Best Approach

Area Under The Curve

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MC SIR
Theorem
AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Let f(x) be a continuous function defined on [a, b]. Then
the area bounded by the curve y = f(x), x–axis and the
CURVE SKETCHING b b

ordinates x = a and x = b is given by  f(x) dx or

a
 y dx
a

when f(x) 0  x  [a, b] .

dA = y dx diffrential element of area.

NOTE Example 1 Evaluate area bounded by the curve y = x2

Sometimes area can be evaluated by considering between ordinates x = 1 and x = 2 and x-axis.
horizontal strip. In such case integration is performed
with respect to y.
b
A =  x dy
a
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Example 2 The area of the region bounded by y2 = 9x, x = 2, Example 3 Find the area bounded by the x-axis, part of the
x = 4 and the x-axis in the first quadrant is 8
curve y = 1 + and the ordinates x = 2 and x = 4
(A) 8 + 3 (B) 16 + 2 x2
(C) 16 – 4 2 (D) 4 – 5

Example 4 Show that the area enclosed by one arc of Example 5 Show that the area enclosed by the line
y = sin x and the x-axis is 2. segments |x| + |y| = 1 is 2.
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Example 6 Evaluate area bounded by y = ln x, x-axis and the Example 7 The area bounded by the curve y = x3, the x-axis
1 and the ordinate at x = – 2 and x = 1 is
two ordinates x = and x = e.
e 9 15 15 17
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 4 4

Example 8 The area enclosed by the curve |y| = sin 2x, when Example 9 Find the area bounded by x = 2y – y2 and the
x [0, 2] is y-axis.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
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Example 10 Find the area bounded by Example 11 Find the area of the figure bounded by the
y = sin–1 x, y = cos–1 x and the x-axis. parabolas x = – 2y2, x = 1 – 3y2.

Example 12 Find the area bounded by the parabola Example 13 The area bounded by the curve
y = x2 + 1 and the straight line x + y = 3. y = 2x – x2 and the straight line y = – x is given by
(A) 9/2 (B) 43/6 (C) 35/6 (D) 1/3
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Example 14 Find the area of the region in the 1st quadrant Note
bounded on the left by the y-axis, below by the line
If f and g are two continuous function on [a, b] such
x
y = , above left by the curve y = 1+ x and above that the curve y = f(x) and y = g(x) intersect at c  (a, b)
4
and f(x) > g(x)  x  [a, c) and f(x) < g(x)  x  (c, a] then
2
right by the curve y = the area A bounded by the curves between the lines
x
x = a and x = b is given by
c b
A=  [f(x) – g(x)] dx +  [g(x) – f(x)] dx
a c

c b
or A=  (yUC
– yLC) dx +  (yUC – yLC) dx
a c

Standard areas to be remembered for the Example 15 The area between the parabola y = x2 and the
purpose of screening line y = x is
1 1 1
16ab (A) (B) (C) (D) None
1. y2 = 4ax ; x2 = 4by ; a> 0;b>0  A= 6 3 2
3
8a 2
2. y2 = 4ax and y = mx  A=
3m3

3. Area enclosed by y2 = 4ax and its double ordinate at

x=  (chord perpendicular to the axis of symmetry)

2
= ()  2 4a 
3
x 2 y2
4. Whole area of ellipse   1 = a b
a 2 b2
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Example 16 AOB is the positive quadrant of the ellipse Example 17 Find the ratio in which the area bounded by the
curves y2 = 12 x and x2 = 12y is divided by the
x 2 y2
  1 in which OA = a, OB = b. Then find line x = 3.
a 2 b2
the area between the arc AB and the chord AB of
the ellipse.

Example 18 Find the area, lying above the x-axis and EVALUATING AREA BY SHIFTING THE
included between thecircle x2 + y2 = 8x and the ORIGIN
parabola y2 = 4x.
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Example 19 Find the Area enclosed between the parabolas Example 20 Find the Area enclosed between the ellipse
y2 – 2y + 4x + 5 = 0 and x2 + 2x – y + 2 = 0 9x2 + 4y2 – 36x + 8y + 4 = 0 and the line
3x + 2y – 10 = 0 in the first quadrant

Example 21 Find the area enclosed by the parabola Example 22 The area enclosed between the curves y = ax2
(y – 2)2 = x – 1 and the tangent to it at (2, 3) and and x = ay2(a > 0) is 1 sq. unit. Then, the value of a
x-axis.
is
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D)
3 2 3
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Example 23 Find the value of 'a' (a > 2) for which the reciprocal Example 24 Find the area of the figure bounded by the
1 parabola y = ax2 + 12x – 14 and the straight line
of the area enclosed between y = 2 ; y = 9x – 32 if the tangent drawn to the parabola at
x
the point x = 3 is known to make an angle  – tan–16
1 with the x-axis.
y =  ; x = 2 and x = a is 'a' itself and for what
4(x  1)
values of b  (1, 2), the area of the figure bounded
1
by the lines x = b and x = 2 is 1 – .
b

AREA BOUNDED BY INVERSE OF Example 25 Find area bounded by the inverse function of
A FUNCTION y = f(x) = x3 + 1 between ordinates x = – 7 and x = 2
and x-axis.
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Example 26 Find the area bounded by the curve g(x), the OPTIMIZATION OF AREA FOR GREAT-
x-axis and the ordinate at x = – 1 and x = 4 where EST AND LEAST VALUE
g(x) is the inverse of the function If y = f(x) is a strictly monotonic function in (a, b) then
the area bounded by the ordinates at x = a, x = b, y = f(x)
x 3 x 2 13x
f(x) =   1 and y = f(c), [when c  (a, b)] is
24 8 12
ab
minimum when c = .
2

x3 Example 28 Find the value of the parameter 'a' for which the
Example 27 If the area bounded by f(x) = – x2 + a and the
3 area of the figure bounded by the abscissa axis,
straight lines x = 0 ; x = 2 and the x-axis is minimum, the graph of the function y = x3 + 3x2 + x + a and the
then find the value of 'a'. straight lines, which are parallel to the axis of
ordi nates and cut the abscissa axis at the point of
extremum of the function, is the least.
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Example 29 If the area bounded by y = x2 + 2x – 3 and the AREA ENCLOSED BY CURVE AND ITS
lines y = kx + 1 is least, find k and also the least
ASYMPTOTES AND LOOP PROBLEMS
area.

Example 30 Area enclosed by the curve (y – sin–1x)2 = x – x2. Example 31 The area of the loop of the curve, ay2 = x2 (a – x)
is.
8a 2
(A) 4a2 sq. units. (B) sq. units
15

16a 
(C) sq. units (D) None of these
9
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AREA IN RESPECT OF CURVE Example 32 Find the area enclosed by the curves
REPRESENTED PARAMETRICALLY x = a sin3t and y = acos3t