(Anskey) Prelim-2018 - Environment Tough But Lake Baikal Not Dried YET

6/19/2018 [Anskey] Prelim-2018: Environment Tough but Lake Baikal not dried YET
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[Answerkey] UPSC Prelim-2018: Environment & Agriculture is Tough &

Cynicism Inspiring, But don’t dry-up before Lake Baikal
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1. Environment: continuity and change in Prelims-2018

Fatalism & Cynicism inspiring Paper?
How to prepare Environment and biodiversity for Prelims – 2019?
2. Agriculture: continuity & change in Prelims-2018
How to prepare Agriculture for Prelims – 2019?
3. Solutions for Prelim-2018
Flora Fauna
Pollution and Clean Energy
National Acts, Organizations, Yearbook Type
International Org: “About us”
AGRO
4. Epilogue 
http://mrunal.org/2018/06/upsc-prelim-2018-answerkey-environment.html 1/32
Environment: continuity and change in Prelims-2018
On 3rd June 2018, UPSC conducted Prelims exam for recruitment in IAS/IPS and other civil services.
Paper-I consisted of 100 MCQs from general studies. For that, I’ve already published answerkey for
Science (http://mrunal.org/2018/06/upsc-prelim-2018-answerkey-science.html) and Polity
(http://mrunal.org/2018/06/upsc-prelim-2018-answerkey-polity.html). Now, this article covers
Environment & Agriculture answerkey and strategy for next year.
Ever since the merger of forest service prelims with Indian civil services (IAS/IPS) prelims, UPSC had
been devoting about 1/5th of the Prelim paper-1 to environment, biodiversity, agriculture related
topics. However, in 2017 there was sudden drop – just 14 MCQ, And the downfall has continued in
2018 as well, with just 12 MCQs coming from this part.
Environment section of 2018’s paper is much tougher than that of 2017, because
Environment and agriculture in Prelim-2017: 9 easy, 2 medium and 8 tough = 19 MCQs. Among
these MCQs, ve could be solved directly from Shankar’s book
Environment and agriculture in Prelim-2018: Only 3 easy, 2 medium and 11 tough = 16 MCQs.
Among them, barely two could be solved from Shankar’s book.
Guessmaster-giriTM had limited utility, and even back red in four MCQs.
IYB drought continues: before 2017, each year, nearly 1-2 environment MCQs would come from IYB
ch.11 on Environment. But in 2017- nothing. In 2018- only one MCQ can be partially solved.
“About us” prem continues: In environment segment, examiner has bad habit of asking from low-
pro le organizations’ “about us” page. In the past he asked about Biocarbon fund, Forest carbon
facility, birdlife international, TEEB, CCAC, GCCA. The same lunacy continued in 2018 as well: PAGE,
GACSA etc. Whereas no direct questions from any high-pro le environment summits.

Flora-fauna prem also continues: albeit nothing from critically endangered species or well known
species like dolphin, hornbill, butter y, tortoise, camel or ghariyal. He asked about a invasive weed
plant- Prosopis juli ora.
Park and sanctuary prem continues– last year about Kuno Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary, this time
Pakhui wildlife sanctuary. But even if you had a premonition that a sanctuary MCQ will come, still
di cult to memorize them all.
Anti-pollution R&D se breakup– Till last year he had been asking about various anti-pollution R&D-
be it fuel cell, biotoilets, bioremediation, algae fuel, carbon sequester. but nothing in 2018- but in
fairness, largest number of environment MCQs are concentrated around Pollution topic only and
more number of Science-tech MCQs have been asked in 2018, so can’t expect him to devote more
space for Environmental R&D.
Fatalism & Cynicism inspiring Paper?
2018’s Prelim is tougher than earlier years- it’s an undisputed fact.

Within environment, there is no single book or source from which large chunk of MCQs could be
solved directly.
In this scenario, some failed aspirants and the arm-chair critiques of UPSC are building an atmosphere
that it’s futile to prepare anything. Just throw your books and leave your chances in Prelims-2019 to
fate and guessmaster-giri.
But, if you look at the paper with an open and dispassionate mind then MCQs which appear random
Prima-facie, they could also be solved using calculated eliminations if you knew some background
theory / development related to the topic. example
Soil – Sulfur MCQ: It was a 3 statement true / false question (3TF), and no single book contains the
material to validate / reject those 3 statements. But if you knew only one fact that organic matter in
the soil is bene cial for water retention, then all the wrong options could be eliminated, without
knowing anything about sulfur cycle.
Sand Mining MCQ: whenever water table is decreased there will be saline-water ingress so salinity will
rise. So, both water table and salinity can’t decrease at the same time. Mere knowledge of this inverse-
relation was su cient to solve this MCQ.
Critical Wildlife habitat MCQ: Another 3TF MCQ and no single book / pdf / newspaper contained
material to validate / reject all 3 statements, yet if you knew only one factoid that Forest rights Act is
more under the domain of Tribal ministry than under the domain of Forest ministry, and if you were
willing to take risk then you could eliminate all wrong statements.
True, there are GK questions where no amount of smart-elimination or dumb-guessing helps: Pakhui
wildlife sanctuary, 6th Mass extinction, Aral sea drying up and so on. And, yes in real examhall stress,
above “Smart elimination” things are easier said than done. Wisdom which comes after attaining
widowhood is both useless and irritating (“If my husband was alive, I would have cooked him good meal”,
“If you had done like this, you could have cleared the prelim-cuto ”…) However, until a time comes when
all serious aspirants of UPSC join in a Non-Cooperation Movement that “we shall not prepare anything

for Environment, Art & Culture”- until that time, you’ll have to study – whether you like it or not. And that
leads to next section of this article….
How to prepare Environment and biodiversity for Prelims – 2019?
NIOS Environment PDF (http://www.nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-

courses/Enviornmental-Science-(333)/english-medium.aspx) | िहं दी म भी उपल
(http://www.nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/Enviornmental-Science-
(333)/hindi-medium.aspx) | ગુજરાતીમાં પણ ઉપલ ધ (https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B6-
HBBK2yXgcbzVIczJjWDltT3c): Nowadays, candidates tend to think that they’ve read Shankar so their
theory is nished, but In past, some MCQs were lifted verbatim from NIOS- in all three exams of UPSC
– CSE, CAPF and CDS.
NCERT textbooks’ chapters related to environment. From geography textbooks, you will nd forest
types. Class11 Chemistry textbook’s chapter on environmental chemistry is important for
environment related MCQs. In past, some Flora-fauna-zoology type MCQs had come from Class11-12
biology textbooks as well- So that too should be prepared.
ShankarIAS’s Environment Book
(https://www.amazon.in/gp/product/B00Q6Q5WHS/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=mrunal08-
21&creative=24630&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=B00Q6Q5WHS&linkId=28794a48df56e80c49a5fbaf71b
should be used as “base-book” for advanced theories and contemporary issues on environment. Yes,
relatively less MCQs came from here in 2018, but you should not base your strategy on just one year’s
trend.
(When it is published) India Yearbook 2019 by Ministry of information and broadcasting: Ch. 11 on
Environment. It is true that in latest two prelims (2017 and 2018), Nothing came from here, but you
should not dump it just yet.
For current events: IndianExpress, and whichever PDF compilation catches your fancy.
My Youtube Lectures (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAMBum9_RkuOFg-lfEreql935iHcCcSuD)
on Environmental treaties and Clean Energy.
For the mains exam, this topic again re-appears in GSM1 (http://mrunal.org/2017/10/dl-upsc-mains-
2017-gsm1.html#1381) and GSM3 (http://mrunal.org/2017/11/dl-upsc-mains-gs3-2017.html#1428).
You can click on those links to read my observations and strategies for the same.
Agriculture: continuity & change in Prelims-2018
Ever since the merger of Forest service prelims with Civil services exam, good number of questions were
devoted to agriculture. They can be classi ed into three categories:
Government Schemes: in the past years, at least one high-pro le scheme would be asked- soil health
card, PM Fasal Bima Yojana, e-NAM. This year very low pro le scheme on organic farming was asked.
Cultivation & Irrigation Practice: In past, UPSC had asked about-drip irrigation, vegetative
propagation, Contour bunding. This pattern continues in 2018 as well, with MCQ on Conservation

Agriculture
R&D, Genetic engineering related: In past there were questions about Mycorrhizal biotech,
biofertilizers, somatic cell transfer. But this year nothing from here – for the reasons similar to
“Environment R&D se breakup”, which I pointed out in the previous section.
How to prepare Agriculture for Prelims – 2019?
NCERT Class 7 to 12 textbooks on science, biology, social science, economy and geography. You don’t
have to read them from the rst page to the last page. Do only selective study of the chapters related
to agriculture. For example, Economy Class11 has content on green revolution. Biology Class12 has
chapter on biotechnology. You’ll nd irrigation, soil, crops related factoids from social science
textbooks of 7 to 10. And so forth.
IYB’s Chapter 4 on agriculture is useless, no direct questions are coming from it (based on the trend
so far).
Last year three economic surveys (https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/) and NITI Ayog’s 3 year document
(http://niti.gov.in/content/three-year-action-agenda-2017-18-2019-20) (or my three part- summary of it
(http://mrunal.org/2017/09/indian-economy-sde-agriculture-credit.html)) for the descriptive questions
on farm distress and solutions for Mains-GSM3.
Government’s Yojana and Kurukshetra magazines (https://bharatkosh.gov.in/Product/1) of atleast last
one calendar year. 2018’s Conservation Agriculture MCQ was given verbatim in Feb-2018’s
Kurukshetra magazine. They are also useful for the descriptive questions and essay paper in Mains.
Read the original magazine to cultivate vocabulary and owery language. Then go for PDF
compilations for their bulleted version / mindmaps for faster revision on the exam night.
In 2018, UPSC asked about a low pro le scheme “National Programme for Organic Production’
(NPOP)”- therefore, some over-enthusiastic candidates will go through governments OUTPUT
OUTCOME BUDGET Document, (https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/OutcomeBudgetE2018_2019.pdf) to
make a ‘half-blood-prince’ note for “all the low-pro le government schemes”. But, this will give a poor
cost: bene t.
For current events, IndianExpress. And whichever PDF compilation catches your fancy. Since PDF
compilation makers donot have any cost of printing- They will go on to copy paste 50 dozen crop
hybrid varieties mentioned in the Hindu newspaper and monthly updates on MSP /food-in ation ups
and downs. But do consider the cost:bene t of the time invested in preparing it.
Solutions for Prelim-2018
Now let’s solve the environment- agro MCQs asked in Prelims-2018
Flora Fauna
Q56. Why is a plant called Prosopis juli ora often mentioned in news ? (Pre18 Set-D)
a. Its extract is widely used in cosmetics.


b. It tends to reduce the biodiversity in the area in which it grows.
c. Its extract is used in the synthesis of pesticides.
d. None of the above
Di culty: Medium – given verbatim in Shankar’s book, but in real exam-stress, not easy to recall for
everyone.
Answer: ShankarIAS’s Environment Book

21&creative=24630&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=B00Q6Q5WHS&linkId=28794a48df56e80c49a5fbaf71bcd0
ch. 12 on Plant Diversity, subtopic “Some invasive alien species”: This plant is a native of Mexico, and
spread throughout India. It’s an aggressive colonizer, common weed of wastelands, scrublands and
degraded forests. Since it’s mention under the head of invasive alien species so it’d reduce biodiversity in
the area, Hence Option B.
Q57. Consider the following statements (Pre18 Set-D)
1. Most of the world’s coral reefs are in tropical waters.

2. More than one-third of the world’s coral reefs are located in the territories of Australia, Indonesia and
Philippines.
3. Coral reefs host far more number of animal phyla than those hosted by tropical rainforests.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only
c. 1, 2 and 3
Di culty: Tough because no single routine book contains all information.
Answer:
From GCL to ShankarIAS’s Environment Book

– all mention that Coral reefs are found in tropical and subtropical regions. However, people likely to
engage in hairsplittery over whether tropical waters OR the subtropical waters have the “MOST” coral
reefs? According to this Environment Ministry PDF
(http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/ les/m /Coral-Reefs-Rainforests-of-the-Oceans.pdf), you can see
that most of them are located between Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, so yes #1 is indeed right.

Same PDF also mentions that France, though located much outside the tropical belt, comes in fourth
(after Indonesia, Australia and Philippines). So, collectively rst three ought to occupy a large share.
Still, just to be sure:
This UNEP page (http://coral.unep.ch/atlaspr.htm) gives % of world area covered by each region:
Indonesia 18%, Australia: 17% and Philippines: 9% so collectively that’ll be more than 33%. Hence #2 is
right.
Coral reefs include a wide range of diversity with 32 of the 34 animal phyla present, in contrast to only
9 phyla represented in tropical rainforest. [Google Book#1 (https://books.google.co.in/books?
id=tvBKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA154)] So, #3 is also right. मतलब की ये तो चम ार ही हो गया..तीनो के तीनो बच गये.
Thus, answer is D: 1, 2 and 3
Anti-GuessmasterTM question because GM-Rule#1

(http://mrunal.org/gm#1) extreme worded statements are
always wrong so #3 ought to be wrong, plus half-learned
guess that tropical rainforests have very high net primary
productivity (NPP) etc. so coral reefs can’t be better than
them. But by this logic you’ll end up eliminating all options
with #3 and arrive at wrong answer A.
Pollution and Clean Energy
Q7. With reference to solar power production in India, consider the following statements: (Pre18
Set-D)
1. India is the third largest in the world in the manufacture of silicon wafers used in photovoltaic units.
2. The solar power tari s are determined by the Solar Energy Corporation of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. Neither 1 nor 2
Di culty: Medium because it boils down to your knowledge about statement #1.

Answer:
There is no signi cant production of silicon wafers in India (as of 2011). So unlikely that it became 3rd
largest by 2017-18. [Ref: This industrial research rm report
(www.eai.in/ref/services/wp/sunny_days_ahead.pdf)] So, #1 is wrong.
Tari s are determined under the Electricity Act. Any entity with “Corporation” word is irrelevant. so, #2
is wrong.
Guessmaster-giriTM can only help narrowing down choices:

By GM-Rule#3 (http://mrunal.org/gm#3) Parent organizations
are always wrong, then statement#2 ought to be wrong, thus
your choice is narrowed down between A vs D only.
Q5. Which of the following statements best describes “carbon fertilization”? (Pre18 Set-D)
a. Increased plant growth due to increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
b. Increased temperature of Earth due to increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
c. Increased acidity of oceans as a result of increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
d. Adaptation of all living beings on Earth to the climate change brought about by the increased
concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Di culty: Tough, because not given in routine books / newspapers. Yes, there is vague reference in
Hindu in 2016 and before- but that doesn’t count.
Answer: Studies have shown that increased concentrations of carbon dioxide increase photosynthesis,
spurring plant growth…Results showed that carbon dioxide fertilization explains 70 percent of the
greening e ect. [NASA 2016 (https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/carbon-dioxide-fertilization-
greening-earth)]

Guessmaster-giriTM helps, if you go by GM-Rule#5

(http://mrunal.org/gm#5) then word-association: “fertilizers”
associates with “plant” and “growth”, then you arrive at
correct option-A #WITHOUT-STUDYING-ANYTHING..
Q45. The term “sixth mass extinction/sixth extinction” is often mentioned in the news in the
context of the discussion of (Pre18 Set-D)
a. Widespread monoculture practices in agriculture and large-scale commercial farming with

indiscriminate use of chemicals in many parts of the world that may result in the loss of good native
ecosystems.
b. Fears of a possible collision of a meteorite with the Earth in the near future in the manner it happened
65 million years ago that caused the mass extinction of many species including those of dinosaurs. .
c. Large scale cultivation of genetically modi ed crops in many parts of the world and promoting their
cultivation in other parts of the world which may cause the disappearance of good native crop plants
and the loss of food biodiversity.
d. Mankind’s over-exploitation/misuse of natural resources, fragmentation/loss of natural
habitats, destruction of ecosystems, pollution and global climate change.
Di culty: Medium to Tough, depending on whether you ever came across this term or not.
Answer: D R Khullar & Rao’s book on Environment for Civil Services (McGraw-Hill Publication): Page 4.25
Scientists are, in fact, even suggesting that the sixth mass extinction is underway as there is a species loss
of 100–1000 every year….The normal background extinction rate is about 10–25 species per year. Habitat
loss, overpopulation of humans, pollution, over-harvesting and invasive species invasion are cited as the
main reasons.
It was also in news under theHindu 2017-July (http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/earth-

facing-sixth-mass-extinction/article19260792.ece).
Q51. Which of the following is/are the possible consequence/s of heavy sand mining in riverbeds ?
(Pre18 Set-D)
1. Decreased salinity in the river

2. Pollution of groundwater
3. Lowering of the water-table 
6/19/2018
Select the correct answer using the[Anskey] Prelim-2018: Environment Tough but Lake Baikal not dried YET
code given below :
a. 1 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1 ,2 and 3
Di culty: Easy, given verbatim in Shankar’s book, and can be solved even with basic understanding of
geography and environment.
Answer: ShankarIAS’s Environment Book

ch.7 on Environmental Issues, subtopic Sand Mining: “It wrecks the intertidal area and creates the
imminent danger of saline water ingress into fresh water.” Meaning salinity will increase, so statement#1
is wrong, by elimination we’ve answer “B” 2 and 3 only.
In this question, rst statement is wrong, and you’ve to identify right statements. So in real exam stress,
some students may have made error of reading / ticking, and they’d have ticked the wrong option A: only
1. (you’re right that it’s wrong statement, but you’re not asked to tick the wrong one.) So, be mindful of
ticking in OMR.
Anti-GuessmasterTM question because GM-rule#4: that in

UPSC “3tf MCQ” (3-statement-true/false), IF each individual
statement contains barely 1-2 words then all of them are
correct. Yes, here more than 2 words due to articles and
prepositions, so, basic skeleton is similar. So, going by fourth
rule, you’ll reach the wrong answer D.
Q28. Which of the following has/have shrunk immensely/dried up in the recent past due to human
activities ? (Pre18 Set-D)
1. Aral Sea
2. Black Sea
3. Lake Baikal

6/19/2018
Select the correct answer using the[Anskey] Prelim-2018: Environment Tough but Lake Baikal not dried YET
code given below :
a. 1 only
b. 2 and 3
c. 2 only
d. 1 and 3
Di culty: Tough, because not covered in routine books and newspapers in last one calendar year.
Answer:
The Aral Sea, in Central Asia, used to be the fourth largest lake in the world, after the Caspian Sea, and
Lakes Superior and Victoria. Now barely 10% of it is left. BBC-2014
(https://www.bbc.com/news/resources/idt-a0c4856e-1019-4937-96fd-8714d70a48f7). This eliminates B
and C, because they don’t contain #1. And we also need not nd about Black Sea, because neither A
nor D have option #2.
So, it all boils down to whether Lake Baikal has shrunk immensely or not?
Baikal might share the destiny of the Aral Sea,‘it stated. ’Construction of three hydro power stations
on the Selenga River and its tributaries can cause the unique lake to dry out.’ Ref: Siberian Times
2016-March (http://siberiantimes.com/ecology/casestudy/features/f232-extreme-warnings-issued-
that-lake-baikal-could-drain-dry-like-the-aral-sea/). But the words used are “might” and “can”, so it
doesn’t mean “has immensely dried already”
Lake Baikal’s has been crippled by a series of detrimental phenomena….They include the
disappearance of the omul sh, rapid growth of putrid algae and the death of endemic species of
sponges across its vast 3.2 million-hectare area. [TheHindu 2017-Oct
(http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/worlds-deepest-lake-in-peril/article19892643.ece)], but
there is no mention of immensely drying up.
China wants water from Russia’s Lake Baikal to irrigate drought-hit regions . Water taken from Baikal
will be a fraction for the lake, which contains 23,000 cubic kilometers or roughly 20 percent of the
world’s unfrozen surface fresh water. Russian government has not commented on the issue, but
environmentalists have expressed concerns that Lake Baikal has been drying up at an alarming pace.
Also in 2015, Baikal’s water level hit a record low – ve centimeters below the critical level of 456
meters. [RussiaTimes March-2017 (https://www.rt.com/business/379699-baikal-fresh-water-russia-
china/)]. But this description is not ‘grave’ enough to say “has shrunk immensely / dried up in recent
past”. So #3 is close but not relevant yet, until it actually happens.
Hence answer A: 1 only.
National Acts, Organizations, Yearbook Type

Q19. How is the National Green Tribunal (NGT) di erent from the Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB) (Pre18 Set-D)
1. The NGT has been established by an Act whereas the CPCB has been created by an executive order of
the Government.
2. The NGT provides environmental justice and helps reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts
whereas the CPCB promotes cleanliness of streams and wells, and aims to improve the quality of air in
the country.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct:
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. Neither 1 nor 2
Di culty: Easy because matter covered verbatim in NIOS Environment and IYB.
Answer: NIOS Environment PDF, page 175
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), is statutory organization, was constituted in September, 1974
under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. So #1 is wrong.
Principal functions of the CPCB, as spelt out in the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1974, and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, (i) to promote cleanliness of streams
and wells in di erent areas. So last part of sentence #2 is right.
iyb ch. 12 on Environment: National Green Tribunal (NGT) was set up in 2010 under the NGT Act, 2010,
for the purpose of e ective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection.
The Tribunal shall not be bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908,
but shall be guided by principles of natural justice. The Tribunal is mandated to make an endeavor for
disposal of applications or appeals nally within 6 months of ling. So rst part of sentence #2 is right.
Q83. Consider the following statements: (Pre18 Set-D)
1. The de nition of “Critical Wildlife Habitat” is incorporated in the Forest Rights Act, 2006.
2. For the rst time in India, Baigas have been given Habitat Rights.
3. Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change o cially decides and declares Habitat
Rights for Primitive and Vulnerable Tribal Groups in any part of India.
a. 1 and 2 only

b. 2 and 3 only
c. 3 only
d. 1, 2 and 3
Di culty: Tough. Baigas tribals getting habitat rights is an old news from 2016. इतना पुराना GK कौन याद
रखता है ? Some of the senior candidates may even know from IYB that Forest rights act falls under domain
of Tribal Ministry (Ch.28 on Welfare) so #3 ought to be irrelevant but in real exam stress, possible to have
second thoughts about that too, because MOEFCC could be responsible for vulnerable tribes!? Besides,
Government had changed the term “primitive” to “particular” because the former word was disrespectful,
yet UPSC has used the same here to describe those tribes.
Answer:
Baigas are considered as a particularly vulnerable tribal group (PVTG) in the Indian Constitution and
rely mostly on shifting cultivation, forest produce and shing for sustenance, spread over forested
areas of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. In 2016, they became India’s rst community to get
habitat rights. Ref: Downtoearth-2016 (https://www.iasabhiyan.com/baiga-tribals-become-indias- rst-
community-to-get-habitat-rights-prelims-2016/) So, #2 is right.
Same page mentions that the government of Madhya Pradesh / district collector has recognised the
habitat rights so #3 is wrong. Another source is PIB page (http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?
relid=108222), which says district level Committees have to adjudicate the rights, whereas Tribal
ministry only issues guidelines. That makes #3 wrong / irrelevant.
By elimination, we are left with answer A: only 1 and 2.
If you go by GM-Rule#1 (http://mrunal.org/gm#1) extreme

worded statements are always wrong and GM-Rule#3
(http://mrunal.org/gm#3) that parent organizations are
always wrong then on both rules, statement#3 ought to be
wrong, and by elimination you get right answer A,
#WITHOUT-STUDYING-ANYTHING..
Q79. In which one of the following States is Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary located? (Pre18 Set-D)
a. Arunachal Pradesh
b. Manipur
c. Meghalaya

d. Nagaland
Di culty: Tough because di cult to memorize so many places. Besides, even if you vaguely
remembered that it’s in North East, all four options are closely related.
Answer: McGraw-hill General Studies Manual 2018

(https://www.amazon.in/gp/product/9352607414/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=mrunal08-
21&creative=24630&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=9352607414&linkId=0cc784e2fcb5ad74631b7ea9c0b9370
page F46: “Pakhui Tiger reserve” is in Arunanchal Pradesh, so if there is a wildlife sanctuary in Pakhui, it
should be in “A” for Arunanchal Pradesh.
ShankarIAS’s Environment Book (https://www.amazon.in/gp/product/B00Q6Q5WHS/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?

ie=UTF8&tag=mrunal08-
has given “Pakke Tiger reserve: Arunanchal Pradesh” (Appendix Page335), but that doesn’t help, because
same place is also known as Pakhuai, but this crucial fact not mention there. So, if you’ve time, you can
become Harry Potter’s Half-Blood prince and note it down in your copy of Shankar’s book that Pakke =
Pakhui.
International Org: “About us”
Q53. The Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE), a UN mechanism to assist countries
transition towards greener and more inclusive economies, emerged at (Pre18 Set-D)
a. The Earth Summit on Sustainable Development 2002, Johannesburg

b. The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 2012, Rio de Janeiro
c. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2015, Paris
d. The World Sustainable Development Summit 2016, New Delhi
Di culty: Tough, because asked from “About us” page of random international body. Even if you
remembered it’s associated with sustainable development, still there are three options A, B and D
containing that term.
Answer: In 2012, Rio+20 (the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development) was held in
Brazil….Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE) was launched in 2013 as a response to the call at
Rio+20 to support those countries wishing to embark on greener and more inclusive growth trajectories.
[Ref: Organizations’ About US Page (http://www.un-page.org/about/who-are-we)]
Q58. “Momentum for Change : Climate Neutral Now” is an initiative launched by (Pre18 Set-D)
a. The Intergovernmentai Panel on Climate Change

b. The UNEP Secretariat 
c. The UNFCCC Secretariat
d. The World Meteorological Organisation
Di culty: Tough. This is also “about us page” type MCQ from an event that occurred in 2016.
Answer: UNFCCC secretariat launched its Climate Neutral Now initiative in 2015. The following year, the
secretariat launched a new pillar under its Momentum for Change initiative focused on Climate Neutral
Now, as part of larger e orts to showcase successful climate action around the world. (Their “About US
Page (https://unfccc.int/climate-action/momentum-for-change/climate-neutral-now)”)
Q90. With reference to the ‘Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture (GACSA)’, which of the
following statements is/are correct? (Pre18 Set-D)
1. GACSA is an outcome of the Climate Summit held in Paris in 2015.

2. Membership of GACSA does not create any binding obligations.
3. India was instrumental in the creation of GACSA.
Select the correct answer using the code given
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2 and 3
Di culty: Tough. This is also an “about us page” type MCQ from a relatively unknown organization for
competitive exams.
Answer:
GACSA is an inclusive, voluntary and action-oriented multi-stakeholder platform on Climate-Smart

Agriculture (CSA). [Ref: Their about us (http://www.fao.org/gacsa/about/en/#c344279) page]
“Voluntary” means doesn’t create any biding obligation. #2 is right.
India is neither in memberlist (http://www.fao.org/gacsa/members/members-list/en/) nor in observer
list (http://www.fao.org/gacsa/members/observers-list/en/) of this entity. So #3 is wrong. By
elimination we get answer B: only 2.

Anti-GuessmasterTM question. By GM-Rule#1

(http://mrunal.org/gm#1), extreme worded statement#2
ought to be wrong then by elimination you arrive at wrong
answer A.
AGRO
Q44. With reference to the circumstances in Indian agriculture, the concept of “Conservation
Agriculture” assumes signi cance. Which of the following fall under the Conservation Agriculture?
(Pre18 Set-D)
1. Avoiding the monoculture practices

2. Adopting minimum tillage
3. Avoiding the cultivation of plantation crops
4. Using crop residues to cover soil surface
5. Adopting spatial and temporal crop sequencing/crop rotations
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a. 1, 3 and 4
b. 2, 3, 4 and 5
c. 2, 4 and 5
d. 1, 2, 3 and 5
Di culty: Tough. Although topic’s in-depth coverage given in Kurukshetra Feb 2018, but most candidates
underestimate / ignore this magazine. And even if you had read it, it’s tough to take a call in actual exam
on the validity of statement 1 and 3.
Answer: Kurukshetra February 2018 Issue on Agriculture, page 43 has given three key features of
conservation agriculture viz:

i. minimum soil disturbance by adopting no-tillage or minimum tillage and reduced tra c for
agricultural operations. So, #2 is right. This eliminates Option-A.
ii. maximum soil cover by leaving crop residues on the soil surface. So, #4 is right. This eliminates
Option-D.
iii. adopt spatial and temporal crop sequencing/crop rotation. So, #5 is verbatim right.
There are two options- B and C where 2, 4 and 5 are together. So it all boils down to validity of #3. Same
magazine, page 31 even says Conservation Agriculture approach also involves Diversi ed Crop Rotation
involving cereal-pulse system. Then we can infer that if we’ve to do avoid monoculture and plantation
crop. Then #1 and #3 are also right ‘indirectly’. But there is no option where all ve statements are
together. Considering this unique situation, I’ll lend more weight to page 43 over page 31, and go for
Answer C: 2, 4 and 5.
Q52. With reference to agricultural soils, consider the following statements : (Pre18 Set-D)
1. A high content of organic matter in soil drastically reduces its water holding capacity.
2. Soil does not play any role in the Sulphur cycle.
3. Irrigation over a period of time can contribute to the salinization of some agricultural lands.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 3 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2 and 3

Di6/19/2018
culty: Easy, covered in NCERT.[Anskey] Prelim-2018: Environment Tough but Lake Baikal not dried YET
Answer:
Organic matter helps improving water retention capacity. This is indirectly implied in NCERT Class7
Ch9 Soil. But since people engage in hairsplittery so here is exact proof- NIOS Geography Page 35: The
process of decay, added by bacterial action, transforms organic matter into humus. Humus enhances water
retention capacity of the soil. So, #1 is wrong. By elimination we are left with Answer B: 3 only.
ShankarIAS’s Environment Book
Ch2 Functions of Ecosystem, Page 18: Sulphur Cycle: The Sulphur reservoir is in the soil and sediments
where it is locked in organic and inorganic deposits….. Sulphur bound in living organisms is carried
back to the soil, through excretion and decomposition. So, soil does play a role in this cycle. #2 is
wrong. This eliminates A and D. In the remaining options B and C, statement#3 is common, so you
must accept without any proof that irrigation can contribute to salinization.
Guessmaster-giriTM is possible, if you go by GM-Rule#1

(http://mrunal.org/gm#1) that extreme worded statements
are always wrong, then #1 and #2 have to be wrong, by
elimination, you arrive at correct answer B #WITHOUT-
STUDYING-ANYTHING..
Q85. With reference to organic farming in India, consider the following statements: (Pre18 Set-D)
1. The National Programme for Organic Production’ (NPOP) is operated under the guidelines and
directions of the Union Ministry of Rural Development.
2. The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority’ (APEDA) functions as
the Secretariat for the implementation of NPOP.
3. Sikkim has become India’s rst fully organic State.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 3 only 
d. 1, 2 and 3
Di culty: Tough because although Sikkim=Organic state is a widely covered factoid but this scheme was
not a very hot topic of agriculture, and not covered in routine material.
Answer: According to the PDF noti cation at APEDA

(http://www.apeda.gov.in/apedawebsite/organic/organic_contents/english_organic_sept05.pdf)
This scheme is under Commerce ministry, but Secretariat assistance by APEDA so #1 is wrong, #2 is
right.
Sikkim indeed India’s rst fully organic state: My 2016’s Lecture series BES164/P2
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r64RHmApFAk) So, #3 is right.
Anti-GuessmasterTM question. By GM-Rule#1

(http://mrunal.org/gm#1), extreme worded statement#3
ought to be wrong then by elimination you arrive at wrong
answer A. Similarly, by GM-Rule#3 (http://mrunal.org/gm#3)
Parent organizations are always wrong then #1 and #2 ought
to be wrong, then also by elimination you arrive at wrong
answer C.
Epilogue
So, in Prelims-2018, whether Guessmaster-giriTM was helpful or not? Till now, I’ve solved total 44 MCQs
from Science, Polity and Environment. Out of them 10 could be solved blindly by GM-rules
(http://mrunal.org/gm) #WITHOUT-STUDYING-ANYTHING., whereas same rules will back re in total 7
Anti-GuessmasterTM MCQs. Therefore net Gain = 10 x 2 – 7 x 0.66 = + 15.4 marks
However, serious players would have solved Easy MCQs from their knowledge, so if we lter out those
MCQs, then the ‘REAL-advantage’ gained by a Serious-player-cum-Guessmaster was 6 x 2 – 5 x 0.66 =
+8.7 marks
Complete picture will emerge once I’m done solving remaining portions of the paper.
As mentioned in an earlier article, the motive behind this activity is not to encourage an atmosphere of
‘cheats / hacks’ but to accomplish two objectives (1) UPSC examiner should take cognizance of this aw
and (2) until that happens, everyone should bene t from this dark-art.

(https://unacademy.com/plus?
goal=upsc%20cse&utm_source=Mrunal&utm_medium=Bottom_Banner_28_05_18)
 Mrunal recommends
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
6/19/2018
[T25] UPSC Mock Round#19: Comprehension Passages, Reasoning & Maths for
[Anskey] Prelim-2018: Environment Tough but Lake Baikal not dried YET
Prelims Paper-2 (CSAT) (http://mrunal.org/2018/05/t25-upsc-mocktest-r19-

aptitude.html)
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15 Comments on “[Answerkey] UPSC Prelim-2018: Environment &

Agriculture is Tough & Cynicism Inspiring, But don’t dry-up before
Lake Baikal”
Shipra REPLY 
Sir please provide lecture series for mains
Prabh REPLY 
Sir aap toh hamare liye doobte ka tinka ho. Been following your posts from
many years, yet jin ko coaching k naam pe lakh rupiya diya unse koi
guidance nhi mili, dukh sukh aap ne hi baanta hai.
Cant thank you enough for these yearly prelims reviews
Kamlesh REPLY 
Please share GS PAPER PDF link set D only
Raju Rajesh REPLY 
Your explanation for Lake Baikal is bizarre and answer is inaccurate .UPSC
doesn’t play with such micro information and the level of hair-splitting that
you people do after examinations is improbable in real exam. Do you really
think Siberian times article will be referred to while framing a question or
any candidate will be able to recollect if it is shrinking or has shrunk ?This is

a methodology by which original and simple thinking is gradually killed and
ultimately aspirants get used to overthinking .Overthinking and hair-

splitting does more harm than good and at the end of the day poor aspirant
su ers. Lake Baikal is drying up and this is a well known fact .That is what
UPSC was testing , they were not accepting a PHD .
I remember how UPSC took the simple meaning of ”steadily increased ” last
year , they didn’t go for mathematical interpretation which could have
changed the answer. There are similar instances in many other questions of
previous years as well.
 Rohit REPLY 
Agree. Check this article: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-

water-con ict/in-russia-a-drying-lake-threatens-an-era-of-water-wars-
idUSKBN0MC18X20150316 (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-
russia-water-con ict/in-russia-a-drying-lake-threatens-an-era-of-
water-wars-idUSKBN0MC18X20150316) Even when you say
immensely this article well con rms that the lake has shrunk
immensely.
Raju Rajesh REPLY 
Your explanation for Lake Baikal is bizarre and answer is inaccurate .UPSC
doesn’t play with such micro information and the level of hair-splitting that
you people do after examinations is improbable in real exam. Do you really
think Siberian times article will be referred to while framing a question or
any candidate will be able to recollect if it is shrinking or has shrunk ?This is
a methodology by which original and simple thinking is gradually killed and
ultimately aspirants get used to overthinking .Overthinking and hair-
splitting does more harm than good and at the end of the day “poor
aspirant” su ers. Lake Baikal is drying up and this is a well known fact .That
is what UPSC was testing , they were not expecting a PHD .
I remember how UPSC took the simple meaning of ”steadily increased ” last

year , they didn’t go for mathematical interpretation which could have
changed the answer. There are similar instances in many other questions of
previous years as well.
 PRANAV JAIN REPLY 
Raju Bhai,
You are doing the hair spilttery not mrunal sir.
 ashish pandey REPLY 
this is the age of global warming, every lake is shrinking.

therefore they mentioned “drastically “. and yes lake baikal has
not shrunk drastically. bro even point 2 i.e black sea is shrinking
https://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/27989/20160902/oh-
black-sea-losing-habitable-waters.htm
(https://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/27989/20160902/oh-
black-sea-losing-habitable-waters.htm)
therefore we must go for only Aral sea
Daya REPLY 
Thank you reverent teacher.
Amit REPLY 
Baikal Lake – > Answer -> Latest Events 2018 Feb News ->
https://www.eastrussia.ru/en/material/spasenie-ozera-obshchee-delo/
(https://www.eastrussia.ru/en/material/spasenie-ozera-obshchee-delo/)
midhun kumar REPLY 


My environment was utter op show i should have left guessmastergiri
questions.
RAGHAV KUMAR REPLY 
PLEASE TEACH ECONOMY SIR ON 2018 PATTERN OF QUESTIONS ASKED.
RAJINDER SINGH MANN REPLY 
Sir please provide lecture series for mains
Rohit REPLY 
@mrunal Check this article which clearly explains how lake baikal has
shrunk immensely.
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-water-con ict/in-russia-a-drying-
lake-threatens-an-era-of-water-wars-idUSKBN0MC18X20150316
(https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-water-con ict/in-russia-a-drying-
lake-threatens-an-era-of-water-wars-idUSKBN0MC18X20150316)
Ramesh REPLY 
please explore the consensus of correct answers against the following

controversial questions.
1. Human Capital — b or c
2 Capital Adequacy Ratio — a or d
3. API — b or c
4. Capital Infusion — b or c
5. GST Exemption — a or c
6. Money Bill — a or c
7. Value of the vote of MPs — a or c

I am of the opinion that the above questions are only controversial left
otherwise the answers of all other questions are almost nalised. Sl. no. 3
and 7 may be cancelled due to their ambiguous nature. The answers of
these questions will decide the fate of border line candidates. I am also one
of them. Please help me to reduce my anxiety.
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21-May: Punjab PCS (http://www.ppsc.gov.in/usermanual.ashx?id=c7514)
17-May: Reg C Bio (http://rcb.res.in/upload/2018/Bio-incubator_ATPC_positions_Ad_01052018.pdf)
16-May: TN news print (http://www.tnpl.com/Careers/tnplsecretarial-post_02-05-18.pdf)
 Deskjobs
13-JulRaj SSC
(http://www.rsmssb.rajasthan.gov.in/Static/ les/Full_Advt_LabAssistant2018_1571_09052018.pdf)
22-JunFerro Scrap Ltd (http://fsnl.nic.in/FSNL_Emp_2018_3_H.pdf)
18-JunNIPER (http://niperraebareli.edu.in/advertiesment/Advt.%20No.%202-2018.pdf)
15-Jun: Rajasthan ssc (http://www.rsmssb.rajasthan.gov.in/page?
menuName=EJwE/Y7GD1hMok0YfKTFOtUJMJFGLBa;455611;jbRgWtRe9q4=)
08-Jun: Raj clerk
(http://www.rsmssb.rajasthan.gov.in/Static/ les/FullAdvt_LDC2018_1393_160418_1.pdf)

31-MayBihar State Power (https://blog.oliveboard.in/2018/05/14/accountant-bihar-state-power/ )
30-MayGuwahati HC
(http://kohimahighcourt.gov.in/NoticeBoard/Advertisement%20dated%20Kohima%2008.05.2018.pdf
29-MayGuj Ins Corp (https://www.gico ndia.com/DAILEDADVERTISEMENT_8-5-2018_new.pdf)
28-May: TN court (http://ecourts.gov.in/sites/default/ les/Recruitment%20-%20English_0.pdf)
24-May: AP postal dept (http://www.appost.in/gdsonline/Home.aspx)
18-May: Raj. Assistant (http://rsmssb.rajasthan.gov.in/Static/ les/TA.pdf)
18-May: Raj Assistant (https://drive.google.com/ le/d/1Rkd8q-sgkZC_zK4F4DdP0ru-
t1uWVUKG/view)
18-May: Guwhati court (http://ghconline.gov.in/Recruitment/Noti cation-26-04-2018-1.pdf)
17-May: Mumbai Port (http://www.mumbaiport.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/3204528550.pdf)
16-MayDelhi HC
(http://delhihighcourt.nic.in/writereaddata/upload/Recruitments/OpenPositions/CurrentJobFile_QP1
16-MayMadras HC (http://www.hcmadras.tn.nic.in/Notf56of2018.pdf)
15-May: Karnatka Govt (http://lokayukta.kar.nic.in/Noti cation.pdf)
15-May: IAHE (http://www.iahe.org.in/Group%20’C’-%20IAHE.pdf)
 Commerce/MBA
23-MayTN News Print (http://www.tnpl.com/Careers/tnpl_ nance&accounts_posts_090518.pdf)
22-May: MP Power (http://www.mppgcl.mp.gov.in/careers.html)
16-May: NTPC (http://open.ntpccareers.net/201804 nchmed/index_ les/adeng.pdf)
15-May: Guj High court (https://hc-
ojas.guj.nic.in/AdvtDetailFiles/Detail_Advertisement_CM_201819.pdf)
 Faculty
16-Jun: Raj Teacher (https://blog.oliveboard.in/2018/04/19/rajlecturer/)
09-Jun: Rajasthan Teacher ( https://blog.oliveboard.in/2018/04/20/teachers-rajasthan-job/)
09-Jun: Raj Sr Teacher
(https://rpsc.rajasthan.gov.in/Static/RecruitmentAdvertisements/74FB00F82B814907BB79EEF840FC45
21-May: odisha teachers
(http://ordistportalcontent.nic.in/storeddata/results/ORISUN_RESULTS_2018_9017.pdf)
21-May: Haryana PCS (http://www.hppsc.hp.gov.in/hppsc/Advertisement(Various+Posts).pdf)
15-May: HAL (http://hal-india.co.in/%20copy%202018-19_2.pdf)
1. Online Form Part-I stops few days before deadline, so don't wait till last date. Dont forget reg.id
& roll no.Note'em in Google Drive (https://www.google.com/drive/)

2.6/19/2018 [Anskey] Prelim-2018: Environment Tough but Lake Baikal not dried YET
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6/19/2018 [Anskey] Prelim-2018: Environment Tough but Lake Baikal not dried YET

[Answerkey] UPSC Prelim-2018: Environment & Agriculture is Tough &

1. Environment: continuity and change in Prelims-2018

Fatalism & Cynicism inspiring Paper?

2018’s Prelim is tougher than earlier years- it’s an undisputed fact.

How to prepare Environment and biodiversity for Prelims – 2019?

NIOS Environment PDF (http://www.nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-

Agriculture: continuity & change in Prelims-2018

How to prepare Agriculture for Prelims – 2019?

Solutions for Prelim-2018

Now let’s solve the environment- agro MCQs asked in Prelims-2018

a. Its extract is widely used in cosmetics.

Answer: ShankarIAS’s Environment Book

Q57. Consider the following statements (Pre18 Set-D)

1. Most of the world’s coral reefs are in tropical waters.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Di culty: Tough because no single routine book contains all information.

From GCL to ShankarIAS’s Environment Book

Anti-GuessmasterTM question because GM-Rule#1

Pollution and Clean Energy

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Guessmaster-giriTM can only help narrowing down choices:

Guessmaster-giriTM helps, if you go by GM-Rule#5

a. Widespread monoculture practices in agriculture and large-scale commercial farming with

It was also in news under theHindu 2017-July (http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/earth-

1. Decreased salinity in the river

Answer: ShankarIAS’s Environment Book

Anti-GuessmasterTM question because GM-rule#4: that in

Hence answer A: 1 only.

National Acts, Organizations, Yearbook Type

Which of the statements given above is/are correct:

Answer: NIOS Environment PDF, page 175

Q83. Consider the following statements: (Pre18 Set-D)

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

If you go by GM-Rule#1 (http://mrunal.org/gm#1) extreme

Answer: McGraw-hill General Studies Manual 2018

ShankarIAS’s Environment Book (https://www.amazon.in/gp/product/B00Q6Q5WHS/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?

International Org: “About us”

a. The Earth Summit on Sustainable Development 2002, Johannesburg

a. The Intergovernmentai Panel on Climate Change

1. GACSA is an outcome of the Climate Summit held in Paris in 2015.

Select the correct answer using the code given

GACSA is an inclusive, voluntary and action-oriented multi-stakeholder platform on Climate-Smart

Anti-GuessmasterTM question. By GM-Rule#1

1. Avoiding the monoculture practices

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Guessmaster-giriTM is possible, if you go by GM-Rule#1

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Answer: According to the PDF noti cation at APEDA

Anti-GuessmasterTM question. By GM-Rule#1

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15 Comments on “[Answerkey] UPSC Prelim-2018: Environment &

Sir please provide lecture series for mains

Please share GS PAPER PDF link set D only