12/14/2018

Geosynthetics An
Overview

Madhira.R.Madhav
IIT & JNTU
Hyderabad

REVOLUTION IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
MATERIALS
Iron and Steel – Late 17th and 18th
Centuries
Concrete, Reinforced Concrete& Prestressed
Concrete – Late 19th and early 20th Centuries
Geosynthetics -1970s

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Geosynthetics
Geotextiles
Geogrids
Geonets
Geomembranes
Geocells
Geopipes
Geowebs
GCL-Geosynthetic clay liners
Geocomposites

GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIALS

SYNTHETIC NATURAL
POLYPROPYLENE JUTE
POLYESTER
POLYETHYLENE COIR
POLYAMIDE
PVC
BASIC TYPES OF GEOTEXTILES:
WOVEN & NONWOVEN

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Various types of polymers

PP- Polypropylene
HDPE- High Density
Polyethylene
LDPE- Low Density
Polyethylene
PET- Polyester
PA- Polyamide
PVC- Poly Vinyl Chloride
PS- Polystyrene
ABS- Acrylouitrile Butadiene
Styrene
LLDPE- Linear LDPE

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Types of polymeric Fibers/Yarns used in

the manufacture of Geotextiles

Fibers
Monofilament
Multifilament
Staple yarn
Slit-firm
monofilament
Slit-film
multifilament

Weaving
Plain
Basket
Twill
Satin

Geotextiles,
Geomembranes
& Geogrids

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Geonets & Geocells

Geomat, Paving Fabric & Paving Grid

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Geocomposite

Monofilament-on-monofilament
Geotextile

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Monofilament-on-tap- Geotextile

Slit tape-on-fibrillated slit tape

Geotextile

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Monofilament-on-multifilament
Geotextile

Multifilament-on-multifilament
Geotextile

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Extruded tape-on-extruded tape

Geotextile

Fibrillated yarn-on-fibrillated tape

Geotextile

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Needle punched continuous

filament Geotextile

Knitted Geotextile

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Photomicrographs of various
fabrics used as Geotextile

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Extruded Mesh

Structure of the
Geocomposite

1.Geotextile 2.Bitumen layer

3.Glass reinforcement 4.Separation file

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Cross-sections of currently
available Geosynthetic Clay liners

Seaming

(a) Butterfly stitch

(a) Folded stitch

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FUNCTIONS
Separation
Drainage
Filtration
Reinforcement
Liquid Barriers

Functions
• Separation &
reinforcement
• Filtration
• Paving
• Drainage

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Different Mechanisms involved in the use of

Geotextiles involved in the separation function
Mechanism of
soil fines pumping
into stone
aggregate voids
and prevention of
this situation using
Geotextile
Mechanism of
stone aggregate
intrusion in to soil
subgrade and
prevention of this
situation using
Geotextiles

Separation

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Filtration and Separation

Separation Geotextile Being Laid and

Covered

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Erosion Control

Use of Geotextile in Temporary

Road Construction

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Geosynthetic reinforcement for

embankment over soft soil

Internal Reinforcement - Retaining Walls Subgrade Stabilization

Steep Slope Reinforcement

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Reinforcement of asphalt pavement

Geotextile for slope protection against

erosion - allows water movement while
preventing movement of soil particles

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Composite Geosynthetic drain

Construction Sequence
a) Fill
placement
b) Unrolling of
the
Geosynthetic
c) Overlap
d) spreading of
granular
material
e) Dozing and
spreading
f) Final
compaction

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Advantages of Reinforcing the

Subgrade or Base
40 to 50% Saving in Granular Layer
Thickness without Performance Loss
Reduction in Excavation Depth and
Conservation of Natural Aggregate
Reduced Disturbance and Weakening of
Original Subgrade
Improved Fill Compaction
Increased Design Life

Advantages of Reinforcing the

Subgrade or Base –Cont’d
Control of Differential Settlement and
Rutting
Spanning of Voids or Weak Zones
Making the Impossible Possible

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Reinforcement

Spanning of Voids

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Geogrids Improve Strength & Reduce

Thickness of Granular Base

Mechanism of Interlock

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Unrolling of Geogrid

Laying of Gogrid

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Compaction of Fill – Note the Roller at

the Edge of the Slope

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Common Applications of Reinforced Soil

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Piled Reinforced Embankment

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PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL – INDEX
MECHANICAL
HYDRAULIC
ENDURANCE
DEGRADATION

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Apparent opening size apparatus

with frame for geotextile

Thickness measurement
apparatus developed

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Instron testing machine

Various grips

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Pull out test apparatus

Cone drop test

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Permittivity and transmissivity

Mechanical Properties
Tensile Strength Characteristics
Narrow Strip
Wide width

Creep
Junction Strength
Seam Strength

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Mechanical Properties -2
Interface Friction

Modified Direct Shear Test

Pull out test
Inclined plane test

Construction Survivability
Strength and stiffness
Puncture resistance
Tear resistance
Cutting resistance
Inflammability
Temperature stability
Ultra-violet stability
Absorption

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Durability (Longevity)
Abrasion resistance
Temperature stability
Chemical stability
Biological stability
Wetting and drying stability

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Geotextile Testing
Combined
load-
extension-
time curve

Interface Friction Tests

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