Fuel System
The fuel requirement of refinery complex would be met by internal fuel oil and fuel
gas systems. Fuel is consumed only in process units. Total requirement of fuel in all
the furnaces in the process units would be met mostly from fuel gas systems and
partly by internal fuel oil systems.
The total duty (MMKcal/Hr) of all New units under BR-9, considering all units
running at design capacity, is indicated in the Table below.
TABLE -2.12 : Duty Requirement for BR-9 Project
Unit Name Net Requirement Post

Expansion (MMKCal/h)
AVU-IV 130.6
Coker-B revamp 40.0
RFCCU revamp 24.0
SRU 5.1
NHT + ISOM 23.8
OHCU 13.2
HGU 1.2
DHDT 14.2
Total 242.1
Note : LHV of Fuel Gas is considered as 10796 Kcal/Kg.

a) Characteristics of Fuels
TABLE - 2.13: Typical characteristics of Fuel Gas
Case -I Case - II
Composition: DryBasis vol% vol%
Hydrogen 14.09 25.00
Methane 60.40 36.00
Ethane 20.31 16.00
Ethylene 0.00 11.80
Propane 0.09 1.50
Propene 0.03 1.70
Butanes 0.80 0.75
Butenes 0.00 0.16
C5(+) 0.00 0.31
N2 0.00 6.50
CO2 0.48 0.00
CO 0.73 0.00
O2 0.28 0.06
H2S 2.78 NOTE-1 0.22 NOTE-1
Total 100.0
LHVKcal/kg 100.0 10796
11245
NOTE-1: Fuel gas composition for both types is pre-amine wash. After amine wash,
H2S in both type will be < 50ppmv.However burner design shall be based on H2S
content of Fuel gas as <150ppmv. Accordingly, fuel gas composition can be
normalized.
Battery Limit Conditions: Fuel Gas

Minimum Normal Maximum Mech.Design
Supply Pressure, 1.0 1.5 3 7
kg/cm2g
Temperature, 15 40 45 75
DegC
Fuel Oil:
Fuel oil is mostly mixture of CFO & RFO from Coker. VR can also be used as a FO.
Battery Limit Conditions:

Minimum Normal Maximum Mech.Design
Supply Pressure, kg/cm2g 8 9 10 12.5

Temperature, DegC 75 80 137 150
RLNG:
Gross heating value off gas
The Gas offered at the Delivery Point shall have a Gross Heating value in a
gaseous state in the range of one thousand and fifty (1050) BTU’s per Standard
Cubic Foot (approximately equal to 9340 kilo calories per Standard Cubic Meter) to
one thousand one hundred and seventy (1170) BTU’s per Standard Cubic Foot
(approximately equal to 10,420 kilo calories per standard Cubic Meter).
Composition of gas
The Gas to be supplied by Seller to Buyer, shall have the following composition
Composition of Gas :
Component Specifications
Methane(C1) Not less than 85 Mol%
Ethane(C2) Not more than 9.2 Mol%
Propane(C3) Not more than 3.00 Mol%
Butanes (C4) andheavier Not more than 2.00 Mol%
Pentanes (C5) andheavier Not more than 0.25 Mol%
Nitrogen(N2) Not more than 1.25 Mol%
Oxygen(O2) Not more than 0.5 Mol%
Total Non-Hydrocarbons Not more than 2.0 Mol%
Not more than 10 ppm by weight
Total Sulphur IncludingH2S
expected H2S content not more than 4
ppm by volume
(C) RLNG facility

It is understood that Gas Authority India Limited (GAIL) is extending its Hazira-
Bijapur-Jagdishpur (HBJ) natural gas pipeline headers up to Haldia. Thus
availability of natural gas to the nearby region is expected in very near future.
Accordingly Natural gas is envisaged to be utilized in the following locations in the
refinery:

1. Gas turbines (in place of Naphtha)

2. Hydrogen Generation units (in place of Naphtha)
3. Make-up fuel in Process Heaters (in place of IFO)
(D) Crude Oil Receipt

The imported crude oil from Nigeria, Malaysia and Middle East Countries is supplied
to Barauni Refinery through a Paradeep-Haldia–Barauni crude oil pipeline.
(E) Product Despatch Facilities

The finished products from the refinery are despatched by three different modes viz.
Rail, Road and Pipeline. Two broad gauge tank wagon loading gantries are
provided for loading white oil and black oil products.
(F) Storage Facilities

The tank farm which is integral part to the refinery caters to (i) Storage tanks of
crude feedstock, received through the crude pipeline, (ii) Intermediate and
component storage needed from routine operations and blending. The summary of
the feed, intermediate and product storage tanks and their pumps for Pre BR-9
project scenario are given in Table-2.14. The additional storage details for Post BR-
9 project scenario are presented in Table- 2.15.
TABLE - 2.14: Storage Facilities pre BR-9 project Scenario

Service No of TOTAL CAPACITY
Tanks/vessel (KL)
Crude Storage Tanks 8 285000
LPG 8 12000
SRN 6 30000
MS 15 78000
SKO 6 30000
ATF 2 10000
HSD 12 120000
LDO CUTTER 2 10000
FO 5 25000
CBFS 5 8000
Bitumen 7 9000
CRU Feed 5 17000
DHDT Feed 4 70000
RFCCU Feed 3 99000
RCO 8 40000

CLO 2 10000
IFO 3 15000
ATF 1 10000
ATF feed 1 5000
PCK 2 10000
TABLE - 2.15: Proposed new Storage Facilities under BR-9 Project

Service No of CAPACITY
Tanks/vessel (KL)
Crude Storage Tanks 2 40000 x 2
LPG 3 2000 x 3
PP 3 2000 x 3
SRN 1 10000
MS 4 10000 x 4
Coker Feed 2 5000 x 2
HSD & DHDT feed 3 20000 x 3
ISOMERATE 1 8000
OHCU feed tank 3 30000x1 + 10000 x2
CRU Feed 2 4000 x 2
Reformate 1 4500
DHCN 1 4500
FRN 2 2500 x 2
(G) Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

Barauni Refinery has been provided with an Effluent Treatment Plant since its
inception, so that the effluent quality meets the specifications. Subsequently,
facilities like Chemical Treatment, Bio-Treatment plant & Tertiary Treatment Plant
were added to ensure that the effluent meets the quality as per the latest and more
stringent quality standards under Environment Protection Act, 1986. A separate
pumping station has been provided for the recycling of the treated effluent back to
the refinery for various end uses.
(H) Miscellaneous Other Off-site Facilities

In addition to the major facilities mentioned above, the refinery has elaborate fire
protection facilities and fire water network covering all the areas, LPG bottling plant
to fill LPG cylinders, bulk LPG despatch facilities, Quality Control Laboratory,
various site offices and the Administrative Block. Besides, with the proposed BR-9
project, new Nitrogen Plant, new Cooling towers, new DM Plant, new Plant Air &
Instrument air plant, Coke handling facility and other associated facilities will also be
installed for smooth operation of the plant.

2.9 WATER AND WASTE WATER

2.9.1Requirement and Source of Water
In the refinery, water is required for operation of the process units, cooling towers
and TPS, and also to meet the domestic demand within the refinery.
Raw water for Barauni Refinery shall be supplied from raw water header (Artesian
well pumps) and recycling of treated effluent via dedicated headers from BTP &
TTP. The available quality of raw water as well as effluent from BTP & TTP is
suitable for directly feeding to cooling towers, fire water makeup and process unit
makeup (Cokers, SRU, DM Plants, etc.) without further treatment. The raw water is
pumped directly to Refinery raw water header which supplies raw water to various
consumers to meet process and other requirements. Similarly, independent treated
effluent headers will supply treated water to various consumers to meet process
and other requirement.
The existing water requirement for the refinery stands at 651m3/hr. There will be
additional 349m3/hr requirement of fresh water after the installation of the proposed
projects, after recycling treated effluent from the existing BTP & TTP. Hence, the
total water requirement will go up to 1000m3/hr after the installation of the proposed
project. The water balance diagrams for both pre BR-9 and post BR-9 project
scenarios are given in Figures-2.3 & 2.4 respectively.
FIGURE – 2.3 Water Balance Diagram for Pre BR-9 Project Scenario

FIGURE – 2.4 Water Balance Diagram for Post BR-9 Project Scenario
COOLING WATER SYSTEM

Cooling water shall be supplied to various units in the proposed expansion project
from nearest existing cooling towers. Cooling water will be supplied to AVU-IV,
FGATU, OHCU and Coker-B after revamp from existing Process cooling tower.
Cooling water will be supplied to new SRU, ARU, SWS, NHT, ISOM, HGU, FCC
LPG treater unit, RFCC after revamp from existing BXP cooling tower. Cooling
water will be supplied to PP, PRU, Coke handling package from existing TPS
cooling tower. Necessary augmentation will be done in existing cooling towers to
meet additional requirement for new units in the expansion project.
2.10.2 Types and Quantum of Waste Water

2.10.2.1 Waste Water Generation
There are a number of sources where liquid effluents get generated at the refinery
which ultimately are routed to the Effluent Treatment Plant to take care of the
pollutants carried by these streams. These are described as below:

Oily Effluents
 Source: Pump houses, Tank farms, Product loading, Gantries, Floor
washings, Process units (Drainage from vessels and sample points) etc.
 Pollutants: Oil, Phenols, Sulfides, Suspended Solids.
Chemical Effluents
 Source: Caustic washing of Naptha.
 Pollutants: Sulphides, Phenol and Oil.
Storm Water
 Sources: Paved unit areas, Tank farms, Loading areas.
 Pollutants: Suspended Solids and oil when contaminated.
Sanitary Waste
 Source: Refinery toilets, Refinery township.
 Pollutants: Suspended Solids.
Barauni Refinery has modernized its Effluent Treatment Facilities for the treatment
of refinery waste water (Oily water Sewage) generated from process units and tank
farm area as well as township & Refinery sanitary sewage at a cost of Rs. 112
Crore.
Effluent except sanitary waste is sent to ETP for primary treatment. The treated
effluent i.e., ETP discharge is transferred to BTP for further treatment. Both Refinery
and Township sanitary wastes are sent directly to BTP for treatment. BTP is
designed to produce treated effluent quality i.e., suitable for directly feeding as
make-up water to cooling towers without further treatment. Total wastewater
generation from the existing facility including Indjet Project is about 497 m3/hr.
Further about 50 m3/hr of open channel water, 60 m3/hr of township sewage, 11
m3/hr of refinery sewage and 50 m3/hr of DM plant reject is treated in BTP. The
effluent, to be generated from various units in the proposed project is estimated as
303m3/hr. This effluent shall be treated in the existing ETP.
The total effluent load from the refinery after the installation of the proposed projects
will be about 800 m3/hr. Further the extra open channel effluent of about 200 m3/hr
will be treated in storm water management system and extra DM plant reject of
about 44 m3/hr will be treated in ETP RO plant. The existing ETP has a design
capacity of 1000m3/hr and that of the BTP is 1400m3/hr. Therefore, the effluent load
of around 800m3/hr in the ETP and around 1171m3/hr including the effluent from
storm water management system in the BTP will be easily treated.

The entire treated wastewater will be recycled back to the refinery for various
purposes. There will be no discharge of any effluent outside the plant premises.
2.10.3 WASTE WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES

Following facilities (modifications & new facilities) have been installed.
Primary treatment (Modifications & New Facilities)

 Equalization Tank with fixed roof to absorb shock loads and to contain VOC
emissions.
 Removal of free & emulsified oil with a combination of Tilted Plate Interceptor (TPI)
& Dissolved Air Floatation (DAF) system. Free oil & Grease (Globule Dia.>60
microns) will be removed with the help of gravity in TPI. Thereafter residual free oil
and emulsified oil will be removed with the help of chemical coagulation and
flotation/settling in DAF system.
 Sludge Thickener and Centrifuge to reduce the amount of sludge generated by
drying it out and recovering maximum amount of water and oil entrapped.
 Spent caustic Treatment by H2O2 for converting poisonous sulfides into harmless
sulphates.
Secondary Treatment
 Bio-tower as first stage bio-treatment for transforming and breaking pollutants down
into more treatable and less polluting forms of matter biologically.
 Extended aeration system based on Fine Bubble Diffusers as second stage bio-
treatment.
 Clarifiers for effectively removing the bio-sludge generated.
 8 nos. of Low Pressure Sand Filters with air scouring and backwashing
arrangements to achieve supplemental removal of suspended solids.
 Bio-sludge Thickener and Centrifuge to reduce the amount of sludge generated by
drying it out and recovering maximum amount of water and oil entrapped.
Tertiary Treatment
Ultra-filtration Modules (UFM) along with all necessary treatment facilities have been
installed for treatment of a part of the effluent for reducing suspended solids, turbidity and
BOD levels in the filtered water so that the treated effluent can be re-used as fresh water
make up in the cooling towers.
Further RO plant has also been installed to further treat the treated effluent to reuse it as
makeup to DM Plant. The RO plant consists of following major sections:
1. Primary treatment section using High Rate Solid Contact Clarifier, Auto backwash filter
and Wallnut shell filter to remove TSS, Oil, BOD, COD and silica.
2. Secondary treatment section using existing basket strainer and UF system.

3. Tertiary treatment section using oil polishing cartridge filter followed by RO system to
reduce TDS, Silica, COD and BOD to required level and then removal of excess CO 2 by
degasser.
The quality of the RO treated water is presented in Table-2.16.
TABLE-2.16
ROPERMEATEWATERCHARACTERISTICS(DESIGN)
FOR NEWROTREATMENTPLANT
.... ·· .
Sl. Parameters•· · UnitPara Specific ations
No.
1. Unit
Flow • meters•
m3/hr · · 400
Pa Specifications UnitoC •
2.
ra Temperature Ambient
Specific
3.
me pH - 6.5-8.5
ations
ter
4. TotalDissolvedSolids ppm <400
s•·
5. · ChloridesasCl <20
ppm
Unit
6.• SulphatesasS04 ppm <25
Sp
7. TotalHardnessasCaCO3 ppm <200
eci
8. CalciumHardnessasCaCO3 ppm <ISO
fic
9.. Magnesium ppm <50
ati
IO.
on HardnessasCaC03
TotalNa+ KasCaCO3 ppm <100
s
11. TotalSilicaasSiO2 ppm <18
12. ReactiveSilicaasSiO2 ppm <18
13. ColloidalSilicaasSiO2 ppm <]
14. Oil&Grease ppm NIL
15. BOD(3daysat27oC) ppm <5
16. COD ppm <25
17. Sulphides asS-- ppm NIL
18. Phenolics asphenol ppm NIL
19. TotalDissolvedIron ppm <I
(Ferrousbicarbonate)asFe
.· .. -'~.~·:-.:: :-."~ ~·.. ·:·;··· .. >::::!.

Disposal of RO reject
RO reject which will be generated during RO plant operation will be utilized for Coke cutting
water & spraying in Coke yard (to be dispensed with the product) as well as make up for
eco-pond, horticulture & greenbelt while maintaining TDS within permissible limit. Detailed
breakup of RO reject utilization as per above water balance chart is as below:
 52m3/hr - For the purpose of Coke Cutting water & fire water makeup and makeup for
Eco Pond, Horticulture and green belt after dilution with treated water.
 25m3/hr – for spraying in Coke yard.
The Characteristics of Effluent generated are given in the table below.
Effluent Quality at ETP Inlet

Value
S.N. Parameter
(mg/l except pH and Flow)
1 Flow (m3/hr) 500-1000
2 pH 6.5 – 8.5
3 Oil & Grease 18000
4 BOD (3 days @ 27oC) 1000
5 COD 10000
6 TSS 1000
7 Phenols 40
8 Sulphides (as S) 150
9 CN (as CN) 0.2
10 Ammonia as N 50
11 TKN 100
The Effluent Treatment Facility at the Barauni Refinery is shown in Figure-2.5.

FIGURE-2.5: MODERNIZED EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT OF BR
2.10.4 Compliance with Standards

Treated effluent from the Refinery is to meet MINAS as notified by Central Pollution
Control Board. MINAS has later been included in the Environment (Protection)
Rules, 1986. At present, the treated effluent is meeting MINAS. Quality of treated
effluent is monitored every day to check the compliance of the standard.
Performance evaluation of the Effluent Treatment Plant & the Biological Treatment
Plant is conducted on daily basis.
A comparison of MINAS and the present effluent quality will show that at present,
the effluent standard is well within the MINAS regulations both qualitatively and
quantitatively. After the commissioning of the additional units, pollution load will
increase marginally and meet MINAS both qualitatively and quantitatively.

.
2.10.5 Re-use of Waste Water
Barauni Refinery is reusing the major portion of the treated effluent for:
 DM Plant makeup
 Fire Water Makeup
 Cooling Tower make up
 Coke Cutting
 Gardening and horticulture
 Eco Ponds
2.10.6 Management of Storm Water

Storm water gets generated during rains from various catchment areas in the
refinery such as Tank farms, Loading Gantries, paved areas in various units,
building roofs, roads and surrounding open areas. Presently a large fraction of
storm water generated flows through the storm water open channel particularly in
monsoon. The storm water from various areas gets routed through the network of
open channels which are interconnected and finally the storm water flows to the
ETP inlet. In the proposed project separate storm water management facility will be
constructed through which storm water will be directly routed to BTP. However in
case of heavy rain the storm water will be routed out of the refinery to burrow pit.
2.11 Measures for Fugitive Emission Control

No major process vents and fugitive emissions are envisaged from proposed
project. However, the currently adopted plant wide Leak Detection and Repair
Program will be extended to control fugitive VOC emissions, thereby achieving the
emission standards. Fugitive Emission Monitoring for Hydrocarbons is conducted at
around fifteen hundred (10000) locations inside the plant with a frequency of every
three (3) months. Double seals are provided in LPG and Naptha and phenol pumps
to reduce fugitive emissions.
The preventive measure for leakage shall be as per OISD and Environment
(Protection) Rules, 1986.
Following measure have been taken to control Fugitive Emission

 Installation of VOC System in ETP
 Regular LDAR survey covering the whole refinery.
 Installation of floating roof with double seals in all Class-A tanks for reduction of
fugitive emissions.

 Provision of mechanical seals in all the hydrocarbon pumps for reduction of

fugitive emissions.
 TPM implementation for reduction of hydrocarbon looses and to attain zero
leakage status.
2.12 SOLID/ HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION AND DISPOSAL

Mainly four types of solid wastes are generated in the Refinery and its townships;
namely oily sludge, biological sludge (from the biological treatment of the
wastewater), other industrial solid wastes (intermittent) and the domestic solid
wastes. The oily-sludge and spent catalyst of RFCCU are the hazardous wastes
generated in refinery operations.
Oily sludge is generated mainly during cleaning of storage tanks and from ETP. It is
processed by “Mechanized Skid Process” for recovery of 90-95% oil from oily
sludge and generation of minimum quantity of residual oily sludge. Mechanical
extraction method uses solvent & steam heating and then oily sludge is processed
in a plant equipped with centrifuge in order to recover maximum possible oil and
water. The sludge is broken down into water, oil and base sediments. Water is
drained into ETP for further treatment while the recovered oil is pumped into slop oil
tanks for reprocessing in the refinery. The base sediment (residual oily sludge) in
solid state has an oil content of around 3-8%wt and is disposed through
bioremediation facility inside the refinery.
Detailed process flow diagram for the same is shown as below.

Bioremediation of residual Oily Sludge
Residual sludge generated from mechanized skid process is disposed off by means of
bioremediation in lined pits. In this process, residual oily sludge generated is degraded into
water and carbon dioxide by spreading sludge on earmarked site and applying bacterial
consortium Oilivorous-S along with nutrients. The designated area is tilled every fortnight
using a tractor trailer. The Oilivorous –S bacteria, developed jointly by M/S TERI and IOCL
(R&D), eats away the residual oil.
Spent Catalyst
 RFCCU Spent Cat is generated on continuous basis in which a part of catalyst being
circulated in the reactor-regenerator section is taken out so that activity of catalyst is
maintained. RFCCU Spent catalyst is stored in the jumbo bags in which fresh catalyst
are stored. Same is co-processed in Cement Industry.
 One time Catalyst is generated whenever the activity of catalyst is reduced to such a
level that further plant operation is not possible. These catalysts are stored in drums
and are disposed off through MSTC.
Temporary Storage site for Spent Catalyst
 Spent catalyst is stored in Old LPG bottling plant shed before disposal.
Horticulture Waste and Kitchen wastes of Township & Canteen mixed Wastes
 Since refinery is built in such a large area hence horticulture waste mainly grass is
generated which is processed in Organic Waste Convertor.
 Kitchen wastes are generated in every household of the township. Also canteen
wastes are generated in refinery. Both these waste are collected and processed in
Organic Waste Convertor.
Waste Batteries
 Waste batteries generated and returned back to manufactures/vendors under buyback

scheme.
Metal Waste and drums
 Metal waste and drum waste generated are disposed through MSTC.

Following measures have been taken to minimize Hazardous Waste Generation:
Provision of Side Entry Mixers:

In order to minimize the generation of oily sludge, all the crude oil tanks have been
provided with side entry mixers and they are operated regularly. The regular
operation of the side entry mixers is reviewed monthly by the top management of
Barauni Refinery, which clearly indicates the commitment of Barauni Refinery
towards environment preservation.
Mechanized Cleaning of Crude Oil Tanks

In an another initiative to reduce the oily sludge generation from crude oil tanks, and
to avoid the contamination of soil with oil which sometimes happens while
transporting the raw oily sludge from tanks to oily sludge processing site, Barauni
Refinery has implemented in-situ mechanized tank cleaning system in place of
manual tank cleaning system. Apart from the environmental benefits, this has also
resulted in improved and healthier working conditions for the workers involved in
tanks cleaning.
2.13 PLANT LAYOUT

Plant layout of Barauni Refinery, showing all existing & proposed units, auxiliary
facilities, greenbelt etc. is shown in Figure-2.6.
2.14 EMPLOYMENT
Man Power requirement for proposed capacity expansion project has been
estimated as 140 nos. Local skilled and unskilled labour will be required during
construction phase. However exact man power (regular+ contractual) requirement
would be finalized at a later stage.
2.15 COST
Total cost of the project has been estimated to be Rs. 8287 Crore (with +/- 30%
accuracy) inclusive of foreign exchange component of Rs. 1263 crore based on
exchange rate of Rs. 66.5 per USD and financial cost of Rs. 564 crore.

CHAPTER-3.0
BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL
SCENARIO
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE
Barauni Refinery (BR) of Indian Oil Corporation Limited is located in
Development Block Barauni of District Begusarai of the State of Bihar, about 8
kms. away from the northern or left bank of Ganges. Its geographical co-
ordinates are Latitude 25o25'54”N and Longitude 86o03'36”E with above mean
sea level (AMSL) 160 ft. The Location Map of the project site - on Google Earth
is presented in Figure-3.1.1.
3.1.2 TRANSPORTATION:
The district head quarter town of Begusarai is about 6 km to the east and the
Refinery Township is just adjacent to Begusarai, being about 5 km from the
Refinery. The block head quarter town of Barauni is about 10 km due WNW. The
project site already has proper road linkage for transport of materials and
equipment. The Railway Station Begusarai is located at a distance of 7 km from
the project site towards east and Barauni Railway Station is located at a distance
of 7 km from the project site towards North-West. There is good road connectivity
as National Highway-31 (NH-31) is close to the project site, about 0.5 kms. The
nearest Airport – Jai Prakash Narayan Airport, Patna, is situated at a distance of
about 100 km from the project site.
3.1.3 SURROUNDINGS OF THE PROJECT SITE:

The important river near the Project site is the River Ganga which flows at a
distance of 8 km from the northern or left bank of Ganges. The nearest important
town and the District Head Quarter Begusarai is located about 6 km distance
towards east from the Project site.
3.1.4 COVERAGE OF THE STUDY AREA

The EIA is aimed at determining the environmental impacts on the "Study Area",
which encompasses all areas falling within a radius of 10 km around the
proposed project site. The entire 10 km radius study area around the proposed
project comprises of Teghra, Barauni, Birpur, Begusarai & Matihani under
Begusarai District in Bihar.
3.1.5 PHYSIOGRAPHY
Barauni is an important industrial town located in Begusarai district of Bihar.
Baseline Environmental Scenario Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

There are no eco-sensitive areas like National Parks/ Wildlife Sanctuaries/

Biosphere Reserves/ Migratory Corridors of wild animals etc. within 10 km radius
study area around the Project site. The 10 km radius study area map around the
project site has been presented in Figure-3.1.2.
The major environmental disciplines studied in this EIA report include Geology
and Geo-hydrology, Land Use, Soil, Meteorology, Ambient air Quality, Surface
and Ground Water Quality, Noise, Ecology, Demography and Socio-Economic
Status.
The following chapters present the detailed discussion on the field data,
generated for soil, meteorology, water quality, air quality, noise, ecology, and
socio-economic during three months’ period (February, 2018 – April, 2018)
along with the relevant secondary data, collected from various agencies on the
relevant disciplines.

FIGURE-3.1.1: PROJECT SITE LOCATION

SITE LOCATION:
BARAUNI REFINERY, DISTRICT BEGUSARAI, BIHAR
SITE CO-ORDINATES:
Latitude 25o25'54”N and Longitude 86o03'36”E
(ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL: 160 FT)

FIGURE-3.1.2: PROJECT SITE GOOGLE MAP

SITE LOCATION:
BARAUNI REFINERY, DISTRICT BEGUSARAI, BIHAR
SITE CO-ORDINATES:
Latitude 25o25'54”N and Longitude 86o03'36”E
(ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL: 160 FT)

FIGURE – 3.1.3: 10 KM RADIUS STUDY AREA

3.2 GEOLOGY AND GEOHYDROLOGY OF THE STUDY AREA

3.2.1 GEOLOGY OF THE STUDY AREA
INTRODUCTION:
The whole study area is under the district of Begusarai which is a part of the
middle Gangetic plain. The district has a terraced alluvial landscape shaped
Himalayan and sub Himalayan rivers viz., the Ganga, the Burhi Gandak, the
Bagmati and small rivers like Balan. The general elevation of the district ranges
between 41 – 48 m above MSL, having an average elevation of 37 – 39 m above
MSL. Geomorphologically, the district can be broadly dived into Ganga plain and
diara plain, both constituting the depositional land scape. The important fluvial
land forms in Ganga plain are natural levee, abandoned channel. The important
fluvial land forms in diara plain are channel bar and point bar.
3.2.1.1 GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE:

The area forms a part of the Gangetic plain underlain by immensely thick alluvial
deposits comprising sediments (sand, gravel and clay) of Quaternary age
deposited unconfirmably over the Precambrian basement. The alluvial deposits
are characteristically divided into Older and Younger Alluvium.
Younger Alluvium: The Younger Alluvium is in general light coloured and poor
in calcareous matter. It contains lenticular beds of sand and gravel and peat
beds.
Older Alluvium: The Older Alluvium (called Bhangar in the Ganges valley) forms
slightly elevated terraces, generally above the flood level. These are dark
coloured and in general are rich in concretion and nodules of impure calcium
carbonate, locally known known as ‘kankar’, of various shapes and sizes.
The Ganga basin is an active foreland basin formed in response to the uplift of
Himalaya due to collision of the Indian and the Asian plate. The area forms a part
of the Gangetic plains underlain by immensely thick alluvial deposits. Delineation
of aquifer geometry based on the available data reveals presence of a thick pile
of alluvial sediments of Quaternary age comprising various grades of clay, silt
and sand which constitutes the ground water reservoir.
The sands brought and deposited by the Ganga are grey, micaceous and rich in
ferromagnesian minerals and occupy the topmost horizon along the course of the
river up to a few kilometres south of it constituting the newer alluvium consisting
of clay, kankars, fine to coarse grained sands, gravels and pebbles at depths.

3.2.1.2 PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES:

The study area of Begusarai district lies in the middle part of this great plain
known as mid Ganga plain. In general, it is a low-lying flat terrain having a
southerly to southeasterly slope. This factor governs the flow of streams.
Geomorphologically it is a part of the Gandak-Kosi interfluve. The southern part
of the district, except those of low-lying flood plains of Ganga, appears to be an
elevated landmass when compared to the adjoining districts of Khagaria and
Samastipur. Hence, being a safer destination amidst the flood drained region, it
supports the human activities in a better way.
The district Begusarai is divided into three flood plains namely:

i) Kereha-Old Bhagmati flood plains,
ii) Burhi Gandhak Flood plain, and
iii) The Ganga Flood plain
3.2.1.3 GEOMORPHIC SETUP:

The mid-Ganga plains may be broadly divided into a number of major
geomorphic units. The northernmost part is the region of the Siwalik ranges and
is followed by the piedmont fan surface fringing the foothills, 10-30km wide, built
up by coalescing fan surfaces of major Himalayan rivers. This surface includes
both the bhabar and tarai land. Built upon these surfaces are fluvial regimes
classified into mega-fans (f) and interfluves, characterised by upland terraces
(T2), river valley terraces (T1) and active flood plain surfaces (T0). The entire
study area of the district falls in this T0 surface. The southern and northern banks
of the Ganga in and around Begusarai are characterized by tributaries that flow
parallel to the Ganga for long distances over the floodplain itself, before it joins at
deferred junctions. This belt is named as the Gangayazoo belt. The Gandak-Kosi
interfan has been divided into an upper area of gently converging rivers that flow
SE, Perpendicular to the mountain front and a downstream area (the district of
Begusarai and neighbouring area) where the more sinuous channels of the Burhi
Gandak, Baghmati,Kamla and Balan systems flow gently to the SE. Regional
geomorphic elements of the Mid-Ganga Plains of Bihar with indication of the
project site has been shown below in Figure-3.2.1.

PROJECT
SITE
FIGURE - 3.2.1
Regional geomorphic elements of the Mid-Ganga Plains of
Bihar. T – River valley terrace surface; T0 – active floodplain
surface. MP – Marginal plain upland surface; PF Piedmont fan
surface.
3.2.1.4 GEOLOGICAL FORMATION:

The geology of the study area constitutes the highest alluvial plain in the domain
of the Himalayan Rivers to the north of the Ganga. It is a part of the Great
Gangetic Basin. The basin was formed during late Paleogene-Neogene times
and is related to the upheaval of the Himalayas vis a vis flexural downwarp of the
Indian Lithosphere under the supracrustal load of the Himalayas. The entire
segment abounds in buried faults and grabens. The basin came into existence as
a result of the collision of India and China continental Plates (Dewcy and Bird,
1970 in Parkash) during the Paleocene. Collision resulted in intraplate
subduction along the MCT (Main Central Thrust lying in the Himalayas) raising
the Higher Himalaya to form source rocks and “popping through” of the more
southerly part of the Indian plate to form the basin. This “popping through” might
have lead to the development of longitudinal and transverse lineaments

throughout the basin. With time more southerly areas were raised and by mid-
Paleocene subduction also started along the MBF (Main Boundary Fault lying in
the Himalayas). These phenomena are reflected in the presence of a coarsening
up megacycle with at least two superimposed minor cycle and in the composition
of the sandstone and conglomerates of the basin. Later folding of the northern
edge of basin to form the Siwalik Ranges during the Early Pleistocene led to
cannibalism of this part of the basin.
The basin had east west elongated shape and started with a shallow marine
environment, which changed to estuarine and deltaic one with time. By mid-
Miocene, continental sedimentation marked by fluvial environment dominated the
scene and this set up has continued to the recent with minor modifications. The
basin had predominantly transversal pattern controlled by southerly flowing rivers
emerging from the Himalaya and during Neogene period, a master stream along
the southern margin of the basin drained into the Bay of Bengal. The fluvial
sedimentation took place the form of mega-alluvial cones. Sedimentation in the
basin was influenced by tectonism throughout its evolution.
3.2.1.5 QUATERNARY FAULT SYSTEM:

A Quaternary fault system has been identified in the region. This is an echelon
pattern of surface faults associated with Begusarai fault. Within this fault zone,
various geomorphic features are found which have their origin in both the lateral
and vertical movement of fault-bounded slices, as well as in the persistent strike-
slip. In regions where tectonic activity is less pronounced, streams generally flow
more or less perpendicular to the adjacent highlands.
The Quaternernay sediments of the Indogangetic plains have been traditionally

subdivided into the older and younger alluvium and locally called Bhanger and
Khader. The entire study area of Begusarai District falls in the domain of
“Khader” sediments. The Quaternary Fault System of thee Indo-Gangetic plain
has been presented below in Figure-3.2.2.

PROJECT SITE
FIGURE-3.2.2
QUATERNARY FAULT SYSTEM OF INDO-GANGETIC PLAIN
3.2.1.6 SOIL FORMATION OF THE STUDY AREA:

The soil of this land unit is primarily unaltered alluvium, which is yet to undergo
pedogenesis (process of soil formation). Texturally it varies from sandy loam to
loam in the meander scroll and levee (the upland bounding the flood plains of
the river) areas, to silty loam and silt in flood basin areas of the Himalayan rivers
and from loam in the levees of Ganga to clayey loam and clay in the basin of
Burhi Gandak and Bhagmati river. The soil of the area is sandy loam rich with
humus and is also very fertile.

3.2.2 GEOHYDROLOGY OF THE STUDY AREA

3.2.2.1 GROUNDWATER GEOHYDROLOGY:
Geological setup, distribution of rainfall and the ease of circulation of the water
through interconnected pores of the geological formations constituting the aquifer
make the hydrogeological frame work of the area. Based on the geological
diversities and relative ground water potentialities in the aquifer belonging to
different geological formation, the district can be subdivided broadly into two
hydrogeological units- (a) Older alluvium (Ganga formation) and (b) Newer
alluvium (Diara formation).
The alluvium of the Ganga plain is consisting of alterations of gravel, sand of

various grades and clay beds. Gravel and sand constitute the prolific aquifers.
The thickness of alluvium is more than 600m. In the diara plain, the alluvium
consiss of sand silt and clay.
Occurrence of Ground Water:

The ground water occurs under water table condition, semi confined to confined
condition. The ground water in the phreatic aquifer occurs under water table
conditions. The shallow phreatic aquifer is commonly tapped by dug-wells of
depth ranges from 5 to 15 m bgl. The shallow tube-wells tap unconfined aquifer
and disposed at a depth between 20 to 60 m. The deep tube-wells have been
constructed tapping aquifers disposed at deeper levels. These aquifers are in
semi-confined to confined condition.
Water Level Fluctuation:

The water level is measured at 11 HNS stations in the district and it has been
found that the pre-monsoon depth to water level generally varies from 6.7 to 9.5
m bgl. It remains within 10 m in major part of the district (Figure-3.2.3).The water
level is beyond 10 m only small patch in northern part of the district. The post-
monsoon water level generally varies from 2.85 to 6.10 m bgl. However, it
remains within 5 m in major part of the district (Figure-3.2.4). The seasonal water
level fluctuation from pre to post monsoon indicate rise of 1.15 to 5.35m.

FIGURE-3.2.3
Pre-monsoon water level map of Begusarai district
FIGURE-3.2.4
Post-monsoon water level map of Begusarai district

Ground Water Hydraulics:

The hydraulic characteristics of aquifer tapped by a deep exploratory well and the
zones tapped by these wells are shown in table below. Pump test data of these
wells reveal that the yield of tube wells ranges between 125 – 135 m3/hr. The
aquifer test has revealed that the transmissivity value ranges between 3500 –
6000 m2/day whereas storativity ranges between 8.39X10-3 to 1.75 X 10-4. The
ground water in deeper aquifer occurs under confined to semi-confined state.
The piezometric heads of deeper aquifer ranges between 1 to 5 m bgl.
Ground Water Management Strategy:

There is need to adopt an integrated approach of development of ground water
resources dovetailed with ground water augmentation to provide sustainability to
ground water development. The younger and older alluvium of huge thickness
covers the whole district. The multilayer aquifers occur in the district. Shallow
tube well are feasible within 40 – 60 m depth ranges with a good discharge of 20
– 30 m3/hr. whereas deep tube wells having depth range of 100-200 m tapping
the deeper aquifer can safely yield 100 – 200 m3/hr. and few brackish water
zones occur at depth, which may be isolated while making ground water
structures.
3.2.2.2 SURFACE WATER GEOHYDROLOGY:

Mode of draining water or drainage is an important controlling factor in
influencing soil erosion. Generally soil loss or removal is accomplished by
running water and that is why it is pertinent to have a discussion on drainage in
the study area.
The main and major River in the study area is the River Ganga which is flowing
from west direction to the east direction in the study area.
The Ganga River:

The Ganga basin is the largest basin in India having total drainage area of 10.86
lakh sq.km, out of which 8.61 lakh sq.km. lies in India. The Indian part of the
basin lies between longitudes 73020'00"E to 88053'23"E and latitude of
22040'00"N to 31027'21"N. The river Bhagirathi originates from Gangotri glaciers
in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand state at an elevation of about 7010 m. At
Devprayag, the river Alakhnanda joins river Bhagirathi and combined stream is
known as Ganga. After flowing for about 250 km through hilly portion in torrents
and cascades terrain, it debouches into the plains at Rishikesh of Haridwar
district of Uttarakhand. After flowing about 30 km further upto Haridwar towns it
emerges into fertile plains of Uttar Pradesh. Ramganga, the first major tributary
of Ganga joins it from left side in Hardoi district. The Ganga receives its largest
tributary, the Yamuna from the right after covering a length of about 1100 km up

to Allahabad. The confluence is well known a Sangam. The river Ganga travels
from west to east almost in full length in Bihar and is joined by the river Kiul-
Harohar below Suarajgarha on right side and Burhi Gandak near Khagaria on left
side. The total length of the Ganga River from its origin to outfall to the Bay of
Bengal is about 2525 km out of which 1450 km lies in Uttaranchal and Uttar
Pradesh, 110 km along the Uttar Pradesh-Bihar border, 445 km in Bihar and 520
km in West Bengal.
The distance of the River Ganga which is flowing from west to east in the study
area, is around 7.5 Km far in the south side w.r.t. the Project site.
Drainage System of the Study Area:

The district is drained by a no of rivers viz. Ganga, Burhi Gandak, Bagmati and
Balan rivers and in addition, small rivulets, dhars, nalas which are originated
locally and preserve rain water, mark the landscape. All the types of streams i.e.
the mountain fed, foothill fed, plain fed and mixed fed, drains the district. The
small rivulets serve as tributaries to the streams of higher order. These rivulets
are often dry lowlands during summer and flooded during rainy season.
In general, the drainage pattern of the rivers of this region forms a part of the
greater Gangetic Plain, which is characterized as dendritic drainage pattern.
However, locally they exhibit their typical characteristics. The Ganga River here
shows Yazoo pattern of drainage and the area is known a Ganga Yazoo belt.
Yazoo pattern of drainage is defined by the streams, which travel in a parallel
fashion before confluence. The Drainage pattern of the River Ganga in the state
of Bihar has been shown in Figure-3.2.5.
River Ganga enters into the southwest part draining the Chamtha block in the
district. This river along with its flood plains, “Chaurs” and “Tals” determines the
boundary of the district in the southern part.
The Burhi Gandak River showing very high sinuosity and has characteristically
low slit content than other Himalayan rivers. After traversing a distance of
approximately 100 Km. it drains in Ganga near Khagaria. This river may cause
periodic floods in the study area.

FIGURE-3.2.5
THE DRAINAGE PATTERN OF THE RIVER GANGA
Other Water Bodies:

Beside the River Ganga, there are various types of water bodies like lakes,
Oxbow lakes, Beels, jheels, creeps, ponds etc. present in the study area.
3.2.2.3 MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR RECHARGING THE AQUIFERS AT THE

PROJECT AREA
Recharging of the aquifers within plant premises is not applicable for this
industrial project. However, efforts would be made for the conservation of
surface water and ground water at the project area.
Management Plan for the Conservation of Surface Water & Ground Water
at the Project Area:
Conservation of Surface Water Resources:

1. No garbage dumping will be made near any surface water / ground water
resource.

2. Technique of improvement of water quality using aquatic plants and fishes will
be introduced where necessary in order to avoid mosquito breeding.
3. No sewage will be diverted to water bodies in order to maintain their water
quality.
4. Rain water harvesting system will be introduced at the project site.
Conservation of Ground Water Resources

Efforts will be made to maintain the sustainability of ground water resources by
arresting the ground water outflows by Watershed Management.
3.3 FLOOD HAZARD ZONATION MAPPING:

The unique geo-physical settings of the North Bihar plain make it one of the most
vulnerable areas to floods of the country. The Ganga flowing from west to east
bisects the State into two parts. The alluvial plains, north of Ganga are drained
by the Ghagra, the Gandak, the Burhi Gandak, the Bagmati, the Adhwara group
of rivers, the Kamla, the Kosi and the Mahananda which are the tributaries of the
Ganga which acts as the master drain. These rivers are notorious for changing
their course, forming delta and affecting land building. Floods in North Bihar
plains are result of interplay of various physical factors such as geomorphology
topography, hydrology and hydrometeorology. However floods in North Bihar are
not independent physical event. The map (Figure-3.3) shows the flood zones in
Bihar suggest that extensive area of Bihar is vulnerable to havoc of floods, and
unfortunately this is cyclic. North Bihar plains have been facing the severe
flooding of varying intensities through the ages.
However, Southern part of Bihar, on the other hand, is drained by rivers that are
largely rainfed, having their origins either in the Vindhyachal Hills or in the Hills of
Chotanagpur and Rajmahal. These rivers are either dry or have scanty
discharges in non-monsoon months.
Flood Plain Areas of Begusarai District:

The district Begusarai is divided into three flood plains namely:
i) Kereha-Old Bhagmati flood plains,
ii) Burhi Gandhak Flood plain, and
iii) The Ganga Flood plain
The first two flood plains of the district are very low lying areas and are prone to
the flood. The floods owe their origin to the complex interplay of fluvial
geomorphic elements in the upstream sections of the Kosi, Bagmati-Kareh-Budhi
Gandak and related rivers. These two flood plains converge in the southeastern
part of the district, which is lowland. The streams flowing in the region show a

shifting tendency. In the course of their shifting, the rivers leave behind their
scars of their previous channels. Thus due to shifting nature of streams and
physiographic characteristic, this part is full of wetlands, backswamps and oxbow
lakes. Interestingly the Railway track passing through the district marks a
prominent divider line for Ganga flood plain and Kereha- old Bhagmati flood
plains & Burhi Gandhak flood plain. The Flood plains of Burhi Gandak and
Kareha are marked by the presence of paleo levees, oxbow lakes,
paleochannels, relict streams and chaurs viz Kaulachaur and Bhagwanpur chaur.
These chaurs serve as excellent fertile agricultural lands during summer and are
submerged during rains. Also the areas around these chaurs face the problem of
submergence for around three-four months a year. However, in the southern
part of the district, the flood plains of Ganga are least prone to flood.
In the Ganga Flood plain, which is approximately 50-55km long and 5-6kms
wide, in the southern part of the district, except those low lying areas of “Taals
and chaurs”, the typical fluvial characteristics of North Bihar Rivers are not
visible, which are prominent in the north of Railway track. This is the least flood
prone area of the district, which gets drowned only in cases of exceptional floods
in Ganga and Burhi Gandak. This relatively upland area appears to be the levee
of river Ganga.
However, the study area is in the southern part of the state of Bihar is
under the less Flood Hazard Zone. No recent flood has been recorded in the
study area till now. The Flood Hazard Zonation Mapping of Bihar has been
shown in Figure-3.3.

PROJECT SITE
FIGURE-3.3
FLOOD HAZARD ZONATION MAPPING
3.4 SEISMICITY
Being located in the high seismic zone perched on the boundary of the
tectonic plate joining the Himalayan tectonic plate near the Bihar-Nepal
Border and having six sub-surface fault lines penetrating through its
Gangetic planes in four directions, Bihar is vulnerable to the worst kind of
disaster caused by earthquake of near maximum intensity.
According to IS: 1893 – 1984, the Project Site falls under Zone – IV. It
means that the earthquake shock in the area is high. But there is no major
earthquake episode recorded in the study area till date. Seismic Zoning
Map of Bihar with indication of the project site has been presented in
Figure-3.4.

PROJECT SITE
FIGURE-3.4
SEISMIC ZONING MAP OF BIHAR

3.5 MAJOR OPERATIONAL INDUSTRIES IN 10 KM RADIUS AREA

AROUND THE PROJECT SITE
There are following operational industries found within the 10 km radius area
around the project site:
SL. NO. NAME OF INDUSTRY

1 Barauni Thermal Power Station
2 Durga Chemical Industries
3 India Electrical Industries
4 Kishco Wax Industries
5 Mahabir Industries
6 IOCL LPG Bottling Plant
7 Neo Carbons Pvt. Ltd.
8 Graphite India Ltd.

3.6 LANDUSE
Land use pattern of an area plays an important role in conducting Environmental
Impact Assessment of a project. The land use pattern within the study area of the
refinery has been assessed with the application of Geographic Information
System.
Geographic Information System or GIS offers a variety of analysis and modelling

tools for dealing with many of the complex decisions. A GIS, as a decision
support system, in this context, is a computer software technology that combines
attribute data as well as spatial data - vector, raster, CAD, and TIN – with
statistical analysis to evolve a variety of scenarios for interpretation,
comprehension, exploration and development.
3.6.1 METHODOLOGY
The inputs for the study included four paper maps and LISS III multi – spectral
digital data.
GIS routines, performed for the study, included scanning of paper maps of the
area, importing the scanned maps into the GIS software, geo referencing the
imported scanned maps, removing the residual errors, spatial data editing,
creating the attribute databases, attaching the databases with one another and
the spatial data.
The GIS routines, performed, also included importing and geo referencing digital
data, creating a mosaic of the four geo referenced scanned maps, creating a
subset of the mosaic to match the extents of the extract of the digital data,
defining the study area, and application of numerous image processing
techniques on the digital data.
3.6.2 RESULTS OF THE STUDY

Four layouts have been created, comprising relevant information derived from
numerous secondary sources, and the outputs of numerous image analysis
techniques applied on the digital data. Briefly, the layouts are described as
under:
 Layout 1: Display of RGB after application of De-correlation Stretch. The

increase saturation helps distinguish different features and conditions
(shades of green, orange, red, brown, and lavender) (Figure-3.6.1).

 Layout 2: Display of 3/2 ratio image for the study area with auto
normalized contrast enhancement. A band ratio image emphasizes the
inherent properties of the surface materials. In a grayscale display of a
ratio image, the darkest and lightest tones identify areas with the greatest
difference in reflectance for the two spectral bands. Areas with similar
reflectance appear in intermediate gray tones (Figure-3.6.2).
 Layout 3: Display of an image created via supervised classification
carried out on the basis of the information available from the physical
surveys carried out between 1975 and 1984 and the general
comprehension of the available ground truth information (Figure-3.6.3).
 Layout 4: Display of the land use within the study areas based on the
information available from the physical surveys carried out between 1975
and 1984 and the general comprehension of ground truth information
(Figure-3.6.4).
3.6.3 DISCUSSIONS
An analysis of the land use within the study area (Figures 3.6.3 & 3.6.4)
indicates a decline of 23.94% in the flood prone areas, and the areas under
(orchards) horticulture and agriculture. The study indicates a growth of 66.56% in
the area under settlements (towns, villages) and hutments. More specifically, the
study indicates a decline of 4.17% in flood prone areas, and a decline of 38.89%
in (orchards) horticulture and agriculture. The study indicates a growth of 35.42%
in the area under hutments and a growth of 137.09% in the area under
settlements (towns and villages).
The changes in the land use seem to be the effects of sedimentation in flood
prone areas and the growth of population around the establishments that
constitute the backward and forward linkages to Barauni Refinery and the
Refinery itself. The study as such may help application of appropriate land use
controls to ensure an environmentally suitable and sustainable existence of the
refinery and its hinterland.

Figure – 3.6.1
Figure – 3.6.2

Figure – 3.6.3
Figure – 3.6.4

3.7 SOIL
Soil may be defined as a thin layer of earth’s crust that serves as a natural
medium for the growth of plants. It is the unconsolidated mineral matter that has
been subjected to and influenced by genetic and environmental factors such as
parent materials, climate, organisms and physico-chemical action of wind, water
and sunlight, all acting over a period of time. Soil differs from the parent materials
in the morphological, physical, chemical and biological properties. Also soil
differs among themselves in some or all the genetic or environmental factors,
therefore, some soils are yellow, some are black, some are reddish, some are
coarse textured. They serve as a reservoir of nutrients for plants and crop and
also provide mechanical anchorage and favorable tilth.
3.7.1 FIELD STUDY, SAMPLING & ANALYSIS

To assess the impacts of the industrial and urban activities on the soils in the
study area, the physico-chemical characteristics of soils within the study area
have been examined by obtaining soil samples from selected points and analysis
of the same.
Four (4) sampling stations were selected for studying soil characteristics, which
has been shown in Table-3.7.1. Stations have been spread over the study area,
keeping in view the vegetative cover, soil types and maximum deposition of
pollutants emitted through stacks, which would accord an overall idea of the soil
characteristics within the study area.
The samples were collected once in the study period. A number of parameters
were determined which are indicative of physical, chemical and fertility
characteristics. The physico-chemical characteristics of the soils in the study
area, as obtained from the analysis of the soil samples, are presented in Table-
3.7.2.
3.7.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL IN THE STUDY AREA
3.7.2.1 Physical Characteristics

The physical properties examined include colour, texture, bulk density, porosity
and water holding capacity. Colours of soils were observed to be generally
brownish. It is well documented that soils ranging between Brownish to Reddish
are generally acidic with low in nitrogen, calcium, phosphate and other plant
nutrients.
Soils having larger particles usually have higher bulk density than those of
smaller particles. Bulk density of soils in the study area varied between (1.04 –
1.14) gm/cm3 which is normal for such soils. Water holding capacity of the soils
varied between (34.7 – 37.5)%. Grain Size analysis shows that sand, silt and
clay in the study area were found in the range of (10 – 16)%, (30 – 38)% and (46
– 58)% respectively.
3.7.2.2 Chemical Characteristics

The pH of the soils were found to be in the range of (7.4 – 8.1). Electrical
conductivity (EC) was found varying between (416 – 479) µmhos/cm. In soil
samples, calcium content of the soils varied between (0.25 – 0.35)%. Range of
sodium in the soils varied between (0.22 – 0.40)%. In soil, sodium generally
occurs as NaCl, Na2SO4 and sometimes, as Na2CO3 and other soluble salts.
Sodium and Potassium values were found to be almost in the same range.
Range of potassium varied between (0.33 – 0.38)%. In this study Nitrogen level
varied between (0.47 – 0.54)%. Most of the nitrogen is available in form of
nitrates, nitrites, NH4+ and organic nitrogen. The Phosphorous content ranged
between (0.11 – 0.16)%. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) varied between (20.8
– 30.1) meq/100 gm. Ranges of Magnesium and Sulphur were varied between
(0.18 – 0.23)% and (0.31 – 0.41)%. Organic Matter in the soils was observed
between (1.7 – 2.2)%.
The soil samples collected from the project site and the surrounding area reveals
that the soil is sandy clay loam having high water holding capacity (34.7 –
37.5)%, high porosity (33.4 – 34.7)% and rich in minerals and organic matter
having pH (7.4 – 8.1) which will favour plant growth. Salt content (EC : 416 –
479 µmhocm-1), Calcium (0.25 – 0.35%), Potassium (0.33 – 0.38%); Nitrogen
(0.47 – 0.54%), Phosphors (0.11 – 0.16); Copper (6.1 – 7.9) ppm, Chromium (6.8
– 9.4) ppm, Zinc (6.5 – 8.6) ppm, Organic matter, high percentage of clay content
will provide the nutrient and water for most of the land vegetation and are helpful
for producing food from agriculture, plant etc. Also, it is a home for beneficial
organism, worms etc. which, in turn, help for plant growth. These nutrients and
soil structure will positively increase the sustainability of top soil and as such, no
impact from the local industries has been observed.
3.7.2.3 Fertility Status of Soil

The observed level of pH (7.4 – 8.1) is not expected to hinder the growth of
agricultural crops. Soils were observed to possess appreciable level of
potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorous which indicate moderate to good fertility
or agricultural potential of the soils. The levels of other elements were
appreciably good. Thus, the overall fertility status of the soils within the study
area is reasonably good and is not expected to be detrimental to the growth of
agricultural and forest crops.

The prevailing edaphic, hydrological and climatological conditions favour

production of paddy and quite a good number of other crops. The prime
agricultural crop paddy is grown during both of the kharif and rabi seasons.
TABLE-3.7.1
CODE NO. & NAME OF LOCATIONS
Sample code Location Name
SQ-1 Mahana
SQ-2 Gobindpur
SQ-3 Papraur
SQ-4 Maharatpur
TABLE-3.7.2
RESULTS OF SOIL QUALITY MONITORING IN THE STUDY AREA
PARAMETERS AND
S.N. SAMPLING LOCATIONS
UNIT
SQ-1 SQ-2 SQ-3 SQ-4
PHYSICAL CHARACTERESTICS
1 COLOUR Brown Brown Brown Brown
2 TEXTURE
a) Sand 13 16 10 12
b) Silt 30 38 32 35
c) Clay 57 46 58 53
BULK DENSITY
3 1.07 1.04 1.14 1.1
(g/cm3)
4 POROSITY (%) 34.7 33.4 34.3 33.7
WATER HOLDING
5 36.2 37.5 34.7 36.0
CAPACITY (%)
CHEMICAL CHARACTERESTICS
1 pH 7.8 7.4 7.7 8.1
2 EC (µmhos/cm) 416 479 429 470
3 CALCIUM (%) 0.35 0.28 0.25 0.32
4 MAGNESIUM (%) 0.19 0.23 0.18 0.21
5 SODIUM (%) 0.29 0.22 0.33 0.4
6 POTASSIUM (%) 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.34
7 SULPHUR (%) 0.34 0.32 0.41 0.31
8 NITROGEN (%) 0.48 0.54 0.47 0.49
9 PHOSPHORUS (%) 0.16 0.14 0.11 0.15
10 CEC ( meq/100 g) 26.4 21.2 30.1 20.8
ORGANIC MATTER
11 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.2
(%)
12 COPPER (mg/Kg) 6.1 6.9 7.9 6.5
13 CHROMIUM (mg/Kg) 7.3 6.8 7.6 9.4
14 ZINC (mg/Kg) 6.8 8.1 6.5 8.6
15 LEAD (mg/Kg) 3.6 4.2 5.1 4.3

3.8 METEOROLOGY
3.8.1 SEASONS
The climate of the project area is humid and tropical. It is characterised by a hot
and dry summer from March to May, a south-west monsoon or rainy season from
June to September, a pleasant post-monsoon or retreating monsoon from
October to November and a cool winter from December to February. Therefore,
climatologically, four seasons viz. summer (pre-monsoon), monsoon, post-
monsoon and winter could be deciphered comprising the following months:
Summer : March, April, May

Monsoon : June, July, August, and September
Post-monsoon : October, November
Winter : December, January, and February
3.8.2 ON-SITE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS

Air Pollutants upon discharge to atmosphere pass through a number of
mechanisms, which include diffusion and transportation leading to dispersion.
These mechanisms are governed by the local atmospheric conditions. All these
result in the necessity to collect the meteorological parameters like ambient
temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and other weather conditions (relative
humidity, atmospheric pressure etc.), which will be ultimately used for the
prediction of the ground level concentrations of the air pollutants through
mathematical modelling.
For this purpose as also to corroborate and supplement the long term
meteorological data availed from IMD, a sophisticated on-site meteorological
observatory was established close to the project site and operated continuously
for the monitoring period of February, 2018 – April, 2018.
The observatory was located about 10 m above the ground level and ensured to
be free from any obstruction to wind. Besides, this location was found to be most
suitable one being close to the project site. The summary of the on-site data
generated in respect of the above parameters for the period mentioned above
are presented in Table-3.8.1. The Wind rose diagram for the entire period is
shown in Figures-3.8.1.
3.8.3 RESULTS OF ON-SITE METEOROLOGICAL DATA

3.8.3.1 Temperature
The monthly maximum and minimum temperatures recorded on-site during the
aforesaid monitoring period (February, 2018 – April, 2018) varied between (29.5

– 36.5)°C and (8.5 – 17.5)°C respectively with overall maximum and minimum
temperatures being 36.5°C and 8.5°C respectively (Table-3.8.1).
3.8.3.2 Relative Humidity

The monthly maximum and minimum relative humidity recorded on-site during
the said monitoring period varied between (59 – 67)% and (39 – 59)%
respectively, the overall maximum and minimum being 67% and 39%
respectively (Table 3.8.1).
3.8.3.3 Atmospheric Pressure

The overall maximum and minimum atmospheric pressures recorded on-site
during the said monitoring period were 757.6 mmHg and 751.5 mmHg
respectively (Table 3.8.1).
3.8.3.4 Wind Speed and Direction

The maximum wind speed 4.9 Km/hr was in the month of April while the overall
mean wind speed during the whole monitoring period was 3.76 Km/hr (Table
3.8.1). The predominant wind direction is west.
TABLE-3.8.1
ON-SITE METEOROLOGICAL DATA
(February, 2018 - April, 2018)
Temperature Relative Barometric
Average
(°C) Humidity (%) Pressure(mm Hg)
Month Velocity
08:30 17:30 08:30 17:30
Max. Min. (Km/hr)
hrs. hrs. hrs. hrs.
February, 2018 29.5 8.5 67 59 757.6 753.7 3.0
March, 2018 34.5 13.5 66 39 756.4 751.5 3.38
April, 2018 36.5 17.5 59 47 754.7 751.9 4.9

OVERALL 36.5 8.5 67 39 757.6 751.5 3.76


3.9 AIR QUALITY

3.9.1 SELECTION OF MONITORING STATIONS
The sources of air pollution in the region are industrial emissions, vehicular traffic,
dust arising from unpaved village roads and domestic fuel burning. The prime
objective of the baseline air quality study was to establish the existing ambient air
quality of the area. This will be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of
the ambient air quality during the operation of the proposed plant.
The monitoring locations for establishing the baseline status of ambient air quality
has been identified on the basis of the following considerations:
1. Meteorological conditions
2. Topography of the study area
3. Category of the area like habitat, forest etc.
4. Representative of likely affected area
Further, due consideration were also given to the likely affected zones during
construction and operation of the plant. The location of human habitation and
other sensitive areas within the study area were also considered in selection of
ambient air quality monitoring locations.
Eight (8) numbers of monitoring stations were set up to assess the existing air
quality of the study area. One station was located at the proposed project site
and the seven others, outside the proposed project site. The locations of the
monitoring stations were based on the frequent wind directions in order to site
the stations as close as feasible to the anticipated maximum pollutant deposition
areas, moreover, duly considering human habitation and proximity to sensitive
zones within the study area. Logistic considerations as ready accessibility,
security, availability of reliable power supply etc. were examined while finalizing
the monitoring locations.
The Ambient Air Quality Monitoring locations have been presented in Figure-
3.9.1. The relative direction and distance of these locations with respect to the
project site have been tabulated in Table-3.9.1.
3.9.2 PARAMETERS & FREQUENCY OF MONITORING

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring has been conducted for the period (February,
2018 - April, 2018) at a frequency of twice a week at each station adopting a
continuous 24 hours schedule in respect of the following parameters:
- Particulate Matter-10 (PM10)

- Particulate Matter-2.5 (PM2.5)

- Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
- Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Carbon Monoxide (CO) monitoring has been conducted for the same period at a
frequency of twice a week at each station adopting a continuous 8 hours
schedule.
The equipment was placed at a height of 3.0 to 4.5 metres above ground level at
each monitoring station, thus negating the effects of windblown ground dust. The
equipment was placed at open space free from trees and other obstruction which
otherwise act as a sink of pollutants resulting in lower levels in monitoring results.
At locations close to highways, the equipment was placed at least 100 m away
from such highways/roads to avoid influence of traffic exhaust emissions.
3.9.3 RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

Statistical analysis (minimum, maximum, arithmetic mean and 98 percentile
values) of the ambient air quality in the study area for the entire three months
monitoring period are shown in Table-3.9.2. The results of such analysis are
pictorially presented from Figure-3.9.2 to Figure-3.9.8.
The following implications can be made on the basis of the obtained results:
3.9.3.1 Particulate Matter-10 (PM10)

Arithmetic Mean of the 24-hourly average values of PM10 varied station-wise
between 68.7 g/m3 (at Mahana) to 80.0 g/m3 (at Papraur) with overall mean of
all 8 stations being 73.5 g/m3. Arithmetic Mean of the 24-hourly average values
of PM10 at all locations is under the limit of (100 µg/m3) National Ambient Air
Quality Standards, 2009.
3.9.3.2 Particulate Matter - 2.5 (PM2.5)

Arithmetic Mean of the 24-hourly average values of PM2.5 varied station-wise
between 28.1 g/m3 (at Mahana) to 33.9 g/m3 (at Papraur) with overall mean of
all 8 stations being 30.5 g/m3. Arithmetic Mean of the 24-hourly average values
of PM2.5 at all locations is under the limit of (60 µg/m3) National Ambient Air
3.9.3.3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

Arithmetic mean of 24-hourly average values of SO2 varied station wise between
9.0 g/m3 (at Binodpur) to 15.4 g/m3 (at Papraur) with overall mean of all 8
stations being 12.9 g/m3. Arithmetic Mean of the 24-hourly average values of

SO2 at all locations is under the limit of (80 µg/m3) National Ambient Air Quality
Standards, 2009.
3.9.3.4 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

The overall arithmetic mean of 24-hourly average values of NO2 over the entire
study area was 22.9 g/m3 while individual arithmetic mean levels computed at 8
stations ranged between 20.6 g/m3 (at Binodpur) to 26.6 g/m3 (at Papraur).
Arithmetic Mean of the 24-hourly average values of NO2 at all locations is under
the limit of (80 µg/m3) National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2009.
3.9.3.5 Carbon Monoxide (CO)

The overall arithmetic mean of 8-hourly average values of CO over the entire
study area was 0.747 mg/m3 while individual arithmetic mean levels computed at
all 8 stations ranged between 0.667 mg/m3 (at Binodpur) and 0.829 mg/m3 (at
Bihat). Arithmetic Mean of the 8-hourly average values of CO at all locations is
within the permissible limit of 2.0 mg/m3, as stipulated in National Ambient Air
Conclusion
The values of all the pollutants at the respective locations were within the
acceptable ranges on all the occasions.
TABLE-3.9.2
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS RESULTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS
(Period: February, 2018 – April, 2018)
Statistical Analysis of Pollutants
Pollutants Locations MES Min Max A.M. P - 98
Refinery Complex 25 62 95 74.4 93.6
Mahana 25 59 81 68.7 80.6
Refinery Township 25 58 88 73.6 86.6
Gobindpur 25 65 93 77.0 91.6
PM10
Binodpur 25 60 83 70.9 82.5
(µg/m3)
Papraur 25 66 97 80.0 96.5
Bihat 25 58 83 70.1 82.5
Maharatpur 25 64 94 73.5 89.7
Overall 200 58 97 73.5 96.1
Mahana 25 22 35 28.1 35.1
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
Gobindpur 25 25 41 31.8 40.1
Binodpur 25 22 37 28.9 35.9

Statistical Analysis of Pollutants

Pollutants Locations MES Min Max A.M. P - 98
Papraur 25 26 44 33.9 43.0
Bihat 25 20 37 29.2 37.1
Maharatpur 25 26 43 31.1 40.6
Overall 200 20.3 43.7 30.5 42.8
Mahana 25 9 17 11.0 15.6
Gobindpur 25 10 19 14.2 19.0
SO2
Binodpur 25 7 13 9.0 12.5
(µg/m3)
Papraur 25 13 21 15.4 19.6
Bihat 25 10 15 12.6 15.0
Maharatpur 25 13 20 15.3 19.0
Overall 200 7 22 12.9 21.2
Mahana 25 17 32 23.3 30.6
Gobindpur 25 17 32 22.4 31.0
NO2
Binodpur 25 14 32 20.6 29.1
(µg/m3)
Papraur 25 18 36 26.6 35.5
Bihat 25 14 30 21.8 28.6
Maharatpur 25 15 31 22.1 30.5
Overall 200 14 36 22.9 34.9

TABLE-3.9.2 (Continued)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS RESULTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS
(Period: February, 2018 – April, 2018)
Pollutants Locations MES Min Max A.M. P-98
Refinery Complex 75 0.404 1.245 0.674 1.205
Mahana 75 0.436 1.329 0.681 1.271
Refinery Township 75 0.531 1.661 0.802 1.571
Gobindpur 75 0.427 1.772 0.828 1.713
CO
Binodpur 75 0.404 1.321 0.667 0.971
(mg/m3) Papraur 75 0.503 1.346 0.764 1.194
Bihat 75 0.425 1.567 0.829 1.342
Maharatpur 75 0.360 1.072 0.732 1.053
Overall 600 0.360 1.772 0.747 1.693
N.B.: MES - No. of measurements, MIN - Minimum, MAX - Maximum,
A.M. - Arithmetic Mean, P-98 - 98 percentile.

FIGURE-3.9.2: PM10 FIGURE 3.9.3: PM2.5
FIGURE 3.9.4: SO2 FIGURE 3.9.5: NO2
FIGURE-3.9.6: CO

3.10 WATER ENVIRONMENT

WATER BODIES IN THE STUDY AREA
The main surface water body in the study area is the river Ganga. This river is
mainly perennial in nature, which means it has sufficient water to flow all around
the year. Besides, a number of confined water bodies, viz. tanks, ponds, jheels,
roadside burrows etc. which form a part of surface hydrological system, exist
within the study area. As the River Ganga is the main drainage channel of the
region, this river receives pollution loads of industrial and domestic waste water
and also agricultural run-off. Ground water sources are mainly bore wells, tube
wells and dug wells which are scattered in the whole study area.
It would be important to note that there is no waste water discharge from Barauni
Refinery into any surface water body, which will continue with the future project
also.
PRESENT WATER USE

The water demand of the area can be broadly classified into domestic,
agricultural and industrial. All these demands are met from both surface and
ground water sources.
WATER SAMPLING
As surface water, water samples were collected and analyzed from total ten (10)
locations, including two (2) different locations from the River Ganga and from
eight (8) different ponds of different locations and as ground water, water
samples were collected and analyzed from total nine (9) locations including one
(1) location from bore well and rest of eight (8) different locations from tube wells
to assess the baseline status of the whole water quality in the study area.
All the samples were analyzed with respect to physical, chemical and biological
parameters including toxic organics and metals, adopting standard methods. The
locations of the sampling points for both surface and ground water are tabulated
in Table-3.10.1.
3.10.1 SURFACE WATER QUALITY

Surface Water samples were collected from two (2) different locations (SW1 &
SW2) for the River Ganga and eight (8) different locations for ponds (SW3 to
SW10) to analyze and assess the surface water quality of the study area.
Sampling and analysis of surface water were carried out following the analysis
techniques and methodology described in relevant Indian Standards, the

guidelines of the concerned body, American Water Works Association (AWWA)

etc.
RESULTS OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY MONITORING:

Results of Water Quality of the river Ganga:
The water quality monitoring results of two (2) water samples (Upstream-SW1 &
Downstream-SW2) from the River Ganga have been compiled in Table-3.10.2.
The pH values of the collected two water samples (SW1 & SW2) from the River
Kangsabati were found 7.4 and 7.5. Values of Dissolved Oxygen were observed
(7.1 & 7.2) mg/lit. Total Dissolved Solids were found (180 & 186) mg/lit while
values of total Hardness were found (170 & 178) mg/lit. Calcium & Magnesium
were found (45 & 53) mg/lit and (14 & 11) mg/lit respectively. Oil and grease was
below detection limit (<1.4 mg/lit) in these two samples. Sulphate, Nitrate and
Chloride were observed (8 & 11) mg/lit, (2.8 & 1.3) mg/lit and (31 & 32) mg/lit
respectively. Iron contents were found (0.17 & 0.18) mg/lit and zinc contents were
found (<0.05) mg/lit in both samples.
Heavy metals like copper, lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium in these two (2)
river water samples (SW1 & SW2) were below their respective detection limits.
Results of Pond Water Quality:

The water quality monitoring results of eight (8) pond water samples (SW3 to
SW10) have been compiled in Table-3.10.2.
The pH values of the collected pond water samples were found in the range of
(6.8 – 7.8). Dissolved Oxygen was observed in the ranges of (6.1 – 6.8) mg/lit.
Total Dissolved Solids were found in the ranges of (279 – 430) mg/lit while Total
Hardness was found in the ranges of (176 – 302) mg/lit. Calcium & Magnesium
were found varying in the ranges of (47 – 78) mg/lit and (10 – 29) mg/lit
respectively. Oil and grease was below detection limit (<1.4 mg/lit) in these
samples. Sulphate, Nitrate and Chloride were observed varying in the ranges of
(12 – 62) mg/lit, (5.1 – 8.1) mg/lit and (48 – 107) mg/lit respectively. Values of
Iron and zinc contents were found in the ranges of (0.22 – 0.52) and (<0.05)
mg/lit respectively.
Heavy metals like copper, lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium of these pond
water samples (SW3 to SW10) were below their respective detection limits.

Conclusion:
The physico-chemical characteristics of both the river water samples were found
to be similar in nature except the total coliform in which downstream water
showed a higher value, which may be due to urban discharge.
As per CPCB norms of classification of surface water, both the pond & river water
quality falls under the cover of “C” which indicate that both sources of water are fit
for drinking purposes after Conventional treatment and disinfection.
3.10.2 GROUND WATER QUALITY

Nine (9) Ground Water samples were collected in which one (1) sample (GW1)
was collected from bore well and rest of eight (8) samples (GW2, GW3, GW4,
GW5, GW6, GW7, GW8 & GW9) were collected from tube wells of eight (8)
different locations to assess the baseline status of ground water quality of the
surrounding 10 km radius study area.
Sampling and analysis of ground water were carried out following the analysis
techniques and methodology described in relevant Indian Standards, the
guidelines of the concerned body, American Water Works Association (AWWA)
etc. The ground water quality monitoring results have been tabulated in Table-
3.10.3.
RESULTS OF GROUND WATER QUALITY MONITORING:

The pH values of collected ground water samples were found in the range of (7.1
– 7.9). Values of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were found in the ranges of (409 –
653) mg/lit while Total Hardness were found in the ranges of (220 – 394) mg/lit.
Calcium and Magnesium were found varying in the ranges of (60 – 82) mg/lit and
(14 – 46) mg/lit respectively. Sulphate, Nitrate and Chloride were observed in the
ranges of (36 – 97) mg/lit, (22.1 – 78.2) mg/lit and (85 – 148) mg/lit respectively.
Iron contents were found in the ranges of (0.19 – 0.28) mg/lit and zinc contents
were found below detection limit (<0.05) mg/lit. in all ground water samples.
Alkalinity was found in the ranges of (215 – 342) mg/lit.
Other heavy metals like copper, Chromium, Cadmium, arsenic and lead were
below their respective detection limits.
Conclusion:
Ground water physico-chemical properties in the study area showed that the
water Starta mainly from Carbonate – Bicarbonate buffer system have
appreciable amount of alkalinity, calcium & Magnesium which are beneficial for
human health. The other parameters are comparable and fit for direct human

consumption except Iron content which is only aesthetic value and the water
quality of this area are as per BIS-10500 drinking water norms.
TABLE-3.10.1
Water Quality Monitoring Locations in the study area
Sample Code Locations
Surface Water:
SW1 Ganga River (Near Amarpur)
SW2 Ganga River (Near Simaria)
SW3 Bihat (Pond)
SW4 Noorpur (Pond)
SW5 Garhara (Pond)
SW6 Maida Bhavanmama (Pond)
SW7 Bagwara (Pond)
SW8 Singhaul (Pond)
SW9 Begusarai F2 Shiv Mandir (Pond)
SW10 Ramdiri (Pond)
Ground Water:
GW1 Near Project Site ( Borewell water)
GW2 Mahana (Tubewell water)
GW3 Refinery Township (Tubewell water)
GW4 Gobindpur (Tubewell water)
GW5 Binodpur (Tubewell water)
GW6 Papraur (Tubewell water)
GW7 Bihat (Tubewell water)
GW8 Maharatpur (Tubewell water)
GW9 Noorpur (Tubewell water)

TABLE-3.10.2
Surface Water Quality
Sl. SAMPLE CODES
Parameters Unit
No. SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5
1 Colour Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless
2 Odour Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj.
3 pH 7.4 7.5 6.8 7.6 7.1
4 Conductivity µmhos/cm 322 327 637 515 775
5 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 7.1 7.2 6.4 6.8 6.5
Biochemical Oxygen
6 mg/L 4 5 6 8 7
Demand
MPN/100m
7 Total Coliforms 3902 2941 959 1664 1112
l
8 Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 180 186 357 290 430
9 Oil & Grease mg/L <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4
10 Cyanide ( as CN ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
11 Phenol ( as C6H5OH ) mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Total Hardness ( as
12 mg/L 170 178 294 204 302
CaCO3 )
13 Chloride ( as Cl ) mg/L 31 32 80 52 91
14 Sulphate ( as SO4 ) mg/L 8 11 19 15 28
15 Nitrate ( as NO3 ) mg/L 2.8 1.3 8.1 6.6 7.1
16 Fluoride ( as F ) mg/L 0.63 0.72 0.67 0.85 0.87
17 Calcium ( as Ca ) mg/L 45 53 70 47 78
18 Magnessium ( as Mg ) mg/L 14 11 29 21 26
19 Copper ( as Cu ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
20 Iron ( as Fe ) mg/L 0.17 0.18 0.22 0.34 0.42
21 Manganese ( as Mn ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
22 Zinc ( as Zn ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
23 Boron ( as B ) mg/L <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
24 Arsenic ( as As ) mg/L <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
25 Mercury ( as Hg ) mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
26 Lead ( as Pb ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
27 Cadmium ( as Cd ) mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Hexavalent Chromium (
28 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
as Cr+6 )
29 Total Alkalinity mg/L 119 118 225 187 281
Unobj. – Unobjectional
CODE LOCATION NAME

SW1 Ganga River (Near Amarpur)
SW2 Ganga River (Near Simaria)
SW3 Bihat (Pond)
SW4 Noorpur (Pond)
SW5 Garhara (Pond)

Surface Water Quality
Sl. SAMPLE CODES
Parameters Unit
No. SW6 SW7 SW8 SW9 SW10
3 pH 7.4 7.8 7.5 7.2 7.6
4 Conductivity µmhos/cm 498 601 534 735 526
5 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 6.1 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.1
Biochemical Oxygen
6 mg/L 8 5 7 6 9
Demand
MPN/100m
7 Total Coliforms 1234 930 839 1295 995
l
9 Oil & Grease mg/L <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4
10 Cyanide ( as CN ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
11 Phenol ( as C6H5OH ) mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Total Hardness ( as
12 mg/L 196 186 191 238 176
CaCO3 )
15 Nitrate ( as NO3 ) mg/L 5.8 5.6 7.7 6.3 5.1
16 Fluoride ( as F ) mg/L 0.61 0.77 1.10 0.97 0.52
17 Calcium ( as Ca ) mg/L 52 58 55 69 54
18 Magnessium (as Mg) mg/L 16 10 13 16 10
19 Copper ( as Cu ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
20 Iron ( as Fe ) mg/L 0.38 0.22 0.4 0.52 0.38
21 Manganese (as Mn) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
22 Zinc ( as Zn ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
23 Boron ( as B ) mg/L <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
24 Arsenic ( as As ) mg/L <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
25 Mercury ( as Hg ) mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
26 Lead ( as Pb ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
27 Cadmium ( as Cd ) mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Hexavalent Chromium
28 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
(as Cr+6)
29 Total Alkalinity mg/L 177 204 163 232 140
CODE LOCATION NAME

SW6 Maida Bhavanmama (Pond)
SW7 Bagwara (Pond)
SW8 Singhaul (Pond)
SW9 Begusarai F2 Shiv Mandir (Pond)
SW10 Ramdiri (Pond)

TABLE-3.10.3
Ground Water Quality
Sl. SAMPLE CODE
Parameter Unit
No. GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5
3 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
4 Turbidity NTU 4 3 2 4 3
5 pH 7.1 7.9 7.6 7.7 7.5
6 Conductivity µs/L 790 1145 781 840 744
Total Hardness ( as
7 mg/L 252 394 234 295 240
CaCO3 )
8 Iron ( as Fe ) mg/L 0.21 0.19 0.27 0.23 0.22
Residual Free
10 mg/L nil nil nil nil nil
Chlorine
11 Fluoride ( as F ) mg/L 0.59 0.61 0.71 0.66 0.66
13 Calcium ( as Ca ) mg/L 68 82 64 72 73
14 Magnessium ( as Mg ) mg/L 20 46 18 28 14
15 Copper ( as Cu ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
16 Manganese (as Mn ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
18 Nitrate ( as NO3 ) mg/L 45.2 78.2 25.8 33.1 22.1
Phenol Compounds (
19 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
as C6H5OH )
20 Mercury ( as Hg ) mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
21 Cadmium ( as Cd ) mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
22 Arsenic ( as As ) mg/L <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
23 Cyanide ( as CN ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
24 Lead ( as Pb ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
25 Zinc ( as Zn ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Hexavalent Chromium
26 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
(as Cr+6 )
27 Alkalinity ( as CaCO3 ) mg/L 260 330 262 245 215
28 Boron ( as B ) mg/L <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
29 Total Coliforms MPN/100 absent absent absent absent absent
CODE LOCATION NAME

GW1 Near Project Site ( Borewell water)
GW2 Mahana (Tubewell water)
GW3 Refinery Township (Tubewell water)
GW4 Gobindpur (Tubewell water)
GW5 Binodpur (Tubewell water)

Ground Water Quality
Sl. Parameter Unit SAMPLE CODE
No. GW6 GW7 GW8 GW9
1 Colour Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless
2 Odour Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj.
3 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
4 Turbidity NTU 3 5 2 3
5 pH 7.8 7.3 7.6 7.7
6 Conductivity µs/L 1046 776 940 836
7 Total Hardness ( as CaCO3 ) mg/L 362 220 274 238
8 Iron ( as Fe ) mg/L 0.28 0.2 0.19 0.23
9 Chloride ( as Cl ) mg/L 148 85 136 103
10 Residual Free Chlorine mg/L nil nil nil nil
11 Fluoride ( as F ) mg/L 0.7 0.56 0.69 0.76
12 Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 586 440 545 468
13 Calcium ( as Ca ) mg/L 79 60 80 69
14 Magnessium ( as Mg ) mg/L 40 17 18 16
15 Copper ( as Cu ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
16 Manganese (as Mn ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
17 Sulphate ( as SO4 ) mg/L 70 76 50 48
18 Nitrate ( as NO3 ) mg/L 42.2 47.8 38.9 34
Phenol Compounds ( as
19 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
C6H5OH )
20 Mercury ( as Hg ) mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
21 Cadmium ( as Cd ) mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
22 Arsenic ( as As ) mg/L <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
23 Cyanide ( as CN ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
24 Lead ( as Pb ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
25 Zinc ( as Zn ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Hexavalent Chromium (as
26 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Cr+6 )
27 Alkalinity ( as CaCO3 ) mg/L 323 219 342 305
28 Boron ( as B ) mg/L <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
29 Total Coliforms MPN/100 absent absent absent absent
CODE LOCATION NAME

GW6 Papraur (Tubewell water)
GW7 Bihat (Tubewell water)
GW8 Maharatpur (Tubewell water)
GW9 Noorpur (Tubewell water)

3.11 NOISE
The word noise is derived from the Latin term “Nausea”. It has been defined as
unwanted sound, a potential hazard to health and communication dumped into
the environment with regard to the adverse effect it may have on unwilling ears
and it causes irritation and discomfort. Sources of noise are many, but it is
always higher in urban and industrial areas than the rural one. Industries expose
their workers to high noise load for long period of work every day.
3.11.1 MAJOR SOURCES OF NOISE IN THE STUDY AREA

Sources of noise are numerous but may be broadly classified into two classes
such as:
1. Industrial, 2. Non-Industrial
1. Industrial
The industrial may include noises from various industries operating in cities and
transportation, vehicular movements such as car, motor, truck, train, tempo, motor
cycle, aircrafts, rockets, defense equipment, explosions etc.
The disturbing qualities of noise emitted by industrial premises are generally its
loudness, its distinguishing features such as tonal or impulsive components, and
its intermittency and duration.
2. Non-Industrial
Among the non-industrial sources, important ones are as follows:
(i) Use of loudspeaker is one of the very common man made source of noise
pollution.
(ii) Demolition of old sites and construction of new buildings produce a lot of
noise.
(iii) A great role for the increase of noise pollution has been carried out by
various types of road vehicles especially by auto vehicle.
(iv) Noise pollution by trains has been reported to the maximum in those areas
where railways track pass through residential areas.
(v) The use of aircrafts of many types has been generating various types of
noises.
(vi) TV, Radios and Microphones can cause noise pollution if they are
switched on with high volumes.
(vii) Tractors, thrashers, harvesters, tube wells, powered tillers etc., have all
made agriculture highly mechanical but at the same time highly noisy.
3.11.2 AMBIENT NOISE MONITORING

In the present study, a sound level meter has measured sound pressure levels.
Since loudness of sound is important for its effects on people, the dependence of

loudness on frequency must be taken into account in environmental noise

assessment. This has been achieved by using A-weighting filters in the noise
measuring instrument which gives a direct reading of approximate loudness.
Moreover, A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level (Leq) values
have been computed from the values of A-weighted sound pressure level (SPL)
measured with the help of a noise meter.
At each location, readings were taken at uniform interval over a twenty-four hours
period, divided into day and night shifts. For a particular location daytime Leq has
been computed from the SPL values measured between 6.00 A.M to 10.00 P.M
and night time Leq from the SPL values measured between 10.01 P.M to 5.59
A.M, such that comparison could be made with the National Ambient Noise
Standards.
3.11.3 NOISE LEVELS IN THE STUDY AREA

A total of Ten (10) locations within an area of 10 km radius around the project
site have been selected for measurement of ambient noise levels, covering
commercial, residential areas as well as sensitive zones. Monitoring was done,
covering both day and night time. Noise levels in Leq at the respective locations
separately for Day and Night time have been presented in Table-3.11.1.
During the day time, the equivalent noise levels were found to vary in the ranges
of (55.1 – 68.4) dB (A) while in the night time, the equivalent noise levels were
observed to be varying in the ranges of (45.1 – 58.7) dB (A). In the daytime, the
highest value of equivalent noise level pressure was found to be 68.4 dB (A) near
BTPS, while the lowest value was found to be 55.1 dB (A) near Refinery
Hospital. In the night-time, the highest value of equivalent noise level was found
to be 58.7 dB(A) near HFC, while the lowest value was found to be 45.1 dB(A)
near Refinery Hospital. As usual, the day time noise levels were found to be
higher than those observed at night level.

TABLE – 3.11.1
Equivalent Noise Level in the Study Area, Leq in dB(A)
EQUIVALENT NOISE
SL. CODE LEVEL
NAME OF LOCATIONS
NO. NO. Leq in dB(A)
DAY NIGHT
1 N1 Near Refinery Main Gate 66.4 55.9
2 N2 Near HFC 67.6 58.7
3 N3 Near BTPS 68.4 56.6
4 N4 Gobindpur Village 56.7 48.9
5 N5 Bihat Village 55.9 47.2
6 N6 Papraur Village 59.6 49.2
7 N7 Begusarai Market 65.3 51.1
8 N8 Type 3A Market 66.1 50.5
9 N9 Near Refinery Hospital 55.1 45.1
10 N10 D.A.V Public School HFC 60.3 46.4
N.B.: Day time is reckoned between 0600 HOURS TO 2200 HOURS.
Night Time is reckoned between 2200 HOURS TO 0600 HOURS.

3.12 ECOLOGY
3.12.1 INTRODUCTION
Ecology is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and
their environment. The concept of ecology has been increasingly used as
conceptual focus for conservation policy and to measure species extinction and
ecosystem loss in response to natural and human induced selection pressures.
Natural flora and fauna is an integral component of Eco-system and is a good
indicator of Environmental quality of the habitat. Different communities present in
it show different degree of responses and sensitiveness to physical (biotic)
influences. Therefore, any environmental analysis where integration of ecological
thoughts into planning process is required, the analysis of biological status of the
area is very important to project possible deterioration in natural environment on
account of Industrial development in the area and designing suitable
management corrective action plan.
An understanding of biodiversity of an area is very significant for environmental

impact assessment related to any project. Natural Flora and Fauna are key
features of an environment since they form of distinctive community having
mutual dependences among their 3 types of Bio-diversity, i.e., genetic diversity,
species diversity and ecological diversity and so diverse degree of respond and
sensitivities to physical influences:
a) Genetic Diversity: It is the variation of genes within the species.

b) Species Diversity: This refers to the variety of species within a
particular region.
c) Ecological Diversity: This is the number of species in a community of
organisms.
3.12.2 BIOLOGICAL ASPECT

The study on biological aspect is important for Environmental Impact
Assessment in view of conservation of environmental quality and safety of
natural flora and fauna. A biological community being dependant on the condition
and resources of its location may change if there is a little change in the
ecosystem. Such a community change is a reflection of changes in the plant and
animal population that comprises of the community because of the complex
interrelationships of a changing condition of resources that causes one or more
of the population to change may cause many populations to change and be
replaced by others. Since the environment of organisms are able to inhabit that
location, the inhabitants should be biological induces of environmental changes.
In addition to the field study, literature review/desk research was carried out to
determine the existing conditions within the study area and to identify habitats
and species of potential importance that may be affected by the Project.

The following parameters were primarily considered in the study:

 To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the
project site within the 10 km radius study area;
 To assess the biodiversity of natural system present in the study area;
 Identification of important plants/animal species having diverse economic
values;
 Identification of rare endangered plants and animal species (if any);
 Collection of data from literature about the floral and faunal accounts.
There is no natural forest in the area, however there are plantations developed
by the forest department along road sides. Also there are self-growing plants,
vegetation and grasses. The bio-diversity of the self-growing and unprotected
plant species would indicate environmental quality and hence were surveyed
intensively.
A survey conducted to assess the impact of pollution because of industrial/urban

activities on the terrestrial fauna reveals that there is hardly any adverse effect
of the pollution on the terrestrial fauna.
3.12.3 CULTIVATED TREES

In addition to the study conducted on self-growing and unprotected plants and
vegetation, detailed studies were conducted on cultivated trees and agricultural
crops to assess the extent of impact, if any, caused by industrial activities.
Considering the economic value, species of Mango, Lichi, Banana, Guava,
Lemon, Bamboo, Shisham, Palm and Jackfruit were selected for this study. List
of fruit trees and other cultivated trees are given in Table-3.12.1.
3.12.4 AGRICULTURAL CROPS

The land in the study area is well suited for different types of crops. In Kharif
maize, jawar, paddy are the main crops and pulses are grown at few pockets
of the study area. In Rabi wheat, maize, oilseeds such as mustard, castor oil
are cultivated. Besides these main crops different types of vegetables are
grown. The main agricultural crops and vegetable in the study are given in
Table-3.12.2.

3.12.5 ECOLOGY OF RIVER GANGA

3.12.5.1 Study Conducted
The biological organisms are the best indicators of environmental quality.
Ecology of a stream includes different biological species, such as plankton
(both phyto and zoo), benthic organisms and fishes. The aquatic organism
may often serve as better indicators for subtle effects of pollution in the water
body and also may provide early warning. The abundance or absence of
certain organisms thus often serves as the indicator of a healthy or polluted
aquatic environment. The nature and quality of such biological species in a
particular environment depend on various physico-chemical characteristics of
water such as pH, conductivity, nutrients, BOD etc.
The total number of species recorded at each station during summer season
are given in Table- 3.12.3.
3.12.5.2 Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton is the primary producer of an ecosystem and thus helps
maintain DO of a water body. Any reduction in number of phytoplankton
would ultimately affect the whole ecosystem. Since the phytoplanktons are at
the mercy of river current, this may not indicate exact nature of water.
However, the BR effluent itself contains considerable number of
phytoplanktons that develop in the guard pond and it clearly indicates the
healthy nature of effluent.
3.12.5.3 Zooplankton
Zooplankton in this reach mainly consists of rotifers, cladocera, copepodes
and ostracods. Rotifers were found to be the most dominant zooplankton. The
diversity index was recorded as 34 and 40 respectively.
3.12.5.4 Fish Fauna

Fish fauna was collected and surveyed at the fish landing centre in and
around Barauni Area. List of fish observed are depicted in Table– 3.12.4. It
was observed that the maximum number was that of cat fish, which feed upon
the carcasses and dead bodies.
3.12.5.5 Bio-Productivity of River Ganga

Several hydro-biological factors such as cloudy weather, current velocity,
turbidity, intensity of light penetration, density of phytoplankton have
significant effect on productivity. The incidence of long hours of sunshine and
the higher temperature of the tropics favour the conversion of solar energy
into organic matter. The primary productivity is thus the basis of whole
metabolic cycle in aquatic ecosystems.

The primary productivity was estimated on the basis of dissolved oxygen

produced within the stipulated time, following Light and Dark bottle methods
suggested by Garder and Gran (1927).
The observed phytoplankton bio-diversity index during summer season gives

an indication of healthy water. The BR effluent itself contains considerable
number of phytoplanktons, which clearly indicate the healthy nature of
effluent.
Sampling Techniques
Vegetation sampling is usually done either by transect or by quadrat method.
Transect Method
In the transect method, the sampling plot or plots are transected by lines (line
transect) or by belts (belt transect). Lines are drawn in the plot and sampling
taken along these lines.
Quadrat Method
Ecosystems may cover very large areas and it is not always possible to study
them entirely. Therefore, small sampling units or areas, called quardrats, are
chosen for study. A quadrat is square or rectangular according to its
usefulness and convenience. The size of the quadrat varies with the type of
organism, to be studied.
For small plants like lichens, mosses and liverworts, or animals like
earthworms distributed in patches, small quadrats of area 25X25 cm are
useful. In grasslands, quadrats of three sizes have been found to be useful,
depending upon the growth of grasses and their dispersion. These quardrats
are 25X25 cm, 50X50cm and 100X50 cm.
TABLE- 3.12.1
LIST OF FRUIT TREES
Scientific name Common Name
Mangifera indica Mango

Artocarpus heterophyllus Jackfruit
Aegle marmelos Bael
Litchi chinensis Litchi
Psidium guajava Guava
Eugenia jambolana Black berry
Tamarindus indica Tamarind
Borassus flabellifer Palm
Citrus aurantifolia Lime

Musa paradisiaca Banana

Cucumis melo Water melon
Carica papaya Papaya
TABLE- 3.12.2
LIST OF CROPS
Oryza sativa Rice
Triticum aestivum Wheat
Saccharum officinarum Sugarcane
Cajanus cajan Pigeon pea
Brassica nigra Black mustard
Ricinus communis Castor Oil plant
Zea maize Corn
Cicer arietinum Chicken pea
Pisum sativum Peas
Lens esculenta Lentil
Solanum melongena Brinjal
Solanum tuberosum Potato
Lycopersicon esculentum Tomato
Capsicum frutescens Capsicum
Raphanus sativus Radish
Brassica oleracea Cabbage
Trichosanthes dioica Pointed Gourd
Momordica charantia Bitter gourd
Daucus carota Carrot
Ipomea batatas Sweet Potato
Cucumis melo Musk Melon
Hibiscus esculentus Okra
Cucurbita maxima Squash
Moringa oleifera Drumstick
Allium cepa Onion
Spinacia oleracea Spinach

TABLE- 3.12.3
LIST OF FISH
Notopterus chitala Mio, Chital
Notopterus notopterus Moai
Gudusia chapra Chapra
Setipinna phasa Phasa
Chela utrahi Chelhwa
Barilius bola Dhawai
Catla catla Catla
Cirrhinus mrigala Mirka
Labeo bata Bata
Labeo calbasu Calbasu
Labeo rohita Rohu
Mystus cavasis Tengra

3.13 DEMOGRAPHY & SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS

3.13.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The growth of industrial sectors and infrastructure developments in and around
the agriculture dominant areas, village and towns is bound to create its impact on
the socio-economic aspects of the local population of the area experiencing
development. The impacts may be positive or negative depending upon the
development activity. To assess the anticipated impacts of the project and
industrial growth on the socio-economic aspects of people, it is necessary to
study the existing socio-economic status of the local population, which will be
helpful for making efforts to further improve the quality of life in the area under
study.
The sociological aspects of this study include human settlements, demography,

and social strata such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and literacy
levels besides infrastructure facilities available in the study area. The economic
aspects include occupational structure of workers.
The Baseline Demographic and Socio economic characteristics with regards to

demography, literacy and occupational status have been described based on the
Primary Census Abstract, 2011. The proposed project site is located at Barauni
Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar. The entire 10 km radius study area around
the proposed project comprises of Teghra, Barauni, Birpur, Begusarai & Matihani
under Begusarai District in Bihar. A comparative assessment has been made for
the respective demographic aspects, based on the year 2011 Census data,
which has been discussed in the following sections.
The study area is rural-urban mixed in nature and highly populated with the total
population of 11,01,357 (as per 2011 Census). Scheduled Caste (SC) and
Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in the study area is about 11.84% and 0.13%
w.r.t. the total population respectively. The sex ratio in the study area is about
890 females per 1000 males. The overall literacy rate is about 57.3% of the total
population. The principal language is Maithili, Hindi and the principal staple food
is wheat. The primary sources of drinking water are tube wells, Hand pump water
and Supply water.
3.13.2 DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS

Average Household Size:
The Study area has an average family size of around 5.25 persons per
household. This is considered to be a normal family size in Bihar.

Overall population density and family size:

As per 2011 census, the total population in the study area is 11,01,357.
According to this population in the study area Population Density is
approximately 3507 persons per square kilometer. Total population, population
density & family size have been shown below in Table-3.13.1.
Table-3.13.1
Population density and family size
Particulars Number
No. of Household 209699
Population Density 3507 Nos./sq.km
Family Size 5.25
Male Population 582882
Female Population 518475
Total Population 1101357
Source: Census of India, 2011
Sex Ratio:
According to 2011 census, the sex ratio (female per 1000 male) of the rural
segment in the study area is 890, which is similar to that of the urban segment
i.e., 890. As a whole sex ratio of the study area is 890.
Population structure:
As per 2011 census total rural population within the study area is 428640 having
52.95% of male and 47.05% of female population. In comparison with rural
population, total urban population within the study area is 672717 with male and
female population is 52.91% & 47.09% respectively. As a whole total population
within the study area is 1101357 with total male and total female population is
52.92% & 47.08% respectively. The above table reveals that about 61% of the
total population within the study area belongs to the urban area, which shows the
urban nature of the study area.
As per 2011 census, the Scheduled caste (SC) population in the rural sector of
the study area is 14.28% of the total rural population, which is higher than the
urban sector of the study area, which is 10.28% of the total urban population. As
a whole, SC population is 11.84% w.r.t. the total population in the study area.
As per 2011 census, Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in the rural sector of the
study area is 0.04% of the total rural population which is lower than the urban

sector of the study area, which is 0.18% of the total urban population. As a
whole, ST population is 0.13% w.r.t. the total population in the study area.
The total population structure with scheduled caste and scheduled tribe
population has been shown in Table-3.13.2.
Table-3.13.2
Population Structure
Number of population
Number of
Area Total Population Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribe
Household
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
Rural 226964 201676 428640 32466 28756 61222 88 99 187 84016
Urban 355918 316799 672717 36651 32514 69165 654 576 1230 125683
Total 582882 518475 1101357 69117 61270 130387 742 675 1417 209699
Literacy Level:
Total literacy rate in rural sector of the study area is 51.9% of the total rural
population whereas male literacy rate is 58.5% of the total rural male population
and female literacy rate is 44.6% of total rural female population while total
literacy rate in urban sector of the study area is 60.8% of the total urban
population where male literacy rate is 65.9% of the total urban male population
and female literacy rate is 55.0% of the total urban female population. The overall
literacy rate in the study area is about 57.3% w.r.t. the total population where
male literacy rate is 63% (w.r.t. the total male population) and female literacy rate
is 50.9% (w.r.t. the total female population). Population classification for literates
in the study area is presented Table-3.13.3.
Table-3.13.3
Literacy Level
No. of Literates
Area
Male Female Total
Rural 132686 89856 222542
Urban 234719 174227 408946
Total 367405 264083 631488

3.13.4 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

The occupational structure of population in the study area is studied with
reference to main workers and marginal workers. As per Census of India, all
persons engaged in 'work' defined as participation in any economically
productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit are workers.
The Reference period for determining a person as worker and non-worker is one
year preceding the date of enumeration The Census classifies Total Workers into
two groups namely, (i) Main workers (ii) Marginal workers. Main Workers are
those workers who had worked for the major part of the reference period i.e. 6
months or more. Marginal Workers are those workers who had not worked for the
major part of the reference period i.e. less than 6 months.
The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the Census

Department, which consists of cultivators, agricultural laborers, those engaged in
live-stock, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and
repairs in household industry; and other than household industry, construction,
trade and commerce, transport and communication and other services.
Workers and Non-workers:

Total Worker in rural areas is 29.9% of the total rural population of 428640 and
Total Worker in urban areas is 28.3% of the total urban population of 672717,
while overall total worker is 28.9% of the overall total population of 1101357 in
the study area according to 2011 Census. The total workers are divided into main
and marginal workers.
Main Worker in rural areas is 62.4% of the total rural worker of 128206 and Main
worker in urban areas is 75.17% of the total urban worker of 190413, while
overall total Main worker is 70.02% of the overall total worker of 318619 in the
study area according to 2011 Census.
Marginal Worker in rural areas is 37.6% of the total rural worker of 128206 and
Marginal worker in urban areas is 24.8% of the total urban worker of 190413,
while overall total Marginal worker is 30.0% of the overall total workers of 318619
in the study area according to 2011 Census.
Non-Worker in rural areas is 70.1% of the total rural population of 428640 and
Non-Worker in urban areas is 71.7% of the total urban population of 672717,
while overall Non-worker is 71.7% of the overall total population of 1101357 in
the study area according to 2011 Census.
The occupational status of workers and non-workers has been shown in Table –
3.13.4.

Table – 3.13.4
Occupational Status
No. of workers
No. of non-workers Total
Area Main Workers Marginal Workers
Population
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
(3)+(6)+(9)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
Rural 68938 11043 79981 33425 14800 48225 124601 175833 300434 428640
Urban 123925 19202 143127 34068 13218 47286 197925 284379 482304 672717
Total 192863 30245 223108 67493 28018 95511 322526 460212 782738 1101357
Classified Occupational Status:

Cultivators and agricultural workers in rural areas are 3.6% and 6.4%
respectively w.r.t. the total rural population of 428640 and in urban areas these
are 1.69% and 3.17% respectively w.r.t. the total urban population of 672717.
Overall cultivators and agricultural workers are 2.4% and 4.4% respectively w.r.t.
the total population in the study area. The classified occupational status in the
study area has been tabulated in Table-3.13.5.
Table-3.13.5
Classified Occupational Status
Total Agricultural
Area Cultivators Others
Workers Workers
Rural 128206 15378 27596 33419
Urban 190413 11385 21313 101499
Total 318619 26763 48909 134918
Graphical presentations of demographical and occupational status have
been given below in FIGURE-3.13.1.
3.13.5 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
Medical Facilities
Medical facilities like hospitals, allopathic & homeopathic dispensary, maternity
and child welfare centre are present in the study area.
Drinking Water Facilities

Ground water is the primary sources of drinking water in the study area. Such
water is drawn either through tube-wells or bore wells or hand pumps.
Electricity
All villages have electricity in the study area and is available for domestic,
agriculture, and public lighting purposes.

Communication Transport & Access

Facilities
Many villages have Post Office
available within study area. Bus,
rickshaw, van, motor van, etc are the
communication transport systems
available in many villages. Telephone
connections are also available within
the study area.
FIGURE-3.13.1
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF DEMOGRAPHIC & SOCIAL
STATUS (BASED ON 2011 CENSUS DATA)
Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of
Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer C4 - 1
units at Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar
CHAPTER-4.0
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
OF THE PROJECT
4.1 PROJECT ACTIVITIES
PHASES OF IMPACTS
The proposed project will have impacts on the environment in two distinct
phases. During the construction phase, which may be regarded as temporary or
short-term; the other during the operation stage, which will have long term
effects.
The environmental impacts in this study have been discussed separately for the
construction phase and the operation stage for this specific project.
Spatially, the impacts have been assessed over the study area of 10 km. radius
of the project site. Overall, impacts in the regional context are negligible unless
stated otherwise.
4.2 ACTIVITIES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

During the construction phase, the following activities among many are
considered to be important towards development of impacts:
a) Site preparation
b) Excavation and backfilling
c) Hauling of earth materials and wastes
d) Piling, cutting and drilling
e) Erection of concrete and steel structures
f) Road construction
g) Painting and finishing
h) Clean up operations
The activities can be divided into two categories, viz. sub-structural and super-
structural work. Certain foundation would require pile driving. The pile driving
machinery would pose noise and gaseous pollution.
Moreover, construction work will involve cutting of trenches, excavation,

concreting etc. All these activities will give rise to dust pollution. The super-
structural work will involve steel work, concrete work, masonry work etc. and will
involve massive construction equipment like cranes, concrete mixers, hoists,
welding sets etc. There may be dust, gaseous and noise pollution from these
activities. Concrete and masonry works involve considerable amount of water
which generally induce certain impact on the local water source.
4.0 Environmental Impacts of the Project Envirotech East Pvt Ltd

Mechanical erection work involves extensive use of mechanical equipment for

storage, transportation, erection and on-site fabrication work. These activities
generally produce some air contaminants and noise pollution. On the other hand,
electrical work is less polluting in general.
4.3 ACTIVITIES DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE

There is the proposal of the expansion of Barauni Refinery from current installed
capacity of 6.0 MMTPA to 9.0 MMTPA along-with production of Petrochemical
products. There will be additional 9 stacks after the implementation of BR-9
project. The major pollutants, to be emitted are SO 2, NOx & PM. The existing
ETP & TTP will be used for treating the effluent, generated from the proposed
units. The entire treated wastewater will be recycled back to the refinery for
various purposes. There will be no discharge of any effluent outside the plant
premises. Additional catalyst, to be generated from the proposed project shall be
stored in drums/bags and shall be subsequently disposed off through the
authorised recyclers, as per the existing practice.
Hence, the proposed project would mostly involve discharge emissions from the
stack and may have certain impact on discreet environmental attributes that are
discussed in the following sections.
4.4 IMPACTS ON SOIL AND LAND USE

The proposed project would be set up in the available area within the existing
plant premises already earmarked for this particular project. As such, the
construction activities would be confined within the boundary of the existing plant
premises and the amount of productive soil included in the proposed site is
marginal. Therefore, the impacts will be minimum.
Preparatory activities like construction of access roads, temporary offices,

quarters and godowns, piling, storage of construction materials etc. will be
confined within the project area. These will not generally exercise any significant
impact except altering the land use pattern of the proposed site. There will be no
impact on the adjoining land.
However, it would be noted from the findings of air pollution dispersion modelling
that the pollutant levels will increase only marginally due to the plant operations.
At these levels, however, no appreciable adverse changes in the soils are
anticipated.
Moreover, the plant and its vicinity being industrial and urban area, it shall be of
no importance to ensure that no degradation of agricultural soils shall result from
the industrial or other types of pollution.
Overall, it could be easily inferred that there will be no adverse impact on soil
quality & land use in the study area.

4.5 IMPACTS ON HYDROLOGY

4.5.1 Impacts on Hydrology during Construction
The piece of land, to be developed is a part of the whole existing complex.
Moreover, the storm water drainage of the land piece is well developed as
integral part of the total such development of the complex. Therefore, the
drainage pattern of overland water flow will not be changed due to the site
preparation involving alteration of the existing profile and slope of the land.
4.5.2 Impacts on Hydrology during Operation

Appropriate drainage facilities have been developed within the plant including
proper disposal to drains.
The existing water requirement for the refinery stands at 651m3/hr. There will be
additional 349 m3/hr requirement of fresh water after the installation of the
proposed projects, after recycling treated effluent from the existing BTP & TTP.
Hence, total 1000 m3/hr fresh water will be required for the whole refinery after
implementation of the proposed project. The fresh water requirement of the
refinery is met from the bore wells. The necessary permission from the
Competent Authority for the drawl of water at present level of 651 m3/hr is
available. The same practice will continue after the implementation of the
proposed project. The permission of the drawl of water is granted only after
ascertaining the availability of the water in the area thereby ensuring no adverse
impact on the local ground water profile.
The annual consumption by BR shall work out to be about 8.8 million m3. If one
were to assume natural local recharge to be 13 cms. from about 12% of the
annual average rainfall of 1110 mm percolating to the underground water-table,
all it would need is around 68 sq km. area to recharge the abstracted amount
which is only 22% of the study area. Also, there is considerable recharge from
the river Ganga from the waste waters and from the “Terai” areas. The ground
water in this area is really copious and there need be absolutely no worry of any
shortage of water or lowering of the ground water table.
As per the existing practice, the effluent, generated from new units under the
proposed project will be recycled after proper treatment in the existing BTP &
TTP. The entire treated wastewater will be recycled back to the refinery for
premises. Hence, there will be no impact on any surface hydrology of the area
due to operation of the proposed project.
4.6 IMPACTS ON WATER QUALITY

4.6.1 Impacts on Water Quality during Construction
Adequate arrangements will be made to ensure proper drainage of wastewater
from the construction sites so that such waters do not form stagnant pools nor
aggravate soil erosion. Stagnant pools of water will promote breeding of

mosquitoes and create generally unsanitary conditions.
With regard to the water quality, wastewater from construction activities would
mostly contain suspended impurities. Other pollutants that may find their way to
it will be in insignificant concentrations and may be safely disregarded.
As the wastewater would ultimately have to be discharged to existing surface

water drains, care would be taken so that excess suspended solids in the
wastewater are arrested before discharge.
Thus, it is recommended to lead drains from different construction sites to pits

where excess suspended solids are settled out and relatively clear supernatant
is discharged.
4.6.2 Impacts on Water Quality during Operation

The total effluent load from the refinery after the installation of the proposed
projects will be about 800 m3/hr. Further the extra open channel effluent of about
200 m3/hr will be treated in storm water management system and extra DM plant
reject of about 44 m3/hr will be treated in ETP RO plant. The existing ETP has a
design capacity of 1000 m3/hr and that of the BTP is 1400 m3/hr. Therefore, the
effluent load of around 800 m3/hr in the ETP and around 1171 m3/hr including
the effluent from storm water management system in the BTP will be easily
treated. The entire treated wastewater will be recycled back to the refinery for
premises.
So, there will be no impact on the surface water quality due to the operation of
the proposed project.
4.7 IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY

4.7.1 Impacts on Air Quality during Construction
Particulate matter would be the predominant pollutant affecting the air quality
during the construction phase. Dust will be generated mainly during excavation,
back filling and hauling operations along with transportational activities.
However, wind in the area generally being low to medium, windblown dust is not
expected to have tangible effects.
Undesirable gaseous pollutants will be generated mostly by the automobile

traffic. However, this would not lead to any tangible effect, as the expected traffic
volume is low. Whatsoever, it would be ensured that all the vehicles plying
during construction are properly tuned and maintained to keep emissions within
the permissible limits.

4.7.2 Emissions during Operation

Sources of Emissions
The major sources of emission in a refinery are a number of heaters in the
different units. Fuel oil/ gas is burnt in the heaters. Besides the heaters, the
Captive Thermal Power Station also burns fuel oil/ gas to raise steam for the
power generation and supply of process steam. Naphtha/ diesel is also used as
fuel in GTs for power generation.
There are 22 stacks in the existing operation of the refinery. There will be 9 new
stacks after the implementation of BR-9 project. After the implementation of the
proposed BR-9 project, the existing AVU–I, II & III will be replaced by AVU
(New). So, the stacks, attached to AVU–I, II & III will be replaced by the stack,
attached to AVU (New). So, there will be total 28 stacks (19 existing + 9 new)
after BR-9 project.
As a result, stack emissions would be constituted of mainly sulphur dioxide

(SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) & particulate matter (PM). Other emissions will
be negligible.
The stack and emission characteristics pertaining to the existing and the future
stacks are presented in Table-4.1.
Air Quality Modelling

Selection of Model
The refinery operation will emit gaseous pollutants from a number of stacks,
which have the potential to deteriorate the air quality of the area. In order to
evaluate the impact on ambient air quality due to such releases, the ground level
concentrations (GLCs) as a result of the plant emissions have been evaluated
through mathematical modelling using computer aided techniques.
Upon discharge to atmosphere, the emissions from sources are subjected to

transport and diffusion processes which together are termed as dispersion. The
processes which govern the atmospheric dispersion of pollutants are plume rise,
transport by wind, diffusion by turbulence and a number of physico-chemical
processes such as gravitational settling, deposition, chemical reactions,
transformation, decomposition and wash out.
The computation has been made applying ISCST3 of USEPA, which is most
widely used and also recommended by CPCB (PROBES/70/1997-98). The
model is based on some assumption such as steady state conditions, continuous
homogeneous flow, inert passive pollutants, no ground absorption and a
Gaussian distribution of the plume in both horizontal and vertical planes.

Data Used for Modelling

The hourly meteorological data like ambient temperature, wind speed and wind
direction used for air quality modelling have been taken from such data,
generated through continuous on-site monitoring during three months’ period (1st
February 2018 – 30th April 2018).
The hourly occurrence of various atmospheric stability classes has been

determined from the on-site hourly wind speed and cloud cover data using the
insolation based stability classification.
The modelling exercise has been done, separately for 3 cases:
Case 1 – All 22 existing stacks

Case 2 – All 9 new stacks & 2 existing stacks (Total 11 stacks)
Case 3 – 19 existing & 9 new stacks (Total 28 stacks)
Emissions pertaining to the existing condition/ load have also been considered in
the modelling though its contribution is already reflected in the baseline air
quality.
Case 2 has been considered to project the contribution of the proposed project.
In the proposed project, the existing FCC and Coker-B units will be revamped.
So, the stacks, attached to these 2 units have also been considered for the
projection of the proposed project scenario.
Case 3 has been considered to provide a picture of the overall contribution of the
refinery after the implementation of the proposed project.
Stack and emission data as presented in Table-4.1 have been used as input to
the model. The prediction of GLCs and corresponding impacts has been made
for the emission figures mentioned therein.
TABLE - 4.1
STACK & EMISSION CHARACTERESTICS
[Existing and Future Stacks]
S.N Stack Attached To STACK Flue Exit SO2 NOx PM

Height Gas Velo- EMISS-ION EMISS-ION EMISS-
(m) Temp city (GM/SEC) (GM/SEC) ION
Inter- (°K) (m/s) (GM/SEC
nal )
Dia at
top (m)
EXISTING STACKS
1 AVU – I* 42 2.5 455 9.07 0.49 0.03 5.26
2 AVU – II* 80 2.5 425 8.58 0.49 0.03 4.92


nal )
Dia at
top (m)
3 AVU – III* 53 3.2 459 8.19 0.93 0.04 5.31
4 CRU - R 60 3.05 499 8.80 0.61 0.04 5.78
5 CRU - S 62.5 1.65 499 9.88 0.69 0.02 5.78
6 FCCU 40 3.6 353 9.12 0.00 0.00 5.17
7 DHDT 80 2.2 464 9.14 0.69 0.02 5.16
8 NHDT 60 1.45 503 10.98 0.58 0.03 5.37
9 HGU 77 2.3 464 9.00 0.00 0.00 5.16
10 PRIME G 60 1.45 502 10.90 0.69 0.03 5.93
11 COKER - A 60 2.3 499 8.63 0.49 0.03 5.77
12 COKER - B 60 2.34 623 7.62 8.10 5.39 0.77
13 SRU 50 1.3 502 11.73 0.46 0.03 5.37
14 BOILER - I 60 3.5 445.60 12.11 0.00 0.00 5.16
15 BOILER - II 60 3.5 444.79 11.94 0.35 0.02 2.57
16 BOILER - III 42 3.5 445.13 12.09 0.35 0.02 2.57
17 BOILER - IV 60 1.5 446.10 11.84 0.00 0.00 5.15
18 BOILER - V 60 1.5 454 11.23 0.69 0.02 0.00
19 BOILER - VI 80 3.2 436 8.11 0.69 0.03 5.92
20 GT - I 60 3 512 10.23 0.69 0.02 5.25
21 GT - II 60 3 511 10.00 0.72 0.04 4.09
22 Indjet Unit 45 0.7 623 7.6 0.14 0.93 0.01
FUTURE STACKS
1 AVU (NEW)* 80 4.45 623 7.62 29.33 19.50 2.79
2 OHCU - 1 60 0.82 623 7.62 0.98 0.65 0.09
3 OHCU - 2 60 1.69 623 7.62 4.22 2.81 0.40
4 BOILER - VII 60 4.29 623 7.62 27.23 18.11 2.59
5 NHDT 60 0.59 623 7.62 0.02 0.25 0.00
6 ISOM 60 0.87 623 7.62 0.04 0.53 0.01
7 HGU 60 0.76 623 7.62 0.85 1.00 0.02
8 DHDT 60 1.97 623 7.62 0.18 2.72 0.05
9 SRU 80 1.3 505 12.00 12.60 0.02 4.63


nal )
Dia at
top (m)
Total 93.19 51.40 107.06
*Note: After the implementation of the proposed BR-9 project, the existing AVU–I, II
& III will be replaced by AVU (New). So, the stacks, attached to AVU–I, II & III will be
replaced by the stack, attached to AVU (New).
Modelling Procedure
As recommended by CPCB, radial pattern of receptor locations has been
implemented using the polar (r,) co-ordinate system with one of the sources as
origin or Absolute Reference Point (ARP). The locations of the receptors have
then been defined with respect to 16 radial directions (N to NNW) (angle  of
such directions measured anti-clockwise from East) and radial distance r from
the ARP.
In this case, the stack, attached to AVU (New) has been considered as the ARP
(Absolute Reference Point). The locations of the receptors have then been
defined with respect to 16 radial directions (N to NNW) (angle  of such
directions measured anti-clockwise from East) and radial distance r from the
ARP. The maximum distance covered is 10 km, which has been seen adequate
to cover the maximum concentrations for this particular situation.
For multiple stack computation, the actual locations of the stacks have been
defined in a Cartesian grid system with origin at the ARP, x-axis along the East
direction and y-axis along the North direction. The inter-stack distances have
been considered therein.
Since the contributions from different pollution sources are additive, the
contributions of all sources at a given receptor have been computed separately
and then added to get the total concentration.
Modelling Results
The modelling results for 3 different cases are presented in Table-4.2.

Table 4.2
Maximum Predicted GLCs of Pollutants
Case I Predicted Maximum GLC
GLC Direction Distance (km)
3
(g/m )
SO2 3.85 E 1.0
NOx 3.82 ESE 0.8
PM 19.81 E 1.5
Case II Predicted Maximum GLC
(g/m3)
SO2 14.21 ESE 1.8
NOx 7.26 ESE 1.5
PM 4.87 ESE 1.8
Case III Predicted Maximum GLC
3
(g/m )
SO2 15.41 ESE 1.8
NOx 7.71 ESE 1.5
PM 17.36 ESE 1.8
The maximum of the 24-hourly maximum GLCs of SO2, NOx & PM for case 1
i.e., during existing operation of the refinery are about 3.85 g/m3, 3.82 g/m3 &
19.81 g/m3 respectively, which would occur at a distance of about 1.0 km., 0.8
km. & 1.5 km in ‘E’, ‘ESE’ & ‘E’ directions respectively.
The maximum of the 24-hourly maximum predicted GLCs of SO2, NOx & PM for
case 2 i.e., during operation of the proposed project would be about 14.21
g/m3, 7.26 g/m3 & 4.87 g/m3 respectively, which would occur at a distance of
about 1.8 km., 1.5 km. & 1.8 km respectively in ‘ESE’ direction.
The maximum of the 24-hourly maximum predicted GLCs of SO2, NOx & PM for
case 3 i.e., during operation of the overall project after implementation of the
proposed project would be about 15.41 g/m3, 7.71 g/m3 & 17.36 g/m3
respectively, which would occur at a distance of about 1.8 km., 1.5 km. & 1.8 km
respectively in ‘ESE’ direction. This also includes the contributions from the
existing operation of the plant though its contribution is already reflected in the
baseline ambient air quality, and thus provides a picture of the total contribution
of the plant.
The predicted maximum GLCs of SO2, NOx & PM in all 3 cases are within the
permissible limits of 80 g/m3 for SO2 & NOx,100 g/m3 for PM10 and 60 g/m3
for PM2.5, applicable for industrial, residential, rural and other areas, as stipulated
in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
Isopleths (iso-concentration plots) of 24-hourly maximum GLCs of SO2, NOx &

PM for all the 3 cases are depicted in Figures-4.1 through 4.9.
It may, therefore, be concluded that the setting up and operation of the proposed
BR-9 project will not cause any intolerable impact on the ambient air quality.
4.8 IMPACTS ON NOISE

4.8.1 Impacts on Noise during Construction
During the construction phase, operation of light to heavy construction
machinery is likely to emit noise with moderate to huge decibel value. Careful
planning of their operation is required during this period so that minimum
disturbances are caused. Moreover, residential areas being mostly far away, no
significant impact is apprehended.
Finally, green belts around the plant would serve the dual purpose of checking
fugitive dust as well as noise pollution.
4.8.2 Impacts on Noise during Operation

Major noise sources during the operation of the proposed project will be
equipments like compressors, fans, motors, cooling towers etc. However, they
will be designed so as to limit the noise levels to <85 dba at 1 m. from the
respective equipment.
The day and night time ambient noise levels monitored in and around the project
area revealed slightly high noise levels due to the extensive industrial,
transportational and commercial activities in the area. However, such noise
levels in industrial areas are within the permissible limits.
Though operational activities is not expected to cause any undue disturbances to

the people living in the proximate areas outside the plant boundary, impacts on
persons working very close to the proposed units are likely.
Barauni Refinery has considered low noise generating equipments for their
system. Acoustic logging, acoustic barrier, acoustic shelter have already been
provided to contain the noise level within the desired level. Besides, impacts of
noise on workers could be minimised through adoption of adequate protective
measures in the form of (a) use of personal protective equipment (ear plugs, ear
muffs, noise helmets etc.), (b) education and public awareness, and (c) exposure
control through the rotation of work assignments in the intense noise areas.
4.9 IMPACTS ON ECOLOGY

4.9.1 Impacts on Terrestrial Ecology during Construction
The impact of construction activities will be confined to the project site. Thus, the
site development works will not lead to any loss of any vegetation.

Removal of top soil often leads to soil erosion. Deposition of fugitive dust on
pubescent leaves of nearby vegetation may lead to temporary reduction of
photosynthesis. Such impacts will, however, be confined mostly to the initial
periods of the construction phase.
Only few species of common birds are sited in and around the site. No wild life is
involved in the site and vicinity. Therefore, there is no likely tangible impact from
higher noise and emissions during construction on the common animals and
birds in the area.
4.9.2 Impacts on Terrestrial Ecology during Operation

The base line status of terrestrial flora and fauna within the study area has been
drawn up earlier. As such, there are no eco-sensitive areas like National Parks/
Wildlife Sanctuary/ Biosphere Reserves/ Migratory Corridors of wild animals,
Reserve Forest etc. within 10 km radius study area around Barauni Refinery.
The study area is dominated by industrial, commercial, agricultural and
residential landuse.
The harmful effects of such air pollutants as SPM, SO 2 and NOx in affecting
growth and other similar functions of trees, either singularly or synergistically is
well known. However, such effects are experienced only at high levels. The
levels of pollutants contributed by the project are much lower and are not
envisaged to cause any such stress.
4.9.3 Impacts on Aquatic Ecology during Construction

As the water quality of the surface water bodies is not likely to change
significantly due to the construction activities, no tangible impact on the aquatic
life is expected.
4.9.4 Impacts on Aquatic Ecology during Operation

purposes. There will be no discharge of any effluent outside the plant premises.
Hence, there will be no impact on the aquatic ecology of the area.
4.10 IMPACTS ON DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIOECONOMICS

Some workforce comprising of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labourers will
be needed at the peak period of construction phase. Since most of labour force
will be drawn from established neighbourhood, no new environmental problem is
anticipated. Only for a few skilled personnel, brought to site from outside the
locality, proper housing/accommodation would be provided in the established
township.

As the construction phase will be limited to a very short time span, it would not
have any long term effect. IOCL proposes to continue the current community
development and awareness programmes for the people in the surrounding
areas.
FIGURE-4.1
ISOPLETHS OF SO2
(CASE-1)

FIGURE-4.2
ISOPLETHS OF NOx
(CASE-1)

FIGURE-4.3
ISOPLETHS OF PM
(CASE-1)

FIGURE-4.4
ISOPLETHS OF SO2
(CASE-2)

FIGURE-4.5
ISOPLETHS OF NOx
(CASE-2)

FIGURE-4.6
ISOPLETHS OF PM
(CASE-2)

FIGURE-4.7
ISOPLETHS OF SO2
(CASE-3)

FIGURE-4.8
ISOPLETHS OF NOx
(CASE-3)

FIGURE-4.9
ISOPLETHS OF PM
(CASE-3)

CHAPTER-5.0
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
5.1 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
M/s IOCL has proposed to expand the capacity of Barauni Refinery from 6
MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni Refinery, District
Begusarai, Bihar.
The major factors, which are normally considered for selecting a site for
establishing an industry, are as follows:
i. Availability of adequate flat land for the proposed plant.

ii. Sources of supply of raw materials & their delivered cost.
iii. Proximity to finished goods market.
iv. Existence of rail & road connections in the vicinity for transportation
of incoming & outgoing saleable materials.
v. Availability of industrial infrastructural facilities includes manpower,
energy etc.
Land
The land for the expansion project is already available within the refinery
boundary.
Raw Materials Availability

Access to availability of raw material mainly Crude oil within an
economical procurement.
Transport
The existing site is well connected by rail & road with other part of the
country.
Manpower
Man Power requirement for proposed capacity expansion project has been
estimated as 140 nos. Local skilled and unskilled labour will be required
during construction phase. As the area is close to Begusarai City, skilled
people from the town will be available to work here.
Others
Access to reasonable socio-economic infrastructure is useful so that labour
is easily available and community infrastructure is not required to be
established.
It is also highly advantageous since the products could be smoothly

marketed in the eastern region of India.
Analysis of Alternatives Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

CHAPTER-6.0
ADDITIONAL STUDIES
(RISK ASSESSMENT &
DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN)
6.1 DEFINITION OF DISASTER/EMERGENCY

The word 'disaster' is synonymous with 'emergency' as defined by the Ministry of
Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC). An emergency occurring at
Barauni Refinery (here in after referred to as "Plant") is one that may affect several
sections within it and / or may cause serious injuries, loss of lives, extensive
damage to environment or property or serious disruption outside the plant. It will
require the best use of internal resources and the use of outside resources to
handle it effectively. It may happen usually as the result of a malfunction of the
normal operating procedures. It may also be precipitated by the intervention of an
outside force such as a cyclone, flood, or deliberate acts of arson or sabotage.
6.2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

The plant is located in Begusarai district of Bihar. The site is located at about 7.5
km. of the river Ganga.
As the site including its geographic location, administrative location, communication,

physiographic characteristics, climate etc. has been elaborated earlier, it has not
been separately reproduced here.
The plant is provided with adequate fire protection system, central electronic control
system, alarm and trip provisions for pumps, compressors, storage vessels etc, gas
detection system with alarm and trip provision, automatic spray system for storage,
bottling and filling and automatic safe shut down system.
More details regarding the project and facilities are available earlier in chapter
captioned "Project Description". Layout plan of the plant is depicted in Figure-2.6.
The roads inside the plant have been depicted therein. The overall transportation
system is described earlier in details.
6.3 POSSIBLE EMERGENCIES

6.3.1 Hazardous Materials Handled
The hazardous materials which are handled at the plant include among others
crude oil, LPG, Naphtha, MS, Gasoline, HSD, Fuel Oil, Ammonia, Hydrogen,
6.0 Additional Studies (Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan) Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.
Chlorine etc. As per the hazard classification, following types of hazardous

materials are handled:
 Flammable gases: Chemicals which in the gaseous state at normal pressure

and mixed with air become flammable and the boiling point of which at normal
pressure is 20oC or below.
 Highly flammable liquids: Chemicals, which have a flash point, lower than
23oC and the boiling point of which at normal pressure is above 20oC.
 Flammable Liquids: Chemicals, which have a flash point lower than 65oC and
which remain liquids under pressure, where particular processing conditions,
such as high pressure and high temperature, may create major accident
hazards.
 Explosives: Chemicals, which may explode under the effect of flame or which,
are more sensitive to shocks or friction than dinitro benzene.
6.4 RISK ANALYSIS

Risk is defined as the consequences of a particular activity in relation to the
likelihood that this may occur. Risk measurement or analysis thus comprises of two
variables:
1) Magnitude of consequences of certain accident and

2) Probability of occurrence of this accident
Probability of a certain accident depends on the probability of failure of a plant

component including human error/failure and failure of designed counter measures.
Probability of a certain consequence depends on the probability of weather/stability

class, probability of wind direction, probability of ignition in case of a fire or
explosion, and finally probability of being injured or killed which depends on the
damage criteria and escape factors.
6.4.1 Risk Analysis Methodology

The four normal components of a risk analysis study are:
1) Identification of hazards and accident scenarios

2) Calculation of physical effects and consequences
3) Estimation of the probabilities and frequencies
4) Risk assessment and calculation of risk levels
Major chemical hazards are generally considered to be of two types:
- Flammable (fire, explosion etc)

- Toxic (toxic gas cloud)
Where there is the potential for gas/vapour releases, there is also the potential for
explosions. These often produce overpressures which can cause fatalities, both
through direct action on the body or through plant and building damage.
Accidental release of flammable or toxic vapours can result in severe

consequences. Delayed ignition of flammable vapours can result in blast
overpressures covering large areas. This may lead to extensive loss of life and
property. Toxic clouds may cover yet larger distances due to the lower threshold
values in relation to those in case of explosive clouds (the lower explosive limits).
In contrast, fires have localized consequences. Fires can be put out or contained in
most cases; there are few mitigating actions one can take once a vapour cloud gets
released. Major hazards arise, therefore, consequent upon the release of flammable
or toxic vapours or BLEVE in case of liquefied pressurized gases.
Various studies such as Hazard and operability studies, Event tree analysis, `What-
if' analysis etc are normally applied for the identification of potential hazards.
Inventory plays an important role in regard to the potential hazards. Larger the
inventory of a vessel or a system, larger is the quantity of potential release. A
practice commonly used to generate an incident list is to consider potential leaks
and major releases from fractures of pipelines and vessels containing sizable
inventories of flammable/toxic materials.
The range of possible releases for a given component covers a wide spectrum, from
a pinhole leak upto a catastrophic rupture (of a vessel) or full bore rupture (of a
pipe). It is both time consuming and necessary to consider every part of the range;
instead, representative failure cases are generated. For a given component, these
should represent fully both the range of possible releases and their total frequency.
In general, the following typical types of failures are considered:
- Rupture for vessels

- Full bore rupture for pipes
- Large leaks (mainly connection failures), 100 mm equivalent diameter
- Small and Very small leaks (due to corrosion, impact and other such cases), 25
and 5 mm equivalent diameter leaks respectively.
For this type of analysis, a screening process is also implemented. This ensures
that attention is focused on events with potential to cause fatalities. All events,
which do not have the potential to generate consequences, are eliminated at this
stage.
When the appropriate inputs are defined, the software calculates the source terms
of each release, such as the release rate, release velocity, release phase and drop
size. These source term parameters then become inputs to the consequence
modelling.
6.4.2 Selection of Accident Scenarios

Only a few different types of process plant components are of importance in hazard
analysis, and only a few failure cases for each component are of importance for
consequence analysis.
The process of incident selection is to construct an appropriate and representative

set of accident/incident scenarios (failure cases) for the study from the initial list that
has been generated by the enumeration process. An appropriate set of incidents is
the minimum number of incidents needed to satisfy the requirements of the study
and adequately represent the spectrum of incidents enumerated.
6.4.3 Calculation of Physical Effects and Consequences

In order to undertake this study, BREEZE HAZ software has been used to simulate
behaviour of accidental release of chemicals and its effects.
The software initially models the dispersion of the released material irrespective of
whether it is flammable or toxic. For flammable materials, the software then
proceeds to determine the effect zones for the various possible outcomes of such a
release. The extent of effect zone depends on the acceptable damage criteria.
6.4.4 Consequence Analysis, Results and Discussion
Data and Assumptions for Consequence Analysis

Based on the guidelines provided in the BREEZE HAZ software, the following data
and assumptions have been used during the process of consequence analysis and
risk assessment:
For example, product compositions taken for calculation of release rates and
dispersion are:
a) Naphtha characterized as n-Hexane
b) MS characterized as n-Heptane
For, if the hazardous material is a mixture of components, it must be characterized

as a single component, erring where necessary on the conservative side.
The meteorological data like predominant wind direction, mean temperature &
relative humidity have been taken, as discussed in Chapter-3.0.
- Damage criteria (Thermal damage criteria, Overpressure damage criteria etc.)

have been adopted in this study.
- Exposure duration of 30 seconds has been adopted in case of fires, based on

the assumption that the exposed persons will have found shelter or protection
from the heat radiation or run away to safe distance within this time.
- Catastrophic rupture of vessels will lead to instantaneous/rapid release of the

entire inventory of the vessel. And releasing material will ignite immediately in
case of catastrophic rupture or failure of storage vessel.
- A constant release rate is assumed over the entire duration. In general, duration
of 10 minutes has been taken for releases that can be isolated.
- In case of boiling liquids aerosols formation due to evaporation has been

assumed to be of similar amount as of aerosols formation due to and initial flash
vaporization due to boiling.
6.4.5 Final List of Incident Scenarios and Consequences

Based on the hazard identification and MCA analysis, a final short list of incident
scenarios is obtained, which are given in Table-6.1 below. Physical effects and
consequences are calculated for these scenarios using various models available
within the software package.
Table-6.1 Credible Accident Scenarios, Release Conditions and

Consequences
S Scenario Description and Release Condition Consequences
N
Off-site Storage Facilities:
1 40000 KL Crude Oil tank on fire Tank fire
2 10000 KL MS tank on fire Tank fire
3 20000 KL HSD tank on fire Tank fire
4 30000 KL OHCU Feed tank on fire Tank Fire
5 2000 KL LPG Bullet Catastrophic failure BLEVE/Fireball
Offsite storage facilities (Pressurized as well as Atmospheric) have been

considered for consequence analysis in following sections.
6.4.5 Scenario wise Consequence Analysis and Discussion

BLEVEs/Fireballs
LPG will be stored in pressurized condition at atmospheric temperature as liquids.
BLEVE scenarios are considered for such boiling liquids because if any heat source
is available near the storage tanks, which may increase the pressure inside the
tanks and leads to catastrophic rupture of the tanks resulting in instantaneous
evaporation of a substantial inventory followed by immediate fire and explosion of
considerable damage potential.
Detailed computations for BLEVE scenarios for LPG storage tanks involved here
have been carried out. Outcomes of such consequence analysis comprising of
BLEVE duration, fireball diameter and damage distances of different fatality and
damage levels are presented in Table-6.2.
Table-6.2 Outcomes of Consequence Analysis- BLEVEs/Fireballs

Sc Scenario Description Thermal Damage Distance (m)
Fireball Diameter
Fireball Duration
N from Centre of Fireball for
o
99% Fatality
50% Fatality
1% Fatality
1st Degree
Distance
(sec)
Burn
Safe
(m)
11 2000 KL LPG bullet catastrophic 164 10 473 534 721 1023 1938
failure
The effect distances for the different levels of heat dose have been worked out for
each of the BLEVE scenarios for the following fatality and damage:
65 kW.s/m2 : no discomfort, safe distance

125 kW.s/m2 : 1st degree burn, limit for plant operators
950 kW.s/m2 : 1% fatality, limit for piloted ignition (secondary fire)
2375 kW.s/m2 : 50% fatality, limit for non-piloted ignition
5900 kW.s/m2 : 99% fatality, heavy damage to plant equipment
The thermal effect distances for three different levels of fatality (99%, 50% and 1%),
for first degree burns and for safe distance have been worked out for each of the
release scenarios from the heat dose units and the exposure duration equal to the
BLEVE duration.
In case of BLEVE pertaining to Bullet, the diameter and duration of fireball are found
to be 164 m and 10 sec respectively. The maximum thermal damage distances for
99%, 50% and 1% fatality are found to be about 473, 534 and 721 m respectively,
while the maximum damage distance for first degree burns is about 1023 m from
the centre of the fireball.
It can be seen that people on-site as well as off-site are at risk from such
devastating BLEVEs. Since duration of such events is very small hardly any time is
available to mitigate the event. The only way to reduce risk of such potentially
severe consequences is to take appropriate safety measures right at the detail
design stage and preventive measures during operation and maintenance.
Tank Fires
Tank fire of the storage tanks may be considered as credible accident. Therefore,
detailed computations of tank fire of the relevant tanks involved have been carried
out. Outcomes of such consequence analysis comprising of the distances for
different heat radiation levels are presented in Table-6.3.
Table-6.3 Outcomes of Consequence Analysis- Tank Fires

Sc Scenario Description Thermal Damage Distance (m)
N from Centre of Tank for
Tank Diameter
o Heat Radiation Level

kW/m2
kW/m2
kW/m2
kW/m2
kW/m2
kW/m2
37.5
25.0
12.5
(m)
8.0
4.5
1.6
1 40000 KL Crude oil tank (containing 65 48 62 65 74 154 223
crude oil) on fire
2 10000 KL MS tank (containing MS) 25 17 18 22 31 54 97
on fire
3 20000 KL HSD tank (containing 40 31 35 44 57 105 175
HSD) on fire
4 30000 KL OHCU Feed tank 50 31 33 43 58 84 124
(containing OHCU Feed) on fire
The effect distances for the different levels of heat radiation have been worked out
for each of the tank fire scenarios for the following fatality and damage:
1.6 kW/m2 : no discomfort, safe distance

4.5 kW/m2 : 1st degree burn, limit for plant operators
8.0 kW/m2 : limit for unprotected adjoining equipment
12.5 kW/m2 : 1% fatality, limit for piloted ignition (secondary fire)
25.0 kW/m2 : 50% fatality, limit for non-piloted ignition
37.5 kW/m2 : 99% fatality, heavy damage to plant equipment
Based on past experience, it is found that peak level of radiation intensity will not
occur suddenly. Rather 20-30 minutes time will be required before a tank fire grows
into full size which is sufficient even for public to run away to safe distance. From
these considerations, the limit of 4.5 kW/m2 heat radiation level for public beyond
the plant boundary has been selected for such fires.
In case of tank fire pertaining to the 40000 KL crude oil tank, the maximum damage
distance for first degree burn is found to be about 154 m. In similar condition, the
maximum damage distance for thermally unprotected adjoining equipment is about
74 m and the maximum damage distance for 1% fatality/ secondary fire is about 65
m.
In case of tank fire pertaining to the 10000 KL MS tank, the maximum damage
m.
In case of tank fire pertaining to the 20000 KL HSD tank, the maximum damage
m.
In case of tank fire pertaining to the 30000 KL OHCU Feed tank, the maximum
damage distance for first degree burn is found to be about 84 m. In similar
condition, the maximum damage distance for thermally unprotected adjoining
equipment is about 58 m and the maximum damage distance for 1% fatality/
secondary fire is about 43 m.
It can be seen that only on-site people are at risk of thermal injury and burn from
such tank fires. In addition, the incident heat radiation from such tank fires may
cause thermal damage to neighbouring equipment, particularly control instruments.
The only way to mitigate these potential consequences is by reducing the

emergency response time to a bare minimum through installation of thermal sensor
triggered shut down and firefighting system at strategic locations in the plant.
6.4.6 Conclusions and Recommendations

Based on the risk analysis results and discussions outlined above, the following
conclusions including suggestions and recommendations can be drawn up:
1. Operation of the proposed project presents major risk to on-site people in the
form of thermal injury from tank fires. Moreover, vapour cloud explosions impose
potentially significant risk to plant and equipment.
2. Tank fire may be considered as credible accident and measures, which need to
be taken to tackle them in the event of such fire.
In view of this, all the storage tanks should be thermally protected so as to

prevent secondary fire on adjoining tanks due to any tank on fire. In case of a
tank fire, accessibility for actuating the sprinkler system should be ensured.
In case of any storage tank on fire, the cooling of adjoining tanks should be
restored promptly. It is also necessary to cool the tank on fire so that tank shell
does not give away. In view of such simultaneous cooling, the fire fighting
system should be designed accordingly.
All storage tanks, therefore have to be designed with safety features provided
with remote operated shut-off valves which enhances the safety of storage tanks
against failure.
3. In the event of a fire, an effective emergency plan will have to be worked out and
rehearsed for fire fighting and to evacuate non-essential people present in the
area surrounding the incident.
It is appropriate to assume that peak level of radiation intensity will not occur
suddenly and 20-30 minutes time will be required before a tank fire grows to full
size.
Adequacy of the fire water system including the distribution system, to cater to
increased requirement of fire water such as for cooling of tank on fire and the
adjoining tanks, for water sprinklers in the pump house area etc. should be
checked.
Adequate number of fire detectors are to be provided in fire prone areas.

Sufficient isolation valves must be installed.
In on-site emergency plan provision should be made for adequate combination

of fire fighting media located strategically along with crew of trained fire fighters
so that fires as envisaged in this study could be quickly controlled. In case of
fire, the adjoining area should be made inaccessible to non-essential personnel.
The on-site emergency plan should be carefully implemented.
Non-essential personnel should be located away from the storage area in the
zone of 4.5 kW/m2 radiation flux. Non-essential personnel will include office
staff, plant management personnel, maintenance personnel, administration and
accounts personnel etc.
4. The largest peril for plant and equipment is vapour cloud explosion. A disaster of
a scale proportional to cloud mass would occur. No major off-site effects are
observed and most of the damage will be confined to on-site only.
In case of a vapour cloud explosion there will be no time for any emergency
response and hence these major hazards must be prevented by appropriate
safety engineering right at the detail design stage.
The wind direction plays a vital role in dispersion in case of vapour/gas release.
Hence adequate wind cocks are to be provided at strategic visible locations so
that people can notice and take appropriate actions in case of an emergency.
5. The risk studies have shown that emergency response time for arresting release,
fire fighting, safe evacuation of plant personnel and safety of stored inventory is
critical to people's safety both on-site and off-site. If interceptive emergency
response time can be made very short, risk of injury to plant, people and
environment can be drastically reduced.
6. Pumps of highest available mechanical reliability should be installed so that a

spill does not occur due to pump malfunction. Local enclosure around the pumps
could be provided so that any leak from glands, valves or joints can be
contained locally. Ground level foam nozzles round the bunded areas and near
the locations of potential spills should be provided with facilities to inject foam at
any location either locally or from remote control.
7. Risk of injury can be substantially reduced by pursuing good standard of

operation and maintenance and by training and equipping several technicians in
techniques of arresting leakage. The good standard of O&M will ensure that
chance of a leakage is reduced to a minimum. One important function is
monitoring of heath of equipment, storage, pipelines and machines. Preventive
maintenance practices may be adopted to improve plant performance and
safety.
8. In addition, the population growth around the plant is to be watched closely.

Unorganised growth of colonies around the plant shall be avoided with the help
of appropriate authorities.
9. Above all, consistent and total quality assurance for engineering design,
hardware selection, through construction to commissioning and subsequent
operation and maintenance has to be adopted. The plant should be designed,

constructed and operated in accordance with the safe engineering practices and
standards, not only during installation but also throughout the life of the plant.
It is understood that the Project Authority will adopt such process safety
assurance measures throughout the life cycle of the plant. Given that
commitment the project should not pose a major source of risk to employees
and public at large as far as the major chemical hazards are concerned.
6.5 BASIS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

This DMP has been designed based on the range, scales and effects of "Major
Generic Hazards" described in the Risk Assessment just mentioned and on their
typical behaviours predicted therein. The DMP addresses the range of thermal and
mechanical impacts of these major hazards so that potential harm to people on-site
and off-site, plant and environment can be reduced to a practicable minimum. The
scenarios of loss of containment are credible worst cases to which this DMP is
linked.
6.6 CAPABILITIES OF DMP

The emergency plan envisaged is designed to intercept full range of hazards
specific to refinery such as fire, explosion, major spill etc. In particular, the DMP is
designed and conducted to mitigate those losses of containment situations that
have potentials to escalate into major perils of the plant, the effects of which have
been described in the Risk Assessment Report.
Another measure of the DMP's capability is to combat small and large fire due to
ignition of flammable liquid or vapour cloud escaped either from storage or from
process streams and evacuate people from the affected areas speedily to safe
locations to prevent irreversible injury.
Emergency medical aids to those who might be affected by incident heat flux and
incident shockwave overpressures, is inherent in the basic capabilities.
The most important capability of this DMP is the required speed of response to
intercept a developing emergency in good time so that disasters are never allowed
to happen.
6.7 DISASTER CONTROL PHILOSOPHY

The emergency control philosophy of the plant is in line with its normal operational
controls. The emergency control room will be the plant's Central Control Room,
which will employ Distributed Control System (DCS). All emergency operations,
which may involve shutdown of the plant, will be controlled from the Central Control
Room by the same operator(s) using dedicated "shut-down consoles". The consoles
will send commands to initiate the shutdown procedure. Plant shutdown system will
be performed by a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) connected to the DCS.
The principal strategy of DMP of the plant is "Prevention" of the major hazards. And
since these hazards can occur only in the event of loss of containment, one of the
key objectives of technology selection, project engineering, construction,
commissioning and operation is "Total and Consistent Quality Assurance". The
Project Authority is committed to this strategy right from the conceptual stage so
that the objective of prevention can have ample opportunities to mature and be
realized in practice.
The codes, standards and regulations (acts and rules) shall be followed to the
extent applicable such as:
1. OISD (Oil Industries Safety Directorate) norms (Standard 144 for LPG
Storage and Bottling Plant Operations, Standard 118 for Layouts for Oil and
Gas Installations).
2. API standards (Standard 2510 for LPG Installations).
3. SMPV(U) Rules, 1981 and Gas Cylinder Rules, 1981.
4. NFPA 58, Storage and Handling of LPG.
5. Indian Explosives Act & Explosive Rules
6. The Petroleum Act
7. ASME code for Unfired Pressure Vessels,Section VIII, Div. I
8. ANSI B31.3 Codes for refinery piping
9. Applicable specifications of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (IS:1893,
IS:456, IS:800, IS:875, IS:1742, IS:3370, IS:269, IS:1786, IS:226, IS:458,
IS:4576, IS:5290).
10. Indian Electricity Act, 1956 & Indian Electricity Rules.
11. Regulations for the Electrical Equipment of Building
12. Factories Act, 1948.
13. TAC recommendations and Fire Protection Manual
14. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and state and federal rules under the Act,
in particular Manufacture Storage & Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules,
1989.
15. Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991.
The Disaster Management Plan (DMP) or Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP)

consists of:
* On-site Emergency Plan

* Off-site Emergency Plan
Preparation of Disaster Management Plan under the headlines of On-site

Emergency Plan and Off-site Emergency Plan is in consonance with the guidelines
laid by the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Govt of
India.
As per the guidelines given by the Government, the "Occupier" of the facility is
responsible for the development of the On-site Emergency Plan. The Government
(District Authorities) should develop the Off-site Emergency Plan. However, a
conceptual Off-site Emergency Plan is also presented in this report.
6.8 ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN
6.8.1 Objectives
The objective of the On-site Emergency Plan should be to make maximum use of
the combined resources of the plant and the outside service to
* Effect the rescue and treatment of casualties.

* Safeguard other personnel in the premises.
* Minimize damage to property and environment.
* Initially contains and ultimately brings the incident under control.
* Identify any dead.
* Provide for the needs of relatives.
* Provide authoritative information to the news media.
* Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected areas.
* Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent enquiry into the
cause and circumstances of emergency.
6.8.2 Different Phases of Disaster

 Warning Phase :
Many disasters are preceded by sort of warning, e.g. with the aid of satellite and
network of weather stations. Many meteorological disasters like Cyclones and
Hurricanes can be predicted and actions can be taken to counteract them.
 Impact Phase :
This is the period when the disaster actually strikes and very little can be done to
lessen the effects of Disaster. The period of impact may last for a few seconds (like
fire, explosion, gas leak) or may prolong for days (like fire, gas leaks, water
pollution, floods, etc).
 Rescue Phase :
The rescue phase starts immediately after the impact and continues until necessary
measures are taken to rush help to combat the situation and to evacuate people to
safer places. Needless to emphasize that prompt and well organized rescue
operations can save many valuable lives.
 Relief Phase :
In this phase apart from organizing relief measures internally, depending on severity
of the disaster, external help should also be summoned to provide relief measures
(such as food, medical help, clothing, shelter etc). This phase will continue till
normalcy is restored.
 Restoration Phase :
This is the final and the longest phase. It includes rebuilding damaged equipment/
Plant.
6.8.3 Action Plans

The Action Plan consists of:
* Identification of Key Personnel.
* Defining responsibilities of Key Personnel.
* Designating Emergency Control Centres and Assembly Points.
* Declaration of Emergency.
* Sending All Clear Signal.
* Defining actions to be taken by non-key personnel during emergency.
6.8.4 Key Personnel and Responsibilities

The actions necessary in an emergency will clearly depend upon the surrounding
circumstances. Nevertheless, it is imperative that the required actions are initiated
and directed by nominated people, each having specified responsibilities as part of
coordinated plan. Such nominated personnel are known as Key Personnel.
The Emergency Preparedness Chart is shown in Figure-6.16.
The Key Personnel are:
* Site Controller (SC) or Chief Coordinator

* Incident Coordinator (IC) or Plant Coordinator
* Fire & Safety Coordinator
* Engineering Coordinator
* Welfare, Transport & Media Coordinator
* Power/Utilities & Communication Coordinator
* Medical Coordinator
* Security Coordinator
* Materials Coordinator
* Finance Coordinator
6.8.4.1 Responsibilities & Roles of Chief Coordinator

On getting information, the Chief -coordinator will
i) Report to the Site of emergency, assess the situation and declare the
disaster.
ii) Establish emergency control post at Fire Station Control Room.
iii) Declare the disaster zone.
Iv) Mobilise all Co-ordinators assembled at the emergency control post, assess
the situation and direct to put the disaster control plan to action.
v) Activate emergency evacuation and rescue operation with the help of
Engg/Security co-ordinator.
vi) Review the requirement for shutdown of units in consultation with the plant
co-ordinator.
vii) Review the control of traffic inside refinery with the help of security co-
ordinator.
viii) Monitor the situation and keep CGM, GM (HR) informed about the incidental
(magnitude of disaster, combating operation and casualties).
ix) Approved information to Press, Govt Agencies through welfare and Media
Co-ordinator with the approval of GM.
x) Inform:
DM & SP Begusarai and communicate to
 ED (O)
 Director (R)
 Chairman's Office IOCL, New Delhi
 Chief Secretary, Home Deptt, Govt of Bihar, Patna
 Member Secretary, B.S.P.C.B, Patna
 Factory Inspector, Begusarai
 Chief Inspector of Factories, Ranchi
 Regional Controller of Explosives, Hazaribagh/ Calcutta
 Factory Medical Inspector, Patna
 Sr Division Manager, National Insurance Co, Muzaffarpur
 Chief Controller of Explosives, Nagpur
 Excise Superintendent Begusarai through Welfare & Medical Co-
ordinator
xi) Ensure that casualties are received adequate attention in consultation with
medical coordinator.
xii) Monitor and control rehabilitation of the affected areas on cessation of the
emergency.
xiii) Declare that the "Disaster is over".
6.8.4.2 Responsibilities & Roles of Incident Coordinator

For all Five Scenarios:
On getting the information, the plant co-ordinator will act as follows:
i) To rush to the site of occurrence and assess the situation and requirement.
ii) To report at the Emergency Control Room at Fire Station and liasion between
Chief Co-ordinator and respective plant in-charges for safe operation and
shutdown of plants/ equipment, as necessary.
iii) To assess the magnitude of disaster and advise security co-ordinator to cordon
off the area.
iv) To mobilize necessary manpower from neighboring units/ areas for fire
fighting/rescue operation.
v) To mobilize spare/ off duty personnel from township for relieving existing
operating personnel.
vi) To coordinate with Fire & Safety Co-ordinator for fire fighting operations/
emergency handling.
vii)To advise Engineering Co-ordinator for suspension of all hot jobs in and around
the affected area.
viii) To coordinate with Engg Coordinator for repair and restoration of Plant/ facilities
during and after disaster.
ix) To coordinate with other Coordinators for sustaining the Safety of the running
units/ equipment in view of the possible consequences of the disaster.
x) To ensure that adequate water is made available for fire fighting.
For Toxic Gas Release

i) To coordinate for emptying the affected vessel as quickly as possible and isolation
thereof.
For Oil Spill

i) To arrange blockage of oil outflow through surface drains with the help of the
Engineering Coordinator.
ii) To coordinate with Railways for suspension of movement of Locomotives in the

Railway track passing along with Borrow-pit.
For Flood
i) To arrange filling of all empty tanks in the Refinery with product/water.
ii) To advise Engineering Co-ordinator for arranging placement of sand bags at all
sluice and screen gates on the boundary wall and also arrange manning at short
notice.
To arrange for availability of dewatering pumps.
iii) To make preparation of action plan for restoration of normally with receding of
floodwater.
6.8.4.3 Responsibilities & Roles of Fire and Safety Coordinator

On getting information, the Fire & Safety Coordinator will act as below:
i) To rush to the emergency site.

ii) To take charge of entire fire fighting/rescue operation & safety measures.
iii) To arrange to communicate fire station for raising "Disaster Siren" on the
advice of the Chief Co- ordinator.
iv) To deploy the manpower released from internally and from other sources for
fire fighting and allied operation.
v) To examine critically the fire fighting activities on the scene.
vi) To operate Mutual Aid Scheme with - BFS, Begusarai to strengthen the
integrated action.
vii) To monitor and replenish any short fall of fire fighting chemicals in
coordination with Materials Coordinator.
viii) To advise Engg. Co-ordinator for any emergency help like repair of fire
engines/ equipments etc.
ix) To arrange to issue Safety equipment required for Plant emergencies/ Fire
fighting.
For Oil Spill

i) To provide adequate fire fighting coverage in and around oil spillage site
round the clock.
6.8.4.4 Responsibilities & Roles of Engineering Coordinator
For All six scenarios:
On getting information or after hearing the disaster siren, the coordinator for
Engineering will report to the crisis control room at Fire Station:
i) To provide all Engineering and Maintenance Services as required by Plant or

other coordinators.
The Engineering Services include:
* Workshops (including auto & heavy Garages)

* Field Services
* Mechanical/Instrument jobs
* Urgent fabrication
* Use of gas Cutting for repair operation
* Services for transportation of Material
* Operation of Cranes, towing Services etc
ii) To mobilize manpower from all disciplines of maintenance (and to augment

the number as needed)
iii) To arrange rescue and transport for affected persons to the site dispensary.
iv) To arrange to supply Fire Fighting and safety equipments/materials to the
site of occurrence.
v) To take prompt action for renting/hiring equipments to meet emergency
requirements.
vi) To arrange maintenance and refueling of all fire fighting engines and rescue
vehicles.
vii) To arrange salvaging of all valuable records/gadgets in the refinery.
viii) To arrange adequate numbers of sand bags for any breach in the refinery
boundary wall/gupta bandh.
ix) To arrange patrolling of Gupta Bunch in coordination with Security Co-
ordinator and District Authorities.
x) To arrange clearing of uprooted trees, electric/ telephones poles etc.
xi) To arrange for emergency illumination with the help of portable diesel
generator sets.
xii) For Oil Spill
* To arrange recovery of spilled oil.
xiii) For all Scenario except flood
* To arrange dewatering of fire fighting area.
6.8.4.5 Responsibilities & Roles of Welfare, Transport & Media Coordinator

On getting the information on hearing the siren, he will rush to crisis control room at
fire station.
For all six scenarios:

i) To provide Transport to all co-ordinators as per requirement.
ii) To arrange food, beverage, drinks and shelter for all personnel involved in
emergency opreation
iii) To inform different statutory Bodies and Govt agencies about the nature and
magnitude of disaster in consultation with Chief Co-ordinator.
iv) To communicate with relatives of injured/deceased employees.
v) To arrange for Press Communication/AIR/TV.
vi) To arrange photography/video recording of the incident.
vii) To alert people of the nearby villages with the help of Police/CISF/District
authorities.
For Flood:
i) To arrange and mobilise adequate no. of boats with boatman from District
Authorities.
6.8.4.6 Responsibilities & Roles of Power/Utilities & Communication Coordinator

On getting information or hearing the siren he will rush to crisis control room at fire
station.
For all six scenarios:
i) To be in-charge of Power/Utility & Communication Services and keep the entire

communication system alive.
ii) To provide extra telephones for the Emergency control room at Fire Station.
iii) To arrange supply/isolation of Power Supply as required by the Plant
coordinator.
iv) To ensure availability of P.A system in serviceable condition.

v) To arrange quick mobilization of resources.
vi) To arrange quick resumption of Power/Steam/Air in case of power failure.
vii) To keep the Plant Coordinator informed about time of resumption of Power in
case it fails.
viii) To ensure uninterrupted power supply to first aid, fire station, hospital, drinking
water supply & telecommunication system.
ix) To make necessary arrangement for light etc to carry out emergency activities
during night.
For Oil Spill

x) To ensure workability for Auto Telephones as well as Fire alarm system in case
of Power outage.
xi) To arrange for emergency illumination of the site of occurrence.
For Flood
xii) To salvage of all critical electrical Motors during flood.
xiii) To arrange sealing of water entry into township/site Telephone exchange.
6.8.4.7 Responsibilities & Roles of Medical Coordinator

On getting information or hearing the siren the medical coordinator will act as below:
For all six scenario

i) To activate First-Aid Centre(s): At existing site and (ii) at training centre, if
required.
ii) To reinforce manpower and emergency medicines to the First-Aid Centers.
iii) To mobilize medical team internally at Hospital.
iv) To arrange Ambulance to transfer casualties to First-Aid Centers and to the
Main Hospital
v) To maintain casualty register: Types of injury, number etc including
hospitalization and coordinate with District Civil Surgeon and Police for
completing the formalities, if any.
vi) To make emergency purchase of required drugs/medical equipment through
material Coordinator.
vii) To co-ordinate with all Hospitals in the vicinity and inform about no. of
casualties with nature of injuries and no. of beds required, etc.
6.8.4.8 Responsibilities & Roles of Security Coordinator

On getting information or hearing siren he will report to crisis control room.
For all Six Scenario
i) To arrange for Police help for control of traffic outside the refinery area.
ii) To render necessary help to plant, Fire & Safety, Medical & Engineering Co-
ordinators in Fire Fighting/ rescue and evacuation operations.
iii) To arrange to allow only authorized personnel/ Vehicles near the site of
occurrence.
iv) To arrange to regulate the traffic inside the refinery premises.
v) To arrange to evacuate all contractor personnel and trucks from inside the
refinery.
vi) To arrange to control and disperse the crowd from the scene of fire.
vii) To assist in transporting injured employees.
viii) To contact outside agencies (S.P Begusarai; Police O.P. Refinery;
Commandant, CISF, - & Commandant BMP Township for help, if required.
6.8.4.9 Responsibilities & Roles of Materials Coordinator

On getting information or by hearing siren he will rush to crisis control room at fire
station.
For Six Scenarios
i) To arrange to position staff as necessary at Central Stores, - and office for

emergency issue of materials.
ii) To monitor the stock of all fire Fighting equipments/ First Aid items to replenish
them as and when required.
iii) To arrange for emergency purchase of materials required by the coordinator.
For Flood
iv) To arrange for shifting materials, susceptible to damage in floodwater to safer

locations.
6.8.4.10 Responsibilities & Roles of Finance Coordinator

On getting information or by hearing siren, he will report to the control room at fire
station
For all Six Scenarios
i) To maintain Cash impreset of Rs.1, 00,000.00 (Rupees one lakh).

ii) To arrange to release finance to all eligible Coordinators for emergency
purchase on the advise of Chief Coordinator.
iii) To take care of insurance Formalities and assess the damage in consultation
with Technical Services.
iv) Inform customs/excise regarding nature, magnitude and type of damage in
consultation with Chief Coordinator.
6.8.5 Responsibilities of Teams

i) Repair Team will identify source of leak and arrest it, take steps to keep rest
of the plant in safe condition, arrange safe shutdown of operations if
necessary, attend to all repair jobs which are needed from emergency point
of view, take steps to contain or reduce the intensity of emergency, arrange
for additional equipment and give temporary connections as needed.
ii) Fire Fighting Team will rush to the incident spot and start fighting the fire,
maintain adequate water pressure in the fire hydrant system, arrange fire
extinguishers where needed and guide and direct outside fire fighting
agencies.
iii) Communication Team will maintain the communication network inside the
terminal, attend urgent repairs in the communication system, and arrange
messengers for conveying urgent messages when needed, help others in
their communication activities.
iv) Security Team will man all gates, with minimum delay to permit the entry of
authorized personnel and outside agencies, vehicles etc who have come to
help, bar entry of unauthorized persons, allow the ambulance etc to go
through the gates without normal checks.
v) Safety Team will rescue the casualties on priority basis, transport casualties
to first aid post, safe places, or medical centers, account the personnel,
search for missing personnel and pass information to the kith and kin of fatal
or serious casualties, arrange required safety equipment, report of status to
their leader , record of accidents, collect and preserve evidences in
connection with accident cases, arrange for transport of casualties, arrange
for transport of materials, attend to vehicle breakdowns, arrange petrol and
diesel supply and withdraw and transport materials from stores.
vi) Medical Team will arrange for first aid, arrange for stretchers, arrange for
immediate medical attention, arrange for sending the casualties to various
hospitals and nursing homes and arrange for medicines.
6.8.6 Emergency Control Centre

The Emergency Control Centre will be the focal point in case of an emergency from
where the operations to handle the emergency are directed and coordinated. It will
control site activities and should be furnished with external and internal telephone
connections, list of essential telephone numbers, list of key persons and their
addresses.
Emergency management measures in this case have been proposed to be carried

from single control Centre designated as CCR.
CCR is the place from where messages to outside agencies will be sent and mutual
aids and other helps for the management of emergency will be arranged. It will be
located in the safe area. It will be equipped with every facility for external and
internal communication. CCR will be attended by Chief Coordinator. Location: F &
S building.
6.8.7 Assembly Point

In an emergency, it will almost certainly be necessary to evacuate personnel from
affected areas and as precautionary measure, to further evacuate non-essential
workers, in the first instance, from areas likely to be affected, should the emergency
escalate. The evacuation will be effected on getting necessary message from IC.
On evacuation, employees should be directed to a predetermined safe place called
Assembly Point.
Location: Four no of Assembly Points have been earmarked in the refinerywhere all
non-key personnel should assemble on getting direction over Public Address
System.
Alternate Location: Workers Rest Room or Canteen, outdoor assembly points,

predetermined and pre-marked, will also be provided to accommodate evacuees
from affected plant area(s). Roll call of personnel collected at these assembly
points, indoor and outdoor will be carried out by roll call crew of safety team to
account for any missing person(s) and to initiate search and rescue operations, if
necessary.
6.8.8 Declaration of Emergency

An emergency may arise in the plant due to major leakage of containment or major
outbreak of fire. In case of major leak or major outbreak of fire the state of
emergency has to be declared by the concerned by sounding Emergency Siren.
Upon manual or sensor detection of a major loss of containment of volatile

hazardous substance the DMP is activated by raising an audible and visual alarm
through a network of geographically dispersed gas/vapour and heat detectors and
also "break-glass" type fire alarm call points with telephone hand sets to inform the
Central Control Room.
A separate siren audible to a distance of 5 kms range will be available for this
purpose. The alarm is coded such that the nature of emergency can be
distinguished as an emergency.
The Control Centre and Assembly points have been located at an area of the
minimum risk or vulnerability in the premises concerned, taking into account the
wind direction, areas which might be affected by fire/explosion, leakages etc.
After cessation of emergency, FSO will communicate to IC. After verification of

status, IC will communicate with SC and then announce the "All Clear" by
instructing the Fire & Safety control room to sound the "All Clear Signal".
Public address System (PAS). In case of failure of alarm system, communication

should be by telephone operator who will make announcement in the complex
through PAS. Walkie-Talkie system is very useful for communication during
emergency with predetermined codes of communication. If everything fails, a
messenger could be used for sending the information.
Two 5 km range variable pitch electric sirens (one in service and the other standby)
will generate the main alarm for the entire site as well as for the district fire
brigade. The alarm is coded such that the nature of emergency can be
distinguished Fire and Gas alarm matrices are provided at the Central Control
room, security gate, on-site fire station and main administrative office corridor to
indicate location of the site of emergency and its nature.
6.8.9 Mutual Aid

6.8.9.1 Need and Procedure
All factories may not be equipped with an exhaustive stock of equipment/ materials
required during an emergency. Further, there may be a need to augment supplies if
an emergency is prolonged.
It would be ideal to pool all resources available in and the nearby outside agencies
especially factories during an emergency, for which a formal Mutual Aid scheme
should be made among industries in the region.
6.8.9.2 Essential Elements

Essential elements of this scheme are given below :
* Mutual aid must be a written document, signed by Location In charge of all the
industries concerned.
* It should specify available quantity of materials/ equipment that can be spared (not
that which is in stock).
* Mode of requisition during an emergency.
* It should authorize the shift-in-charge to quickly deploy available material/

equipment without waiting for formalities like gate pass etc.
* It should spell out mode of payment/ replacement of material given during an

emergency.
* It should specify key personnel who are authorized to requisition materials from
other industries or who can send materials to other industries.
* It should state clearly mode of receipt of materials at the affected unit without
waiting for quantity/quality verification etc.
* Revision number and validity of agreement should be mentioned.
* This may be updated from time to time based on experience gained.
6.8.9.3 Installations in the Neighbourhood

Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation (HFC) - Not in operation at present.
Barauni Thermal Power Station (BTPS)
6.8.10 Emergency Management Training

The Key Personnel should undergo special courses on disaster management. This
may preferably be an in-plant training. The Terminal Manager, Senior Officers and
Staff should undergo a course on the use of personal protective equipment.
The Key Personnel belonging to various Teams should undergo special courses as
per their expected nature of work at the time of emergency.
The Project Authority should conduct special courses to outside agencies like
district fire services to make them familiar with the plant layout and other aspects,
which will be helpful to them during an emergency.
6.8.11 Mock Drills

i) It is imperative that the procedures laid in this Plan are put to the test by
conducting Mock Drills. To avoid any lethality, the emergency response time will
be clocked below 2 min. during the mock drill.
ii) The mock drills should be carried out step by step as stated below:
First Step: Test the effectiveness of communication system.

Second Step: Test the speed of mobilisation of the Plant emergency teams.
Third Step: Test the effectiveness of search, rescue and treatment of casualties.
Fourth Step: Test Emergency isolation and shut down and remedial measures
taken on the system.
Fifth Step: Conduct a full rehearsal of all the actions to be taken during an
emergency.
iii) The Disaster Management Plan are periodically revised based on experiences
gained from the mock drills.
6.8.12 Precautions during Transportation

As per the provisions in the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 (Rules 129, 130
and 134), every vehicle carrying the flammable goods leaving the plant will be
checked for proper display of "Class Label" and "Emergency Information Panel".
6.9 OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN

6.9.1 Objective
If the effects of the accident or disaster inside the terminal are felt outside its
premises, it calls for an off-site emergency plan, which should be prepared and
documented in advance in consultation with the District Authorities.
6.9.2 Key Personnel

Table-6.4 presents the relevant details of the Off – Site Disaster Co-Ordinators
(State Government).
The ultimate responsibility for the management of the off-site emergencies rests on
the District Magistrate/Collector. He will be assisted by representatives from all
concerned organisations, departments and services at the District level. This core
group of officers would be called the District Crisis Management Group (CMG). The
members of the group will include :
i) Collector/District Magistrate
ii) Commissioner of Police
iii) Municipal Commissioner, if municipalities are involved
iv) Deputy Director, Health
v) Pollution Control Board Representative
An Operation Response Group (ORG) will then have to be constituted to implement

the directives of the CMG.
The various government departments, some or all of which will be concerned,

depending on the nature of the emergency, could include:
1. Police
2. Health & Family Welfare
3. Medical
4. Revenue
5. Fire Service
6. Transport
7. Electricity
8. Animal Husbandry
9. Agriculture
10. Civil Defence
11. PWD
12. Civil Supplies
13. Panchayats
The SC and IC, of the on-site emergency team, will also be responsible for
communications with the CMG during the off-site emergency.
6.9.3 Education of Public

People living within the influence zone should be educated on the emergency in a
suitable manner. This can be achieved only through the Local and District
Authorities. However, necessary information can be extended to the Authorities.
6.10 AVAILABLE INFRASTRUCTURE

The following facilities/resources and team set up are available which are detailed in
Annexure.
* List of coordinators and alternate coordinators

* Address and telephone numbers of key personnel
* Contact details of outside agencies
* Communication facilities available at BR
* Fire fighting equipments available at BR
* Safety equipments available at BR
* Hospital facilities in the area
TABLE-6.4
OFF – SITE DISASTER CO-ORDINATORS (STATE GOVERNMENT)
Emergency Response & Disaster Management Plan (ERDMP)

Phone Numbers for Onsite / Offsite Disaster
District Administration
Designation Name (S/Shri) OFFICE RESIDENCE MOBILE
DM, Begusarai Rahul Kumar, IAS 06243-222285 06234-230584
OSD to DM (Rahul Barman) 9472985137
Confidential Cell DM Office 06243-230569
SP, Begusarai Aditya Kumar I.P.S 06243-223015 06243-230519 94318-00011
Dy. Development Commissioner Kanchan Kapoor 06243-222343 06243-230506 9431818370
94731-91413
Additional District Magistrate Om Prakash Prasad 06243-222940 06243-230501
9431430035
I/C District Welfare Officer Anil Kumar Sinha 9334312990
District supply Officer Ramendra Kumar 8406801040
District Transport Officer Rajeev Kumar Srivastava 9431275623
9470275064
District Disaster Management Officer Govind Chaudhary
9934227370
9470003084
Civil Surgeon, Begusarai Hari Narayan Singh 06243-215512 06243-230514
9431212227
TDM, BSNL, Begusarai Ram Krishna Singh 06243-242600 06243-242555 9431200929
District Fire Station,Begusarai Haldar Prasad Mandal 06243-223133, 101 7485805945
Police
Refinery Police Station SHO ( Sh. Kumar Sunny) 5290 (I-Com) 9304359771
06243 - 100
Begusarai Thana
06243-222819
Statutory Bodies
Factory Inspector Begusarai Surendra Kumar 8789609456
Chief Inspector of Factories, Patna Dr. Rajkeshwar Kumar 0612-2282092 9334338179
Amlendu Kumar, PS to CIF 0612-2282092 9798756845
Chief Secretary, Patna A.K. Singh, IAS 0612-2215804 0612-2217076 94731-91193
0612-2281250
Member Secretary, BSPCB, Patna Alok Kumar, IFS 97714-23957
0612-2282265
Regional Controller of Explosives, Patna 0612-2565914
Joint controller of Explosive, Kolkata 033-22489524
Chief Controller of Explosive, Nagpur 0712-2512626
RHQ
Director (Refineries) B V Ramagopal 011-24365000 011-40113427 9412280092
ED (Operation) S M Vaidya 011-24321050 9416202661
ED (HSE) K Bora 011-24362658 011-4399863 8588800204
CGM (HSE) A K Chakravorty 011-24367696 011-24333187 9953517223
OVER ALL COORDINATOR: Shri K K Jain, ED
ALTERNATE: ED (officiating)
CHIEF INCIDENT COORDINATOR: Shri L N Prasad, CGM (T) I/C
2
ALTERNATE-1: Shri R K Jha, CGM (T)
ALTERNATE-2: Shri Samiran Sarkar, CGM (PJ) I/C
•Shri M A Choudhary, GM (PN)

(SITE INCIDENT COORDINATOR)* 1 •Alt-1: Shri V S Bhalotia, DGM (PN)
• Alt-2: Shri S K Sarkar, DGM (PN-Offsite)
•Shri K K Jha, DGM (F&S)

FIRE & SAFETY COORDINATOR 1 •Alt-1: Shri Ajit Narayan, CM (F&S)
•Alt-2: Shri Mridul Sinha, M (F&S)
•Shri A P Kumar, GM (MN)

REPAIR & MAINT. COORDINATOR 1 •Alt-1: Shri D H Rao, DGM (MN)
•Alt-2: Shri Prakash Kumar, CMNM
POWER & UTILITIES •Shri T P Mishra, GM (P&U, Inst)

2 •Alt-1: Shri S K Sinha, DGM (P&U)
COORDINATOR
• Alt-2: Shri Ajit Kumar, SPUM
COMMN. & ELEC. MAINT •Shri Ajay Singh, DGM (EL)

2 •Alt-1: Shri C P Ekka, CMNM (EL)
COORDINATOR
•Alt-2: Shri Suman Kumar, SMNM-EL
SECURITY & TRAFFIC CONTROL •Shri Arvind Kumar Singh, DC, CISF
1 •Alt-1: Shri S K Rai, Inspector, CISF
COORDINATOR •Alt-2: Shri Qamar Shakil, Inspector, CISF
•Shri B B Barua, CGM (PJ)

RESCUE & EVACUATION COORDINATOR 1 •Alt-1: Shri P K Bordoloi, GM (PJ)
•Alt-2: Shri R G Baruah, GM (PJ)
HUMAN RESOURCE, WELFARE •Shri Manas Bora, CGM (HR)

2 •Alt-1: Shri P K Sinha, GM (HR)
& MEDIA COORDINATOR •Alt-2: Shri K Basumatary, DGM (HR)
•Shri Samir Sahai, GM (MAT & CC)

MATERIALS COORDINATOR 2 •Alt-1: Shri V K Vipparti, DGM (MAT)
•Alt-2: Shri R Venkatesh, SMTM
•Shri S. Behera, GM (F)

FINANCE COORDINATOR 2 •Alt-1: Shri R K Jha, DGM (F)
•Alt-2: Shri A K Sutar, DGM (F)
•Shri Vijay Kachhap, CM (A&W I/C)
TRANSPORT COORDINATOR 2 •Alt-1: Shri S K Tripathi, M (A&W)
•Alt-2: Shri Sheerish Tiwari, ERO
•Dr. D K Das, DGM (Med)
MEDICAL COORDINATOR 3 •Alt-1: Dr. Prabhat Kumar, ACMO
•Alt-2: Dr. R Talukdar, ACMO
Position of Coordinators
1 At Incident Site 2 At Disaster C/R 3At Township Hospital
* During odd hours, the Refinery Shift Manager (RSM) shall act as Incident Coordinator till Site
Incident Coordinator [GM (PN)] / Alternate Site Incident Coordinator DGM (PN) arrives at the site.
Shri Biplob Biswas, GM (TS & HSE)
Alt-1: Shri K Subash, DGM (TS)
Alt-2: Shri N Dewangan, CTSM
(Refinery Operation Related Issues)
ADVISERS Shri B Sarkar, GM (ES & IP)

2 Alt-1: Shri S K Sarkar, DGM (ES)
to
Alt-2: Shri S K Yadav, DGM (IP)
CHIEF INCIDENT
(Repair, Modification & Maint issues)
COORDINATOR
Shri A. M. Shaikh, DGM (HSE)
Alt-1: Shri B. Gogoi, CM (HSE)
Alt-2: Shri Navneet Kumar, STSM (HSE)
(Communication with SPCB, MoE&F & Environment
& Safety related issues)
Position of Coordinators
1 At Incident Site 2 At Disaster C/R 3 At Township Hospital
Note :
1. In case of two contingencies simultaneously:
CGM (T) will act as Chief Incident Coordinator (CIC) for second contingency. Alternate Disaster Coordinators shall respond for
second contingency and Disaster control room shall be common for both the contingencies.
2. In absence of Main Disaster Coordinators, alternate Disaster Coordinators shall work as main coordinator and if he is also not
available, the third line of successors (Alternate-2) coordinator will report for the same.
FIGURE-6.5
ORGANOGRAM (ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN)
Assembly Point Coordinators
Sl. No. Assembly Point Main Coordinator (S/Shri) Alternate-1 (S/Shri) Alternate-2 (S/Shri)
In front of OM&S S Laha Birendra Prasad P L Yadav
1.
building SPNM SPNM PNM
Southern Side of Keshav Chandra Daimary S K Solanki Ashim Kumar Deka
2.
Canteen DGM (MS, T&D) DGM (IS) SM (IS)
South West corner of R K Ghosh Rohit Kumar L P Chintey
3.
Rd. No. 1 & 2 SPUM MTM SPUM
In front of BXP Control J S Chundawat B K Ray Avinash Kumar
4.
Room SITM MNMML ITM
Radheyshyam J N Desai Mrityunjay Kumar Ranjan
5. In front of RSM building
CMNMCL SPNM ITM
Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at C7 - 1
CHAPTER-7.0
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
PROGRAMME
7.1 NEED FOR MONITORING

It is imperative that the Project Authorities set up regular monitoring stations to assess the
ambient levels in relevant areas of environment after the commissioning of the project. An
environmental monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information on the
following aspects:
i) It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.

ii) It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations,
and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures.
The monitoring programme in different areas of environment, outlined in the next few sections,
has been based on the findings of the impact assessment studies, described earlier.
7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

Monitoring of the following aspects is important to keep a constant check on the
environmental performance of the project and also the environmental quality of the area.
 Ambient Air Quality

 Stack Emission
 Work zone Air quality
 Fugitive Emission
 Ground Water Quality
 Wastewater Quality
 Noise Level
 Sludge Quality
 Plantation Condition
 Periodic Preventive Maintenance
 Occupational Health & Safety Monitoring
 Fire Safety Monitoring
7.3 RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS

7.3.1 Meteorology
Meteorology forms one of the important categories of environment in the area as it directly
controls the levels of air quality parameters particularly wind speed and direction. As such, a
7.0 Environmental Monitoring Programme Envirotech East Pvt Ltd

meteorological observatory of continuous recording type is already set up at a suitable location

within the plant for monitoring of relevant parameters. The observatory includes equipment for
monitoring of temperature, wind speed and wind direction and relative humidity. The same will
continue for the proposed project also.
7.3.2 Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring of ambient air quality should be carried out on a regular basis to ascertain the levels
of harmful pollutants in the atmosphere, as air quality could represent one of the worst affected
environmental disciplines due to the plant operations.
Ambient air quality is being monitored inside the plant at 4 stations and at the township at 1
location with the frequency of twice in a week. All parameters as per MoEF&CC notification
dated 16th November 2009 are monitored at these locations. This will continue in future also after
the implementation of proposed project.
Besides, three nos of continuous air quality monitoring station have been established at Barauni
Refinery (BR). The continuous ambient air quality station data of the refinery has been linked
with CPCB server for transmission of real time ambient air quality results of BR at CPCB
website.
7.3.3 Stack Emissions

Stack emissions should also be monitored, particularly to ascertain that emissions are within the
stipulated level. Sampling techniques appropriate for stack monitoring should be employed with
the monitoring being undertaken during operation at peak load with the frequency of once in a
month.
Continuous on-line stack monitoring analysers for the measurement of SO2, NOx, CO and PM
emissions have been installed at all major stacks of Barauni Refinery for continuous monitoring
of emission level. The same practice will be adopted in the proposed project also.
Besides, the existing stacks are monitored by the third party for the parameters SO2, NOx,
particulates, nickel & vanadium with the frequency of once in a month (nickel & vanadium once
in two months). The same practice shall be adopted for the new stacks also.
7.3.4 Fugitive Emission

Fugitive Emission Monitoring for Hydrocarbons is conducted at around 10 thousand (10000)
locations inside the plant with a frequency of every three (3) months. The same will be further
extended to more locations after the implementation of the proposed project.
7.3.5 Liquid Effluents

Treated effluent is monitored and analysed on daily basis for the MINAS parameters. In the
existing refinery operation, there is no discharge of any waste water outside the plant except
during heavy rainfall, when excess surface run off may have to be allowed to flow into Refinery
owned pit (Burrow Pit) adjacent to refinery premise in the West.. This will continue in future
also after the implementation of the proposed project.
7.3.6 Ground Water Quality

To assess the ground water quality, around the refinery, monitoring is conducted at twelve (12)
locations on monthly basis.
7.3.7 Sludge Analysis

Oily sludge and bio sludge are monitored for several physical and chemical parameters with
the frequency of every four (4) months.
7.3.8 Noise Levels

Ambient noise levels should be monitored within the plant at a frequency of once every season
for one year, in order to compare the existing noise levels with the stipulated limits specified in
the Gazzette Notification of December, 1989.
Noise monitoring is being conducted at 40 (forty) locations inside and outside the refinery with
a frequency of every six (6) months.
Periodic Preventive Maintenance

All instruments installed or used for monitoring and recording of working environment
parameters shall be regularly tested and calibrated, and the respective records maintained.
7.4 PLANTATION
The project authority will have trained people to look after and record the conditions of tree
plantation and greening of the project area. Monitoring will be continuous up to 3 years so that
desired growth of plants and trees is attained.
7.5 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY MONITORING

Occupational health and safety monitoring programs shall verify the effectiveness of
prevention and control strategies. The selected indicators shall be representative of the most
significant occupational, health, and safety hazards, and the implementation of prevention and
control strategies. The performance and achievements of the OHSMS responsible for all
management of all environments, Health & Safety aspects shall be re-assessed on annual
basis. The occupational health and safety monitoring program shall include safety inspection,
testing and calibration. Project authority and all manufacturing units shall carryout inspection
and testing of all safety features and hazard control measures for plant operation. This shall
include regular inspection and testing of all safety features and hazard control measures
focusing on engineering and personal protective features, work procedures, places of work,
installations, equipment, and tools used. The inspection shall verify that issued personal
protective equipment (PPE) continues to provide adequate protection and is being worn as
required.
7.6 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

There are a number of regulatory requirements applicable to the activities being planned.
These regulations are to be reviewed at quarterly intervals.
TABLE-7.1: APPLICABLE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
S. Applicable Legislation / Action Required /

Requirement
No. Rule Timing of Action
/ Permit
Environmental Clearance as A general permit
Before
per the EIA Notification to establish
1 commencement of
dated 14 Sept 2006 and
th
facility
the project
amended till date
NOC to be applied
Consent to Establish/ NOC A general permit
2 before
from the SPCB to establish
commencement of
facility
the project
A general permit to
On completion of
undertake plant
License from the Directorate detailed plant layout
activities from a
3 of Industrial Safety & and prior to
safety and
Health commencement of
occupational health
/ Factory Inspectorate operations.
viewpoint.
Application to be filed
Permit to discharge
Consent under the Air Act with the SPCB once
4 air emissions from
from the SPCB the NOC is obtained
the stacks
after the
commencement of the
project

S. Applicable Legislation / Action Required /

Rule Requirement
No. / Permit Timing of Action
Permit to discharge with the SPCB once
Consent under the Water Act wastewater resulting
5 the NOC is obtained
from the SPCB from the project after the
activities commencement of the
project
Authorization to generate, with the SPCB once
Permit to generate
transport and dispose the NOC is obtained
6 and dispose
hazardous wastes from the after the
hazardous wastes
SPCB commencement of the
project
Insurance under PLI
The Public Liability Act, 1991 Insurance to be taken
7 covers the project
(PLI) out
under consideration
Identify whether Local
Chemical Accidents Preparation of
or District Level Crisis
(Emergency Planning, Local/District Level
8 Groups exist at site
Preparedness and Crisis groups, for
and take proactive part
Response) Rules, 1996 management of offsite
in preparing Offsite
emergencies.
DMP.
Factory License from the
A basic safety license Application prior to
9 DISH (Department of
to run the Factory construction
Industrial Safety Health)
Environmental Monitoring Programme Envirotech East Pvt. Limited

CHAPTER-8.0
ENVIRONMENT
MANAGEMENT PLAN
8.0 INTRODUCTION
Environmental Management Plan is aimed at mitigating the possible adverse
impact of the project and key to ensure that the environmental quality of the
area will not deteriorate beyond the expected level due to the commissioning
of the proposed project. The management plan, therefore, covers all aspects
of the construction and operation of the proposed project, related to
environment.
The management plan needs to be implemented right from the conception

and should continue till the end. The Environmental Management Plan can
be divided into three phases - (a) During design phase, (b) During
constructional phase, and (c) During operational phase.
Barauni Refinery has a full-fledged Environmental Management System right

from the inception of the refinery. For its endeavour for continual environment
improvement through the adoption of advanced technologies in compatibility
with the international standards, it has been accredited with the prestigious
ISO-14001 certification.
8.1 DURING DESIGN

Design Safety and Environmental Plan
Preparation
The Design Safety Plan shall be prepared by the EPCC Contractor at
commencement of the Project.
The Design Safety Plan shall include following as minimum requirements:

 The principal safety activities;
 Those responsible for executing them;
 When they should be performed to ensure that any conclusions can be
incorporated with no or minimum, adverse impact on the Engineering,
Procurement Construction & Commissioning programme;
 The Design Safety Plan shall include, as appropriate, the followings:
 Safety objectives in terms of risk reduction, loss reduction,
minimisation of environmental impact.
 List of National/ International, Statutory, Legislative and Client
requirements including relevant Codes.
Standards, Statutory Instruments

 List of safety reviews to be undertaken.
 Safety review/ audit requirements
8.0 Environmental Management Plan Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

 Schedules of discharges to air and water and solids for disposal

 Statutory regulations and codes giving limitations and procedures to be
followed to obtain statutory authority consent to applications for discharge.
8.2 DURING CONSTRUCTION

General
The contractor shall submit his HSE (Health, Safety & Environment) Plan to
Barauni Refinery for review and approval. The Plan shall not be limited to,
but, in general, shall include the following items:
Traffic Safety
 Vehicle shall not exceed the speed limit of 25 Km/hr inside the plant
premises.
 All vehicles shall be maintained in safe & roadworthy condition.
 The contractor shall avoid traffic congestion and abide by the traffic rules
by deploying trained and licensed drivers.
Fuel and Sanitation

 The project management shall take adequate steps to ensure suitable
sanitary facilities for the workers. These facilities include water supply,
sanitary toilets and waste treatment etc. Otherwise, the local land and
water courses may get polluted.
 Contractors shall arrange the supply of fuel to the construction workers so
that the local trees are not felled to meet the fuel requirement. The
Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000 also
prohibits the burning of leaves.
Handling & Storage of Hazardous Chemicals

 Hazardous chemicals/materials like oils, paints, and other chemicals etc.
which are hazardous in nature shall be stored safely.
 Contractors shall enlist all chemicals on stock at the Construction Site
including details:
 the type of the chemicals
 the quantity
 the composition
 health hazards
 the method of treatment in case of exposure
 safety precautions
Emission & Noise Control

 During construction, the contractor shall take adequate measures (e.g.
water spraying) to avoid dust emissions.
 The contractor shall ensure proper upkeep of the construction equipment
to avoid smoke emissions from the same.
 Construction material/ debris shall be transported with proper cover to
avoid the fugitive emissions of dust.
 The equipment shall comply with the Statutory limit of 85 dB(A) (at 1 m.
from the source).

Waste Collection & Disposal

 Waste has been categorized as: wood, metal, chemicals, paper, plastic
etc.
 The impact of waste shall be reduced through segregated collection.
 Besides, during mobilization, construction, demobilization and
commissioning of the project, the contractor shall minimize the waste
burden through proper material selection.
 The Contractor shall provide sufficient number of metal containers on-site
to store trash and debris resulting from their operations. The Safety
Engineer, deputed by the contractor is responsible to monitor it at site.
 No waste, regardless of composition, shall be drained to sewers,
trenches, ditches or channels.
 Hazardous waste disposed off during the construction activities shall be
registered in a Waste Log by the contractor. Waste shall be stored in such
a way that it is not accessible to unauthorized persons.
 Waste handling shall be in compliance with applicable Legislation.
Personal Safety
 The contractor shall provide his workers with Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) (e.g. Dust Mask, Ear Plug/ Muff, Hand Gloves etc.).
 The contractor shall maintain First-aid Facility at the site & also an
ambulance for proper medical care of his workers.
Review of Contractor’s HSE performance

 The Contractor shall submit the HSE performance periodically to Barauni
Refinery.
 Based on the review by Barauni Refinery, the contractor shall make
suitable changes in the plan and take corrective & preventive actions.
8.3 DURING OPERATION

Environment Conscious Design
The process design of the refinery has given special importance to maintain
the quality of environment during operationafter the expansion of Barauni
Refinery from current installed capacity of 6.0 MMTPA to 9.0 MMTPA along-
with production of Petrochemical products.
There will be additional 9 stacks after the implementation of BR-9 project.

The major pollutants, to be emitted are SO2, NOx & PM. The existing ETP &
TTP will be used for treating the effluent, generated from the proposed units.
purposes. There will be no discharge of any effluent outside the plant
premises except during heavy rainfall, when excess surface run off may have
to be allowed to flow into Refinery owned pit (Burrow Pit) adjacent to refinery
premise in the West. Additional catalyst, to be generated from the proposed
project shall be stored in drums/bags and shall be subsequently disposed off
through the authorised recyclers, as per the existing practice.

No major process vents and fugitive emissions are envisaged from proposed
project. However, the currently adopted plant wide Leak Detection and
Repair Program will be extended to control fugitive VOC emissions, thereby
achieving the emission standards.
Major noise generating sources from the project will be equipment like
compressors, fans, motors etc. However, they will be designed so as to limit
the noise levels to <85 dB(A) at 1 m from the equipment thereby limiting the
noise level within the specified limit as per MoEF&CC guidelines for 2018.
Barauni Refinery has a full-fledged environment protection cell and a well

equipped pollution control laboratory established back in 1975. The
laboratory has received accreditation from M/S NABL.
Barauni Refinery has taken various mitigation/ environmental friendly

measures in its existing operation, which are highlighted below:
1. Barauni Refinery has adopted various measures for control of gaseous

emissions. These include:
 Use of low-sulphur fuel oil.

 Desulphurization of refinery fuel gas with Amine Treatment Units.
 Installation of low NO x burners in all the furnaces and boilers
 Tall stacks for better dispersion of flue gases.
 Online monitoring of SOx, NOx, CO and PM emissions from
furnaces/boilers.
 Installation of Sulfur Recovery units.
 Installation of sour water stripper for removal of dissolved H 2S from
sour water.
 Installation of Flue Gas Scrubbing Unit in FCC plant for removal of
SO2/SO3 and particulate matter from flue gas. In fact, only two
refineries of India including Barauni Refinery has chosen to install this
particular system for significant reduction of gaseous emissions from
their FCC units.
 Regular LDAR survey covering the whole refinery. Monitoring for
Hydrocarbons is conducted at around ten thousand (10000) locations
inside the plant with a frequency of every three (3) months.
 Monitoring of ambient air quality as per revised MoEF&CC standards
at five ambient air monitoring stations installed in refinery premises (4
nos.) and township (1 nos.).
 Installation of floating roof with double seals in all Class-A tanks for
reduction of fugitive emissions.

 Provision of mechanical seals in all the hydrocarbon pumps for

reduction of fugitive emissions.
 TPM implementation for reduction of hydrocarbon losses and to attain
zero leakage status.
 Advanced process control systems and extensive energy conservation
measures including CDM projects to reduce its GHG footprint.
2. Energy Conservation Measures

There has been continuous thrust on the reduction of energy usage by
means of adopting various energy conservation (ENCON) measures.
ENCON is an ongoing process and plans have been formulated to
achieve a further saving in the coming years. In addition to these
measures, monitoring of furnace operations, insulation survey of furnaces
and hotlines and audits by internal and external teams are carried out in
periodic manner to improve the performance which helps in reducing
emissions. The refinery has upgraded efficiency of its furnaces and
boilers from (65-70)% in the early sixties to over (88 – 92)%, thereby
bringing down energy consumption.
3. Loss Control/Resource Conservation Measures

Similar to ENCON, there is a constant thrust on loss control and resource
conservation measures.
There has been considerable reduction in Fresh Water consumption by

diverting once through cooling water to circulating water system in various
units.
Treated effluent is reused for fire water, cooling tower make up, coke
cutting purposes, horticulture, green belt development and also in Eco
ponds where adequate life flourishes.
4. Crude Movement by Pipeline

Since the crude oil supply to Barauni Refinery will continue through the
pipeline the refinery operations after the new projects (at 9.0 MMTPA) will
not have any impact on the surrounding environment. Transportation of
crude by means of cross-country pipeline is the most environment friendly
and economical option.
5. Management of Oily Sludge

Oily sludge is generated mainly during cleaning of storage tanks and from
ETP. It is processed by “Mechanized Skid Process” for recovery of 90-
95% oil from oily sludge and generation of minimum quantity of residual
oily sludge. Mechanical extraction method uses solvent & steam heating
and then oily sludge is processed in a plant equipped with centrifuge in
order to recover maximum possible oil and water. The sludge is broken

down into water, oil and base sediments. Water is drained into ETP for
further treatment while the recovered oil is pumped into slop oil tanks for
reprocessing in the refinery. The base sediment (residual oily sludge) in
solid state has an oil content of around 3-8%wt and is disposed through
bioremediation facility inside the refinery.
6. BR is maintaining the highest standards in respect of safety, environment

protection and occupational health at all production units.
7. To achieve reduction of wastes and releases, preference is given first to
source reduction, second to recycle / reuse and third to treatment and
thereby maintaining effluent and emission standards within the
permissible limit and legislative requirements.
8. BR has developed a beautiful world class ecological park in 1996, where
flora and fauna, and aquatic life thrives on treated effluent water.
9. Environmental Management System matching with International
Standards has earned Barauni Refinery the “ISO-14001 accreditation” on
21st May 1997 and Occupational Health & Safety Assessment Series
(OHSAS-18001) in April 1999. Barauni Refinery has been maintaining
these standards since then.
10. Barauni Refinery has also been awarded “ISO-14064 accreditation- GHG
accounting & verification” in 2011.
11. BR commitment towards environment protection is not merely limited to
the compliance of the prescribed environmental standards. Rather,
sustained efforts are consistently made to further improve upon the
statutory standards by incorporating new state-of-the-art technologies and
improving the existing facilities.
12. Many secondary processing units have been commissioned at BR in last
10 years for production of techno-economically viable and environment-
friendly fuels.
13. A LED electronic board has been installed at refinery main entrance gate
to display the major environmental parameters of BR.
14. The continuous ambient air quality station data of BR has been linked with
CPCB server for transmission of real time ambient air quality results of BR
at CPCB website.
15. A full-fledged Occupational Health Centre (OHC) already exists for work
environment monitoring & health monitoring of employees.
16. The On-site & Off-site Emergency Preparedness Plans already exist.
17. A number of training programs / lectures to promote environment and
energy conservation awareness among refinery employees are conducted
round the year. Further, to create environment and energy conservation
awareness among employees, contract workers, drivers, children and
general public including housewives, various other events and activities
are undertaken.

18. Barauni Refinery also celebrates Oil and Gas Conservation fortnight every
year in month of January and a weeklong environment awareness
campaigns every year during World Environment day, 5th June.
8.4 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

In line with IndianOil’s responsibility towards the society, Barauni Refinery
has been undertaking various Community Development activities since very
long for the welfare and upliftment of surrounding areas. The CSR agenda of
the Refinery are related to Skill Development, Employment Support, Women
Empowerment, Human Health, Education Support, Agriculture etc. Initiatives
taken under these heads are participative in nature with community
participation in a partnership model for ensuring sustainable development of
the community.
In its endeavour to fulfil its commitment in promoting numerous such

activities, it has identified specific areas, to be covered along with the
budgetary allocation.
Barauni Refinery has already spent Rs. 613.57 lacs in undertaking various
CSR activities in the year 2017-18 and has allocated around Rs. 515 lacs
towards undertaking the following new CSR projects for the year 2018-19:
Sl. Activities Amount

No. (in lacs)
1 Barauni Refinery Swasthya Paricharika Prashikshan Yojana 5.00
2 Health Check Up camp for women & children in nearby Nine villages of
15.00
BR
3 Provision of Desk Benches in schools in nearby village schools around
40.00
BR
4 Scholarship Scheme - Barauni Refinery Shri Krishna Singh Chhatravritti
20.00
Yojana
5 Scholarship Scheme - Barauni Refinery Dinkar Uchch Shiksha Sahayata
20.00
Yojana
6 Provision of Solar Lanterns to BPL Family in nearby Panchayats of
20.00
Barauni Refinery (For about 2500 families)
7 Provision of Artificial Limbs to Divyangjans at Begusarai District 35.00
8 Installation & Setting up of RO Plants of capacity 500 LPH in 04(four)
villages in nearby areas of Barauni Refinery (Devna / Mahna / Bihat / 45.00
Rachiyahi)
9 Providing Infrastructure facilities in schools & other educational institutes
20.00
in nearby villages of Barauni Refinery
10 Barauni Refinery - Kaushal Vikas Kendra : Women Centric Projects 15.00
11 Project for Distribution of sewing machines to women for self-
10.00
employment generation in nearby villages of Barauni Refinery
12 Flood Relief Shed in Rachiyahi Village 20.00
13 Project for benefit of armed forces veterans 10.00
14 Project related to rural sports 20.00
15 Construction of Toilet in Refinery Police O.P. 20.00
16 Provision of Community Toilets in nearby villages-Mosadpur 15.00

17 Provision of Community Toilets in nearby villages-Rachiyahi 15.00

18 Provision of Community Toilets in nearby villages-Itwa 15.00
19 Provision of Community Toilets in nearby villages-Mahna 15.00
20 Construction of Toilet Blocks in Utkramit Urdu Madhya Vidyalaya-
20.00
Dhabauli
21 Construction of Toilet Blocks in Utkramit Madhya Vidyalaya-Nayatola
20.00
Bajitpur
22 Construction of Toilet Blocks in Utkramit Madhya Vidyalaya-Teesri Khunt 20.00
23 Construction of Toilet Blocks in Utkramit Prathmik Vidyalaya-Bariyaarpur 20.00
24 Construction of Toilet Blocks in Rakyakrit Mahatma Gandhi Uchch
20.00
Vidyalaya - Bihat
25 Construction of Toilet Blocks in Ram Charitra Singh Smarak College
20.00
Bihat
26 Construction of Toilet Blocks in Harihar Bhushan Library Chakballi 20.00
Total 515.00
Details of some of the flagship CSR activity undertaken at Barauni

Refinery for the year 2017-18 is given below:
1. Barauni Refinery Skill Development Centre (बबबबब बबबबबबबब बबबब बबबबब

बबबबबब )was started on 6th March-2017 for imparting skill training to the
unemployed youth of Begusarai District in Plumbing, Masonary, Welding, Fitter &
Electrician trades. Total of 400 people were trained as per the guidelines of Ministry
of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Govt. Of India. The set-up was started in
collaboration with ‘National Skill Development Corporation.’ 368 out of 400
candidates successfully completed the course and were placed in their respective
industries with getting employments and are now living their life with head held high.
The project was concluded on 09.12.2017 with distribution of certificates to all the
successful candidates. Total cost incurred on the project was Rs 46.28 Lacs. This
initiative of Barauni Refinery, as per the guidelines of Skill India Mission, is now
replicated in the other refineries of IndianOil. Barauni Refinery is also planning to
start a second phase of this Skill Development Project with a target to again provide
skill training to 350 candidates with 70 people each in Plumbing, Masonary,
Welding, Fitter & Electrician trades.
2. The project for installation of RO plants (Capacity 500 LPH) in 4 villages was
completed in Papraur, Mosadpur, Jemra & Bathauli villages with a total cost
of Rs 38.42 Lacs. All these were handed over to the respective gram
panchayats and are being run smoothly by the villagers. A total of more than
20 thousand population is benifited from this project. This facility has helped
the people a lot and solved their problems of not having access to clean
drinking water facility. We are also planning to extend such facilities in four
more villages of Govindpur, Harpur, Nurpur & Sabaura. The estimated cost of
these four plants will again be in tune of about Rs 40 Lacs and will benefit
about 15 thousand of population in these villages.
3. The scholarship schemes for poor but meritorious students were continued
this year. The number of beneficiary students for class 10th pass under the
‘Barauni Refinery Shri Krishna Singh Chhatravritti Yojana’ was increased

from 10 Boys 10 Girls from last year to 20 Boys & 20 Girls in this year. Total
of 58 students benefited this year under this scholarship and an amount of Rs
14.50 Lacs was provided for these students for continuing their studies.
Scholarship schemes for poor students passing class 12th and pursuing
higher education was also continued this year under "Barauni Refinery Dinkar
Uchch Shiksha Sahayata Yojana". The number of beneficiaries was
increased from 10 last year to 14 this year and a total of Rs 16.00 Lacs was
provided to these poor but meritorious students to take up their
undergraduate courses.
Total of Rs 30.50 Lacs to 72 students were provided under the two
scholarship schemes of Barauni Refinery this year.
4. 3-Girls qualified for ANM course this year and they are being supported for
their education by Barauni Refinery. Currently, a total of 6 Girl Students are
getting education in the Tripolia Social Service School of Nursing and
Barauni Refinery has provided Rs 4.71 Lacs for their education, fooding &
hostel expenses under the ‘Barauni Refinery Swasthya Paricharika
Prashikshan Yojana’ in this fiscal year.
5. Indian Oil Gyanodaya Scholarship Scheme : This scholarship scheme targets

meritorious students from Polytechnic & ITI colleges. Under this scheme 188
students were selected from two Polytechnic & two ITI Institutes which
included Govt Polytechnic Barauni Begusarai, K N S Govt Polytechnic
Samastipur, ITI Begusarai & ITI Teghra institutes. We have provisioned a
monthly scholarship of Rs 1000/- to each students which shall be provided to
their bank account directly. Barauni Refinery will spend about Rs 11.28 Lacs
on this scholarship scheme during this financial year.
6. We are also planning to distribute Solar Lanterns to 1250 BPL families in

Keshave, Mosadpur, Rachiyahi, Mahna & Nurpur Panchayat for benefit of the
poor families. Expenditure of about Rs 19.00 Lacs will be incurred on this
project.
7. An initiative is taken up by Barauni Refinery to provide Artificial Limbs, Aids &

assistive devices to the Divyangjans of Begusarai District. This will help those
people with disabilities who do not have any access to such facilities. For this
project, we have signed an agreement with 'Artificial Limbs Manufacturing
Corporation of India (ALIMCO) ' and it is planned to complete this project by
March-2018 with a cost of about Rs 19.00 Lacs. This will benefit about 250 to
300 Divyangjans in Begusarai District.
8. Dual Desk Bench Projects : As done in previous years, Barauni Refinery is

planning to provide about 980 dual desk benches to 11 govt schools in
nearby areas of Barauni Refinery with a total cost of Rs 34.10 Lacs. This will
again benefit about 2000 students who have to attend schools without proper
seating arrangements in their class rooms.

8.5 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY

As per Office Memorandum of MoEF&CC dated 1 st May, 2018, funds to the
extent of Rs. 20.72 Crores i.e., 0.25% of total project cost (8287 Crores) has
been earmarked for investment under Corporate Environment Responsibility.
This fund will be utilized over a period of 5 years in the areas, as already
identified by Barauni Refinery, which also covers the areas, based on the
issues raised during public hearing and are mentioned above in Section 8.4.
8.6 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

A comprehensive green belt development plan was prepared for the refinery
in consultation with eminent ecologist Dr D N Rao and consequently, a large
number of trees were planted inside the refinery premises to enhance the
aesthetic look of the refinery as well as to serve the purpose of a pollution
sink. Utmost priority is given to the Tree plantation activity, which is
undertaken on a regular basis both inside the refinery premises and in
township.
Over 1,25,000 trees have been planted in the Refinery and Township. The
list of the species planted are given below:
Arjun, Leechi, Ashok, Neem, Menishri, Gulmohar, Karang, Peepal, Bargad,

Amaltash, Mahaneem, Sagwaan, Gular, Sharifa, Pakor, Papaya, Jungle
Jilebi, Lemon, Jhau, Coconut, Bottle Brush, Arkesia, Maulshri, Seesham,
Copper pod.
In addition to above, to improve aesthetic look, lawns and flower beds are
developed in Refinery and Township in the proximately of Offices, Workshop,
Laboratory, Hospital, Community Centre, School etc.
Till date, 230.58 acres are covered under tree plantation in the refinery and
township areas.
Total plot area of the refinery 887.83 acres

including BTP
Green belt area in Refinery 148.39 acres
Green belt area in Refinery Township 82.19 acres
Total green belt area 230.58 acres
In view of unavailability of space within the refinery premises, scope for

extensive tree plantation is limited. However, tree plantation is being taken up
both in refinery and township at available spaces. 1627 nos of trees were
planted during the year 2015-16 and 5000 nos of tree plantations have been
done during 2016-17 covering 5 acres approx. Further 5000 nos of tree
plantation is planned for year 2018-19.
Barauni Refinery has a beautiful ecological park developed with its inhouse
expertise and resources where flora and fauna and aquatic life are thriving on

treated effluent. This park symbolizes the harmony between industry and
environment and infact is manifestation of all the green activities in the
refinery has undertaken in the field of environment protection.
Spread over an area of 75 acres, its lush green lawns, a large variety of trees
and shrubs, pretty flowers and lot of fresh air- all these asserting fact that in
Barauni Refinery, industrial environment is in perfect harmony with nature.
Efforts have been made to go far beyond the obvious in environment

protection. Even scrap material of refinery is innovatively used to beautify the
park.
The eco- pond of park attracts hundreds and thousands of migratory birds in
every winter. These ponds are full of aquatic vegetation.
A large variety of fruit bearing and herbal plants along with 31 varieties of
roses are the proud possession of this park with rabbits, ducks, wild cats,
mongoose, snakes and jackals roaming around with free abandon. The park is
always studded with variety of seasonal flowers and the flora and fauna draw
their sustenance from the treated effluent – which always meets and exceeds
the quality standards sets as MINAS (Minimal National Standards). The
outstanding features of this unique Ecological park have been applauded and
appreciated by various dignitaries, distinguished visitors and media as well.
Ecological Park- A live testimony
8.7 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

Crude oil refining involves storage, handling and use of several chemicals.
These may be raw materials; the chemicals needed for utilities like water
treatment, wastewater treatment, power generation etc. The products are
also a new group of chemicals. Some of these chemicals are very important
for safety of the employees and for the plant. Besides the safety, the
employees’ health status is also important which may be affected due to
exposure to these chemicals. The exposures may be sudden and accidental
or may be for a long period. In both these cases, there will be different health
effects. Therefore, safety measures in dealing with these chemicals are of
vital importance.
The health and safety aspects of the important toxic & chemicals are
discussed below:
8.7.1 HEALTH & SAFETY ASPECTS OF HAZARDOUS & TOXIC CHEMICALS

Respective MSDS should be made available at the site, which should be
followed for safe handling & storage of chemicals.
Safety Procedures
All chemicals are poisonous. It is the dose of a particular and/ or the route of
entry, which determines the severity of poisoning. The Manufacture, Storage
and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules 1989, notified by the Ministry of
Environment, Forest and Climate Change have listed 436 chemicals, which
may lead to poisoning depending on dose and route exposures. Such
chemicals are used in this plant. The safety procedures to be taken when
exposed to these chemicals are discussed below.
8.7.2 BRIEF OUTLINE ON HUMAN RESPONSE TO CHEMICAL EXPOSURE

AND THEIR SYMPTOMS, FIRST AID AND TREATMENT
Handling of hazardous chemicals involves risks to workers as they are
constantly exposed to these chemicals during various operations and
storages. In the event of an accident, not only the workers, but also the
general public can be exposed to dangers. The problem of medical treatment
of the victims is aggravated by the fact that there is paucity of information on
the antidotes required for these chemicals. For detailed information on
Hazardous Chemicals and their symptoms on exposure along with First-aid
and further treatment, “Handbook on Medical Management of Industrial
Emergencies, their First aid & Treatment”, published by Thane – Belapur
Industries Association, Mumbai may be referred.
Symptoms
The strong acids exert primarily a local corrosive effect on the skin and
mucous membranes. In severe burns, circulatory collapse may result.
Symptoms include severe pain in the throat and upper gastrointestinal tract,
marked thirst, bloody vomits and difficulty in swallowing, breathing and
speaking.

Inhalation of volatile acids, fumes or gases such as chlorine, fluorine,

bromine or iodine causes severe irritation of the throat and chest with
paroxysmal coughing and inhibition of respiration, followed by pulmonary
oedema.
8.7.3 FIRST AID AND TREATMENT
Ingested: Treatment as per medical advice
Relieve pain and treat shock: Treatment as per medical advice
Skin Contact: Wash with plenty of water and further treatment as per
medical advice.
Eye Contact: Wash with plenty of water, holding the eyelids open. Further
treatment may be provided as per medical advice.
Inhalation: Remove from further exposure to fumes or gases. Check skin
and clothing. Further treatment may be provided as per medical advice.
8.7.4 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES AT BARAUNI REFINERY:

Barauni Refinery has established a full-fledged Occupational Health Centre.
It meets all statutory requirements of Factories Act.
Doctors and other staffs are well qualified in the field of OH and are fully
equipped to handle various equipment, appliances. OHC conducts all OH
check-ups during pre-employment, pre-placement, Executive, Well person
screening and all Occupational Health check-ups. Regular periodic medical
checkup of contract and subcontract workers working at hazardous
processes is done as per clause 68 T of Factory’s Act.
This centre is equipped with the following modern diagonostic equipments:
1. Self-Interpreting ECG machine

2. Audiometer
3. Titmus Vision Tester
4. Snails chart
5. Direct and Indirect Opthalmoscope
6. Respirometer
7. Complete Pathology Lab
8. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE:
Medical surveillance has been prescribed in the Factories Act, 1948
(Amended). Under section 41C, it is stated that, “every occupier of a factory
involving any hazardous process shall maintain accurate and up to date
health records or, as the case may be, medical records of the workers in the
factory who are exposed to any chemical, toxic or any other harmful
substances which are manufactured, stored, handled or transported and as
such records shall be accessible to the workers subjected to such conditions
as may be prescribed” and provide for medical examination of every worker,

(i) Before such worker is assigned to a job involving the handling of or

working with a hazardous substance and
(ii) While continuing in such job and after he has ceased to work in
such job, at intervals not exceeding twelve months, in such manner
as may be prescribed.”
FUNCTIONS OF OHC
 Identification of occupational health hazards of those specified in
Schedule-I of Factories Act either hazardous substances or dangerous
operations.
o Those handling hazardous materials like Benzene, CO, Cl 2, H2S,
SO2, LPG in different sections of plant.
o Those doing operation like Welders, Loco operator, Drivers,
Radiographers.
 Identification of employees identified under target groups for periodical

check up.
 Pre-employment screening, choosing right persons for right jobs.
 Periodical check up of Executives above 40 years of age.
 Comprehensive lung function testing of target group.
 Audiometry of employees working in high noise areas (Turbines, Boilers,
Steam-air line, Pump houses).
 Titmus Vision testing of all employees.
 Work environment monitoring.
 Imparting occupational health education training to the employees.
 Maintaining up to date health records of each employee and analyse them
in future.
o Early detection of BP, Diabetes, IHD, Hypertriglyceridemia.
o Follow up curative advices to employees in the hospital.
Training of Employees
During First-Aid training programme, classes on occupational health & hygiene
are held for the officers & staff. All employees are exposed to this training.
8.8 FIRE PROTECTION & SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Full-fledged fire fighting facilities are provided in the refinery to tackle any fire
contingency. Regular safety audits by internal and external teams are carried
out for improving safety performance. Onsite and offsite Disaster
Management Plans have been developed and mock drills are conducted at
regular intervals to keep the disaster management team in a state of full
preparedness.
In addition to above, refresher training programmes are conducted at regular

intervals for IOC's own employees/ contractors' labourers as well as tank

lorry crews engaged in transportation of products to enhance their safety

awareness and preparedness.
8.9 RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Barauni Refinery has taken initiative to conserve rainwater at various
locations inside the plant area as well as township. The details of the
schemes, already implemented have been presented in Table – 8.1 and
those under implementation are given in Table – 8.2.
TABLE – 8.1
Rain Water Harvesting Schemes implemented
S
N Scheme Area(m2)
1 Admin Building
2 MIS Building
6500
3 QC Lab & Electrical Testing Dept.
4 Centralized Planning Building
5 KV Building 4115.17
6 Russian Hostel 2301.73
7 MSQ Control Room 1391.72
8 MSQ Check & Change Room 207.81
9 PROJECT BUILDING 895
10 FISRT AID 250.8
11 ETP & BTP 698
12 T&D CENTRE 881.00
13 FIRE VEHICLE SHED 812.00
14 CANTEEN 1699.00
15 Hospital 3860
16 DAV School 3500
17 DAV Hindi School 1742.48
18 Guest House 1252.14
TABLE – 8.2
Rain Water Harvesting Schemes under implementation
SN Scheme Area(m2)
1 SS#9 916
2 QC LAB 1404.11
3 SS#28 371
4 INSTRUMENTATION BUILDING 531.9
5 SS#27 (MSQ) 372
6 CRU C/R 1416

8.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL

Barauni Refinery has a full-fledged department to look after the activities,
related to Health, Safety & Environmental Protection. The organisation Chart
has been shown as Figure-8.1. Besides, the refinery has its own Safety,
Health & Environment Policy, as attached herewith.
FIGURE – 8.1
BARAUNI REFINERY - SHE POLICY


CHAPTER-9.0
PROJECT BENEFITS
Implementation of the proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA

to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai in
Bihar will be a boon to the region and will give various social, economic &
infrastructural benefits to society of the region.
Such project is expected to improve living conditions by providing better

employment opportunities and thereby resulting in further reduction of population
below poverty line, which is one of the prime policy objectives of the
Government.
It is expected that by creation of good employment potential and industrialization

of this area, poor/weaker section of the society will enjoy higher earning power
and quality of life.
The project is expected to accelerate the infrastructure development in and

around the area, such as rail, road, transports and communication facilities.
Trading of equipment and materials such as plates, pipe fittings, valves, pumps,
compressors, electrical machinery and construction materials will provide
employment and income to a large number of people.
Through the proposed project it is expected to improve hospitality services such

as hotels/lodgings houses, restaurants, fast food joints, transport services, travel,
shopping, communication facilities, hospitals/nursing homes as well as education
facilities in the region.
The recommendations given by CPCB in the form of Corporate Responsibility for

Environmental Protection shall be fully complied. This will result in lowest
possible emissions, water conservation and reuse of treated wastewater, solid
waste utilization and resultant low cost of production.
M/s IOCL fully understands and acknowledges that better education and health
care facilities, road infrastructure and drinking water facilities are basic social
amenities for better living standard of any human being. The above activities
Project Benefits Envirotech East Pvt. Limited

shall be initiated either by providing new facilities or by improving the existing

facilities in the area, which will help in uplifting the living standards of local
communities.
The employment opportunities, both direct and indirect, will arise from the
proposed project. A no. of persons will get employment on daily average basis
during the construction period. Around 140 persons will get direct employment in
the project during the operation stage. Preference shall be given to local people
depending upon their skill and qualification.
The project will create opportunities for indirect employment to persons who shall
be employed for the greenery development work in and around the plant site.
The project is expected to create large opportunities for indirect employment as

drivers, conductors and attendants of new trucks, passenger carrying vehicles,
technicians in workshops and garages besides the plumbers, electricians and
masons will be required. The project will create opportunities for indirect
employment due to increase in trade opportunities like stockiest/retailers of
building materials, groceries, provision shops, medical stores, garment shops,
furniture shops etc.
Project Benefits Envirotech East Pvt. Limited

CHAPTER-10.0
ENVIRONMENTAL COST
BENEFIT ANALYSIS
The scope of the EIA/EMP has been prescribed vide the Terms of References (TOR)
issued by MoEF&CC, New Delhi vide letter no. No. J-11011/468/2017-IA-II(I) dated
16th November, 2017 (Refer Annexure-I).
As per S.O. 1533 dated 14th September 2006, this chapter is to be prepared if
prescribed at scoping stage.
The prescribed scope does not require environmental cost benefit analysis.
Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

CHAPTER-11.0
SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
11.1 INTRODUCTION
Barauni Refinery, one of the nine refineries under the umbrella of
Indian Oil Corporation Limited, is the sole Petroleum Refinery in the
State of Bihar. It was commissioned in 1964 with the collaboration of
erstwhile U.S.S.R., thus putting itself among the earliest major
industrial projects in the public sector in India. It has, at present,
attained a total installed refining capacity of 6 MMTPA.
The refined products fulfil the requirement of the eastern region by

road, rail and also a product pipeline going upto Kanpur, UP via
Patna, Mughalsarai, & Allahabad. A branch pipe line from Gowria
(Near Kanpur) also supplies product to Lucknow. The imported crude
oil from Nigeria, Malaysia and Middle East Countries is supplied to
Barauni Refinery through a Paradeep- Haldia – Barauni crude oil
pipeline.
With rapid growth in demand for refined products and widening price
differential between low sulfur and high sulfur/heavy crudes, need for
improving refining margins, IOCL has considered expansion of
Barauni Refinery from current installed capacity of 6.0 MMTPA to 9.0
MMTPA along-with production of Petrochemical products. The major
processing units at Barauni Refinery along with their capacities at 6
Existing Licensor
Units
Capacity(MMTPA)
Primary Units
AVU-I 1.75 Russian
AVU-II 1.75 Russian
COKER-A 0.6 Russian
COKER-B 0.5 EIL
RFCCU 1.4 SWEC
HGU-1 0.034 Haldor Topsoe
HGU-2 0.02 Linde
Indjet ATF (250 KTA) and PCK IOCL R&D
Summary & Conclusion Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.
( 75 KTA)
NHDT 0.183 Axens
SHU 0.322 Axens
HDS 0.225 Axens
RSU 0.274 Axens
MS Quality UP gradation Unit (BS-IV)
New NSU 0.48 IOCL
ISOM 0.256 Axens
CCRU 0.375 UOP
Prime G+ 0.48 Axens
DHDT 3.3 UOP
The project configuration after implementation of 9 MMTPA Barauni

Refinery is as follows,
(TMTPA) (TMTPA)
(2)
New NHT
NSU 800 800 - 360
(ISOM)
(1)
RFCC 1400 1700 New OHCU - 1000
New PP - 200
DHDT 3300 3300 New LTU - 390
NHDT +
375 375 New FG TU(3) - 6178 kg/hr
CCRU
Notes:
(1) In BS-IV scenario, CRU will operate at 210 TMTPA due to unavailability of feed
however in BR-9 scenario unit will be operated at its full capacity of 300 TMTPA.
(2) RFCC revamp to increase LPG production along with higher Propylene potential in
LPG
(3) COKER-B capacity revamp to 662 TMTPA and with low recycling for processing neat
HS VR with improved product yield

M/s Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd. have conducted an Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) for the proposed expansion project and
formulated an appropriate Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for
such expansion project.
11.2 SITE LOCATION

Barauni Refinery (BR) is located in Development Block Barauni of
District Begusarai of the State of Bihar, about 8 kms. away from the
northern or left bank of Ganges. From Patna, the state capital, BR is
about 125 km due east. The latitude and longitude at the Refinery site
is 25o25'54”N and 86o03'36”E respectively and the refinery is 160 ft.
above Mean Sea Level. The district head quarter town of Begusarai is
about 6 km to the east and the Refinery Township is just adjacent to
Begusarai, being about 5 km from the Refinery as the crow flies. The
block head quarter town of Barauni is about 10 km due WNW. The
proposed units will be confined within the plant boundary.
11.3 PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS

The principal features or highlights of the proposed expansion project
at Baraunii Refinery under study are as follows:
Location Development Block Barauni in Begusarai
district of Bihar
Land requirement The proposed project will be installed within the
existing refinery premises. No additional land
acquisition will be required. However the
existing refinery owned land on the south east
and south west side of the refinery outside the
refinery boundary wall shall be utilized for the
proposed project.
Fuel and source The fuel requirement of refinery complex would
be met by internal fuel oil and fuel gas systems.
Fuel is consumed only in process units. Total
requirement of fuel in all the furnaces in the
process units would be met mostly from fuel
gas systems and partly by internal fuel oil
systems.
Water requirement There will be additional 349 m 3/hr requirement
and source of fresh water after the installation of the
proposed projects, which will be sourced from
the bore wells. Effluent generated from new
units under the proposed project will be
recycled from the existing BTP & TTP.
Cooling system Closed cycle cooling system with cooling towers.
Effluent treatment The existing ETP & TTP will be used for
& reuse treating the effluent, generated from the
proposed units. The entire treated wastewater
will be recycled back to the refinery for various
purposes. There will be no discharge of any
effluent outside the plant premises except
during heavy rainfall, when excess surface run
off may have to be allowed to flow into Refinery
owned pit (Burrow Pit) adjacent to refinery
premise in the West.
Stack Emissions There will be additional 9 stacks after the
implementation of BR-9 project. The major
pollutants, to be emitted are SO2, NOx & PM.
Catalyst Additional catalyst, to be generated from the
Generation and proposed project shall be stored in
Disposal drums/bags and shall be subsequently
disposed off through the authorised recyclers,
as per the existing practice.
Employment Man Power requirement for proposed capacity
expansion project has been estimated as 140
nos.
Project Cost Total cost of the project has been estimated to
be Rs. 8287 Crore (with +/- 30% accuracy)
inclusive of foreign exchange component of Rs.
1263 crore based on exchange rate of Rs. 66.5
per USD and financial cost of Rs. 564 crore.
11.4 BASELINE ENVIRONMNETAL SCENARIO

The area falling within the radius of 10 km around the Barauni
Refinery of M/s IOCL at Barauni, District Begusarai, Bihar has been
considered as study area. On-site environmental quality monitoring
was carried out from February, 2018 – April, 2018.
11.4.1 Meteorology
The monthly maximum and minimum temperatures recorded on-site
during the aforesaid monitoring period (February, 2018 – April, 2018)
varied between (29.5 – 36.5)°C and (8.5 – 17.5)°C respectively with
overall maximum and minimum temperatures being 36.5°C and 8.5°C
respectively.
The monthly maximum and minimum relative humidity recorded on-

site during the said monitoring period varied between (59 – 67)% and
(39 – 59)% respectively, the overall maximum and minimum being
67% and 39% respectively.
The maximum wind speed 4.9 Km/hr was in the month of April while
the overall mean wind speed during the whole monitoring period was
3.76 Km/hr. The predominant wind direction is west.
11.4.2 Ambient Air Quality

Ambient air quality was monitored at eight (8) locations in and around
the project site.
The overall mean of 24-hourly average values of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2
& CO in the area (mean of all the 8 locations) were 73.5 g/m3, 30.5
g/m3, 12.9 g/m3, 22.9 g/m3, and 0.747 mg/m3 respectively.
11.4.3 Water Quality

Water samples were collected and analyzed at ten (10) locations to
assess the surface water quality in the study area. Water samples
were collected from nine (9) locations to assess the baseline status of
the ground water quality of the study area.
The pH value of the collected Ganga river water samples was found
7.4 and 7.5. Values of Dissolved Oxygen were observed (7.1 & 7.2)
mg/lit. Total Dissolved Solids were found (180 & 186) mg/lit while
values of total Hardness were found (170 & 178) mg/lit. Calcium &
Magnesium were found (45 & 53) mg/lit and (14 & 11) mg/lit
respectively. Oil and grease was below detection limit (<1.4 mg/lit) in
these two samples. Sulphate, Nitrate and Chloride were observed (8 &
11) mg/lit, (2.8 & 1.3) mg/lit and (31 & 32) mg/lit respectively. Iron
contents were found (0.17 & 0.18) mg/lit and zinc contents were
found (<0.05) mg/lit in both samples.
The pH values of the collected pond water samples were found in the
range of (6.8 – 7.8). Dissolved Oxygen was observed in the ranges of
(6.1 – 6.8) mg/lit. Total Dissolved Solids were found in the ranges of
(279 – 430) mg/lit while Total Hardness was found in the ranges of
(176 – 302) mg/lit. Calcium & Magnesium were found varying in the
ranges of (47 – 78) mg/lit and (10 – 29) mg/lit respectively. Oil and
grease was below detection limit (<1.4 mg/lit) in these samples.
Sulphate, Nitrate and Chloride were observed varying in the ranges of
(12 – 62) mg/lit, (5.1 – 8.1) mg/lit and (48 – 107) mg/lit respectively.
Values of Iron and zinc contents were found in the ranges of (0.22 –
0.52) and (<0.05) mg/lit respectively.
The pH values of collected ground water samples were found in the

range of (7.1 – 7.9). Values of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were found
in the ranges of (409 – 653) mg/lit while Total Hardness were found in
the ranges of (220 – 394) mg/lit. Calcium and Magnesium were found
varying in the ranges of (60 – 82) mg/lit and (14 – 46) mg/lit

respectively. Sulphate, Nitrate and Chloride were observed in the
ranges of (36 – 97) mg/lit, (22.1 – 78.2) mg/lit and (85 – 148) mg/lit
respectively. Iron contents were found in the ranges of (0.19 – 0.28)
mg/lit and zinc contents were found below detection limit (<0.05)
mg/lit. in all ground water samples. Alkalinity was found in the
ranges of (215 – 342) mg/lit.
Conclusion can be drawn in the light of the overall analysis made so

far that both the surface & the ground water in the study area is free
of any kind of industrial and urban pollution and has been found to
be generally fit for human consumption.
11.4.5 Noise
A total of 10 locations around the project site were selected for the
measurement of ambient noise levels.
During the day time, the equivalent noise levels were found to vary in
the ranges of (55.1 – 68.4) dB (A) while in the night time, the
equivalent noise levels were observed to be varying in the ranges of
(45.1 – 58.7) dB (A).
11.4.6 Ecology
The study area is found to have a good vegetation cover due to helpful
climatic conditions and good soil quality in the area. There are
naturally growing plants, vegetation and grasses. The overall floral
composition in the whole study area is quite rich.
11.4.7 Demography and Socio-economy

The entire 10 km radius study area around the proposed project
comprises of Teghra, Barauni, Birpur, Begusarai & Matihani under
Begusarai District in Bihar.
The study area is rural-urban mixed in nature and highly populated

with the total population of 11,01,357 (as per 2011 Census).
Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in the
study area is about 11.84% and 0.13% w.r.t. the total population
respectively. The sex ratio in the study area is about 890 females per
1000 males. The overall literacy rate is about 57.3% of the total
population. The principal language is Maithili, Hindi and the principal
staple food is wheat. The primary sources of drinking water are tube
wells, Hand pump water and Supply water.
11.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF PROPOSED PROJECTS

11.5.1 Impacts on Air Quality

There are 22 stacks in the existing operation of the refinery. There will
be 9 new stacks after the implementation of BR-9 project. After the
implementation of the proposed BR-9 project, the existing AVU–I, II &
III will be replaced by AVU (New). So, the stacks, attached to AVU–I, II
& III will be replaced by the stack, attached to AVU (New). So, there
will be total 28 stacks (19 existing + 9 new) after BR-9 project.
As recommended by CPCB, GLCs at various receptor locations within

10 km radius have been computed for the three months’ period
(February, 2018 – April, 2018) representing the monitoring period,
based on the hourly meteorological data of this period. The
computation has been made applying Industrial Source Complex
(ISC3) model, developed by United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA), which is most widely used and also recommended by
CPCB (PROBES/70/1997-98).
The modelling exercise has been done, separately for 3 cases:
Case 1 – All 22 existing stacks

Case 2 – All 9 new stacks & 2 existing stacks (Total 11 stacks)
Case 3 – 19 existing & 9 new stacks (Total 28 stacks)
Emissions pertaining to the existing condition/ load have also been

considered in the modelling though its contribution is already
reflected in the baseline air quality.
Case 2 has been considered to project the contribution of the

proposed project. In the proposed project, the existing FCC and
Coker-B units will be revamped. So, the stacks, attached to these 2
units have also been considered for the projection of the proposed
project scenario.
Case 3 has been considered to provide a picture of the overall

contribution of the refinery after the implementation of the proposed
project.
The modelling results for 3 different cases are presented in the

Table below.
Maximum Predicted GLCs of Pollutants

Case I Predicted Maximum GLC
GLC Direction Distance
(g/m )3
(km)
SO2 3.85 E 1.0
NOx 3.82 ESE 0.8

PM 19.81 E 1.5
Case II Predicted Maximum GLC
(g/m3) (km)
SO2 14.21 ESE 1.8
NOx 7.26 ESE 1.5
PM 4.87 ESE 1.8
Case III Predicted Maximum GLC
(g/m ) 3
(km)
SO2 15.41 ESE 1.8
NOx 7.71 ESE 1.5
PM 17.36 ESE 1.8
The maximum of the 24-hourly maximum GLCs of SO2, NOx & PM

for case 1 i.e., during existing operation of the refinery are about
3.85 g/m3, 3.82 g/m3 & 19.81 g/m3 respectively, which would
occur at a distance of about 1.0 km., 0.8 km. & 1.5 km in ‘E’, ‘ESE’
& ‘E’ directions respectively.
The maximum of the 24-hourly maximum predicted GLCs of SO2,

NOx & PM for case 2 i.e., during operation of the proposed project
would be about 14.21 g/m3, 7.26 g/m3 & 4.87 g/m3
respectively, which would occur at a distance of about 1.8 km., 1.5
km. & 1.8 km respectively in ‘ESE’ direction.
The maximum of the 24-hourly maximum predicted GLCs of SO2,

NOx & PM for case 3 i.e., during operation of the overall project
after implementation of the proposed project would be about 15.41
g/m3, 7.71 g/m3 & 17.36 g/m3 respectively, which would occur
at a distance of about 1.8 km., 1.5 km. & 1.8 km respectively in
‘ESE’ direction. This also includes the contributions from the
existing operation of the plant though its contribution is already
reflected in the baseline ambient air quality, and thus provides a
picture of the total contribution of the plant.
The predicted maximum GLCs of SO2, NOx & PM in all 3 cases are
within the permissible limits of 80 g/m3 for SO2 & NOx,100 g/m3
for PM10 and 60 g/m3 for PM2.5, applicable for industrial,
residential, rural and other areas, as stipulated in the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards.
11.5.2 Impacts on Water Quality

The total effluent load from the refinery after the installation of the
proposed projects will be about 800 m3/hr. Further the extra open
channel effluent of about 200 m3/hr will be treated in storm water
management system and extra DM plant reject of about 44 m3/hr will
be treated in ETP RO plant. The existing ETP has a design capacity of
1000 m3/hr and that of the BTP is 1400 m3/hr. Therefore, the
effluent load of around 800 m3/hr in the ETP and around 1171
m3/hr including the effluent from storm water management system in
the BTP will be easily treated. The entire treated wastewater will be
recycled back to the refinery for various purposes. There will be no
discharge of any effluent outside the plant premises.
So, there will be no impact on the surface water quality due to the
operation of the proposed project.
11.5.3 Impacts on Soil

There will be solid waste generation, but will be managed in the
proper manner. This will ensure that there will not be any impact on
soil quality due to the disposal or deposition of solid waste.
11.5.4 Impacts on Land Use

The proposed development will be confined within the boundary of the
allocated land within the refinery boundary, earmarked for the
industrial purpose, so there will not be any significant impact on the
land use pattern of the area.
11.5.5 Impacts on Biological Environment

The surrounding area has substantial vegetation in the form of village
orchards, roadside trees and agriculture. If the gaseous emission is
controlled properly, there will not be significant impact. There will be
sufficient plantation of trees at the plant site. All these measures, if
implemented properly will ensure insignificant impact on the local
vegetation from the proposed project and may improve the vegetation
scenario of the area.
No thermal pollution is expected as closed cycle cooling system will be

adopted. As the effluent of the proposed units will be completely
treated and its quality is expected to be similar to the level achieved
now, no impact on water bodies is envisaged.
11.5.6 Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment

The project will offer substantial employment potential during
construction phase and operation phase, which will have beneficial
impact.

11.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

M/s IOCL will develop various management activities for the
Environmental Management Programme which will meet all statutory
requirements and help to improve environmental quality.
A detailed monitoring for different environmental parameters will be

carried out as per direction of State Pollution Control Board. An
environmental management group is already established to implement
the management plan.
The process design of the refinery has given special importance to

maintain the quality of environment during operation after the
expansion of Barauni Refinery from current installed capacity of 6.0
MMTPA to 9.0 MMTPA along-with production of Petrochemical
products.
There will be additional 9 stacks after the implementation of BR-9

project. The major pollutants, to be emitted are SO2, NOx & PM. The
existing ETP & TTP will be used for treating the effluent, generated
from the proposed units. The entire treated wastewater will be
recycled back to the refinery for various purposes. There will be no
discharge of any effluent outside the plant premises except during
heavy rainfall, when excess surface run off may have to be allowed to
flow into Refinery owned pit (Burrow Pit) adjacent to refinery premise
in the West. Additional catalyst, to be generated from the proposed
project shall be stored in drums/bags and shall be subsequently
disposed off through the authorised recyclers, as per the existing
practice.
No major process vents and fugitive emissions are envisaged from

proposed project. However, the currently adopted plant wide Leak
Detection and Repair Program will be extended to control fugitive VOC
emissions, thereby achieving the emission standards.
Major noise generating sources from the project will be equipment like
compressors, fans, motors etc. However, they will be designed so as to
limit the noise levels to <85 dB(A) at 1 m from the equipment thereby
limiting the noise level within the specified limit as per MoEF&CC
guidelines for 2018.
Barauni Refinery has a full-fledged environment protection cell and a

well equipped pollution control laboratory established back in 1975.
The laboratory has received accreditation from M/S NABL.
In order to improve the aesthetic look of the area and enhance the
land use as well as to compensate for any loss in ecology during
construction, adequate plantation programmes around the project site
will be adopted.
Over 1,25,000 trees have been planted in the Refinery and Township.
The list of the species planted are given below:
Arjun, Leechi, Ashok, Neem, Menishri, Gulmohar, Karang, Peepal,

Bargad, Amaltash, Mahaneem, Sagwaan, Gular, Sharifa, Pakor,
Papaya, Jungle Jilebi, Lemon, Jhau, Coconut, Bottle Brush, Arkesia,
Maulshri, Seesham, Copper pod.
In addition to above, to improve aesthetic look, lawns and flower beds

are developed in Refinery and Township in the proximately of Offices,
Workshop, Laboratory, Hospital, Community Centre, School etc.
Till date, 230.58 acres are covered under tree plantation in the
refinery and township areas.

CHAPTER-12.0
DISCLOSURE OF
CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
Brief Profile of M/s Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

M/s Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata has acquired the status of one of the Prime
organizations of the country in undertaking various assignments in the areas like
Environmental Impact Assessment, Environment Management Plan, Risk Analysis,
Detailed Project Report, Environmental Audit / Statement, Geo-Technical Statement
etc., since it was formed in 1988 by Prof. G. D. Agarwal, former Dean, IIT Kanpur and
Member Secretary, Central Pollution Control Board.
The company owes in its name a list of eminent & well-qualified experts to execute
various assignments with the desired degree of perfection. The manpower, engaged for
EIA study for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA
along with Polymer units at Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar of M/s Indian
Oil Corporation Ltd. is given in Table-12.1. Since its inception, the company has been
endeavoring for continual improvement in its system for which it has been accredited
with ISO 9001: 2000 & ISO 14001:2004 certifications. The Company had obtained
NABET accredition under QCI-NABET Scheme in the month of May, 2011 vide
certificate no. NABET/EIA/1011/010.
The company has a well-equipped laboratory, which is recognized by West Bengal

Pollution Control Board and Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of
India.
Disclosure of Consultants Engaged Envirotech East Pvt. Limited

TABLE-12.1
MANPOWER ENGAGED FOR EIA STUDY FOR PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BARAUNI REFINERY
FROM 6 MMTPA TO 9 MMTPA ALONG WITH POLYMER UNITS AT BARAUNI REFINERY, DISTRICT
BEGUSARAI, BIHAR
Discipline Name of Expert Key Qualifications Signature

indicating area of
specialization relevant to
the respective discipline
EIA Coordinator:
Mr. T Kundu Bachelor of Technology

(Chemical Engineering)
Functional Area Experts involved:

Air Pollution Mr. T. Kundu Bachelor of Technology
Meteorology Mr. T. Kundu Bachelor of Technology

Water Pollution Mr. Asoke Kumar M.Sc. (Chem.)

Control Banerjee
Geology Dr. Abhijit Ph.D in Geology

Hydrology Chakraborty
Ecology & Dr. (Mrs.) Ph.D in Biology Sc.

Bio-diversity Anupam Sinha
Noise & Vibration Mr. Bhaskar Dhar Bachelor of Engineering

(Mechanical)
Land Use Dr. Sunando Ph. D in Geography

Bandyopadhyay
Solid & Hazardous Mr. Asoke Kumar M.Sc. (Chem.)

Waste Banerjee

Soil Conservation Mr. Asoke Kumar M.Sc. (Chem.)

Banerjee
Risk & Hazard Mr. T. Kundu Bachelor of Technology

Socio-economics Prof. Pabitra M.Sc. (Economics)

Sengupta

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INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LTD.

Environmental Impact Assessment

Envirotech East (P) Limited

Date: 30th November, 2018

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

Subject: Environmental Impact Assessment study for proposed expansion of

Refer : File No. IA-J-11011/468/2017-IA-II(I) dated 16th November 2017

(Asoke Kumar Banerjee)

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

Contents Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

3.2 Geology and Geohydrology of the study area

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

6.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES (RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER

Contents Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.0 PROJECT BENEFITS

10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

11.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

12.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

Contents Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Contents Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

1.1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

The Corporation's cross-country pipelines network, for transportation of crude oil

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

1.2 BARAUNI REFINERY

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

The project configuration after implementation of 9 MMTPA Barauni Refinery is as follows,

Process Capacity Proposed Process Capacity Proposed

1.3 PROJECT LOCATION

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

FIGURE-1.1 : PROJECT SITE ON GOOGLE MAP

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

FIGURE-1.2 : PROJECT SITE & SURROUNDING ON GOOGLE MAP

1.4 PURPOSE OF THE EIA/EMP REPORT AND SCOPE OF STUDY

The proposed expansion project of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Subsequently, Public Hearing was conducted on 5th October, 2018 at the

4(a): STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENT

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

stack emission based on site-specific meteorological features. In Section-4.7

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

reduce the water requirement from other sources.

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

12. Storm water management plan. Chapter-2.0

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

5(c): STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENT

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

provided as an annexure to the EIA Report.

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

of discharge under E(P) Rules.