‫االسم ‪ :‬قصي عصام عبد خلف‬

‫القسم ‪ :‬هندسة تقنيات الحاسوب‬

‫المرحلة ‪ :‬الرابعة _ الكترونيك‬

‫الدراسة ‪ :‬مسائي‬

‫الموضوع ?‪What is FPGA and its applications‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬

‫أستاذ المادة ‪ :‬د‪ .‬عبدالكريم دواح‬

 2019/2020 : ‫السنة الدراسية‬

What is FPGA and its applications?

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are digital integrated circuits (ICs) that
contain configurable (programmable) blocks of logic along with configurable
interconnects between these blocks.

Design engineers can configure (program) such devices to perform a tremendous

variety of tasks.

Depending on the way in which they are implemented, some FPGAs may only be
programmed a single time, while others may be reprogrammed over and over again.
Not surprisingly, a device that can be programmed only one time is referred to as one-
time programmable (OTP).

The “field programmable” portion of the FPGA’s name refers to the fact that its
programming takes place “in the field” (as opposed to devices whose internal
functionality is hard- wired by the manufacturer). This may mean that FPGAs are
configured in the laboratory, or it may refer to modifying the function of a device
resident in an electronic system that has already been deployed in the outside world.
If a device is capable of being programmed while remaining resident in a higher-level
system, it is referred to as being in-system programmable (ISP).

The term FPGA stands for Field Programmable Gate Array and, it is a one type of
semiconductor logic chip which can be programmed to become almost any kind of
system or digital circuit, similar to PLDs. PLDS are limited to hundreds of gates, but
FPGAs supports thousands of gates. The configuration of the FPGA architecture is
generally specified using a language, i.e., HDL (Hardware Description language)
which is similar to the one used for an ASIC ( Application Specific Integrated
Circuit).

FPGAs can provide a number of advantages over a fixed function ASIC technology
such as standard cells. Normally, ASICs takes months to manufacture and the cost of
them will be thousands of dollars to obtain the device. But, FPGAs are fabricated in
less than a second, the cost will be from a few dollars to a thousand dollars. The
flexible nature of the FPGA comes at a significant costin area, power consumption
and delay. When compared to a standard cell ASIC, an FPGA requires 20 to 35 times
more area, and the speed’s performance will be 3 to 4 times slower than the ASIC.
This article describes about the FPGA basics and FPGA architecture module that
includes I/O pad, logic blocks and switch matrix. FPGAs are some of the new
trending areas of VLSI. Therefore, these are used in  VLSI based projects for
electronic engineering students.

Applications of FPGA:
FPGAs have gained rapid growth over the past decade because they are useful for a
wide range of applications. Specific application of an FPGA includes digital signal
processing, bioinformatics, device controllers, software-defined radio, random logic,
ASIC prototyping, medical imaging, computer hardware emulation, integrating
multiple SPLDs, voice recognition, cryptography, filtering and communication
encoding and many more.

Usually, FPGAs are kept for particular vertical applications where the production
volume is small. For these low-volume applications, the top companies pay in
hardware costs per unit. Today, the new performance dynamics and cost have
extended the range of viable applications.

Some More Common FPGA Applications are: Aerospace and Defense, Medical
Electronics, ASIC Prototyping, Audio, Automotive, Broadcast, Consumer
Electronics, Distributed Monetary Systems, Data Center, High Performance
Computing, Industrial, Medical, Scientific Instruments, Security systems, Video &
Image Processing, Wired Communications, Wireless Communications.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MLA Ding, Qun, et al. "Designing of chaotic system output sequence

circuit based on FPGA and its applications in network
encryption card." International Journal of Innovative
Computing, Information and Control 3.2 (2007): 449-456.

APA Ding, Q., Pang, J., Fang, J., & Peng, X. (2007). Designing of
chaotic system output sequence circuit based on FPGA and its
applications in network encryption card. International Journal
of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, 3(2), 449-
456.

ISO DING, Qun, et al. Designing of chaotic system output

690 sequence circuit based on FPGA and its applications in
network encryption card. International Journal of Innovative
Computing, Information and Control, 2007, 3.2: 449-456