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Objective: At the end of this module, I can use the principles of effective speech delivery focusing on articulation;
modulation; stage presence; facial expressions; gestures, and movements; rapport with the audience; and appropriate use
of visual aids.
Ask the students: 1. Have you ever tried delivering a speech in public? Or watch someone do it?
2. What do you think are the things a speaker should consider or possess when delivering a speech?
Or what are the important things you look for to be able to say that someone is a good speaker? Why?
What is a speech?
Speech is the formal talk that the speaker addresses through spoken language/words in front of an audience
gathered in a place to hear the message.
Delivery refers to the presentation of the speech you have researched, organized, outlined, and practiced. Delivery
is important, of course, because it is what is most immediate to the audience. Delivery relies on both verbal
communication and nonverbal communication.
Delivery can communicate your confidence and preparedness to your audience. Effective delivery shows your
audience that you have researched your topic and understand what you are speaking about. An effective delivery
allows you to pull it all together—to showcase your work and to speak with confidence during your delivery.
Principles of Speech Delivery: Combination of elements of public speaking in order to convey your
speech/message diligently and effectively to an audience.
A. Articulation
(Book def.) An act process, process, or means of putting something into words or the clear and
accurate pronunciation of words especially in public speaking.
Refers to pronouncing the words and speaking with clear diction that effectively transmits the
message of the speaker. You must fully open your mouth in order to distinctly enunciate the different
words.
Articulation is the physical production of particular speech sounds.
WORDS MISARTICULATION
OUGHT TO OTTA
DIDN’T DINT
HAVE TO HAFTA
WANT TO WANNA
GOING TO GONNA
Coherence – comes from Latin word cohaerentia meaning “to stick together”. This refers to the logical order of
ideas expressed.
Coherence of body, voice and content directly influences your level of authenticity perceived by the
audience. Therefore, the triangle of coherence in public speaking always needs to be in a state of
balance.
The Triangle of Coherence in Public Speaking by Florian Mueck
Content: Technical, entertaining, emotional, inspirational
Body: Facial expressions, hand and arm gestures, leg and entire body
Voice: Loud, soft, fast, slow, high pitch, low pitch, pauses
How do you achieve coherence in your speech?
You plan the order of ideas you will articulate or express.
B. Modulation
(Book def.) to change the sound of your voice by making it quieter, higher, lower, etc and to change
or adjust so that it exists in a balanced or proper amount.
The capability to adjust or manipulate the resonance and timbre of vocal tone. Everyone’s voice is
different. Some people have very distinguishing voices and do not have to work very hard on their
voice presentation, but others need some help with speaking.
a. Volume – the loudness or softness of the speaker’s voice. You do not want to speak loudly or they
will think you are being rude, crude, or uncouth or speak too softly because the audience will not be
able to hear and understand what you are saying especially if the venue is in a wide area.
b. Pitch – this is the highness or lowness of a speaker’s voice. You do not want to go too high or too
low, but try not to become monotone.
Inflection – are variations, turns, and slides in pitch to achieve the meaning.
Ex: When you raise your pitch at the end of a sentence that is a question. Or when you lower your
pitch at sentences ending with a period.
c. Tempo/Pace – this refers to the speed at which a person talks. We usually speak at a rate between
120-150 words per minute. Just remember: 1. Talking so slowly will bore your listeners and it might
resemble a monotonous appeal.
2. Try not to speak so fast that your speech is not
understood.
d. Pauses – refers to the momentary breaks in the voice delivery of a speech.
1. Learning how to do this properly will give you more poise and confidence when delivering
your speech.
2. Try to avoid filling in those moments with a vocalized pauses like “uh” and “um”.
e. Vocal Variety – Vocal variety is in a speaker’s rate, pitch, and volume that give the voice variety and
expressions. It makes your speech more interesting and thus make the audience listen to you.
It is necessary to vary the pitch, rate, and tone, and volume of your voice to avoid sounding monotonous and
to convey various nuances of meanings.
Relax
Practice/Prepare: Record yourself when practicing your speech to know the things to develop, what
to remove , or if there are additional information needed. Practice makes perfect.
Desire: Have the passion to share your story or topic on-stage and inspire them.
Study: Learn from legendary speakers, performers and adapt their way of having a great stage
presence.
Stage presence capture the audience’s full attention, drawing them into your speech and making them feel some
emotion from your piece.
D. Facial Expressions (dig further)
(Book def.) This is a gesture executed with facial muscles. Your face reveals a lot about what you think
or how you feel. It is your most basic visual aid.
The speaker ought to ensure that his/her facial expressions do not contradict his/her verbal
message. Always remember to smile and allow various emotions to show in your eyes to inspire
enthusiasm with your audience and show them your sincerity about your topic.
Your audience gathers a lot of information from your facial expressions. If your facial expressions and your
spoken words conflict, the audience is likely to believe your face. So make sure that your facial expressions mesh
with the feelings and ideas being expressed. It builds a connection with your audience. It shows sincerity and
credibility to the message and conveys the feelings of the speaker.
It helps you emphasize a point, express emotions, call attention to ideas, release tensions and engage your
audience. However, too much gesturing and body movement might seem theatrical and insincere and even
distract your audience from your message. *Be natural and act naturally on stage.
(Book def.) This refers to the speaker’s connection with the audience. This connection is characterized
By harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity.
Building rapport is defined as engaging with the audience and connecting with them.
Ways to Establish Rapport with the Audience (aside from what’s in the book):
First impression matters
Take note of what has gone on in the room before
Focus on the audience and their understanding rather than yourself
Read the audience
Create texture and dynamics in your presentation
Talk to people before your presentation begins
Have your audience’s best interest at heart
Establish eye contact
Speak simply and with conviction
Dress appropriately
Avoid using humour or language that might offend them
Tell stories to engage their imaginations
Eye contact – this means direct visual contact with eyes of another person. Try to avoid looking in only one area
of the room. Look briefly from one person to another or scan the audience. Make the audience believe in what
you are talking about with your eyes.
Building rapport with the audience is important because it creates trust, heightens engagement, shows people
why what you have to say is important and relevant to them, establishes common ground and helps you connect
at a human level not just at an intellectual one.
Props
Props fall into two categories: objects and models. Objects are the actual physical item that you are
speaking about. Models are representations of the item that you are speaking about. No matter which type
you use, props are good to refer to if they help clarify your messages and increase understanding.
Posters
Use a poster to highlight the key points of your visuals aid speech topics. When you talk about
a country, city, a very expensive drawing, or your home or automobile etc. you can show a picture printed
on a poster.
Five tips for your presentation:
Prepare your visual aid informative speech topics adequately.
Practice several times aloud in front of family and friends.
Check if your electronic component is running. Have a backup option in mind.
Constantly check if your public can see and understand what you say and present. Every member of the
audience must have the possibility to see your visual aids, hold them up as long as needed.
Point to parts in your visual aid speech topics when you talk about the features.
To hold the audience’s attention – by getting the audience involved visually as well as orally, you are
more likely to keep their interest.
To serve as a memory aid or learning device – people learn in different ways, some people easily recall
spoken information, others written information. No matter what style they prefer, the more you expose your
audience to the information, the more likely they are to remember it.
To replace your speaking notes – This doesn’t mean reading directly from your visual aid. However, a
PowerPoint presentation or slide show will have keywords that you can use to structure your
extemporaneous speech.
To help indicate transitions – When you switch slides, for example, it reinforces the transitions between
the two ideas indicated on the slide.
Effective delivery shows your audience that you have researched your topic and understand
what you are speaking about.
1. Go through your preparation outline aloud to check how you have written translates into spoken discourse. Is it too
long? Is it too short?
Additional information for principles of speech delivery . (Dig further, expand knowledge) page 161. (PRINCE)
Read: “How to Improve Speaking Voice”. Page 165 of book, watch the links. (PRINCE PADOWNLOAD)
Evaluation to test their knowledge. Pp. 160, 163, 164, 165 in the book.