D E PA R M E N T T OF T H E I N TE R IOR

E T H N O L O G I C A L S U R V E Y PU B L I C A T I O N S

V O L U M E I I , PA R T

N E G R I T O S OF Z A M B A L E S

BY

W I LL I A M A LLA N R E E D

PA R T I . N E GRI TOS O F Z A MB A L E S

PA R T II . N AB A L O I O F B E NG U E T

PA R T III . B A T A K O F PA R A G U A
 SI R m
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h ave t h e h o no r to trans
I
b al es Pr o v i n c e ad e b y M r W il l i a
S u r v ey d u ri ng t h e y ear 1 9 03
,
.
DE PA R TME NT

I t i s t ran s i tted w ith t h e rec o

.
OF TH E

T H E E TH N O L O GI CA L S U R V
I

Mani l a, M ar ch 3 , 1 9 04
i t a s t ud y o f th e N egr i tos of Z a
N TE R I

A ll an R eed , of T h e E t h n ol og i c al
en d a
OR ,

EY ,

m
m
ti on th at it b e p u b l i s h ed as Par t I of V ol u e I I of a s eri es of s c i en ti fi c
s tu d i es to b e p u b l i s h ed b y th i s S u r v ey

m
.

R es p ec tfu l l y ,

Ch ief of Th e E thn ologi ca l S ur vey .

H on . DE A N C . W O R CE ST E R ,

S ecr etar y o the I n ter i or M an i l a

f , ,
P . I .

L E T T E R OF S U B MI T T A L

D E P A RTM E N T OF TH E I N TE RI OR ,

T H E E T H N O L O GI CA L S U R V EY ,

M ani la , M ar ch 1
-

,
1 9 04 .

SI R : I h a v e t h e h on o r to sub it h erew i t h y r ep or t on th e N eg r i tos

o f Za b al es .

V er
y r es p e c tful l y ,
WI LLI A M A LLA N REED .

D r A LB E T E
. R R N E ST J E N Ks ,
Chi ef f
o Th e E th l -

og i ca l S ur vey, IVI aR il a , P '

. 1 .
 CO N T E N TS
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P R E F A CE

CH A PT E R I

DI S TR I B UT I O N N OF E G R I T OS 1 .

P t d i t i b ti Ph i li p p in

m
r e sen s r u on in th e es 1
I n L uz on

I n th e so u th e rn i s l an d s 2
Co n c l u s i on 2

CHA PTE R II
T H E P R OV I NCE OF Z AM B AL E S 2
f t
( I e o g r ap h i c al ea u r es 2
Hi t i l k t h
s or c a s e c 2
H bi t t f t h N g i t
a a o e e r os

CH A PT E R III
THE N E G R I T OS
'

OF ZA M B A LE S 3
Ph i y s c al f t ea u r e s 1
P er an e n t ad o rn en t 3
D r es s 3

CH A PT E R I V
I N D U STR I A L LI FE 3
H o e l if e M . 3
A gi
r cul ure t 4

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r e 4
H un ti g n an d fis hi g n 4

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AMU S EM IE‘I ' ‘
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4
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L d o v er s
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5
.

C H A PT E R V I
G EN ERAL S OC I A L LI F T“ 5
T he chi l d 5 .

M ar r ig a e 5
Ri c e c er e on y
H d ea c er e ony 5
“
L e p ut
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or h o e c o n I i ngr
'

5
6

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v o rc e
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TI I E
Co N T E N T s

ZI I A P T E R V I

CH A PT E R
Con

V II

' ‘
E G R I J OS
ti nu ed
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a e

61
61

65

A I I E N I H X ICS
’ ’

A P PEND I X A . A N T I I R O P OM E T R I C M E A S U R E M E N TS 75
B . V oc A R U L A R I E s 79
I NDEX
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I LLU ST R AT I O N S

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P L AT E 1 . Ou l t i ne ap of th e Ph i l i p p i ne I s l an d s, s h ow n i g di t i b ti
s r u on o f

N eg r i t o s 18

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Ou t l i ne ap o f Z a b a l es , s h ow n i g d i t i b ti s r u on of N e g rito s

III N g it
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N g it f N

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IV an ang s o l , n e a r S u b ig , Z aI I I b a l es
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. e r o ro

V N g it f g Z b

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. e r o an ro A l ao , a al e s

N g it e r o wo an o f Z a b al es 30
V I I Vi w
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,

ill

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V III . V ar

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Sh wi g
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G ro u of e r os a o s a u ar at Cab ay a n , a al e s 30
f Z b l p N g it

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XI I I f Z b l p N g it i gh i f

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on th e ar

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P ur e N eg r i t o o f Z a b l h w i ng h i n t h h i
a es , s o a r o e c n

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f Z b l h wi g h i n t h f

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N eg ri to an o a a es , s o n a r o e ac e

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a es , li p p d b hi d
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di t i n

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N g it
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X XI I . N g it g i l
e r o b l p bl d
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an o a a es , e oo

X XI V . Ol d N g i t w e n f Z
r o b l p bl d o a o a a es , u re oo

N g it
e r f Z
o b l p bl d
an o a a es , ur e oo

X XVI . N g it
e r n f N g
o a ix d bl d o e ros , e oo

N g it
e r n f Z
o b l a o a a es

N g it ( i g a t f
e r os e P ) f M r O idn s t l N g ; ro a na y o aao ,
cc en a e ro s

ix d bl d e oo s

XX I X . G p f N g it
rou o t S et 1 Z b l
r o en a an a « 1
,
a a es

P i i p l n f T g il ti l Z b l ; p
r nc a e o Z b l nd i x d
a ,
a a es ur e a a a e

N g it e r o

X XX I . N g it f Z b l
e r os o ix d bl da a es , e oo s

X XXI I . G p f p pl
ro u o ll d A b l i n ; n n Ch i t i
eo e Z b l d
ca e ur o -

r s an a a an

N g i t i x d bl d
e r o e oo s

XXX I I I . N g it w
e r o f Z b l
o en o a a es

XX X I V . G p f g it w
ro u o t S
e t FE Z b l
r o h w i ng d
o en a an a ,
a a es , s o r es s "

X I XV
'

. N g i t g i l f Z b l n w i ng n k l
e r o r s o a fd i d b i
a es , o e ear ec ac e o r e e rr e s 58
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. r a or e r os o a a s

XX X V I I I N g i t n wi f d h t B t n

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XXX I X B tt l f N g it h t Z n b l
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N g it f B at k ing fi w i th b b

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n e r o a o aan a re a oo 58

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N g it f B t e r k i ng fi w i th b b
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d by N g it f Z b l

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XL I I B w d

m
. w o s an ar r o s u se e r os o a a es _ _ 58
X L I I I P i t i t k n b y N g i t f Z b l in h ti g
. os on a e e r os o a a es s oo n 58
XL I V N g it f B t d w i ng b w ; h g b i t l n

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n e r o a o a aan ra a o o -
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t n th l g

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XL V I M us i in t
c al nt d b y N g it f Z b l 58

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. s ru e s u se e r os o a a es

\LV I I
r
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os o a a es s n e
“
a n
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58
X L VI I I . N e gri t f Z
os o b l d i n g a a es an c 58
XI I X
J . N e r g it n
o f B ta eb t i ng g g d d n i g
o a an ea on s an a c n 58

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L N g i t f Z b l d i ng th t t d “ ”
58

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LI . N e g it w
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P N g i t w n n d i x d b l d w i th b bi Z b

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LII . u re e r o o a a e oo ,
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l es
LI I I . N g i t w n nd h i l d n Z b l
e r o o e a c re , a a es

LI V . N g i t hil d n S t F e Z b l
e r o c re ,
an a , a a es 72
LV . C p i ta
a f G b y
n oZ b l w i th a a an , a a es , N g ite r o an d Z a b al

wi v es 72
LV I . B y o f Z
s b l h w i ng
o a a es , s o sc ar s a d b y bl i t i g
e s er n for
f t
ev er s , e c 72
LV II . N g it w n f Z b l p
e r o o a o a a es , u re bl d h
oo ,
s ow n i g s c ar s

d b y b l i t in g f f
a e t s er or ev er s , e c

L VI I I . N g it w n f Z b l p
e r o o a o a a es , u re bl d h
oo , s ow n i g kin s

di s eas e 72
N g it
e r n o f Z b l ix d
a o a a es , e bl d h oo ,
s o win g k ins

di s eas e 7 "

N g it b y f Z b l
e r o ix d
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s ow n i g ki n s

di s ea s e

LXI . N g it
e r n o f Z b l ix d
a o a a es , e bl oo d , s h ow n i g kin s

di s eas e 72
LXI I . Cap it z I n
’
-

G ener al d el M o n te ,
N eg r i t o of Z a b al es

F I GU R E 1 .
“
B e l at i c ,
”
tr a p u se d by N g it "

e r os

2 . M ar k s ou di c e u se d by N g it e r os
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the w ri t e r w en i n t t h e l a tt e r p ar t o f A pri l t o I b a Z a b a l e s w l e e a , ,
r

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A ft r a jo ur n ey o f 2 5
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T ag i l t i l Du n
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r an c h eri as w er e p ass ed th e p eop l e o f tw o o f w h i c h h ad al r ead y v i s i t ed

,

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M ar c l i n oe A ft er a w eek w i th th e N eg ri t os at th i s p l ac e a t rip w as
.

a d e t o w a r d th P a p an g a b ou n d ar y t o Gab ay an an d A g l ao th e f or er
e ,

l c al it y i nh ab i t d b y e er al s all g rou p s o f N eg r i to s th e l att er an

o e s v ,

I s l at ed I l o k an o b arri o i n an d n ear w h i c h t h e N eg ri t o s l i e
o A is it v . v

t t h r an c h i as n ear S u b i g an d Ol on g ap o c on c l u d ed t h e i n s t i g at io n
o e er ve .

I II al l , or th an a th ou san d N eg ri t os w er e seen
e
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Wi th n l y a sh or t t i
o at a p l ac e i t i s e i d en t th at an ex h au s t i v e
e v

s t udy o f th p o p l e o f an y p ar t i c u l ar l oc al i ty c o u l d n ot b e ad e B u t
e e .

th e c u l t u r p l an e o f th e n tir e ar ea i s pr ac t i c all y t h e sa e an d t h e f a t
e e ,
c s

as h er e pr esen t ed s h o u l d g i v e a g oo d i d ea o f t h e c u st o s an d th e g en er l a

c on d i t i on o f th e N eg ri to s f Z a b al es P r ov i n c e
o T h e sh or t t i at . e

I n d i p o s al f o t h e i n e t i g at i o n is
v s r v
y
s o n l y e x c u s e f o t h e e a g e r t r e a t r

n t g i en
e v o e l i n es o f s t u d v
s as f o ex a p l e p h y s i c al an th r o p l g y
-

,
r ,
o o

an d l an g u ag e .

I n as u c h as n oth i n g h a et b en p u b l i sh ed b y T h e E t h n o l g i al
s y e o é

S u e on t h e N eg ri t o s o f t h P h i l ipp in es I h a
rv y e th ou g ht i t n o t ou t
,
ve

o f p l ac e t o p ef ac e y r p o r t w ith an i n t
r e d u c t o v c h ap t r n th eir
ro r e o

9
10

dis
m
mmm
m PR E F A CE

t r i b u ti on T h e d at a c ontai n ed th er ei n
.

T h e ph oto g r ap h s o f th e Z a b al es N eg ri t os w er
D i a on d an d th os e o f th e B at aan N eg ri t o s ar e f r o
H on D ean C Wo r c est er S ec r et ar y o f th e I n t eri o r
. .
,

p h o t og r ap h i s g i v en on th e p l at e as i t app ear s .
b een c o p i l ed b y
f r o i n f o r at i on gath er ed b y th e S u r v ey d u ri n g th e past tw o y ear s an d
ar e s u ffi c i en t l y au th en t i c f or th e pr es en t p u rp o s e
.

.
-

ad e b y M r .

Cr ed i t f or eac h
J.

th e c oll ec t i on of
N EG R T O S O F Z A M B A L E S

1 1
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f r o th e c i v i l i ed w o r l d th an th e p y g y b l ac k s F r o th e t i e of

m
z .

H o er an d A ri st ot l e t h e p y g i es al th ou g h th eir exi s t en c e w as n ot
,
,

ab sol u t el y k n ow n at th at ear l y p eri o d h a e h ad th eir p l ac e i n f ab l e an d

,
v

l eg en d an d as c i v i l i z ed an h as b ec o o r e an d o r e ac qu ai n t ed

m
,
e .

wi th th e u n k no w n p ar t s of th e g l ob e h e h as et ag ai n an d ag ai n w i t h

th e s a e s t r an g e ty p e o f th e h u an s p ec i es u n t i l h e h as b een l ed t o
c on c l u d e th at th er e i s pr ac t i c all y no p ar t o f th e t r opi c z on e w h er e th es e
l i ttl e b l ac k s h av e n ot l i v ed at so e t i e .

M an k i n d at l ar g e i s i n t er est ed in a r ac e o f d w ar f s ju s t as i t w o u l d
b e i n a r ac e o f g i an t s n o ,
att er w h at th e c ol o r or so c i al s t at e ; an d

s c i en t i s t s h av e l ong b een c onc er n ed w i th t ry i n g to fi x th e p osi t i on of

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th e p y g i es i n th e h i st o r y o f th e h u an r ac e T h at th ey h av e p l ay ed

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.

an i p ort an t eth n ol og i c r Ole c an n ot b e d ou b t ed ; an d al th ou gh to day

.
-

th ey ar e so s c att er ed an d s o odi fi ed b y su rr ou n d i n g p eo pl e as l ar g el y
to h a ve d isap p ear ed as a p u r e t y p e yet th ey h av e ev er y w h er e l eft t h eir
,

i p ri n t on th e p eop l es wh o h av e ab sorb ed th e .

T h e N eg r i t os o f th e P hi l ippi n es c on st i tu te on e b r an c h o f th e E as t er n
d i v i s i on o f th e p y g y r ac e as o pp o s ed t o th e A f ri c an d i v i s i on i t b ei ng
-

gen er all y r ec ogn i z ed th at th e b l ac k s of sh or t s tat u r e ay b e so g r ou p ed

in tw o l ar g e an d c o p r eh en si v e di v i s i on s Oth er w el l k n ow n b r an c h es
.
-

of th e E ast er n g r ou p ar e t h e M i n c opi es of th e Anda an I sl an d s an d

p erh ap s al so th e P apu ans of N ew Gu in ea v er y si i l ar in an y par ,

tic u l ar s to th e N eg r i t os of th e P h i l i ppi n es al th ou g h au t h or i t i es d i ff er
,

in g r ou pi n g th e P ap u an s w i th th e N eg r i t os T h e A s i at i c c on t i n ent
.

i s al s o n ot w i th ou t i t s r epr es en t at i v es of th e b l ac k dw ar f s h av i n g th e ,

S ak ai o f th e M al a P en i ns u l a T h e pr esen c e of N eg ri t o s ov er so l ar g e
y .

an ar ea h as es p ec i all y att r ac t ed t h e att en t i on o f an th r op ol o g i s t s w h o

h av e tak en g en er al l y on e or th e oth er of t w o th eori es ad v an c ed t o exp l ai n

i t : F ir st th at th e en t ir e o c ean i c r eg i on i s a p ar t l su b er g ed c on t in ent
, y ,

on c e c onn ec t ed w i th th e A s i at i c ai nl an d an d o v er w hi c h t h i s ab o r ig i n al

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N g i t s h P hi l i pp i s w s t s t i k i g H s ys T h t w s t d p i t th
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.

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r ac e H . t i u s ( p 8 0) A s h x t l h b i
e c on n e f th N g it s ust b d l d “
t e e er n a a tu s o e e r o e ec ar e

l s t i d t i l w i t h t h t f t h P p u s d i ff
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n tP e an g g a ns d th T i an e u ors ar e re e r o na e o en r ec r
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r n or t e e en as s a ei s a a :
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a o a e e e en

I nt h i ff t s fi d N g i t t s i h M t h b i g i l p p l s f h
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o e r ea er o r anc e

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th e no r er e a e an d l a A h p l g
een e e ou n a s o an rc e e a us

m
, .

o f I l d w l l i n h b i t d w it h p p l
s an s e l yi g i a 15 e 16 d g eo Th e, n n or e r ees :
’t
er e

ca t th
e vn o t i b k e b t h d
c e r a ne ly d k d wh ar es i th or t o a es an so e ec e ,
ere n e as e r

an d p i ip l l
r nc t a h ig h d en d sa e th w e on y b l k , w i
ant h vn e r ne a er v er ac e o o res

th y h d t h b l k

m
*
f i l d h i
r z e a re d b i g d d d wh z an e n e an e er e e a es e ac e oor es

m
th y w d t h t th y h d t h f
e ans er e a t i i l d t di g f t by S b t
e a e ro cer a ne s an s s an n as e u

m
,

th w t

m
wh er e er e y f h er e an o e .
1
’‘

Z i i fi ig a q u ot es t h e Fr an c i s c an h i s t or y fo l l w :
'
3 4
a s o s

T h N g it fi t f t t

m
e wh i h
e r os q c d w
ou r d irs
g t d
con i i t h ueror s ou n ere , ac c o r n o ra o n, e

m
fi t p
rs f th i l
o s s es s o r s d f th i A h i p l g
o e d h
s an i g b s o q d by s rc e a o, an , av n een c on u er e

t h p l iti
e o l ti ca f th ki g d
na th y fl d t t h
on s o o t i
er d p p l t d
n o s, e e o e o u n a ns an o u a e

th e wh ,
h
en c e n o b bl t o ne
p l i h t h
as i t e eni t i a e t o ac c o s e r ex e r na on on ac c o u n

o f t h in e ib i l i ty f t h p l
a c c es s wh th y l i o I t h p t th y w
e a c es p d er e e ve . n e as e er e s o rou

o f t h i p i it i e r d r i i t h t l t h g h th y d i d t h
ve o n on t g th t a , a i t ou e no av e s re n o r es s

th e t g i th p i t h w d
s r an er s n d
e o t i en , d n th f t h i e oo s an oun a ns an ou s o e r v ers

m m
th y w e y per e w f lver T h y d o d d er u tt k . t h p e b l d a e su en a ac s on e ue os an co ~

p l
e l d et h i i g h be r ne t p y t i b t t t h ors t l o d f at h r t h w h i hu et h y o e as o or s o e ea r c e

mm
i h b it d d i f th t t t f t

m
n a e did
an t wi h t p y es e h h y k i l l d no i g h d l s o a e e e r an e

m
, ,

co l l t i g t h t ib t i h
ec n de r u e n ea s

mm
.

O f th i l
ne o d f et i th i A hi p l g i th t l l d I l d N g
s an s o no e n s rc e a o s a ca e s a e e ro s on

t f th b d f th t t

m
ac c o un o e a [ g un ] I
a nc e o p i f h i ei l d t h ne r o es . n o ne o n o s s an — ~o n v
e

w t id ll d S j t th i g t n b f N g i t t
”
d i th
“
es s e, ca e o o on -

er e s a r ea u er o e r os , an n e c e n er

of t h e i s l an d

m
a ny or e .

Chiri n o h as th e f oll ow i ng to say of the Ne g rit os of P an ay at the en d

o f the s i xte en th ce n t u r y :
5

A g t t h (
onB i y ) tsh l n g t
es eh n i n t i h b i t n t sa as er e a r e a s o so e e r oes , e a c e n a a s

of t h i l n d f w h i h th y h d t k n p
e s a i n b f oth Bi y Th y c e a a e o s s es s o e o re e sa as . e ar e

th e N eg r i tos as e s t ab d d Vi h w
li s h ed pp d t t h i b l i f
i n I n i a, b ut d T pi o n ar an rc o ar e o ose o s e e .

M y e h ld th t
er o p s t f th N a it q ti i i
“
t hi s w ar f d iio d e eg r o u es on s n no ay ri p e or ec s o n , an

h w o h l th uc i es s t e q
p ib l l i h p f t h i h p h i l i i i
u es t o n as o a oss e r e at o n s i o s y ot et c a pr t ve

p p l i w i h th N
o u at o n f Af i
t ( D i t ib ti
e f N
eg r oes it 1 899 p o r ca .
”
s r u on o eg r os , , .

I nth plan t t
ro t o og yb d d p d f th ti b i
a s a e en l g ay e r eg a r e as rov e or e e e ng so on as

no o p i t i t i t x i t W it h h x ti f t h P h l ip i
p os on o e s s . d th A d I l d t e e c ep on o e i p ne an e n a an s an s

and th M l e P i l a ay w h th p
en n s u a , f t f N
as it i e av e s e en , e r e s e nc e o r ac es o eg r os s an o p en

q tiu es Th on id
. t h di i
e ev p l t d i ffi i t d w
en c e a t th f
an b s nc o e e an ns u c en , an e us er e o r e e

t
c o n en t t l t f t io ti
e t w k
u u re t h l d p bl
nv es ga ors or ou t es e u n s o v e ro e s

d l p
.

E gli h it i f S 1 874 1 06
! n s e on o t an ey , , . .

D i t ib t i
3
s r f N it u 1 899 p 6 f
on o eg r os , , .
, o o t no t e .

Z fi fi i
3
E t di g a, d l I l s F il
a s R o b R t e l 1
as p 4 22 s as i p i na s . ep ri nt y e ana, vo .

th i Ap
. .
,

t li P ’
4
B y i t F s S A t
s Ch
ea n i d l r . i i d
an S n o n io s r o n c as e a os o c a, r o v nc a e an

G i
r eg o r o , t 1 738 1 744 e c .
,
— .

R l 5
io e acd l I l F li
n 1 6 04
e as2d d 1 890 p 38
s as i p i na s , ; e .
, , . .
m
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18 N E G R I T OS or ZA M B A L E S
A lb ay A cc o r d i ng t o a rep ort su b i tt ed b y the g ove r no r of S or sog on
.

m
there ar e a f ew of the se Ne g rit os in B ac on an d B u l u san and f ou r f a ,

m
il i es c ont ai n i n g N eg r ito b l oo d ar e on the I sl an d o f B at an g n e ar Gab at
‘

E i g ht p u e b l o s o f A l b ay rep o rt alt og ether as an y as 8 00 Ne g rit o s ,

kn own l o c al ly as Agta ”
I t i s n ot like 1 y any of the ar e of p u re b l ood
“

m
m
-

. .

I n al l except thr ee of the t owns they ar e serv an t s in B ic o l h ou s es b u t

m
,

M al i n ao B ac ac ay an d T ab ac o rep ort w an d erin g gr ou ps i n the oun

m
, ,

t ai n s
.

m
m
Meyer w h o ake s no e nti on of N eg r it os i n S o r sog on o r A l b ay

m
-
-

, ,

m
d ee s their exi st e n ce i n the C a ari n es s u fficie n tl y w e l l au then tic at ed

m
‘

acc o r d i n g t o B l u e ntritt wh o p l ace s N eg r it o h al f b reed s in the n ei gh

,
.
-

b or h ood o f L ag on oy an d ar ou n d M ou n t I sar og I n f o r ati on rec eive d .

b y The E th n ol og ic al S u rvey pl ace s the i n the ou n tai n s n e ar B aao ,

m m
B u l ic I ri g a L ag on oy S an J osé Gao an d Ti g aon as w ell as sc attere d
, , , , , ,

m
o ver the C o r d il l er a d e I s ar o r d S A ll f thes e p l ace s ar e

m
g a o u n a n
g y a .
o .

i n the extre e s ou the as t er n p art o f the pr o vi n ce c o n ti gu ou s t o th at

p art of A l b ay i n h ab ite d by N eg r itos I n n either pr o vi n ce i s the typ e .

p u re
. I n t h e n o rthe rn
p art o f the pr o vi n ce a f ew Ne g rit os c alle d ,

D u ag at ar e re port ed n e ar Sip oc ot an d R ag ay The t ow n s of S an

“ ”

m
.
,

m
V icente L abo P arac ale M a b u l ao an d C ap al on ga al ong the north

m
, , , ,

c o as t al so h av e N e g ritos g en er al l y c al l ed A eta ”
The se ar e pr ob abl y “

m
.
,

o f p u rer b l ood th an th o s e ar o u n d M ou n t I s aro g M ore th an a hun d re d

m
.

f a i l ie s of D u ag at are rep orted on the I sl an ds of Oar ing o Oal u at

” “
, ,

an d J al i c

m
m
o .

F arther t o the n orth th e I sl an d of Al ab at w as first state d b y B l u en

mm
t r itt to b e i nh ab ite d b y D u ag at an d in h i s ap o f 1 8 8 2 he pl ace s

m
m
,

th e h ere b ut o i ts th e in the ap of 1 8 9 0 Me yer d ee s their .

o cc u rr en ce there t o b e b ey on d al l d ou b t as per S t ee n B i l le s re p o rt s
’
-

( R ei s e d er Gal ath ea Ger an c d R e p o rt s o f The E th n o l og ic al

,
.
,

S u rv ey pl ace A et a B al u ga an d D u ag at on A l ab at the f o r e r r u n
, ,
—

i ng w il d i n the ou n t ai ns the l atter l ivi ng i n the b arri o s o f C a ag o n ,

an d Sil an g an re s pectivel y On the ai n l an d of the Pr ovi n ce o f T ayab as

, .

the N eg r itos ar e ge n erall y k n own as A et a an d ay b e re g ar d e d as

b ei ng t o a l ar g e d eg ree of p u re b l oo d T h ey ar e s c at tere d pretty w el l .

o ver the n orthe r n p art o f the pr ovi n ce b u t d o n ot s o f ar as i s k n ow n , , ,

extend d own in to the pe n i nsu l a b el ow Pitog o and M ac alel on O nl y at . .

M aub an are they known as B al ug a w hich n a e se e s t o i n d ic ate a ,

i xe d b r ee d T h e I sl an d of P olill o an d th e d i strict s of I n fant a an d

.

P ri ncipe now p art of th e Pr ov i nce o f T ayab as h ave l arg e n u b er s of

, ,

N egr it os prob ab l y o re nearl y appr oaching a p u re physic al type th an

th ose s ou th of the The Neg rit o s of B i n angonan an d B aler h ave
.

r ec eive d atte n t i on i n sh ert p ap ers fr o B l u e nt ritt b ut it yet re ai n s

.
-

f or so e on e t o ake a s tu d y of th e on t h e s p o t .

Mey er noted in 1 8 7 2 th at N eg rito s fr equ e n tl y c a e fro the ou n

 m
m
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ZA M B A L E S 19

m
N E G R I T os or

m
t ains to S an ta Cr u z L agu n a Pr ovi nce The se p r ob abl y c a e fr o , .

m
acr o ss the T ayab as li n e as n on e ar e rep o rte d i n L ag u n a except fr o

m
,

S an t a M ar i a in th e extre e n orthern part E ven thes e ar e pr ob ab l y

mm
,
.

very n e ar the b ou n d ary l i n e i nt o R iz al Pr ovin ce 3 p erh aps th ey ar e over

m m
the l i ne T anay R iz al Pr ovi n ce on the sh ore of L ag u na de B ay rep ort s
.
, , ,

so e 3 00 N eg ri tos as l ivi n g in the oun tai n s n o rth o f th at t own .

Fro d e scri pti ons g iven by n atives of T anay they d o n ot app ear t o b e
u re t yp e s Th ere i s al so a s al l r e r M t l b a i n R iz al

m
g o u p n a o n a n
p .
,

Pr o vi n ce n ot ore th an 2 0 i le s fr o M an il a

m
.
,

Go i n g n o rth w ar d i n t o B u l ac an w e ar e i n p o ss ess i on o f o r e d e fin ite

m
in fo r ati on re gard i ng the whereab ou t s o f the s e f o re s t d w ell ers Z u fiig a .

in 1 8 03 sp oke of t h e N eg r i t os o f A n g at i h th os e d ays he ad h u n ter s

m
— -

m
w h o w ere acc u s t o e d t o s en d e s sag e s b y e an s o f k notte d g r ass st alk s 1
.

Thi s re g i on the u p per rea che s of the A n gat R iver w as vi s ite d b y

, ,

Mr E J Si on s on a c ol l ecting tri p f or The E th nol og ic al S u rvey i n

. . .

Feb ru ary 1 9 03 Mr Si on s saw tw en ty tw o little r anch eri as o f the

,
. .
-

D u ag at h avin g a t ot al p opu l ati on o f 1 7 6 p e op le S o e o f the h ad

mm
m
.
,

m
s triki n g N eg r o i d ch ar acteri s tic s b u t n earl al l b o re evi d en ce of a i x
y ,

t re o bl ood I n so e c as e s f u l b l oo d ed Filipin os have arrie d i nto

u f l —

m
.

th e tri b e an d ad op te d Ne g rit o c u st o s e nt irel y Their soci al state i s .

ab o u t the sa e as th at of the Neg rit os of Z a b ale s th ou gh so e of ,

their h ab it s f or i n stance b etel chew i n g— approac h or e n e ar l y th ose

—
,

o f l ow er c l as s Fi l ipi n o s
-
A sh o rt v oc ab u l ar y of their d i al ect is g iv en
.

i n A p p en d ix B .

m
N e g rit os ar e al so f o u n d in n o rther n B u l ac an an d thr ou g h ou t the c on
t in u ou s ou n t ai n re i on exte n d i n t h r u h N u ev a E cij i n t I s ab el a
g g o g a o

an d the ol d Pro vi n ce o f Pri n ci e Th a r e rep o r t e d f r o P e i ar an d a

p ey . i ,

B ong ab o ng an d P an t ab ang an in N u ev a E cij a t o the n u b er o f 5 00

"

, , ,
.

Thi s reg i on i s yet to b e f u l l y ex pl or e d ; the sa e ay b e sai d al so of

th at v ast rang e o f oun tai n s the Sierr a M ad re of I s ab e l a an d Oag ayan , ,
.

I n the Pr o vi n c e o f I s ab el a Ne g ri t o s ar e re orte d fr o a l l the t o w n s

p ,

e s peci al l y P al anan on the c oast an d Oar ig E ch ag u e A ng ad anan C au a

m
, , , , ,

y an an d C ab a an N u ev o the pper re che f the R i G r n d e de

, g o n u a s o o
, a

C ag ayan b u t as there i s a v ast u n k n own c ou n try b et ween f u tu re ex pl o

, ,

rati on w i l l h ave t o d eter i n e the n u e ric al i p o rtan ce of the Ne g ritos .

I t h as b een th oug ht hereto for e th at thi s re g i on c on tai ne d a l arg e n u b er

of e
p p o l e o f p u re b l o o d Thi s was the opin i on set f o rth b y B l u entritt
. .

II e s ay s :

T h is c o as t is t h e o nl y s
p o t i n t h e P h i l i pp i ne s i n w h i c h t h e or i
g i n a l as t er s of

t h e A r c h i pel ag o , t h e N e r i o s , h o l d u n r e s
g t t r i c te d p o s s e s s i on of t h ei r na ti ve l an d .

t
T h e ea s er n s i d e o f t h e Co r d il l er a w h i c h s l o pe s t oward th i s c o as t is al s o th ei r

u nd i s p u t e d
p o s s es s i o n . H o w ev er , t h e w es t e rn s l o p es th e
y h a v e b een co pe l l e d
to s h are t
w i h b r a n c h es of M a l ay d es c en d a n t s . H ere th ey r e ain t t h e g r ea t tp
es uri ty
o f o r ig ina l h i
p y qu e
s a nd c h a ra c er t .

1
E sta is d o d e l as I s asl lp
F i i i n as . Ed . R et a n a , 1 893 , I , p . 421 .
m
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20 N E G R I T OS or ZA M B A L E S
The se st ate e nts st an d u ch in n ee d of veri fi c ati on I n q u ir ie s pu r .

s u e d b v The E th n ol o ic al S u rve
g y d o n o t b e a r the o u t i h fact p o i n t —
,

t o an oppo s ite b el ief

m
.

There i s a s al l b o dy of w h at ay b e pu re type s n ear the b ou n d ary

m
b et w ee n I s ab el a an d Oag a yan w es t of the Oag ayan R i v er b u t the c o as t , ,

re g ion so f ar as i s k n ow n d oe s n ot h ol d an y N eg it os

m
, ,
r

m
.

As an y as s ix t ee n t o w n s o f Oag ayan re p o rt N eg i t o s t o the t o t al r

m
b er o f ab ou t Th ey ar e k no wn c o on ly as A tt a b u t in the ”

m
“
nu ,

e o o f B agg ao th ere ar e t h ree g r ou s k n o w n l o c al l A tt i ”

l
“ “
p u b p y a s a D a n ,

o,
”
an d P ar an an
“
The y h ave b e en de scri b e d b y n ativ es o f B agg ao
.
”

as b ei n ve ry s i i l ar t t h o r d i n ar Fi l i i n i n h ic al ch ar ac ter
g o e y p os
p y s

mmm
i st i c s exce p t th at t h e y ar e d arker i n c ol o r an d h ave b u sh y h air Their .

m
o n l y w e apo n s ar e the b o w an d arr ow Their soc i al stat u s i s in ever y .
.

w ay like th at o f th e Ne g ri o s as d i sti n g u i she d f r o h e i n d u stri ou s

.

t t

m
ou n t ai n M al ay an s o f n o rther n L u z on Y et f u tu re i n v est i g ati o ns

m
. ay

m
n ot as so ci ate the s e r ob u s t an d w ar l i ke tri b es w i th th e w eak sh i k i n g

m
,
r

N eg r it os N eg r it os of pu re type h ave n ot so f ar b een r ep o rte d f r o

.

Oag ayan .

m
A t on l y t w o pl ac es i n th e w e ster n h al f of n orthern L u z on h ave
N eg ri tos b ee n ob s erve d There i s a s al l g r o up n ear Pi d d i g I l ok os
.
,

N o rte an d a w an d eri n g b an d o f ab ou t t h irt y fiv e in th e

,
ou n t ai n s -

b e t ween V i l l aviej a A b r a Pr o vi n ce an d S an t a M ari a I l ok o s S u r Pr ov

m
.
, , ,

in ce fr o b oth of whic h t ow n s they h av e b ee n re por t e d I t i s b u t a

,
.

q u e sti on o f ti e u nti l n o tr ace o f the w i l l b e le f t in thi s reg i on so

m
thick l y p op ul ate d w i th str ong er ou n t ai n pe ople s .

mm
I N TH E UT H E R N
SO I S L A N DS

A l th ou g h N eg ritos w ere r ep or ted b y th e e ar l y S pan i sh w riter s t o b e

e s peci al l y n u er ou s in so e of the sou thern i sl an d s p rob ab l y o re of ,

the ar e f o u n d on L u z on th an on al l the other i sl an d s i n the A rchi pel ag o .

B esi d e s L u z on the onl y l arg e i s l an d s i nh ab ite d b y the at p re s en t ar e

,

P an ay N eg ros Mi n d an ao an d P ar ag u a b u t so e of the s al l er i sl an d s
, , , , ,

as T ab l as an d Gu i ar as h ave th e ,
.

Neg rit os of p u re b l ood h ave n ot b een reporte d fr o M i n d oro b u t onl v ,

the h alf b ree d M ang u i an w h o b el ong in a g rou p t o the s el ve s I t i s

-

,
.

q u e sti on ab le w hether the un k now n i n teri or w i l l pr od u ce pu re type s ,

th ou gh it i s f requ en tl y repo rte d th at there ar e Ne g rit os in the i n teri or .

There i s a r ather l arg e c ol ony of Neg ri to s on the w e st c oas t of T ab l as

n ear Od i u n g an an d al so a f ew on the I s l a d e C ar ab ao i
,
e d i atel y
sou th o f T ab l as The se h av e p r ob ab l y passe d u p fr o P an ay A ll
. .

the pr ovi n c es of the l atter i sl an d repo rt N eg rit os l o c al l y k now n as ,

“
A ti an d A g ta
” ”
Th ey see t o b e sc attere d prett y w e ll o v er the
“
.

i nteri or o f P an ay b ein g es peci al l y n u e rou s in the ou nt ai n ou s re g i on

,

Where the Pr o vi n c e s of A n tiq u e an d I l oi l o j oi n I n An tiq u e there .

m
m
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m
mm
m
m
m
m
mm
m
ZA M B A L E S 21

m
N E GR I Tos
'

or

m
ab o u t N eg r i t o s l r ou ps o f s ever al f a i l ie s e ach
n g in g ivi

m
ar e .

m
T h ey ar e re rte p o d f ro the to w n s b ei ng o re n u e r ou s
n ea l y all r

m
-

al o ng the i iver The nu b er of pu r e t ype s i s

B a an as an d S i b al on R s .

s ai d h ow ev er t o b e r api dl y d ecr eas i n g on acc o u n t o f i n t er

, ,
arri ag e w ith

th l u ki d non o r o un t ai n V i s aya i Th ey are o f very s al l st at u r e i

'

m
e

m
.
,

m
w ith ki n k y h air T h ey le ad the sa e n o ad ic l i f e as the N eg r i t o s i n
.

other p art s exce p t t h at the y d epe n d

,
o re on the
p r o d u ct s o f the f o r est

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f or s u bs i s te n c an d r ar ly c l ar an d c u l tiv ate c a i ng i h They s ee
” “ 1
e e e - -

t o h ave d e v e l o ped o r e o f re l i g i ou s s u per stiti on s an d b e l i eve th at b ot h ,

m
ev il s p i rit s an d p r otecti n g spirit s i n h abit the f ore s t s an d pl ai n s H ow .

ever the s e b el ief s ay h ave b een borr ow e d f r o the B u ki dnon w ith

, ,

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wh o the y c o e u ch in c ont act F o a i xi ng o f the A ti an d
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i s t i c s o f th eir V i s ayan an ce sto r s th an th o s e o f the A ti an d g en er al l y ,

ab an d on the n o ad ic l i f e an d l ive in c l e ari n s i n t h e f o re s t

g .

A bo ut t en years ag o there w as a g r o up of ab ou t 2 00 A ti at a pl ace

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: al l ed L ab an g an o n t h e D al an as R iver v er n e d b v o n e C a it a n A n d re
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r u ner at ion M an y o f th e a e sai d t o h a e e i g rate d to N e g r os
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t o e sc ap p u bl ic w ork to w h ich the l o c al au th o ritie s su b jecte d the

e

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e .

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ig r ant s f r o P an ay They h ave b een rep orte d f ro b oth N ag ab a

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an d u e a V al n ci a p u eb l o s o f th at i s l an d
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v io u s l y u ot ed i n r e ar d t o the ear l l ti f N e r A t l e t
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e

h ad b n o thick l ee s
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g o s a y n
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c en t u y o re t ac es o f t h e w o ul d re ai n t o d ay B ut th ey s ee t o
r , r -

h a l f t n ark on t h l\l al av an p op ul at i on Wh i l e in the I s i o re g i o n

'

ve e o s e
'

in 1 9 03 I ad s p ec i al i n v est i at ion an d i n u ir e i t thi

g
,
q y n o s
s ubj ect an d c o u l d fi n d n o t ace f N eg r i to s E xp e d it i on s o f the Con r o .

s t ab u l a
y i n t o th e i n t er i o r h ave n ev e et w ith the l ittl e bl ack s except
r r

a .
i ng l
s l n e n aco o the b d a y l i n e b et ween t h e t w o
v e r .

p
r o vi n ce s j u s tr

th f l l on A f ew N g rit s h av al so b ee n s een s c att r ed i n t h e

’ ‘
n or o o e o e e
.

in ter io r f o u th r n
o s N g r os b ack f r o N u ev a V al en ci a A yu
e e
,

q u i t a n an d.
B a i Fr o ther n o t race of the exis t s u nti l the r ug ge d
s .
e
,

u n t ai n
o n o rt h f t h e v o l c an o o f ( an l ao n ar e re ache d i n the al o st
s o
l

i p t ne e a b l e r r s f w hi h th ar e e s t i
ec e s s e at ed t o b e a t h o u s an d o r
o c e re

o re Th a s ec i al l v n u
ev r o u b ack o f E sc al ant e an d f o r r l y
re e
.

p e s e
ad e f r equ e n t vi it t t h at b l b t rece
s t s i l i t r er ti
p u u n o
a y p o a o n s i n e o,

th e r g i on h av
e ad t h e t i i d as sc ou ti n g p artie s h ave fir e d on
e e ,

an d l d
ki l e ev r al f th s T h si g h t f a w h i t e
e o
an o r n ative o f the
e . e o

M l w d f C a —l n d l i
l
g i l i
-

in s a a ay a n or or c u t v ate c e ar ng .
m
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22 N E d R I T os
'

or ZA M B A L E S

m
p l ai n i s ig nal f o r an i e d i ate d i sch arg e of arr ows A l s o i n the
a s .

ou ntai n s b ehi n d S agay C ad iz an d M an apl a live a f ew sc attere d

, ,

m
fa i lie s .I w as f o rt u nate i n s ec u ri ng ph o t og r aph s of a N eg rito c ap
tu r ed b y the C on s t ab u l ar y n e ar C ad iz ( See P l XXVI ) He w a s u . ch . .

m
t al ler th an the N eg rit os of Z a b al e s b ut w ith very litt l e u sc ul ar ,

m
d evel op en t He spoke V i sayan an d sai d he k n ew n o other di alect
.
, .

m
While in N e g r os I al so sec u re d ph otog raph s of a s all c ol on y of A ti ,

wh o e i g r ate d f r o P an ay ab out twenty ye ar s ag o and n ow l ive on a

mm
ou n t ai n h acien d a on the sl ope of M ou n t C an l aon .

o I ar t h er e i s n o e i d e n ce t h at N e g rit os exi s t on Ce bu B oh o l S a
v ar

m
S
, , ,

an d L eyte I n Mi n d an ao they ar e f oun d on l y i n the extre e n orthern

.

p a rt o f S u ri ao n o t h avi n
g , g b ee n re p o rt ed b el o w T a g o The y a r e c a l l e d .

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“
M a anu a an d ar e n ot very nu e r ou s
”
,
.

We h ave d et aile d acc ount s of b o th the T ag b an u a an d B at ak of P ar

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ag u a b y S e no r M an u e l V en t u r el l o a n ative o f P u ert o Pri n ce sa wh o
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h as live d a on g the twen ty ye ar s The se intere sti ng ar t ic l es trans

m
.
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l at e d by C apt E A Hel i ck T e n th Un ite d St ate s I n f an try an d pu b

. . .
, ,

l i sh ed in p a p hlet f or b y the D ivi si on o f Mi l it ary I n f or ati on M an il a , ,

ar e e s p eci al l y f u l l as t o c u st o s rel i g i on l ang u ag e etc of the T ag b an u a

m
, , ,
.
,

w h o i n h ab it the ce n tr al p art o f P ar ag u a fr o t he B ay of U l u gan south

to A pu r ah u an H ow ever the T ag b an u a al th ou gh p erh ap s h avin g a

mm
,
.
,

m
s li g ht a ou n t o f N eg rit o b l oo d c an n ot b e c l as s e d w ith the N e r it o s
, g .

B u t in , y o p i n i on the B at ak w h o i nh ab it the territ o ry fr o

,
the B ay

o f U l u g an n o rth t o C ar u r ay an d B ar b ac an ay b e s o c l as s ed alth ou h

m
m
g ,

they ar e b y n o ean s o f p u re b l ood The y ar e d e scri b e d as b ei ng

mm
m
.

g e n er a l l y of s al l s t at u re b u t w el l d evel ope d an d u s c u l ar The y h a ve .

very c u r l y bu t not k ink y h air except i n rare c ase s Their w eap on s ,

-

ar e the b o w an d arr o w an d the b l o wg u n o r s u it here lle d

“
p an c a su ,

p i t
.
”
Their on l y c l o thi n g i s a b r eec h c l o th an d a s h o rt skirt of fl ay e d
-

b ark A n otab le f e atu r e of their c u st o s i s t h at b oth p ol ygyny an d

.

p y o l a n d r y a r e per i tte d thi s b ei ng the,

o n l y i n s t an ce o f the l a tt e r
p r a ctice s o f ar o b s erv e d a o ng the tri be s o f the Phili pp i n e s The .

B atak ar e not very n u erous 3 their vill ag es h ave b een d eci at e d by

r av ag es of s all p ox d u ring the p ast fiv e ye ar s .

CON CL U S I ON
T h i s r ap i d su rvey l e ave s u ch t o b e de s ire d bu t it c on tai n s ab ou t ,

al l th at i s d e fin ite l y k n own t o d ay c on cern i n g the w h ere ab ou t s o f the

-

Ne g rit o s in the Phi l i ppin e s N o atte pt h as b ee n ad e t o st ate nu .

b er s The Philip pi n e cen su s w i l l pr ob ab l y h av e ore ex act i n f or ati on

.

in thi s p artic u l ar b u t it u st b e b o r n e i n
,
i n d th at even th e figu re s
g ive n b y the ce n s u s c an b e n o o re th an e sti at es i n o s t i n st an ce s .

T h e h ab it s o f th e Ne g rit os d o n ot l en d the s elve s t o o d ern eth od s

o f ce n s u s t aki n g .
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CHA P T E R I I

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T H E P R O V I N C E OF Z A M B A L E S

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G E O G R A P H I CA L FEAT UR E S

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Thi s litt le k nown an d c o par ative l y u n i po rtant prov in ce st r etc he s
-

the western c oast o f L u zon f or ore th an 1 2 0 i l e s I t s

m
al o n g .

aver ag e w i d th d oe s n o t excee d 2 5 i l e s an d i s s o ou t of pr op ort ion t o it s

m
l e n g th th at it e rit s the title which it b e ar s of the Sh oe stri ng p r o vi n ce ” “ 1
.

The Z a bale s r an g e of ou n t ai n s o f which the sou thern h al f is k nown

m m
,

as the C o r d i l l er a d Cab u s i l an an d w hich i s sec on d i n i p ort an ce t o

e

the C arab all os syste o f n orthern L u z on f or s the en tire easter n ,

b ou n d ary of Z a b al es an d s e p ar ate s it fr o th e Pr ov i n ce s o f P an g as i
n an T ar l ac an d P a
, ,
a
p gn a A n u b er o f p e ak s ri s e al o
.n g thi s ch a i n ,

o f w hich M o u nt Pi n at ub o feet in hei g h t i s the hi ghe st A ll of

, ,
.

the river s of Z a b al e s ri s e on the western s l ope of the s e ou n t ai n s

an d c a rry t u r b u l e n t fl oo d s thr o u g h the nar r o w p l ai n s Sti l l u n b ri d g e d
‘

m m
.
,

m
they ar e an i p ortan t f act o r i n preve n t in g c o un ic ati on an d tr affic
b et w ee n t o w ns an d he n ce i n ret ar d i n g the d eve l op e
,
nt of th e p r ovin ce .

A n o ther i p ortant f acto r i n this c onn ecti on i s the l ack of s af e an ch or

ag e s The Z a b al e s c oast i s a s t o r y on e an d ve ssel s freq u en tly c o e
.
,

m
t o g rief on i t s r ee f s A t on l y on e p oi nt S u b ig B ay c an l arg er ve ss el s

m
, ,
.

fi n d an ch o rag e s afe fr o the typh oons w hich sw eep the c o ast The .

s oi l of the w ell w atere d pl ai n i s f erti l e an d s e e

-
s ad ap t e d t o the c u lti

v at i on of n e arly al l the p r od u ct s o f the A rchi pel ag o The f o res ts are .

e speci al l y v al u abl e an d b e s i d es fin e ti b er s f or c onstr u cti onal pu r

,

p o se s th ey su pp1 y l arg e q u an titie s of pitch res i n b ej u c o an d b ee sw ax

-

, , ,
.

There a e n o i n d u str ie s w o rth e nti oni n g there b ei ng only pri i tive

r ,

ag ric u l t u re an d s t ock r ai s i n g .

T h e f oll owin g o pi n i on s of Z a b ale s s et f o rt h b y a Sp an i sh w r iter

i n 1 8 8 0 s till h o l d g oo d 2
:

T h er e ar e or e o u l o us and ore c i v il i z ed p r o v i n c es w h os e co er c i a l an d
p p
ag r i c u l t u ral p ro
g r es s h a s b een o re p r o n o u n c ed , bu t n o w h er e is t h e air ore
p u re

1 The pro v i nc e h as r e c en t ly b di id d b y t
ee n v e ac of th e P h i l i pp i ne Co i s s io n , th e
no r t h er n p a r t ab o v e S ant a Cru zbi gj i dt P g
e n o ne o an as i n an .

9
F r a n c i s c o Cana a q u e, B l ti
o e d l
n S i d d G
e g
a oc e a eo ra flc a de M a d idr , v ol I X, 1 880 .

24
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N E G R I T OS OF ZA M B A L E S 25

m
d t r a n s p a r en t , t h e t ti on l u x u r i an t the cli a e t o re a g r ee a b l e, the

m
an v eg e a or e ,

c oa s t s o r e s u nny , an d t h e i nh a b i t t an s ore si p l e an d p ac i fic .

H I S T O R I CA L SK E T C H

m m
A cc o r di ng t o B u zeta an other S p an i sh hi s tor i an it was J u an d e S al , ,

ce d o wh o d i s c overe d Z a b al e s 1

m
.

m
T h i i t pi d s l di
n re [ h y ] f tso h i g erq d M n il e n d t
sa h s , a er av n c on u er e a a a e sur

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r o v n c es , p l t h n t h
r es o v e p t f L n H og nex ore e or ern ar o uz o . e or a

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i d
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se i
g p g an h i f ex ty e on , a en er a e as av e or

fi ve so ldi w i th w h er s , h l ft M il M y 20 1 5 72
o A ft j e y e f t h an a a ,
. er a ou r ne o r ee

d y
a h s i d e t B li
ar r v e wh h a f nd Ch i o l wh
nao , w h d er e e ou a n es e v es s e os e c re a

da e ca
p t i f h i f
v es od l t h
a c n ti S e l d t
an k t h p t i
s ev e r a o er a v es . a ce o r e oo es e c a v es

fro t h Ch i end g t h t h i l i b ty T h I n d i n w h w n t u
n es e a av e e e r er . e a s, o er e o ac c s

to d t e h g o s uci ty w t h d b y t h i t t h t th y b
en er o s ,
l nt y
er e s o ou c e s ac a e ec a e vo u ar

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v as s al s of t h e S pan i a r d s .

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I t s ee s th at n othi ng f u rther w as don e t owar d sett l i ng or ev ang el iz

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i ng the re g i on f or t w e l ve y e ar s al th ou g h the chr on ic l er g o e s o n t o s ay ,

th at three ye ars after the d i sc overy of B o l i n ao a s erg e ant o f S al c ed o s ’

tr avers e d the B ol i nao reg i on receivi ng ever ywhere the h o ag e o f the ,

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n ative s an d a Fr an ci s c an
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i ssi on ary Seb asti an B aez a p re ache d th e , ,

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g po s e l there B u t i n . 1 5 8 4 the A u g u s ti n i a n s e s t a b l i s he d the s e l ve s a t

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th e extre e e n d s o f the o u n t ai n r an g e B ol i nao an d M arive l es On e

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of the the f ri ar E s teb an M arti n w as the fir st t o l e ar n the Z a b al

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d i al ect The Au g u sti n i an s w ere su ccee d e d b y the R ec ol l et s w h o du r

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in g the peri od f r o 1 6 07 t o 1 6 8 0 f ou n d e d
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ore th an a h u n d re d y e a r s after S al ce d o l an d e d at B ol i n ao the ,
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L t e usw no i [ n t i
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co t t f th u es
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I di
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e z ea o u s
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z ar , ft h i g d i b d t h t p g p h y f t h i
a er av n es c r e t ie
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g h t t o s ou n a no u s r ov n c e , so u o

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ea o nd e i l t to f th p g
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f th ig in l p p l t i
“
b Th i i l id h
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ar o e a or a
p O
p u a h on : f t b e r nc a c a u s e, e sa ,
o e ar

b ar i ty f th o I nd i n es e d th t w h i h p a s, t th i
an b i g
a nt i ly nd c r ev en s e r ev er e n e re a

p ifi l l y
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c o nv er e , s g a t d e i t i n
s a c es ar e so r ea an co un c a o so

d iffi l t th t t h
cu al ld e n t a ca t l th es nd t h c an i i n i o fi nd i t
c on ro e a e ss o a r es

n y i fl th ”
i p ossib l t e i o ex e r c s en a n ue ce ov er e .

E h
ac il l g wv a
p e d fas t tcow n t y t h i ty f i l i
os e o it d n
en , ly e , or r a es , un e e ar

a lw y a by ti
s f ki n h i p es 1t w
o d i ffi l t t
s b i ng t h
. il l g t g th
as cu o r es e v a es o e er

b ec a u s e th y i de w
c ar r e nt i l ly
on n d th y l i ar s d i co h t t f di
nu a ,
a e ve n suc a s a e o s

cor d th t i t w a i p ib l t g
as ossth ; e th y w
o o v er nb b u nd e o r eo v er e er e s o ar ar o s a

fi er c e th t th y a
g i d
e l
r ec o
y p i n z e
p w T h on
y g n d t hsu
g h f er o r o er . e o v er e r ou ea r

H e wh wi h d t
o b s e t p td o e g h t t i
os
p i fr es b y t
ec e i k i g ff sou o ns re ear s r n O as

an y h d ea
p i
s bl as Th os s wh e . i tt d t h et on e i ti n w o co e e os as s as s na o s as

th us d f th
as s u r e b d in t i
o e f sull Th y or d h
a
g l
on
y f i
o t t h t a . e a e suc a or o a

th y we er e t d t w ac c u s o t i
e n o t in d t h w t t h y
ea r c er a n or a en s or er o s o o e e es

1
D i c c i o n a r i o G eo g r afi c o , et c .
, d e l as I s l as Fi i l pi na s , v ol . I I , 1 850 .
2
C a na a q ue .
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N E e nI T o s or ZA M B A L ES

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or al l the u r d er s th ey h ad co i tt ed . W h en a
p e r s o n l os t a r el a ti ve ei th er

by a v i o l en t or a t
na u r al d ea h h e t c o v e r ed h i s h ea d w i h t a s t ri
p of b l ac k c ol th

m
a s a s ig n o f o u r nin
g a nd c ou l d t a ke it O ff o n l y a ft er h av i n g i tt ed u r d er

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co a

m
a th i ng w h ich th ey w er e al w ay s ea g e r t o d o in o r d er t o g et r id Of the s a d n es s

of o u r n i ng , b ec a u s e so l o ng as th e
y w ore t h e b a d g e h ey t c ou l d not s in
g

m
or

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d an c e t a ke t in f t i i ty On e u n d er s t an d s th th t d t h b

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or p a r an y es v . en a ea s ec a e

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o o e o ne or

m
ore u r d er s . I t is t rue th t a he who co t
i t ed a u r d er so u g h t t t f o a on e or it
ti t tt

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b y p ay i ng t o t h e r el a v es o f t h e d e c ea s e d a c e r a i n qu a n i y o f g o l d o r s i l v er or by

m
g i v i n g h e a t
s l a v e o r a N e r ito w h o
g .
i g h b e u r d er e d i n h i s p l a c e t .

The a Z
b a l h a d n ev er h el e s s ore re l ig i o n t
h a n t h e i n h ab i a n s o f t t t oth er

m
m
p r o v i n c es . T h er e w a s a o ng th e a h i g h p r i es , c a l l ed t
B a y o e, w ho by
“ ”
t i
c er a n

r i t es c o n s e c r a ed t the o th er p r i es t s t t
H e c el eb r a ed h i s c er e ony i n t h e id t f
s o

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N E G I n ro s
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or ZA M B A L E S 27

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28 N E G R I T OS or ZA M B AL E S

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NE rr o s or ZA M BAL ES 29

s h ow i ng t oo th at the ove e nt o f the N eg ritos h as b een s ou th w ar d

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30 ZA M B A L E S

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Thi s reg i on al thou g h excee d in gl y b r oke n an d r ou g h h as n ot the

m
,

m
,

hi g h ri dg e d d ee p c an yoned aspect o f the C or d i l ler a C en tr al of n o rthern

m
- -

L u z on I t c on s i st s f or the o st part o f r ol l i ng tab l e l an d s b r oken b y

.
,
-

l ow f o r est c o ve r ed ri dg e s an d d otte d h ere an d the r e b y a f ew g i g an tic

,
— -

pe ak s The l arg e st an d hig hes t of th ese M ou n t Pi n at u b o s it u at e d d u e

.
, ,

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east fr o the town o f C ab ang an h ol d s on it s b r oad s l ope s the l ar g e st ,

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rt o f the Neg rit os o f Z a e M ti tre h ve their rce

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p a b al s a n y n y s a s a s ou s .

m
i n t hi s ou nt ai n an d r u sh d ow n the sl o es
p g r o w i n g i n v ol u e an d -

f u r n i shi ng w ater su pp l y t o the N eg r it o vil l ag e s s it u ate d al ong their

b an k s S o e of the l arg e r o f the s e str ea s h ave ad e d e ep c u ts on

mm
-

the l ow er re ache s of th e ou n tai n sl op e s b u t the y ar e g e n er ally too

m
,

mm
s al l t o h ave g re at pow er s o f er os i o n The u n w oo d e d po rti on s of the .
-

t ab l e l an d s ar e c over ed w it h c og on an d si i l ar w il d g r asse s

m
-

Here i s en ou g h ferti l e l an d t o s u p port th ou san ds of pe o pl e The .

Ne g rit os occ u p y pr actic al ly n on e of it Their vi l l ag e s an d ou nt ai n .

f ar s ar e very sc attere d The v i l l ag e s ar e b u i l t f o r the ost part on .

th e t ab l e l an d ab o ve s o e s tre a
— an d the l itt l e cle ari n g s ar e f o u n d on

m
,

m
the s l ope of the ri dg e at the b as e o f which the stre a ru n s N 0 u se . .

wh atever i s ad e o f t h e g r as s c ov ere d t ab le l an d s ave th at it off er s a - -

hi gh an d dr y site f or a r an cheri a free f ro f ever s

m
,
. .

Pr actic al l y al l of the N eg r ito r an cheri as are w ithi n the j u r i sd icti on

o f the t w o t ow n s o f B o t ol an an d S an M arce l i n o F ol l ow i ng the w i n d .

ing c ou r s e of the B u c ao R iver 1 5 i le s sou theast fr o B otol an on e ,

‘

c o e s to the b arri o of S an F er nan d o d e R ivier a as it is on the aps , ,

or P o b at o as th e n ative s c all i t
,
Thi s i s a s al l Fi l i pi n o vi l l ag e the .
,

f arthe st ou t a hal f w ay p l ace b etw ee n th e pe ople of the pl ain s an d

,
-

th os e of the u pl an d s H ere a ravi n e i s cr osse d a hill c l i b e d an d the

.
, ,

tr av eler s t an d s on a pl ate au not ore th an h alf a i l e w i d e b u t w i n d i ng

f or i l e s t ow ar d the b ig pe ak Pin at u b o an d al o st i p erc epti b l y i nc r eas
i ng i n elev at i o n L ow b arren ri d g e s fl an k it on either s i d e at the
.
, ,

b as e of e ach of w hich fl ow s a g oo d s ize d s tre a S even i l e s of b e aten.

-
.

w i n d i ng p ath thr ou g h the c og on g r as s b ri ng the tr aveler t o the fir st

N eg ri to r an cheri a T agi l t i l on e y ear ol d l y i ng su n b ake d on a s ou th
'

,
.
, ,

er n sl ope o f the pl at e au He r e the pl ate au w i d en s ou t i s cr osse d an d

.
,

c u t u p b y stre a s an d h i ll s an d t h e f ore s t s g r ad u all y b ec o e t h icker

,
.

I n the w i de re ach o f territ or y o f w h ich thi s n arr ow pl ate au i s the

w e s ter n apex i n cl u d i ng M ou n t Pi n at u b o an d re achi ng t o th e T arl ac
,

an d P a p anga b ou n d arie s there ar e situ ate d n o l e ss th an thirty r an ,

cheri as of Negrit os h avi ng an aver ag e p opu l ati on of 4 0 per sons or a

,
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N E G R I T OS on ZA M B A L E S 31

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t ot al of ore th an B esi d es the se there ar e pr ob ab l y an y

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s c attere d f a i l ie s especi al l y in the hi g her an d l e s s e asi l y acc es si bl e

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,

f o res t s o f M o u n t Pi n at u b o w h o l ive i n no fi xe d spo t b u t l e ad a w an d er

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i n g exi s te n ce A n d s o u n cert ai n a e the h ab it s o f the o r e s ett l e dr

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.

N eg r i t o s th at on e of the thirty r an ch eri as k n ow n t o d ay ay t o o rr ow - -

b e n o th i n g o re th an a n a e an d so e i l es aw ay a n ew ranc h eri a

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ay sp ri n g u p The ten d e n c y to r e ain in on e pl ace see s h ow e v er

.
,

to b e g r o w i n g .

The ou n t ai n ou s p orti on s of t h e j u ri s d icti on s o f the t wo t o w ns o f

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B o tol an an d S an M arce l i n o the se l ve s an y i l e s apar t w ith thr ee o r

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oth er n o rthe as t u n ti l the y ,

e et T h S an M arc el i n o re g i on c on t ai n s. e

ab o u t the s a e n u b er o f N eg rit o s g r o u pe d i n any s al l c o u n i

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,

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tie s ar ou n d fi v e l ar g e cen ter s S ant a F e Agl ao Cab ayan P afi ibu t an

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—

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w

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an d T i ao each o f w hich n u
— b er s so e 3 00 N eg rit o s They ar e o f

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.

the s a e type an d c u l t u re pl an e as th ose n e arer Pi natu b o an d their ,

h ab it at is pr ac ti c al l v th e a e a c on ti n u ati on of the ore o l e ss r u gg e d

s ,
r

C or d i l ler a The y ar e in c on stant c o un ic ati on w i th th e N eg r i tos

.

n o rth o f the an d w ith th os e acr o s s the P a an a l i n e eas t o f th e

m
p g .

The N eg rito s o f A g l ao a al s o in c o u n ic at i on w ith th o s o f S u b ig

re e ,

where there i s a s i n g l e r an cheri a n u b eri n g 4 5 so u l s Sti l l f arth er .

m
s o u th in t h e j u ri s d icti o n o f O l on g ap o ar e t w o r an cheri as nu b er in g ,

ab ou t 1 00 peopl e wh o part ake o re o f the ch ar acteri stic s o f the N e g rit o s

mm
,

m
o f B at aan j u s t acr o s s the p r o vi n ci al l i n e th an the y d o o f th o s e o f the

n o rth .

mm
Here n ti on
e ay b e ad e al s o o f t h l o c ati o n o f r an cheri as an d e

nu ber s of N eg r i t o s i n the p r o v in ce s ad j o i n i n g Z a b al e s as att en ti o n ,

i s freq u en t l y c al l e d t o the l ater e s peci al l y th os e o f B ataan f or the , ,

s ake of c o p a ri s on N e g rit os ar e rep orte d fr o

. al l o f the t ow n s o f
B at aan an d there ar e e sti ate d t o b e
,
o f the or ab ou t h al f a
-

,
s

an y as i n Z a b ale s T h ey ar e ore n u e rous on the si d e tow ar d

.

M ani l a B ay in the oun t ain s b ack of B al an ga O ri on an d Pi l ar

, , ,
.
.

M o r on an d B ag ac on the opposite c oast e ach report o re th an a h u n d re d .

There is a c ol on y of ab ou t thirty n e ar M ar i ve l e s O w i n g to re pe ate d .

vi s i ts o f t ou ri st s to their vi l l ag e an d t o the f act th at they w ere sen t to

the H an oi E x po si ti on in 1 9 03 thi s g r ou p h as l ost any of the c u st o.

,
s

p ec u l i ar t o Neg rit os in a w i l d st ate an d h as d on n e d the o r d i n ar y Fi l i ~

p i n o attire .

Cab c ab e al so in the j u ri s d icti on o f M arivele s h as

,
o re th an a ,

h u n d re d Neg rit os an d fr o h ere t o D i n al u pijan the n orth ern st

, ,
o

t ow n of the pr o vi n ce there ar e fr o 5 0 t o 2 00 s c attere d in s al l

,

g r o u p s ar o u n d e ac h t ow n an d w ithi n eas v d i t an ce
. S o e ti e s as at s .
,

B al an g a th ev ar e e p l oye d on the su g ar pl ant at i n s an d ake f airl y

,
o

o d l ab orer s
g o .
 mm
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32 N E G R I T OS or ZA MB A L ES

The N e g r it o s B at aan as a w h ole see l e s s ix e d w ith th e M al ayan

of

m
th an any other g r ou p an d f ew er i xe d b l oo d s ar e s een a ong the
, .

Their av erag e st atu re is al so s o ewh at l ow er The y speak c orru pt

m m
.

T agal og th ou gh c areful st u dy ay reve al tr aces o f an o ri g i n al t on gu e

m
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( See A ppe n d ix B f o r a v o c a b u l a r y ) .

m
I n the s ecti on of P a p an g a l y i n g n e ar Z a b al es Pr ov in ce o re th an

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a t h ou san d N eg rit o s h ave b ee n rep o rte d fr o t he t ow n s of F l ori d a

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B l anc a P or ac A n g ele s an d M ab al ac at There ar e esti ate d t o b e
, , , .

ab o u t i n T arl ac i n the j u ri sd icti on o f the t ow n s o f O D onn el l ’

,

m
,

M o ri one s C apas B a b an an d C a i ling There ar e tw o or three

, , ,
.

g oo d tr ail s le a d i n g fr o t hi s p r o vi n ce i n t o Z a b a le s b y w hich the

N eg r ito s o f th e two pr ovi n ce s c o u n ic at e w i th e ach o ther I t is

m
.

p pr o os e d t o c on vert the on e fr o O D o n n el l t o B o t o l an i’
n t o a w a g o n

r o ad which w i ll h ave the eff ect of Open i ng u p a littl e k n ow n territ or y

,
-
.

A cr oss the l in e i nt o P ang as i n an n e ar the t ow n o f M ang atar en

there i s a c ol o ny of i xe d N eg rit os s o ew h at o re ad v an ce d

mm
.

in civiliz ati on th an i s u su al l y the c as e w ith thes e f or e s t d w eller s .

A cc o rd i ng t o D r D P B arr ow s wh o vi sit ed their r an cheri as in

. . .
,

D ece b er 1 9 01 it s ee s t o h ave b ee n the i n te n ti on o f the Sp an i sh

, ,

au th oritie s t o f o r a re s erv ati on at th at pl ace w hich sh o u l d b e a cen ter

fr o w hich t o re ach the w i l d er b an d s i n the hi l l s an d to i n du ce the

t o ad opt a o re s ettle d life A Filipi n o w as s e nt to the r an cheri a as a
.

ae str o an d r e ai n e d a the pe ple e u t the s che e

“ ”
on
g o s i x
y a r s B .

fe l l thr ou g h there as el se where in the f ai l u re of the au th o rities t o

p r o vi d e h o e s a n d o cc u p a ti o n s f o r the Ne g r it o s The I l o k an o c a e .

i n an d o cc u pie d al l t h e av ai l ab le territ o r y an d the Ne g rit o s n ow h an g ,

ar o u n d the I l ok an o h o e s doi n g a little w ork an d p i cki n g u p th e little

,

f o o d thr own to the D r B arr ow s s t at es th at the g r ou p c on t ai n s n o

. . .

p u re type s ch ar acteriz ed b v w i d e fl at n os es an d ki n k y h air

.

,
I n ad d iti on .

t o the b ow an d arr ow s the y c arry a kn ife c al l e d ka p i l an h aving a

” “

w de c u rvi ng b l ad e
i They u se thi s w e ap on in a d an ce c al l e d b al u k
— ” “
.
,

b r an di s hi n g it sn app i n g t he i r fin g er s an d w hirli n g ab ou t w ith k n ee s

, ,

cl o se to the g r ou n d Thi s i s f arther n orth th an N eg r it os ar e f ou n d

.

in Z a b ale s b u t i s i n territ or y c on ti gu ou s t o th at of the T ar l ac Ne g rit os .

The entire reg i on c ont ai ns ab ou t s ou l s The g r ou p s ar e so .

s c attere d h ow ever th at the territo ry ay b e sai d to b e p r actic all y

, ,

u n o cc u pie d .
m
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CHA P T E R I I I

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m
N E G R I T O S OF Z A M B A L E S

mm
mm
m
P H Y S I CA L FEAT UR E S

mm
The ch aracteri stic s which serve ore th an an y other s to d i sti ng u i sh
.

the tru e N eg r ito fr o oth er i n h ab it ant s of the Phi l i ppi n e s ar e h i s

m
al l s t at u re ki n k y h air an d al ost b l ack skin H i s e yes ay b e

m
s , , .

ore r ou n d h i s n os e o re sh o rt an d fl at an d h i s l i bs o re s pi n d li n g

mm
,

m
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,

th an i s the c as e w ith pe ople s of M al ayan extr acti on b ut the s e fe at u re s ,

ar e u s u al l y le ss n o ticeab l e Perh ap s un du e e ph asi s h as b ee n g ive n

m
.

by w r i t er s on th e N eg r ito t o h i s sh ort st at u re u n ti l the i p re s s i on ,

h as g o n e ab r o ad th at the s e pri i tive en ar e verit ab l e d w arf s

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As

mm
.

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a atter o f f act i n d ivi d u al s s o
,
eti e s att ain the s t atu re o f the s h ort

m
est o f the w hite en an d ap p are n tl y on l y a s l ig ht i n f u s i on o f M al ayan
,

b l oo d i s n ece s sa r y t o c au s e the Ne g rit o t o equ al the M al ay i n hei g ht

m
.

m
The Aet a of Z a b al e s r an g e in st atu re fr o 4 to 5 feet T o b e o re

m m
.

ex act the axi u h eight of the 7 7 i n d ivi du al s e asu re d b y e t akin g

m
, ,

m
the as they c a e w ith no atte pt to s elect w as
,
i lli eter s
,

( 5 feet 2 i n che s ); the axi u h ei g ht f o r fe ale s w as i lli

et er s (4 fee t 1 1 in che s ) ; the i n i u h ei ght f or al es w as
i ll i e ters (4 feet 2 in che s ) f or f e ale s ,
i lli eter s (4 feet )
,
.

The ave r ag e o f the 4 8 ales e asu re d w as i lli e ter s (4 feet 9 :

in che s ) 3 o f the 2 9 fe ale s ,

i lli e ter s (4 feet 6 i nche s ) There : .

i s perh ap s n o g re ater v ari ati on b etw e en the s e fig u re s th an there w ou l d

b e b et w e en the aver ag e s of s t atu re o f as any i n d ivi d u al s s electe d at

ran d o f r o any other race Y et it sh oul d b e re e b ere d th at s o e o f

.

the Ne g ritos i n clu d ed in thi s li st ar e not p u re typ es i n f act ar e no —

,

ore th an h alf b r eed s

-
.

The ab nor al len g th of the ar of the N eg ritos h as b een reg ar ded

by so e w ri t ers as an ess ent i all y s i i an c h ar acteri stic e sp eci al l y in ,

th e c as e of th e p yg y b l ack s o f Ce n tr al A fri c a With the A eta th i s .

c h ar acteri sti c i s n ot s o arke d y et 7 o u t of 8

,
a le
'
s h ad a re ach or .

sp an re at r th an t h hei h t The r o p o rt i o n w as n o t so l ar g e a on g
g e e g p .

th e f e ale s b ei ng on l y 2 in 3
,
The axi u sp an f or ale s was
.

i lli e ters f or fe ale s

,
i lli e ters b u t in n e ither c e d i d
,
as

1 7 09 5 3
m
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34 N E G R I T OS or Z A M B AL E S

m
-

th e i n d ivi d ual s h avi ng the g re ate st s p an al so h ave the g reate st hei g ht .

The averag e sp an of 4 8 ales excee d e d the aver ag e hei ght b y illi

m
e ters ; the d iff ere n ce in the c as e of the fe ale s w as onl y 1 6 i lli eter s .

m
L eng th of ar w as t aken on onl y 1 9 i n d ivi d ual s 1 6 al es an d 3 ,

fe ale s The l ong e s t ar

. e asu re d i lli e ter s (2 f eet 3 i n ches ) ,

w hich i s n ot so l on g as the av er ag e C au c as i an ar -

th ou g h ore out ,

of r p rti t o the hei ht i thi c e b ei e rl h l f the l tter

m
p o o o n g n s a,s n g n a y a a

m
e asu re ent The sh or te st ar . th at of an ad u lt fe al e w as 5 3 9
, ,

m
i lli e ter s (2 1 in che s )

m
.

m
S o f ar fr o b ei n g ape like i n appe ar an ce s o e of th e A et a ar e v er y ,

w ell b u ilt little

-
en w ith b r o ad che s t s sy
,
etri c al li
,
b s an d w ell ,

d evel ope d u s cle s h ar d e n e d b y i n ce s san t u se Thi s ap pl ies of c ou r se .

on l t the d b j t r chi h d d i

mm
y o y o u n g e n a n o y s u s a pp o a n g a n o o an s

m
,

m
es peci ally notice ab le in t h e s ou thern reg i ons where the A et a ar e g en er ally ,

o re r ob u st and u s c u l ar The you ng er fe ale s ar e al s o as a r u le

.

m
w ell f or ed I n the c as e of u n arrie d g irl s the b re as t s ar e r ou n d e d
.

an d er ect b u t after arri ag e g r ad u all y b ec o e ore an d ore pen d ant

mm
,

u n til th ey h ang al ost t o the w ai st li n e With ad v an cin g age the .

u s cle s s h ri n k the ski n sh rivel s u p u n ti l an in d ivi du al of 4 0 to 5 0

,

e r ll h the d ecrepit e r ce f ct ri i f ct

m
y a s u su a y a s a pp a a n o a n o og en a a n n a ,

5 0 i s ol d ag e w ith the A et a ( S e e pl a te s.
) .

mmm
An thr op o e tri c ob ser vat i on s f all n atur al l y i n to two g roup s d eali ng

m
,

w ith the pr op orti on s of th e he ad an d b o d y the l atter o f w hi c h h ave ,

m
alre ad b e n d i sc u s s e d G re a t i n t ere st att ach es al so to the rel ative pr o
y e .

p o rti o n s o f the d iff ere n t d i e n s i o n s o f the he ad an d es peci al l

y t o the
ce ph alic i n d ex ob t ai n e d b y u l ti pl yi ng th e axi u b re ad th b y 1 00 an d
d ivi di ng b y the axi u l e ngth He ads w i th an in dex of 7 5 or u n d er
.

ar e c alle d d oli c h oc e h al i c ; th o s e b et w ee n 7 5 an d 8 0 es ati c ep hal i c ; an d

’
p ,

th o se ov er 8 0 br ac hy c aph ali c The h ead s of th e A et a ar e e ssen ti al l y.

br ac hy c ep h ali c O w i ng to the l ack of proper c al iper s d u rin g the g re ater

.

p a r t of y s t ay a o n g the I w a s a b le t,
o e a s u re o n l y 1 9 i n d ivi d u a l s ,

b u t of th os e al l b u t 5 w ere i n th e br ac kyc eph al i c gr ou p on e i n st an ce ,

b ei n g n ote d where th e i n d ex w as as g reat as 9 2 ; the l ow est w as 7 8

-

The averag e of the ale s was 8 2 an d of the fe ale s 8 6 .

C onsi d erab le i p ortanc e in anthr op o etry i s att ac h e d t o th e s tu dy

o f the n os e T h e t y pic al A et a n os e
. ay b e d e s cri b e d as b r o ad fl at , ,

b r i d g e l e ss w ith p r o i n e n t arc h e d al ae al os t as hi gh as th e ce n tr al
,

c art il ag e of th e n o se an d w ith the n os tril s i n v ari ab l y vi s i b le f r o th e

f ront .
The nas al i n dex ob t ai n e d by d ivi d ing th e n asal b read th b y the
h eig h t fr o th e r oot of th e n ose t o the sep tu an d ul tipl yi ng th e
q u oti ent by 1 00 s erv es t o i n d ic ate th e gr ou p t o Wh ich th e i n d ivi d ual
b el on g s . T hu s it w il l b e seen th at r ace s w ith a nas al i n d ex of ore
th an 1 00 h ave a n ose wi d er th an it i s l ong T h i s i s a ark ed c haracter .

i sti c of t h e A et a O f th e 7 6 A et a I e asu re d 2 5 w er e u l trap lat yr hi

. ,

nian w
th at i s h ad a n as al i nd ex g re ater th an 1 09
,
One i n d ivi d u al a .
,
 m
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m
m N E G R I T OS or ZA M B A L E S 35

mm
fe e sh owe d the s ur p ri si ng i n d x of
al the g re ate s t s o f ar rec or d e d

m
, e

m
m
to y k n o wl e dg e The g r ea te s t n asa l
. i n d ex a on g the al e s w a s

O nl y on e ex a ple o f a e s or h i a e n ose w as note d al so o f a f e al e and , ,

b ut 7 p l a ty hi n c The ost o f th e b e l ong e d in the

r .

m
g r o up T h.e f ol l ow i n g t ab l e w il l sh o w the r
p p o er c l as s i fi c a ti o n o f t h e

in d ivi du al s eas u re d b y e :

m
N as a l i nd ex f
o Za ba l es N eg r i to s

m
m
Sex and n u b er

G r ou p
Ma l es Fe l
a es

h
M es o r i n e

m
Pl t y h i
a r ne 3 4

mm
H y p e r p l a t y rh i n e 27 16
U l trap l a t y r h i n e (1 09 an d o v er )

m
15 10

The sh ap e of the eye v arie s f ro the r o un d ne g r oi d o f th e pu re

m
bl o o ds t o the el ong ate d on g ol o id i n the c as e o f i xe d t ype s The

m
.

c ol or of the eye s i s a v ery d ark b r o w n or bl ack The l i ps ar e e d iu

mm
mm
.

thick f ar l e ss thick th an the l i ps o f t h e Af ric an n e g ro an d ar e n ot

, ,

r r i

m
p o t u d n g .

The h air o f th e A eta i s u n i f o r l y ki nk y i n th e c ase o f th e pu r e t ypes

m
.

m
I n d ivi du al s w ere n ot ed w ith other n e g r oi d fe at u r es bu t w ith c u r l y h ai r

m
m
,
.

s h ow i n a r o b ab le i x t u re f b l d The h ir r w l w n the f re
g p o o o a g o s o o o

m
.

m
he ad an d is ver y thick E yeb r ow s ar e n ot he avy save in p artic u l ar

m
,
.

m
i n stan ce s an d h ear d i s very sc an ty th ou gh all adu lt ale s h ave s o e
, ,

m
b e ar d . T h ere i s ver y l ittl e b o dy h air on adu lt s o f eith er sex except in ,

the axil l ar y an d pub i c re g i on s an d it i s s c ant even in the se p l ace s ,

.

The n orth ern N eg r it o s h ave pr actic al l y non e in the ar pits T w o or .

three ol d en w ere s e en w ith a c oati ng of h air over the b ack chest , ,

an d le s T h he a d h a ir i u n if r l f d ir t b l a ck c l r i n e
g .e s o y o a y o o s o ,

i n st an c es su nb u r n e d on top t o a re d d i sh b r own I t tu rns g r ay at a .

c o par ativel y early ag e an d b al dn e ss i s freq u en t ( See P l s XI XI I

,
. .
, ,

XI II XIV XV XVI )
, , ,
.

I n th e c as e of w o en th e h air i s g ene r all y al l ow e d t o g r ow l ong ,

an d i n thi s t an le d n b e d t te f u r n i h es an excelle n t b ree d i n

g u c o s a ,
s g
p l a ce f o r ver i n H o w ever if .t h e e r i n b ec o ,
e tr o u b le s o e
v th e

h air i s so e ti e s c u t s hort ( See P l XVII ) The c u tti ng i s done . . .

w ith the ever u s ef u l h ol e or sh ar p k n ife an d i s a so e wh at l ab ori ou s

-

an d p ai n f u l pr o ces s S o e ti e s the h air ay b e cr opped b ehi nd an d

.

l eft l on g on t op T hi s i s a f av orite s tyle of w e ari n g it a on g the

. en ,

and i s freq u en tl f o ll ow e d b the w o e n A tte p t i s sel d o ad e

y y .

t o c o b the h air b u t fr eq u en t ver i n c atchi ng on sl au g ht s ar e

,
ad e
-

the pers on p erfor i ng the w ork u si ng a sh arp piece o f b a b oo to s ep a

rate th e tang le d ki nk s and to ash th e off end i ng p arasi te ag ai nst th e
 m
m
mm
m
m
m
mmm
36 N E G R I T OS on ZA M B A L E S

m
th u b na il B ataan th e N eg r it os so e ti e s sh ave a circ u l ar pl ace
. I n

on the cr o w n bu t I a n ot i n f o r
,
e d as t o the re ason The pr actice .

m
i s n ot f o l l ow e d in Z a b al es .

The c o l or of th e ski n i s a d ark c h oc ol at e b r ow n r ather th an b l ack ,

m
an d on u n ex po se d p orti on s o f the b o dy appr oache s a y el l o w i sh ti n t o f

the M al ayan The l oat h so e ski n d i se as e c o on i n the n o rthern

m
m
.

reg i on o f L u z on g ives it a ottl ed app ear an ce

m
.

The A eta h ave pr actic al l y n o pr ogn athi s T h e h an d s ar e not l arg e

m
.
,

b u t the feet ar e l arg er i n p r op ort i on t o the s ize o f the b o d y th an th os e

m
of Fi l ipi n os The t oe s ar e spre ad i ng an d the l ar g e toe freq u e ntl y
.
,

exte n ds i n war d so u ch as to attr act atten ti on th ou g h thi s c an n ot ,

b e s ai d t o b e a arke d ch ar act eri s tic o f al l i n d ivi d u al s I t ay b e

m
.

c au se d b y a c ons t an t p r act ice of the tr ee c l i b er th at of g r aspi ng a —

b r an ch b et w e en the l ar g e t oe s an d the other t oe s I h ave seen Ne g ri to .

b o ys w h o w ou l d u s e their f eet i n thi s res pect as w el l as the y u s e d their

m
han d s

mm
.

PE R M A N E N T A D OR N M E N T

m
The c u sto p rev ai l s thr oug h ou t the e n tire N eg rit o territ ory of sh arp

m
en i n g the teeth U su all y onl y the u pp er te eth ar e so tre at e d b u t
.
,

nu e rou s c ases w ere no ted wher e the t eeth w ere sh ar p en e d b oth ab ove

m
an d b e l o w an d sti l l there w ere other s w here th ey w ere n ot s h ar pe n e d
,

m
at al l . Thi s sh ar pen i n g i s n ot perf or ed at any c ert ai n ag e an d it ,

is appar en t l y n ot ob l i g at or y ; I do n ot b eliev e p aren t s c o p el their

m
chil dr en to su b i t t o thi s pr actice T h e ob j ect see s t o b e l ar ge l y .

f o r the s ake o f ad o rn en t b u t the N eg rit os s ay th at sh arp en e d t eeth

,

m
e nabl e the to eat c o rn w ith g r eater ease T h e sh arpen ing i s d on e .

by pl ac in g th e b l ad e o f a h ol e ag ai n s t the p art of t h e t oot h t o b e

b r oken aw ay an d g iv in g it a sh arp r ap w ith a p i ece of w oo d The .

o er ati on c al l e d e h t d elic e e r eq u iri n g c are

“
p ,
t a i s a so w a a t on ,

t o preve n t b reaki n g thr ou g h i n t o th e so ft p art of the to oth an d exp o s

i n g the n erve an d i s n o d oub t pr actice d b y on l y on e or t w o per son s i n
,

g r o u p
,
th ou g h thi s f a ct c o u l d n o t b e as ce r t ai n e d N o t w ith s t an d i n
.
g
thi s u til ati on th e teeth see t o b e re ark ab l y he althy an d w ell pre
,

er v ed exc ept i n o l d a e
g .

I n l ikd an n er e ach g r o u p o f pe opl e p osse s s e s i t s s c ar i fier w h o b y ,

pr ac tice b ec o es adept Sc ar i fic ati on s i p ly f or p u rp os e s of or n a en

.

t at i on i s n ot p r actice d t o an y g re at extent b y the Neg rit o s ar ou n d

Pi n atu b o The y bu rn the s elve s f or c u rative pu rpo s e s (see Ch ap VI )
. .

an d ar e s o eti e s c overe d w ith sc ar s b ut n ot th e ki n d of sc ar s pr o

,

d u c ed b y in ci s i on s O n l y occ asi onall y i s the l atter sc ar i fic at i on seen

.

n e ar Pi n at u b o I n re g i ons w here it i s c o
. on the w o rk i s u su all y d on e

at the ag e of 1 5 or 1 6 al th ou g h it ay b e d on e at an y ag e
,
The i n ci .

s i on s ar e ad e w ith a k n ife o r a v er y s h ar p p iece o f c an e an d g e n er all y ,

f oll ow s o e re g u l ar d es i gn S c ar i fic at i on i s c alled an d it
” “
. ta b ad -

,
m
m
mm
m
m
mm
m
m
mmm
m
m
‘

38 N E G R I T OS on Z A M B A L E s
‘

mmm
hi h e p ul l s off a b erry an d e ats it On e ay s ee a stri ng w ith j u st .

a f ew b errie s ,
an d ag ai n a c o p l ete n eckl a ce o f the evi d e n tl y j u s t ,

p u t on The s e ar e w o r n by b o th s exe s an d ar e s o w or n f o r the s ake of

m
.

c on v en ie n ce as uch as w ith the i d e a of orn a en tati on f or the N eg rito ,

h as n o p o ck et N ec k l ace s of fine woven s trip s o f bej u c o or veg et ab le

m
.

fib er ar e so eti e s s ee n b u t ar e n ot c o on T h es e s tran d s are

m
.

wo ve n ov er a piece of c an e the l en g th w i s e st r an d s b ei n g o f one c o l or

, ,

p er h a p s y e l l o w an d the cr o s sw i s e s tr an d s b l ack g ivi n g a ver y prett y

mm
, ,

m
eff ect and aking a d u r ab l e orna en t which the N eg ritos c al l l a “

m
m
H air orn a e nt s ar e n ot g e ner al l y w or n b ut n ear l y every N eg rito , ,

ale an d fe al e e s peci al l y i n s o u thern Z a b al es an d B at aan p oss e sse s

, ,

on e o r or e of the s o c al le d c o b s o f b a b oo
—
A si ng le styl e prev ail s .

o ver th e e n tire Neg rit o territ o r y d iff eri ng on ly i n i no r d et ail s A

, .

m
s ec ti o n o f b a b oo or ou n t ai n c an e v aryi ng in l e ng th fro 5 to 1 0 ,

in ches i s split in third s o r q u ar t er s an d on e of these piece s for s the

m
,

b od y o f the c o b Teeth ar e c u t at on e en d and the back i s orn a ented

.

acc o r d i ng t o the t as te o f the aker by a r u d e c ar y in

g Thi s c a rvi n g .

c on s i st s s i pl y of a series of li n es or c u ts f ol l ow i ng so e reg u l ar de s ig n

m
,

i n t o w h ich d irt i s r ubb e d to ake it b l ack The c o b s ay b e f u rther

m
.

d ec or ate d w ith b ri g ht c ol ored b ir d feather s f as te n e d w ith b ee sw ax or

-

g u t o the c on c ave s i d e o f the en d w hich h as n o t eeth The fe ather s .

m
ay b e notche d s aw t o oth f as hi on an d h av e stri n g t as s e l s f asten e d t o the
-

en d s I n l ieu of fe athers h o r seh air and a ki n d o f oss or other pl an t

.
.

fi b er ar e o fte n u s e d The os t el ab or ate d ec o r ati on s were n oticed

mm
.

o nl y i n the n o rth w hile the c o b s of the s ou th h ave either n o o rna

,

entati on or h ave s i p ly the h air or oss The se c o b s which the .

,

N eg r itos c al l h ook l ay are ad e and w o rn b y b oth en and w o en

“ ” ’
-

, ,

either w ith the t as s ele d an d fe athere d e n d s d irectl y i n fr on t o r d irec tl y

behi n d .
( See Pl XXXVI
.
) .

L e g l ets of w i l d b oar s b ri stle s c al l e d a yé b u n ore c o

’ ” “
—
ar e
, on -

i n the s ou th th an i n the n o rth Thes e ar e ad e by t aki ng a s trip o f

.

b ej u c o and f asten i ng the b ri s tle s t o it s o th at they st an d ou t at ri ght

an g l e s t o the l eg of the w earer They ar e u s e d on ly by en an d are
.

wo r n on either l e u su all y on the ri g ht j u s t b el ow the k n ee The .

Ne g rito s say the s e leg l ets g ive the w e arer g reat er p owe r s of en d u rance
an d ar e effi c aci ou s i n aki n g l on g j o u r n eys le ss tire so e F or i s
“
.

n ot the w i l d b e ar th e os t h ar d y o f al l an i they as k Thi s

”
al s ? .

i d ea i s fu r ther c arrie d out in th e we ari ng o f piece s of b oar s ski n with ’

th e h air attache d which ,

ay o f ten b e see n tie d ar ou n d the le s or
g
w r i st s. D eer ski n wh ich i s q u ite as c o
,
on a ong the N eg r it os is ,

n ever u s ed i n s u ch f as hi o n M otal ri ngs an d b racelet s ar e entir ely

.

un k nown a ong the N eg r it os except where sec u red fr o the c oast

t o wn s ( See P l XXXVII )
. . .
m
mmm
m
m
CHA P T E R I V

m
mm
I N D U S T R I A L L I FE

mmm
H OM E L I FE

m
m
T h e g en er al c on d iti on of the N egr i tos alth oug h n ot on e of extre
,
e

i s ery, i s i n dee d piti abl e Their l ife i s a c on ti n u al str ugg l e f or s u ffi

m
.

m
cie n t f o od b u t their eff ort s to pr o vi d e f o r the se l v s s to p sh o rt at

mm
,
e

th at c l othin g an d h ou se s ar e of s ec on dary i po rt an ce The aver ag e .

N eg r i t o t ake s l it t l e p ri d e i n h i s d w e l l i n g p l ace A she l ter su fficien t to

.

t u rn the b e ati n g r ai n s i s al l he ask s He see s t o it th at the h ut i s on

.

m
r hi h e u h s o th at w ate r w i l l n o t s t an d i n it ; the n c u r l e d u p

m
g o u n d g n o
g

m
,

b e s i d e h i s f ew c oal s o f fi r e he s l eep s w ith a d e g ree o f c o f o rt

,
.

m
The o s t e asil y c on stru cte d h u t an d ther ef ore the o st c o on
, ,

m
c on s i st s s i pl y o f t wo f orke d stick s d rive n i n t o the g r ou n d so the y

m
s t an d a bo u t 8 feet ap art an d 4 feet hi h A h riz n t al i ce i l a i d
g o .o p e s

i n the tw o f ork s then s o e s tri p s o f b a bo o ar e i n c l i n e d ag ai n s t thi s

mm
,

cr o sspiece the other e n d s re sti ng on the g r ou nd S o e cr o ss s tri ps ar e

,
.

tie d w i t h b ej u c o t o the s e b a b o o s an d the w h o l e i s c o vere d w ith

-

ban an a l e ave s . W ith the ateri al s c l o se at h an d a h al f h ou r i s s u fh

cien t f or on e an to c on str u ct su ch a she l ter Where a c o par ative l y .

l on g res i d e n ce in on e pl ace i s c on t e pl ate d o re c are ay b e g ive n

th e c on str u cti on o f a ho u s e b u t the abo ve d e s cri p t i on w i l l app l y t o

,

an y d w e l l i n g s i n a r an cher ia t w o o r th r e e ye ar s o l d I n s t e ad o f t w o .

u ri ht iece s ake it f ou r so e w h at h i g h r an d pl ace a b a e b oo la t

p g p , , p
f or withi n s o the o cc u pan t s d o n o t h ave to s l ee p on the g r ou n d an d ,

vo u h ave an appr ove d t ype of Neg r it o architec t u re S o e ti e s as an .

ad j u n ct t o thi s a she l ter a

y b e er ecte d i n fr on t
.

pr o vi d e d w ith ,
a ,

b a b oo s eat f or the acc o od ati on of vi s it or s The ore pr o sper o us .

N e g r it o s i n the l on g e st ab l i sh ed r ancher
-
i as h ave f ou r p oste d h ou s e s of
—

ba b oo w ith r o of an d s i d e s of c og o n g r as s
,
The fl oor s ar e 4 feet f r o
.

the gr ou n d an d the c oo ki ng i s d on e u n der n e ath the fl oo r s A s al l fir e .

i s ke pt b u r n i n g al l n i g ht The in ate s o f the h ou s e sl ee p j u st a bov e

.

it an d in thi s w ay receive so e b e n ef t o f th e w ar th I f i t w ere

,
i .

n o t f o r the s e fi re s the Ne r i to w o u l d s u ffer sever el f r c o l d d u ri n

g y o g
t h e n i g ht f o r he p o ss e s s e s n o b l anket an d u s es n o c ov er i n g o f a ny s ort
,
.
m
mm
mm
m
m
m
m
m
mm
m
m
m
40 N E e R I r os or ZA M B AL ES

mm
F o r t wo e he n ev er lets h i s fir e g o ou t , fi r st b ec ause h e like s

m
r ason s ,

t o f ee l the war th c on t i n u all y an d s ec on d b ec au se i t i s s o ethi ng

m
, ,

o f a t as k t o b u i l d a fir e on ce it h as g on e ou t , ( S ee P l s XXXVI II . .
,

XXXI X ) .

The eth od of aking fir e u se d univ ersally by th e N eg ri tos of Z a

m
m
”
bale s i s th at o f t h e fli nt an d steel whic h app ar at u s th ey c all pan ti ng
“ ’
~

m
-
.
,

The steel i s prize d hig hl y b ec au s e it is h ard to g et ; it i s pr oc u re d in

,

m
tr ad e f r o t he C h ri sti an ize d natives N early ev ery N eg r ito c arrie s

m
.

a fli n t and s teel i n a little g r ass b as ket o r c as e d an g li ng d ow n h i s b ac k

an d su s en d ed b y a fi b er s tri n g f r o h i s n eck I n the s a e b ask et

p .

ar e u s u ally t ob acc o le ave s bu yo an d other s all o d d s an d en d s

, ,
So e .

m
ti es thi s p ou c h i s c arri ed i n the f ol d s o f the b r eech c l oth wh ich is

m
,

m
the on l y p ock et the N eg r ito p oss e ss e s

m
.

T he fl

mm
int an d s teel
-
eth o d of fi r e
-
. aki ng h as al os t e n tirel y su
p
pl an te d th e ore pri i t ive e th o d of aki ng fi r e by r u b b ing tw o
s tick s t og ethe r b u t i n s o e i n s t an ces t h i s e th od i s sti l l f ol l owe d ,

an d ev er ywhere the Neg rit os k n ow of it Th ey do not k now whether .

th e eth od i s ori g i n al w ith th e or n ot b ut th ey ad i t they b or r owed ,

the fl i n t an d s tee l i d ea fr o
- -
th e Filipi n o s Wh en the f r icti on pr oc e ss .

i s e p l oy e d a pi ece of b a b oo w it h a h ol e i n it i n which ar e fi r l y

m
,

hel d so e fin e sha ving s or lint i s vi olen tly r u bb ed cr ossw i s e agai ns t ,

the ed g e of another piec e u nt il th e fri c ti on ig n ites the l i nt I t i s

mm
-

m
c al l e d pan a
“
-

Wh en t wo en ar e w or ki ng t og eth er one h ol d s
the l ow er piec e fir ly while the other an r ub s acr oss it th e sh arpen ed

m
e dg e of th e u pp er pi ece I f a an i s w orki ng al on e the piece w ith the
.

s h ar e n e d e d g e i s hel d fi r l e e the r d the i t

m
b t d
’

p y w e n g ou n a n an s w a s ;
the oth er pi ece of b a b oo w ith th e slit i n i s r u bb ed up an d d own on . .

the sh arp e dg e ( S ee P l e X L X L I )
. .
,
.

I n l ie u of other v es s e l s ric e an d si i l ar f ood s ar e c ooke d in j oi nts

,

of
g ree n b a b oo w hich ar e pl ace d i n the c oal s an d h ot ashe s
, W he n .

the f o od is c ooke d the b a b oo i s sp l it open an d the c on tent s p ou re d -

ou t on b anan a l eav es Thi s i s by f ar the ost c o on e th od e p l oye d

.
,

th ou g h not a f ew N eg r itos p osse ss earth en ware p ot s an d so e f ew h ave ,

a b i g ir on ve s s el Meat s are alw ays r oas ted by c u tti ng i nto s all b its
.

an d s tri ng i ng on a strip of c an e M aize i s r oas te d on h ot c oal s E v ery

. .

thi ng i s e aten w i th ou t salt al th oug h the N eg r itos like salt and ar e

,

v ery g l ad t o get it .

I t h as al re ady b een n ot e d th at the N eg r ito h as a h ar d ti e t o g et

e n ou g h to eat an d f or th at reason there i s s c arcely anythi ng i n the
,

an i al or ve g et ab le ki n g d o o f h i s e n vir on en t of which he d oe s n ot
ake u se . He nev er h as ore th an tw o e al s a day so e ti es onl y ,

on e an d he w i l l o ften s tar t e ar l y i n the

,
or n i ng on a d eer h u n t w ith ou t

h avi ng eaten any f ood an d wi l l h u nt ti l l l ate in t h e afternoon I n .

ad d iti on t o the fi sh e el s and cr ayfish o f the stre a s the wil d boar

, , ,

an d w il d chicke n o f the pl ai n an d w oo d l an d he w ill eat i g uanas an d ,

 m
m
mm
mm
m
m
m
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m
N E G R I T OS or ZA M B A L E S 41

m
an y b ir d he c an c atch i n c l u d i ng c ro ws h awk s an d v ultu r e s L arg e
, , , .

py
-

t h on s fu rn i sh e s pe ci al l y t ooth so e ste ak s so he say s bu t i f s o h i s , , , ,

t te
as in thi s re spect i s se l d o sati sfie d f or the se repti l e s are extre e ly ,

s c arce .

B e s i d e s rice aize ,
c a otes an d oth er c u l tivate d veg et abl e s there
, ,

i s n ot a w i l d tu b er or fr u it w ith w hi c h the N eg r i t o s s t o ach i s n ot

’

m
acq u ai n te d E ven so e t h at i n their r aw st at e wou l d be d ead ly p oi s on
.

ou s he s o ak s an d b o i l s i n s ever al w ater s u n ti l the p o i s on i s e xtr acte d ,

an d the n he eat s the Thi s i s the c as e w ith a yel l ow tu b er which he

.

c all s c a “
I n i t s n atu r al f or i t i s c overe d w ith s ti ff b ri st l es .

m
The Neg rito s peel off th e ski n an d sl ice the veg et ab l e i n to ve y thi n r

m
b it s an d s oak in w ater t w o d ays af ter w hich it i s b o i l e d in t wo or ,

three water s u n ti l i t h as l ost i ts yel l o w c ol or I n or der to see i f any

m
.

p oi s on sti l l re ai n s s o e of i t i s f ed t o a d og an d if he d oes n ot d ie ,

th ey the sel ve s eat it I n ta ste it so e wh at re se b l e s c ooke d rice

. .

mm
Thi s w as t ol d e by an ol d N eg r ito wh o I b e l ieve d i d n ot pos se ss

m
e n ou g h i n ve nti on t o ake it u p an d i s i n p art veri fie d b y Mr O Atki n , . .
,

m
d ivi s i on s u perin ten d en t of Z a b ales w h o says in a rep ort t o the Gen eral

m
,

S u peri nte nd en t of E du c ati on O c t ob er 1 9 03 c on c ern i ng the d est itu

, , ,

m
m
ti on o f the t own of I n f an t a th at the pe op l e of th at town w ere f orce d

m
,

by s c ar c ity o f f oo d t o eat thi s t u b er there c al l e d c o He w as “

,

m
t ol d th at it w as s oake d in r u nn i ng wat er fiv e or si x days b e f ore c ooki ng ,

an d i f n ot p re p ar e d i n thi s w ay it w o u l d c au s e s evere s ick n e s s even ,

d e ath I n f act s o e c as es w ere k n ow n w here p er s on s h ad d ie d e ati ng

m
,
.

c o r ot
’
-

A w hite thi n s kinn e d t u b er c all ed bol w i w hich i s f ou n d i n the

,
-

,
“ ’ -

,
”

m
f o rest s i s h igh l y p r iz ed by the N eg r itos al th ou g h it g r ow s so d ee p in
, ,

th e g r ou n d th at the l ab or o f d i g g i n g it i s c on s i d er ab l e A on g the .

c u l tiv ate d veg et ab le s ar e the c o on b u tter b e ans c al l e d an ,

“

an d b l ack b e an s k now n as an t ak ik n o or s ittin g d own b e an s

” “
-
” ’ -
’ “
-

fr o th e f act th at the p ods c u rl u p at one en d Ga b i and b au g an .

-
’
-

ar e w hi t e t u b er s an d u bi a d ar k r ed t u b er
,
’
w hich they eat
-
O ther - — .

c o on pr odu c t s ar e aize pu p kin s and c a ote s , ,

.

The Neg rito h as or d i n arily n o t ab l e b ut the b are g r oun d an d at ,

b est a c oars e at he h as n o d i she s b u t b anana l e ave s an d c oc oan ut

sh el l s an d n o f ork s or s p oon s b u t h i s fin g er s
,
He b ri ng s water fr o .

a s tr ea
.

i n a pi ece of b a b o o ab ou t three j o i n t s l on g i n w hich al l

b u t on e j o i n t h as b een p u n ch ed out an d d ri n k s it fr o a p ie c e o f c oc o a ,

n u t shell I f he n ee d s t o c u t anythi ng t o eat he h as h i s ever re ady b ol o

.
-

which he ay h ave u s e d a o ent b e f o re i n ski n ni ng a pig an d which

i s n ever washed He is rep ul sivel y d irty in h is h o e per s on an d
.
, ,

everythi n g he d o es N oth ing i s ever washe d except h i s h an d s an d

.

f ace an d th o se only r arel y He n ever t ake s a bath b ec au se h e thi n k s

,
.
,

th at if he b athe s often h e i s o re su s cep ti b le to c ol d th at a c o veri ng ,

‘
 m
m
mm
m
m
mm
m
mm
m
m
42 nno n rr o s o n ZA M B A L E S

m
of d irt s erv es
c l othi ng al th oug h he f req u en tl y g et s w et eith e r in
as

m
,

the r ai n or when fi shi ng o r cr oss i ng s tr ea s Thi s is pr ob ab l y one .

m
m
re ason w h y skin d i s eas e s are so c o on .

J A G R I CU L T U R E

The N eg r i to c an n ot by any stret c h of i ag i nati on b e c al le d a

wo rker . H i s l ife f o r g en er ati on s h as n ot b een s u c h as t o tea c h h ab it s

m
o f i n d u s tr B u t f or the f act th at he h as t o d o s o e w o rk r st arve
y . o ,

m
h e wou l d s p en d al l h i s d ays i n i d l e n e s s exc ept th at ti e which he

m
d ev oted t o t h e ch as e Y et w hen un d er pre s su re or u r g ed on by an tici

mm
.

p a t i o n of
g a i n f ro t he w hite an w h o s e w eal th an d u n i fic en c e
,

appe ar b ou n d le ss he i s tire l e ss He w i ll c l e ar g rou n d f or a c a p

,
.
,

ou t an d s plit b a b oo an d ake t ab l e s an d s l eepi n g p l atf o r s w hich

m
, ,

h e w ou l d n ever thi n k of d o i n g f or hi s e l f He c an g et al ong w ith ou t .

m
m
su c h thi n g s an d w h y w as te the t i Y et w he n the c a p i s ab an d on e d

m
e ?
,

he w i l l c arr y the s e thi n gs to h i s h ou se M ost N eg r it os h ave s een the .

b etter st yle of livi ng f ol l o w e d by the ore civilize d Fi l ipi n os i n the

o u t l yi ng b arri o s ; y et the y s ee t o h ave n o d e s ire t o e u l ate it an d ,

I b el i eve th at the l ac k o f su ch d e sire i s du e to a d i s i n c l i n ati on t o

m
p erf o r t he n ece s s ar y an u al l ab or .

B y f ar the g re ater part o f the N eg r i to s en erg ie s ar e d irected t o the

’

m
g r o w i n g o f t o b acc o a ize a n d,
v e g et ab l e s ,
He d o e s n ot pl an t rice t o .

an y ext en t A ll pla nti ng i s d on e i n c l e ar ed spot s i n the f o rest b ec au se

.
,

the so il i s l oos e an d n ee d s n o pl ow i n g as in the c ase of the l ow l and .

The s al l tree s a nd u n der b ru sh ar e c u t aw ay an d b u r ne d an d the

mm
l arg e tree s ar e ki l l e d f o r th e N eg r i t o h as l e ar n e d the t w o i p ort an t

m
,

thi ng s in pri i tiv e f ar i ng fir st th at t h e cr op s w ill n ot th rive i n -

th e sh ad e an d s ec on d th at a tree t o o l ar g e t o c u t
, . ay b e kil l ed b
y c u t
t in g a ri ng ar o un d t t p v n t t h e fl ow of sap T h e cl eari ngs ar e
i o re e .

n ev r l arg e
e .

U su al l y each f a i l y h as it s c l e ar n g n a sep ar ate pl ace th oug h i i ,

so e ti e s tw o or ore f a i l ie s ay c u l tiv ate ad j oin i ng cleari ng s The .

p l a ce s ar e s e l ected w i t h a vie w t o rich n es s of s oil an d e as e i n c l e ari n g .

I n ad d iti on t o prep ari ng the g r o u n d it i s n ece ss ary t o b u il d a fen ce

ar ou n d the c l e ari ng i n o r d er t o keep ou t w i l d h og s A b r u s h fen ce .

i s c on s tru cte d b y thr u s ti n g s tick s i n the g r ou n d a f ew i nche s ap art

an d t w i n i ng b r u sh b et w ee n th e .

A l l w or k o f d ig g i ng u p the s o i l pl an ti n g an d c u ltiv ati ng i s d on e , ,

w ith s h arpe n e d s tick s of h ar d w oo d s o eti e s b u t n ot al w ay s p o i nt ed , , ,

w ith ir on f or i r on i s s c arce Thi s i n str u en t is c alle d ti “

,
. th e
on l o ther t ool the y p oss e s s b ei n g the h ol e w ith w hich the y d o al l the
y ,

c u tti ng .

M en w o e n an d c h il d re n w o rk i n the s e c l eari ng s b u t I d i d n ot
, , ,

s ee an y d i v i s i o n o f l ab o r . exc ept th at the en b ei ng ore ad ept w ith

, ,

th e h o l e d o w h atever c u tt i n g there i s t o b e d on e
,
O n ce pl ante d th e .
,
 m
mmm
m
mm
m
m
m
N E GR I T OS or ZA M B A L E S 43

m
w ee d in g an d c are o f the cr op s f al l s l arg e l y on the w o en an d chi l d re n ,

w hi l e the en t ake th eir c as e or h u n t an d fish .

m
The piece of g r ou n d f or p l anti n g is r eg ar d e d as the p er son al pr operty
o f t h e h ead of t h e f a il y which c l e are d it an d he c an sell it or ,

oth er w i s e d i sp os e o f it at h i s pl eas u r e N o one el se w ou l d thi n k o f

m
.

m
l a n ti n g on it ev en th ou g h the ow n er h as ab an d on e d i t u n le s s he
p ,

d ec l are d th at h e h ad n o o re u s e f o r it the n it c ou l d b e occ upie d b

m
, y
an yon e el s e

m
.

A n i n st an ce o f the re spec t w hich the N eg r i t o s h ave f o r the pr oper ty

m m
m
ri g ht s of other s w as g iv en e by a n ative of the t own of B oto l an .

m
H i s g r an d f ather h ad acq u ire d a p i ece of l an d n e ar M ou n t Pi n at u b o
f ro a Ne g rit o w h o h ad c o i tte d so e cri e i n hi s r an cheri a an d

m
fl e d t o th e p u eb l o t o e s c ape d eath I n ret u r n f or pr otecti on the N eg r i t o
.

h ad g ive n h i th e l an d Thi s f ac t bec a e k nown to t h e other N eg r it o s

m
.
,

m
bu t al th ou g h th e n ew o wn er ad n o u se o f the l an d w h atever
e an d ,

n ever eve n vi s ite d it it h as n ever b ee n

,
ol es te d or c u l ti v ate d b
y o ther s .

N ow t wo g en er ati on s l ate r they h ave s e n t d ow n t o the g r an d son o f the

m
-

m
fi r s t Fi l ipi n o own er aski ng p er i s s i on t o bu y the l an d

m
L an d ay b e .

so l d t o o ther s bu t of c o u r s e there e xi st s n o rec o r d o f su ch tr an sacti on s

,

other th an t h at of e o ry .

m
M A N U F A CT U R E A N D TR ADE

mm
The Ne g rit o k n ow s l ittl e o f the ar t of aki ng thin gs A si d e f r o

mm
.

the b ow s an d arr ow s w hich he c on s tr u c ts w ith so e d eg ree of s ki l l he

h as n o i n g e n u ity an d h i s f ew other pr od u ct s ar e o f the o s t cr u d e an d

m
,

p ri i tive t yp e T h e .b ow s o f the N e g rit os o f Z a b al es a r e s u p eri o r

m
t o any t h e writer h as seen i n the Philippi n e s They are ad e f r o .

the w ood of the w el l kn ow n pa l a br ave an d ar e g racef ul l y c u t an d

-

hi g h l y p oli she d The st ring s ar e of t w i ste d bark as sof t an d p l i abl e

.
,

an d as s tr on as th on g s of d eer s ki n A l th o ug h ad e f r o t he e
g .
s a

w ood the b ow s o f the N eg r i tos o f N e g r os ar e n ot n e arl y so g r ac e f ul

-

, ,

an d the s tri n s c on s i st s i p l y o f on e
p iec e o f b ej u c w ith a a l l l p
g o s o o

at ei t her en d w hich s lip s o v er the en d o f the b ow an d on ce on c an , , ,

n eith er b e l oose n e d n or t ake n u p The N eg ritos of P anay g e n er al l y u s e

.

a ba b oo b o w u ch sh o rt er an d c l u sier th an th os e o f a l b
, p a r a v e .

A l so w hile the N egr itos of the sou ther n i sl an d s g e n eral l y u se arr ows
,

w ith h ar d woo d p o i n t s an d w ith ou t f eathere d s h af t s th o s e u s e d i n ,

Z a b ale s ar e tri u ph s of the arr ow aker s ar t I n eith er c ase t he i

.

s h aft s ar e o f the l i ht h ar d an d s tr ai ht o u n t i n c b t i te d f
g , g , a a n e u n s a o ,

the cl u sy wood e n p oi n t s the Z a b al e s N eg r it os ake a v ari ety of

ir on p oi nt s f or d i ff erent p u r pose s s o e as f or l arg e g a e w ith d tach
, , , e

a ble i See l X L II The s h aft s ar e w e l l f eath er l with the

p o nt s .
( P ) . .

feathers of h aw k s an d other l arg e b ir ds Thr ee f e athers ar e pl ace d .

ab o u t the arr ow an d s ec u re l w r a e d a t e ach d w ith thi tri f

y pp e n a n s
p o

b ej u c o or so e s tr on g g r ass .
m
m
m
mm
m
m
m
mm
m
m
mm
mm
44 N E G R I T OS OF ZA M B A L E S
The war arr ow s i n ad d iti on t o h avi ng o re el ab or atel y b ar b e d

m m
,

po i nts ar e f u r ther e b el l i she d b y i n ci sed d ec or ati on s the en tire l e ng th

,

o f the sh aft Th ese i nc i si on s c on si s t si pl y of a s er ies of li n e s i nt o

.

w hich d irt h as b ee n r u bb e d s o t h at they off er a s triki n g c on tr as t t o t h e

w hite su rf ace of th e arr ow

m
.

The w o en w eave so e c oar se b aske t s ou t of b a boo bu t th ey are

m m
,

m
n ei t her w el l sh ape d n or pretty S o eti e s t o adorn the on e stran d

m
.

o r s trip o f b a b oo i s s t ai n e d b l ack an d t h e o ther l e f t i t s n at u r al c o l or

m
.

O ther ob ject s of anu f act ure are their o rna en t s alre ady d e scrib e d in ,

m
C h apter I I I an d u s ic al i n stru en t s ( See Ch ap VI )
,
. . .

The N eg r ito kn ow s th at the pe ople of the l ow l and s f or so e re ason

h ave ore f ood th an he He c an n ot g o down an d live there an d .

w o rk as th ey d o b ec au se b ei ng ti i d b y n at u re he c an n ot f eel s ec u re
.

, , ,

m
a i d an al ien people an d b esi de s he l ike s h i s ou n tai n too w ell t o
, , ,

live c on te n te d ly i n the h ot pl ai n s He akes n ot hing th at the l ow .

m
l an ds w an t b u t he k n ows they u se i n the c on str u cti on of th eir h ou s e s
, , ,

b ej u c o o f w hich h i s w ood s ar e f u l l an d he h as l ear n ed th at th ey v al u e

, ,

b ee swax w hic h he k n ow s w h ere t o fin d an d h o w t o c oll ect

,
M or eover .
,
.
there are cert ain oun t ai n r oots su ch as w i l d g i ng er th at h ave a arket

m m
, ,

m
v al u e H i s t ob acc o al so fin ds a re ady s al e to t h e Fi lipi nos
. .

The b ol o i s the onl y t ool n ec essary t o c u t an d strip the b ej u c o ,

which h e tie s i n t o b u n che s of on e h u n d r ed an d t ake s i n t o h i s h u t f o r

s af ty u n ti l s u ch a ti e as a tr ad e c an b e ad e Th ese b u n ches n ever

m
e .

m
b ri ng h i o re th an a pe set a e ach He c ol l ect s th e b ee sw ax fro a .

n e s t of w i l d b ee s w hich he h as s oke d ou t elt s it and p ou r s it i nt o

m
, ,

mm
a s ec ti on of b a b oo .

I t i s not al ways n ecessary th at he t ak e h i s pr od u ct s down t o the

t own f o r the Fi l ipi n os ar e e ag er en ou gh t o tr ad e w ith h i
,
t o g o ou t
t o h i s r an cheri a c arr yi n g the littl e c l oth rice ir on or s teel th at he , , ,

i s w i lli ng t o t ake f o r h i s h ar d g ai n e d pr od u ce Perh aps the t ow n speo p l e

-

g o o u t b ec au s e the y c an d ri ve b etter b ar g ai n s H o w ever th a t a y b e .

,

the Neg rito al ways g et s t h e w o r st of the d eal whether in t ow n or at ,

h i s own h o e .

H UN T I N G A N D F I S H I N G

The N eg rit o i s b y i n sti n ct h ab it s an d of n ece ss ity a hu n t er A lth ou g h

, , .

he h as adv an ce d s o e w h at b eyond th at st ag e of pri i tiv e life where

-

an s u b si s t s w h ol l y fr o the fru its o f the ch ase yet it i s so n ece ssary ,

to h i th at w ere he d eprive d of it the exi sten ce of h i s r ace w ou l d b e

s eri ou s l y thre at en e d S i n c e the ch as e h as f u rn i sh ed h i
. a livi n g f or

c en t u rie s it i s n ot strang e th at u ch o f th e i ng enu ity h e p oss e sse s

,

sh ou l d b e d ev o te d t o the c on s tr u cti o n of ar s an d tr ap s an d sn are s

w it h w hich h e ay ki l l o r c apt u re the cre at u re s of the w o o d s an d

H i s en v i r on en t d oe s n ot su ppl y a g re at v ariety of g a e ,

b u t there ar e al w ay s d eer an d w il d b ear s in ab u n d an ce Then th ere .

 m
m
m
mm
mm
mmm
46 N E GR I T OS or ZA MB A L ES

m
s i i l ar to the t er s i n u se in the Phi l ip pi n e s p ut s an end to the

m
,

d ou b t c o n cer n i n g the o ri g i n of the w o r d .

The b el ati c c onsi st s of a l ong arrow or spe ar w hich i s d riven w ith , ,

m
al l the f o rce o f a d r awn b ou g h or other p iece o f s pri n g y w oo d acr oss ,

th e p ath of the an i al w hich s trike s the c or d r el eas i ng the s pri ng ,

.

m
( See fi g .

m
Whe n the stri ng C i s s tr u ck it p u ll s the ov ab l e ri n g G releasi n g K r, ,

m
w hich i e d i ate l y flie s u p rele as i ng the s tri ng I an d hen ce the sp ring
,

F The spe ar w h ich i s u s u al l y tie d t o the en d of th e spring th ou gh

.
, ,

it ay s i p l y re st ag ai n st it i e di at el y boun ds f orwar d i p al i ng
, ,

the an i al The s prin g i s either d riven i n to the g r ou n d or i s fi r l y

.

hel d b et w ee n the two u pri ght s L Thi s tr ap i s al os t i nv ari ably .

s u cce s s f u l

m
.

Wi l d chicken s an d b ir d s are c au g ht w ith si p le spri n g tr ap s The .

m
h u ng ry b ir d t u g g in g at an i nn o ce n t appe ari ng p ie ce o f f o o d rele ase s a

m
“

s pri n w h ich c h o ke s h i t o d eath T h n e n re f or c atc hi n g w i l d

g e o os s a

m
.

chicke n s i nve nte d b y th e Ch r i sti an ize d n ative s i s al so u sed t o so e extent

.

b y th e eg r i t o s T h i s tr ap c on s i st s o f a l ot of s al l n oos e s of r attan o r

m
.

m
m
b ej u c o s o arr an g e d on a l ong pie ce of c an e th at as s i s te d b y peg s d r i v
int o th e g r oun d they ret ai n an u p ri ght p os iti on Thi s i s ar r ang e d in .

m
c on vex f o r ag ai n st a w all or thicket of u n d erb ru sh so th at a b ir d c an
not e n ter the s p ace th u s in c l os e d excep t b y w ay o f the tr ap I n thi s .

in cl ose d are a i s pl ace d a t a e c ock w h os e cr ow i ng attr act s the w il d

o ne The l atter sp oili ng f or a fight ak es f o r the noi sy ch al l eng er

m
, ,
.

an d r u n s h i s hea d thr ou g h a n oose wh ich d r aw s the ti ghter the o re he

s tr u gg le s .

T h e N eg r i t o as h as b een sa i d i s re ark ab l y i n g en i o u s in the c on

, ,

s tr u cti on o f arr o w s Th os e w it h wh ich he hunt s the d eer are pr o vi de d

. .

w ith c r ue ll y b ar b e d ( le tac h ab l i r o n po i n t F
( gei s 8 9 P l X L II )
'

.
, .
, , . .

Whe n the an i al i s stru ck th e p oi nt le ave s the sh aft u nw in d i n g a ,

l on g w o ve n c oil w ith w hich the t w o ar e f asten ed t og ether The b arb s .

p rev en t the p o i n t fr o t e ari n g o u t o f the fle s h a n d the d an g li n g s h aft

c atche s on the un d erb r u sh an d s erv e s t o r et ar d the an i al s fli ght ’
.

I n spite o f thi s h ow ever th e stricke n d eer s o e ti e s g et s aw ay pr ob

, , ,

ab l y to d ie a l i n eri n g d eath w ith the t erri b le ir on i n t d epl i b e dd e d

g p o e y
i n i ts fle sh A si il ar arr ow i s enti on e d by D e Q u atref ag e s as h av i ng
.

b ee n f o u n d b v M an a o n g th e Mi n c op ie s o f the A n d a an s .
1L

The arr ow s wh i c h ar e u se d to kil l s aller an i al s an d b ir d s h ave

v ar i ou sl y sh ape d i r on h e ads w ith out b arb s (Fig s 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 . .
, , , ,

P l XL I I )
. H ow ever in sh o t in g s al l b ir ds a b a b oo arr ow i s u se d
.
,
o .
.

On e en d i s spl i t a li tt l e w ay 5 or 6 i n che s i n to three f ou r or fi v e

, , , ,

secti on s . T h es e ar e sh arp ene d an d notch e d an d ar e h el d apart b y

s all W e d g e s s ec u rel y fixe d b y w r ap pi n g s of c o r d I f th e b ir d i s n ot .

1
Pn i es , p . 1 1 1 .
m
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n ne n i r o s o r ZA M B A L E S 47

mm
i p al e d on on e of the sh ar p
i t it ay be h e l d in the f ork ( Fi g s
p o n s

m
. .

mm
2 3 4 P l X L II ) T h e fi sh arr ow s h ave l on g s l e n d er n o tche d i on

m
, , , . . r
, ,

p o i n t s r o u hl
g y re s e b l i n g a s q u a re o r c y l i n d ric a l fi l e The p o i n t s a re .

f ro 4 t o 8 i n che s i n le n g th S o e ti e s the y ar e provi d e d w ith s al l

.

b ar b s . Fi
( g s 5 6 7 P. l X L ,
I I, ) ,
. .

The N eg r ito s of Z a b al es a e n ot so exp ert in th e u se of b ow s an d r

a rr ow s as their d ai l y u s e o f t h e e w ea on s w o u l d se e t si n d ic a te
p o .

m
T h e y s el d o i s s th e l ar g er an i al s at c l ose r ang e b u t a e n ot s o ,
r

l uck y i n s h o oti n g at s al l ob j ect s I h ave n ot i c ed th at the y sh o ot ore .

m
m
acc u r atel y u pw ar d i n t o the tre es th an h o riz on tal l F i n t an ce a b o y
y o r s .
,

o f 1 0 w ou l d re e at e dl h t n e u t f tree b t w he n I te d a
p y s oo a g o s o o a u
p o s ,

ark at 3 0 yar d s an d off ere d a rize f or the b e s t sh ot n o on e c o u l d

p
hit it .

The N eg r it os u su al l y h u nt in b an d s an d b ec au se they h ave lit tle , ,

el se to do an d c an g o ou t an d ki l l a deer al o st any ti e they d o n ot ,

m
re sort u c h to the u se of t r ap s A l on g l i n e of th ir ty en w in di n g do w n

m
.

the p ath fr o their vil l ag e al l ar ed w ith b ow s tw ic e th eir hei ght

m
,

m
an d a h an d f u l o f arr ow s their n ake d b od i es gl ea i ng i n the ear l y

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,

o r n i n g su n re s e n t s a tr u ly n o ve l s i h t The h ve ith the

m
p , g y a w fi v e .

o r s i x h al f st ar ve d d o s -

g W he n t h e h a
.u n t s o f the d eer a e re ache d a r ,

m
b i g gu ll y c u tti n g thr ou g h the l evel t ab l e l an d thick w ith c an e an d —

m
,

u n d erb r u sh thr ou g h w hich a ti n y str ea fin d s i t s h al f a d o zen

m
b oy s p l u n g e i n t o the d e pth s w ith the d o g s an d the re s t w al k al on g
either si d e or lie i n w ait at r u n s The Ne g rit os i n th e th i ck et yel l .

c on ti nu al l y an d b e at the b r u sh b u t the d og s ar e sil ent u n til g a e i s

m
m
,

s c en t e d T h e n th c r i es of th e ru nn er s ar e re doub le d an d the d in w arn s

. e

th ose l yi ng in w ait t o b e al ert Pre sent l y fr o on e of the anv r u n s

m
m
.

le ad i ng ou t of the r avi n e a d eer appe ar s an d if th ere h app en s t o b e ,

a Ne g r it o on the s o t et a n rr w B u t u n l es s vit al l y w o u n d e d
p g s a o
,
.
, ,

o n he es f ol l o w e d b y the d o g s w h i ch n ev er ive u t h ch e f a
g o g p e ,
a s o

w ou n d e d d eer Wh en a d eer i s k i l le d it i s h u n g u p in a tr ee an d the

.

h u n t p r oc eed s .

S o eti e s the thick c an eb r ake s al ong th e river b eds ar e b e aten u p -

in t hi s w ay or the l igh tl v ti b ere d

,
ou n t ai n r avi n e s ; f or the Ne rit o
g
kn ow s th at the d eer lie i n a c ool sh el tere d pla ce in th e d ayti e an d ,

c o e f or th t o b r ow s e onl y at n i ght On cl ear oon li gh t n ights th e y .

,

s o eti e s att p t t st l k th e d eer w h il e g razi ng i n th e ope n fiel d b u t

e o a ,

ar e n ot u s u all y su cce s s f u l Q u ite o ft e n i n the c h a s e a l on

g r o e n et
.
p .

re s e b li ng a fish n et b u t u ch c oar ser an d str on ger is pl ac ed in ,

ad v an ce of t h e b e ati n a t i n e g oo d p o i t i n w h r t h d r i s
g p r v s o s o e e e e e .

likel y t o r un i t st arte d u p T h e se a e ab sol u t el v su re to h ol d th e d eer

. r

sh ou l d the u n f o rt u n ate an i al r un i n t o th e a thi n g w h ic h d oes n ot w —

h appen o ften .

T h e N e g rit o s ar e tirele s s i n th e ch ase T h ev w i ll h u n t al l d ay w i t h . .

ou t eati n
g u n l e s
,
s t h e y h app e n t o r u n a cr o s s s o e w il d fr u it W o e n .
m
m
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48 ZA M B A L E S

m
N ne n i r o s or

m
freq u en tl y t ake p art e sp eci al ly if d og s ar e s c ar c e and they run thr oug h
, ,

m
m
m
the b ru sh ye l pi ng t o i i tate the dog s B ut they n ever c arry or u se .

th e b ows an d arr ow s Thi s see s to b e the especi al privi l e g e o f the

.

m
B oys fr o an e arl y ag e ar e acc u st o e d t o their u se an d al w ays

m
en .

t ake p art i n the h u n t so e ti e s p erf o r i ng active s ervice w ith their ,

li t tl e b ow s b u t g ir l s n ever tou ch the N ot i n freq u en tl y the r u n n er s

m
,
.

i n the b r u sh e e r g e c arr y i ng w il d pi g s w hich th ey h ave s c are d u p an d

m
ki l l e d an d i f b v c h an ce a b ig snake i s en c ou ntere d th at e n d s the
, , , ,

h u n t f o r the c apt u re of a p yth on is an even t

,
T h e s n ake i s ki l l e d an d .

c arrie d in tri u p h t o the vi l l ag e where it f u rn i sh es a fe as t to al l th e

m
,

i n h ab it an t s .

Thi s sketch of h u n ti n g wou l d n ot b e c o p let e w ith ou t ent i on of a

m
ne ce ss ary fe atu re of every s u cce ssf u l h 1 1 nt the d ivi s i on of the spoi l s —
.

Whe n th e h unt i s en de d t h e g a e i s c arrie d b ack t o the vi l l ag e b e f ore

m m
the d ivi s i on i s ad e pr ovi de d the h u n te r s ar e all fr o the sa e pl ace
,
.

I f tw o or o re vi l l ag e s h ave h u n te d t o ether the a e i s d ivi d e d i n

g g

m
-

m
the fi el d A b ed of gr ee n ru she s or c an e i s ad e on w hich the an i al
.

i s pl ac e d an d ski nn e d Thi s d on e th e hea d an of the party or the

m
, ,
.

m
o st i rta n t an re en t t ak a all p art of the e n tr ail s or
p o p s es s ,
.

m
hea rt c u t s it in t o fin e b its an d s c atter s the piece s in al l d irecti on s at
, ,

the sa e ti e ch anti n g i n a on oton e a f ew w o r d s w hi c h e an

“
S pirit s w e th an k you f or thi s su cc es sf u l h un t Here i s you r s h are

m
.
,

o f the s p o il s Thi s i s d on e t o fee d an d ap pe ase the s pirit s w hich the

”

m
m
.

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N eg r ito s b e l ieve i nh ab it al l pl ace s an d the cere on y i s n ev er n e g l ecte d

m
.
,

m
The n the c uttin g u p an d d ivi s i on of the b ody of the an i al take s
p l a ce The
. he a d a n d b re a st g o t o the an w h o fi r s t w o u n d e d t h e

d eer an d if the sh o t w as f at al he al so receive s the b ack b on e thi s

, , ,
—
“

al w ay s oe s t o the an w h o fi re d the f at al s h o t O n e hi n d q u arter

g .

g o e s t o the o w n er o f the d og w hich s c ar e d u

p the d eer an d the re s t i s ,

d iv i d e d as eve n l y as p o s sib l e a ong the other h u n ter s E very p art i s .

utiliz ed The N eg rit os w aste n othi ng th at c ou l d possi b l y serve as f ood

. .

The t w o h unt s I acc o p anie d w ere c ondu ct e d in the ann er I h ave

rel ate d an d I w as assu re d th at thi s w as the in v ar i able pr oce du re
,
.

The ount ai n strea s of the N eg rit o s h ab it at d o n ot f u rn i sh an y ’

fi sh b u t the Ne g rit o l ab or s as s i d u ou sl y t o c atch w h at he c an

,
I n the .

l arg er st r ea s he pri n ci pal l y e p l oys after th e ann er o f the Chri sti an ,

iz od n ative s the b a b oo w eir thr oug h which the w ater c an p ass b u t the
,

fish c an n ot I n the s all stre a s h e b u i l d s d a s o f st on es w hic h he

.

c ov er s w ith b an an a le ave s The n w ith b o w an d arr ow he sh oot s the .

fi sh i n the cle ar p ool th u s f o r e d N ot i n freq u e n tl y th e e n tire c ou r s e .

o f a creek w i l l b e ch ang e d A da i s fir st ade b el ow in or d er t o .

st o p the p ass ag e o f the fi sh an d after a ti e th e str ea i s d a e d,

at s o e p o i n t ab o ve i n su ch a w a a s t o ch an g e the c u rren t The n as

y .
,

t h e w ater sl w l r un s out of th e p art th u s c u t off any fish re ai n i ng

o y
,

ar e ea s i l y c au g h t .
m
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m
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50 ZA M B A L E S

m
N ne nr r o s or
'

M USI C

mm
I n t h eir l ove f or u s ic an d their ski l l in d an ci ng N eg rit o s b etr ay

m m
o ther s triki n g N eg r oi d ch ar acteri s tic s Th eir u s ic i s sti l l o f the ost

m
.

m
p ri i tive t yp e a n d their i,
n s tr u e n t s a r e cr u d e B u t if their n ote s .

m
ar e f ew n o f au l t c an b e f o u n d w ith the rh y th the chief requ i s ite f or ,

an acc o a n i e n t t o a d an c e Their i n s tr u e n t s a r e v ari o u s The

p . .

m
si e je h r h piece f d the f o u r h ol e d fl u te s
’
p l w s a
p o u— t o e o b a b o o a n -

m
( c al l e d b a
“
n s ic
”
)
’ -

a d e o f o u n t a i n c a n e fi
( g s 6 7 P l X L VI ) .
, ,
.

v er c ri e the i t ce i tr t

m
y o o n b u t d o n o t s t o d g n i y o f d a n n s u en s .

R ar e l y a b r on ze g o n g fig 1 P l X L VI ) pr ob ab l y o f C hi n e s e
.
,
.
,
ak e h as ,

ad e i t s w av i n t o N eg rit o h an d s an d i s hi g hl y p rize d b u t th es e ar e ,

m
n ot n u e r ou s i n f act n on e w as see n in the n orthern reg i on b u t in
—
, ,

s ou ther n Z a b al e s an d B at aan the y ar e occ as i on al l y u sed in d an ces .

mmm
T h e ost c o o n i n s tr u e n t i s the b a b oo vi ol i n ( F ig 2 P l X L VI )

mmm
‘

.
,
. . .

m
I t i s easy t o ake f or the ateri al s ar e re ady at h an d A secti on of
,
.

b a b oo w ith a j o i n t at e ach en d an d a c ou p le o f h ol e s c u t in on e si d e
f u rn i she s the bo dy A r u d e n eck w ith peg s i s f a ten e d to on e en d an d
. s

m
thr ee ab ac a stri ng s of d i ff er en t s ize s ar e attach ed Then w ith a s al l

m
-

. .

bow o f ab ac a fib er the i ns tr u e n t i s re ady f or u se N o att e pt w as

m
.

ad e t o w rite d o w n the u s ic w hich w as ev ol ve d f r o th i s i n str u ent .

m
I t c on s i ste d e rel y in the c on stant repetiti on of f ou r n ote s the onl y ,

v ari ati on b ei ng an occ as i on al ch ang e o f key b u t it w as p erf or ed in ,

m
exce l l e n t ti e .

R u d e g u it ar s ar e o cc as i onal l y f ou n d a on g the Neg rit os The y ar e

m
-

m m
ad e o f t w o p iec es o f w oo d on e i s h ol l ow e d o u t an d h as a n eck c arve d

an d a fl

m
at on e en d ,
a t p iece i s g l u ed t o thi s w ith g u The se i n st r u .

m
en t s h ave six stri ngs I f a s tri ng b re ak s or b ec o es u sel ess it i s onl y
.

a q u es ti o n o f c u tti n g d own a b an an a s t al k an d s tri pp i n g it f or a n ew

on e . Thes e g u it ar s an d vi ol i n s ar e b y n o e an s c o on th ou g h n e ar l y ,

every vi l l ag e posse ss es on e The ab ility t o p l ay i s reg ar ded as an .

acc o p li s h e n t A s tri n g e d . i n st r u e n t s till o re p ri i tive i s a d e

f ro a s in g le s ecti on o f b a b oo fr o w hich t w o o r three fin e s tri p s
,

o f o u ter b ark ar e split aw ay i n the ce n ter b u t ar e s til l att ache d at the

e nd s Th e e stri p s ar e o f d iff ere nt l en gth s an d ar e hel d apart fr o

. s

t he b o dy an d ad e ti g ht w ith l itt l e w e d g e s Fi
( g s 4 5 Pl X
. L VI ) .
, ,
. .

A n other i n str u en t i s ad e b y stretch ing fib er stri ng s over b a b oo

t u b es d i ff eren t ten s i on s p r od u cing d i ff ere nt t on e s ( Fi g s 8 9 Pl
,
. .
, ,
.

X L VI ) The se s i pl er i n stru ent s ar e the produ ct of the Ne g rit o s

.
’

ow n b r ai n b u t th ey h ave p r ob ab l y b or r ow e d the i d ea o f s tri n g e d vi oli n s

,

an d g u it ar s f r o th e Chri sti an ize d n ative s .

T h e Ne g rit o s o f the en tire territ o r y h ave b u t t w o s on g s at le ast so ,

the y affir ed an d t w o w ere al l I he ar d Str ang e as it ay s ee at

,
.
,

l e as t on e o f t h e s e i s f o un d at b oth the extre e e n d s o f the re g i on An .

exte nd e d acq u ai n tan ce w ith the i ght an d prob ab l y w ou l d rev eal , ,

m
m
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m
mm
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51

m
N E G R I T OS or ZA M B A L E S

m
m
m
o re song s b u t they ar e rel u ct an t to si ng b ef ore white en On e of
, .

the s e song s c alle d du nu r a i s a ki nd o f love s ong O w i ng t o the

”

m
- -

, , .

extre e e b arr as s e n t of th e per f or e r I w as abl e to he ar it onl y by

m
‘

g o i n g i n t o y te n t w here I c o u l d n o t s e e the s i n g er I t c o n s i s te d o f a .

g re a t a n y ver s e s w a s i n t e r —
i n a b le i n f act , .

m
The s ec on d o f the two song s was c al led tal Thi s i s su ng on
fe stive occ as i on s e speci al ly w he n vi sit or s c o e The w o r ds ar e i pr o
, .

vi se d to su it the o cc as i on b ut the tu n e an d the ann er o f ren d ering ,

n ever v ar y

m
.

m
Five or si x en each h ol d i ng w ith on e h an d the fl ow in g end o f the

m
,

mm
b reechcl oth o f the on e i n f r ont or w ith the h an d o n h i s sh ou l d er an d

m
the other h an d sh ad ing the outh wal k sl ow l y ab ou t a circ l e i n a ,

crou chi ng postu r e their eye s al w ays c ast on the g r ou n d Pre sen tl y
, .

the l e ad er strik es a n ote which he h ol d s as l ong as p os sib l e and w hich ,

the others t ake u p as soon as he h as sou n de d it Thi s i s kept u p a .

f ew i nu te s d iff ere nt t on e s b ei ng s o sou n d ed an d d rawn ou t as l ong

m
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as the p er f o r e r s h ave b re ath The ove ent b ec o es o re r api d

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.

u n til it i s n early a r u n w he n the p erf or e r s st op ab ru ptl y b ack a f ew

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, ,

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s t ep s an d p r o cee d as b e f o re A f ter they h ave ab ou t exh au ste d the
-

.
,

m
f
g a u t o f l on
g d r a w n O
-
s
”
the y s i n g
‘
the w o r d
’
s u s u al l y a p l e a f o r so e ,

f av o r or g i f t b ei ng fi r st sun g b y the l e ad er an d re p eate d after h i by

,

m
the ch o r us I d i d n ot g et the n ative wor d s of the s ong I he ar d b u t it

m
.
,

w as t r an s l ate d t o e as f ol l ow s :
,

W e i gi g t
ar e s n th An io t eh w hi wh t w er c a n d ; p h p if w o s o a e c an o er a s e

i g w l l h w il l g i
s n e e i
ve us so l th e r c e or so e c o

mm
.

m
The w or d s ar e repeate d over and over w it h on l y the v ari ati on of ,

r ai s i ng or l ow eri n g the t on e A t i n terv al s al l t h e per f or e r s st o p an d .

y el l at the t o p o f the i r v o ice s S o e ti e s a per s on on the ou t s i d e of .

the cir c le w il l t ake u p the s tr ai n on a l ong hel d n ote o f the si n g er s -

.

Thi s s ong al so s erve s f or f es tive o cc asi on s su ch as w e d d i ng s ( S ee ,

.

Pl X L VII )
. .

D A N CI N G

D an ci ng f or the chie f a u se ent of the Ne g rit os an d all ow s an

s

ou t let f or their n at u r all y ex u b er an t sp irit s I h ad n o ore th an set .

up c a p n e ar the fi r s t r an cheri a I vi s ite d th an I w as en tert ai n e d b y

d an ci ng A ong the N eg r i tos he l p i ng e w as one w ith an ol d v i oli n

.
-

an d as soon as a pl ace w as cle are d of b r u s h an d the te n t w as u p h e

s tr u ck u
p a t u n e W here u p on tw o or three you n gs ter s j u
. p e d ut o

an d perf o r e d a g oo d i i tati on of a b u ck an d w i ng d an ce H o w e er - -

. v ,

d an c i ng i s n ot g en er all y i n d u l g e d in by everyb o dy b u t t wo or three ,

in e v er y r an che r i a ar e e sp eci all y ad ept at it A s i d e f ro th e g en .

eral d an c es c alle d ta li pi wh i ch c on s i st of a s erie s of heel an d toe

,
— ” “ ’
-

,
.
- -

o ve en t s in excel len t ti e to the u s ic of vi ol i n o g u it ar an d r ,

 m
m
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mmm
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52 N E G R I T OS or ZA M B A L E S

m
w hich ar e per f or e d on any occ asi on su ch as th e setting u p of y tent ,

there ar e sev er al i etic d ance s h avi ng a speci al ch ar ac ter or e an i ng .

S u ch are the p otat o d an ce the b ee d an ce the t ortu re d an ce the l over s ’

m
, , ,

d an ce an d the d u el d an ce
, ( S ee P l s X L V I I I X L IX ) . .
,
.

m
TH E P OT A T O D A N CE , on F I NA CA M OT E

m
mm
O n ly one pers on t ake s p art in the p otato d an ce A t fir st the per
-

f o r e r le ap s i nto the op en s p ace an d d an ces arou n d in a circ l e cl app i ng ,

h i s h an ds as if w ar i n g u p the u su al p reli i n ar y to al l th e d an ce s
,
.

Pre sentl y in pan t o i e he fin d s a p ot at o p atch an d g oe s thr ou g h the

mm
,

m
v ari ou s oti on s of d igg ing the p otat oe s p u tting the i n a sack an d , ,

thr ow i ng the sack over h i s sh ou l d er al l the ti e keepi ng c l ose w atch ,

m
t o preve n t hi s b ein g c au ght i n the ac t of ste ali ng He c o e s t o the .

b r u sh fe n ce which su rr ou n d s e v ery d r aw s h is b o l o c u t s h i s
”
c aiI Tg i n

mm
, ,

w ay thr ou g h an d p r ocee d s u n til he c o e s t o a river Thi s i s sig ni fi

mm
, .

c ant as sh ow i ng th at the p ot at o p atch he i s r ob b i ng d oe s n ot b e l on g t o

m
an yon e i n h i s o w n vi ll ag e b u t i s acr os s a river w hich he ust pass on

m
h i s w ay h o e He soun d s f or d ee p w ater w ith a s tick I t i s too d eep an d

m
,
. .

he trie s an other pl ace Here he l os e s h is f ooti n g d ro p s h i s sack and

.
, ,

the sw ift c u rrent c arrie s it b eyon d h i s r each While g oi n g thr ough the .

v ari ous oti on s n e c essary t o d epict the se acti on s the ov e ent o f the

m m
d an ce i s kept u p the b ody b en t f or war d in a cr ou chi n g pos iti on the

m m
, ,

m
feet l eavi ng the g rou n d altern ately in r api d oti on bu t n ever ou t of
ti e w ith the u sic S u ch ag ilit y an d tireles sn e ss one c ou l d sc arcel y
.

m
fin d anywh ere el s e

m
m
. .

m
TH E B EE DA N CE , on P I NA PA N I - -

LAN

Th is d an ce i s al so perfor e d by on e per son an d in a si i l ar an n er

as the p ot at o d an ce A piece o f cl oth tie d t o a p ol e serve s as a n es t
.

o f b ee s The perf or e r d ance s arou n d the c ircle s ever al ti e s ; pre sen tl y

.

he spie s the n es t an d app roache s sl ow l y sh ad i ng h i s eye s f or a b etter

-

vie w H avi ng sati sfie d hi s el f th at he h as re all y ad e a find he li ght s

.
,

a s u d g e g o e s thr ou g h t h e
,
oti on of cli b i ng the tree an d in h ol d ,

i ng the s u dg e u n d er the n est h e i s s tu ng sever al ti es an d h as to

retreat Thi s i s repe ate d u n til al l the b ee s ar e s ok ed out an d the
.

h on ey i s g ath ere d Then c o e s a f east in w hich d ru nk w ith h on ey

.
, ,

he b ec o es hil ari ous .

T H E T OR T U R E DA N CE

Thi s d an ce w hich c o e o r ate s the c aptu re o f an en e y i s perf or e d

, ,

u ch th e s a e an ner as the tal b u n except th at there i s n o s on g

” “
in
c onn ecte d with it The c apti v e is b ou n d to a st ake i n the center an d
.

a d o z en en circle s l o w l y ar ou n d h i in th e s a e ann er as al read

y ,

d e sc ri b e d on e h and o ver the ou th an d u tteri n g l ong d rawn n ot es

,
-

.
54

m
mm
m
m
mmm
pp eari ng ,
N E G R I T OS or ZA M B A L E S
b e ar s al oft th e he ad o f the e n e y sh ou ti n g ex u l ti ng ly an d
,

tri u ph ant l y as if to t au nt the to res pon d Stil l n o on e c o e s

.

The n after w aiti n g an d l i sten i ng f or a ti e he repl aces the he ad w ith

the tru nk an d c o ver s the b ody over w ith l eav es an d d irt Thi s en d s
.

the dan ce O r d i n arily it r eq u ire s fifteen i nu te s f or the f u ll per

f or an c e.
.

D u ri n g thi s ti e th e on e wh o b y pr evi ou s arr ang e en t w as

t o be the vict o r n ever f r a s i n g l e i n sta n t pau s e s or l o s e s st ep
o .
.
 m
m
m
mm
mm
m
m
m
m
m
CHA P T E R V I

m
GE N E RAL SO C I A L L I FE

mm
m
TH E CH I L D

m
m
I le to l e arn anythin g in s u p port o f M ontan o s st ate en t

m
u n ab
’
w as

m
m
th at i e d i atel y after the b irth of a chi l d the other ru she s to a
r i ver w ith it an d pl u ng e s i nt o the c ol d w ater On the c on tr ary t h e
.
1
,

m
chi l d i s n ot w ashe d at al l u n til it i s sever al d ays o l d an d th e other ,

d oes n ot g o t o the strea u n ti l at l e ast t w o d a s h ave e l a sed

y p I t i s .

c u st o ary to bu ry the p l acenta The b irth o f a chi l d i s n ot ad e .

m
the occ as i on of an y speci al f e stivity The n a i ng i s u su al l y d on e on

m
.

m
the d ay o f b irth b u t it ay b e d on e an y ti e w ithi n a f ew days I t

m m
,
.

i s n ot c o on f o r t h e pare nt s o f the chi l d to d o the n a i ng th ou g h ,

m
the y ay do so b u t so e of the ol d people of the trib e g e n er all y g ather
,

an d s e l ec t the n a e . N a e s o f tree s ob ject s an i al s pl ace s n ear

, , ,

m
w hich the chil d w as b or n or o f cert ai n q u al itie s an d act s o r d ee d s al l
,

m
f u rn i s h ateri al f r o w hi c h t o s e l ect F or i n st an ce if a chi l d i s
.
,

b o rn u n d er a g u ij o t ree he c ij ke ”
l l d G
“
a
y b e a e u o ; a o n y ay b e

l
p y ga i n i n the tree an d the chi l d w i l l b e n a e d B a r ac ”
( o n ke “
y) o r

i f the b irth w as d u ri ng a he av y r ai n the chi l d ay b e c al l ed

” “
L ayos

( fl o o d )
. U s u a l l y the o s t striki n g o b ject n e a r at h a n d i s s e l ecte d .

L ike os t p ri i tive p eople s th e N egr it os u se o n l y one n a e I f the

,
.

chi l d i s sick l y or crie s very u ch the na e is ch an g e d b ec au s e the , ,

N eg r itos b e l ieve th at the spirit i nh ab iti ng the pl ace where the chi l d
w as b o rn i s d is p l ea s e d at the ch o ice o f the n a e an d t ake s thi s e an s
o f sh ow i n i t s d i s l e as u r e a n d th at if the n a e i s n ot ch an e d the
g p , g
chil d w ill s oon d i e .

A ppare n t l y n o d i s ti n cti on i s ade b etw ee n the n a e s f o r the t wo

s exe s . The chi l d ay b e g iven th e na e of the f ather to w h o se na e ,

the w o r d pan ,
”
e an ing el d er i s prefix ed f or the sake of d i sti ncti on
,
.

F r i n st an ce i f a
o
,
an n a e d M anya sh ou l d h ave eith er a son o r a
d au g hter the chi l d ight b e c al l e d M anya an d the f ather w ou l d hen ce
,

f o rth b e k n own as P an M anya -

Thi s p r actice i s very c o on and

.
,

w hen n a e s like P an B on an d o c P an T u ric e an d P an P al aqu an ar e

’
- - -

, ,

M1
t Mi i
o n a no , P h i l i pp i p 3 1 6
s s o n au x ne s , . .

55
 m
m
m
m
m
mm
m
mm
m
m
56 N E G R I T OS or ZA MB A L E S

en c oun tere d it ay b e re g ar d e d as a cert ai nt y th at the ow ner s of the se

m
m
na es h ave chil d re n o f the s a e n a e w ith o u t the pre fi x A lth ou g h

m
.

m
ay ch ang e hi s n a e at any ti e o f life if th e ye ar s of i n f an cy

m
one ,

m
ar e s af e l y p as se d n o ch an g e i s like l t b d e

m
, y o e a .

I t i s reg ar de d as a s i gn of d i s re spect t o ad d re ss el d er s or su peri o rs

by na e The w or d p an al on e i s f req ue ntl y u sed R el ative s ar e
” “
. .

m
add re ss e d b y the ter w hich sh ow s the rel ati on s hip as
” “
an ac ( sen ) ,
-

an d n a e s ar e u s e d only w hen sp eaki ng of per son s an d sel d o i f ever

w he n s pe aki n g to the .

mm
P are nt s see to h ave g re at aff ecti on f or their chil d ren b u t ex act

m
,

ob e d ie n ce fr o t he P u n i sh e n t i s i n flicte d f or s al l off e ns e s st rik

m
,
.

ing w ith the h an d b ei n g th e u su al e th o d I h ave never s e en a sw itch

m
.

m
u se d . S o e ti es as i n c ase s of c on tinu al cryi ng the chil d i s s ever el y
, ,

m
pi n che d in the f ace o r n eck Chi l d ren al so exhib it g re at aff ecti on f or
.

m
their pare nts ; thi s c on ti nu e s thr ou g h life as i s sh own in the c are w hich
-

the ag e d receive at t h e h an d s of th e i r j u n i o r s ( See P l s L l et s eq ) . . .

m
M A R R I A GE

Wh atever d iff eren ce s there the ann er of c on d u cti n g the

ay b e in

m
preli inarie s t o a w e d d i ng an d o f perf or i ng the cere ony ther e i s on e -

m
,

f eatu re th at n ever v arie s the g ift o f so e artic l e s of v al u e f ro the

,

m
pr ospecti ve b ri d e g r oo t o the p arent s of the g ir l he w i she s t o arry .

m
With the N eg rit os a d au g ht er i s reg ar ded as an as s et of s o u ch

m m
v alu e n ot t o b e p arte d w ith u nti l th at pri c e i s p ai d an d w hi l e sh e i s
, , ,

all owe d so e fre ed o in the ch oice of a h u sb an d p arent al pre ssu re

m
,

m
u s u al l y f o rce s her t o t h e hi g he s t b i d d er .

The f oll ow i ng i s the c ust o ary pr oce d u re : The you ng an wh o

mmm
w i she s t o arry an d h as f o u n d a g irl t o s u it h i i n f o r s h i s pare nt s
o f the f act He h as pr ob ab ly alre ady t al ke d the atter over w i t h the
.

g irl
,
th o u g h n o t n ec es s ari l y so The aff air i s d i s c u s se d i n the f a i l y
.

o f th e su it or the ai n t op ic b ei ng h ow u ch the g irl i s wor th an d

,

h ow u ch the y c an aff o r d t o pay Then either th e su itor or so e r el a

.

tive acti ng f or h i g oes t o t h e p are n ts of the g i r l t o ask if the su it w ill

b e f av o r ab ly c on si d ere d I f it w i l l they re tu r n an d a f ew days l ater
.
,

o ag ai n b e ari ng p re s en t s of t ob acc o aize b ej u co k n iv es cl oth

g , , , , ,

f ore st pr o du cts or anythi ng else they ay h appe n to h av e I f th ese

,
.

g ift s ar e o f s u ffi cien t v al u e t o c o p e n sate th e f ather f or the l os s o f

h i s g irl he g iv es h i s c on s e n t
,
V al u e i s d eter i n e d by the attr active
.

n e ss o f a g irl an d he n ce the pr ob ab ility of her aki ng a g ood atch ,

al so b y her h ealth an d st re ng th as w o en are good work er s on the

,

l itt l e f ar s I f the fir st g ifts d o n ot c o e u p t o the d e an d s of the

.

g irl
’
s p aren t s the w e d d in g c an n ot t ake pl ace u n ti l the a ou n t l acki n
g
is ad e u p A s t o the
. on e
y v al ue o f the s e g ift s I h ave b ee n t ol d

d iff ere n t thi ng s b y Neg ritos in d i ff eren t vil l ag es the v alu e s g iven ,

r ang ing fr o 2 5 pe s os to 5 00 p esos A s a atter of f act th i s ean s .

 m
m
m
m
m m
m
m
mm
m
mm
58 N E G R I T OS on ZA M B A L E S

m
a rr ang ed a fe ast an d d an cin g u s u al ly f oll ow in which al l the rel ative s

m
, ,

m
o f b oth f a i l ies p articip ate an d after thi s the c ou ple g o to t heir own
,

h ou s e There ay be two feast s on su ccee d i ng day s on e g ive n by the

.
,

re t the rel tive the irl vice ver I f l

m
p a n s o f t h e b oy t o a s o f g a n d s a o n y ,
.

o n e f eas t i s ive n b th f a i l ie c n tri b u te eq u al l i n the tter f

.
g o s o y a o

f oo d N o s i ng le ac t c an b e p o i n te d ou t as c on s tit u ti ng a c ere ony

m
.

I n other p l aces e s peci all y at Gab ayan an d A g l ao n e ar S ant a F é an

m
, , ,

m
exch ang e o f f ood b etw een th e p air i s a n ec essary p art o f the pe rf o r ance .

A at i s p l ace d on the g rou n d and in th e center is set a d i sh of ,

c ooke d ric e or so e other f ood The p air s eat t he s elve s on ei ther .

s i d e of the d i sh f aci ng e ac h o ther w hile al l the r el ative s an d s p ect at o r s

m
, ,

cr owd aroun d The an takes a s al l p iece of the f oo d and p l aces

m
.

it i n the ou th of t h e g irl and sh e d o es the s a e f or the an A t thi s

, .

m
m
h app y c on c l u si on of the aff air al l the pe op l e ar ou nd g ive a great sh out

m
.

m
S o e ti e s the g irl l eap s to her f eet an d r uns away p u r su e d by her

m
h u sb and wh o c all s after h er t o s t op
,
Thi s sh e d oes after a l i ttl e an d
.
,

m
the tw o ret u rn t og e ther ; or they ay t ake a b a b oo tu b e u se d f or c arry

m
i n g w ater an d s et off t o the riv er t o b ri n g water f o r the oth er s t o
d ri n k th u s perf o r i n g in u ni son the fir s t ac t of l ab or of their
,
arri ed

m
life .

m
I w as f o rt unate e nou g h t o w itn ess a cere ony w here the exch ang e of

m
f oo d was the i p o rt ant fe at u re I n thi s i n s t an ce a piece of b r own

m
.

b re ad w hich I was ab ou t t o thr ow aw ay s erve d as t h e we dd i ng c ake It .

s ee s th at the g ir l h ad b ee n c o n t r acte d b y h er p are n t s w hen ver y

t l d e n ou g h t o b e her f ather an d w he n the ti e f r the

m
y o u n g o a an o o ,

w edd i ng arrive d sh e re f u s e d to h ave anythi n g t o d o w ith it F o r tw o .

e r h e h ad res i s te d e n tre atie s an d thre at s d i spl ay i n g o re f o rce of

m
y a s s

m
,

m
w i ll th an on e w o u l d ex p ect f r o a Neg rit o
g ir l o f 1 5 The a n h a d .

p a i d a l ar g e price f o r h er — 2 00 p e s os he s ai d— a n d the g irl

, s p a r en t s
’

di d n ot h ave it t o ret u r n t o h i
. I t was su gg e st ed th at if we ad e her
.

so e pre se n ts it i g ht i n d u ce her t o y iel d S h e w as pres ente d w ith .

e n o ug h c l oth f or two or three c a i sas an d sayas a i rr or and a s tring , ,

o f b e ad s an d s h e fin al l y g av e an u nw illi n g as s e n t t o the e n tre atie s of

,

her r el ative s an d the cere ony w as perf or e d in the anner al r ead y

,

d e s cri b e d A t t h e c on clu si on a yell we n t u p fr o the asse b l y an d

.
.

I at the req ue s t of the c apit an fi re d three pi stel sh ot s i nto the ai r

, ,
-

E veryb o d y s ee e d s ati s fi e d except the p oo r g ir l w h o s ti l l w ept f u rtively ,

o ver her n ew tre as ure s S o e days l at er h owever when I saw her sh e

.
, ,

a ppe are d t o b e rec on ci l e d t o her f ate an d w as h ap y i n the p o s s e s s i on

p ,
.

of or e v al u ab le s th an an y other w o an i n the r an cheri a

‘

H EAD CE R E M ON Y

the souther n r an ch er ias a b a b oo p l atf or i s erecte d 2 0 or 3 0

I n

feet hi g h with a l ad d er le ad i ng u p to it f ro the g r oun d On the

,
~
.

d ay fix e d f or the arri ag e the g r o o acc o p an ie d by hi s p arents g oe s , ,

m
m
m
mm
m
m
mm
m
m
m
m
mm
mm
m
N E G R I T OS or ZA M B A L E S 59

mm
to the h u e of the b r i d e an d as k s f o r her The y a re u s u a l l y t o l d th at

m
o s .

sh e h as g on e aw ay b u t s o e s all g if ts ar e s ufficien t to h ave her pro

m
,

d u c ed an d the w h ol e p arty pr o cee d s t o th e p l ace o f arri ag e Here

m
.

m
,

b ri d e an d g r oo ou n t the l ad d er — so e acc ou nt s say the b ri d e i s

m
c arrie d u p by her pr ospective f ather in l aw - -

an of the tri b e an d i f the p l atf or be l ar g e e n ou g h al s o

m
A n ol d , , ,

the p are n t s of the p air g o up an d squ at d own i n the rear The b ri d e ,

“

an d b ri d e g r o o al so s q u at d o w n f aci n g each other an d the o l d an

-

c o e s f o r w ar d an d k nock s their he ad s to gether I w as tol d at S u b ig .

th at on l y the b ri d e an d g r oo ou n t the pl at f o r an d s e at the

s e l ve s f o r a t al k the re l ative s re ai n i ng b e l ow f aci n g e ach o ther

,

w ith d r aw n w eap on s I f b y any ch an ce th e p air c an not ag ree i t

m
mm
.
,

e an s a fight B u t if they do ag ree the y d es ce nd f r o the pl atf or

.
,

an d the he ad b u p i ng c o p lete s the c er e ony Thi s i s an extre e l y -

u n l ike l y s t or y p r o bab l y the pr o d u c t o f M al ayan i

,
ag i n at i on .

m
m
”
L EPU T, on H OM E COM I N G

m
A fter the cere ony h as b een p erf or e d the n ew ly w e dd e d p air retu rn

m
t o the h o e o f the g irl s p are n t s w here they re ai n a f ew d ays When

m
’

m
.

the hu sb an d p os s e sse s en ou g h g i f ts f or h i s b ri d e t o f u l fil l the requ ire

m m
e n ts of the l epu t th at i port an t even t t ake s pl ace

m
.

m
A l th ou gh the w riter he ar d re pe ate d acc ou n ts of thi s cere ony i n

mmm
sou th er n Z a b al e s he n ever h ad an op po rt u n ity t o w it n e s s it H owever .
,

the l epu t i s d es crib ed as f ol l ow s by Mr C J C ooke w h o saw it in . . .

,

B ataan : 1

Th b id e h d lr dy l ft t h
e a h a r ea f h th nd f
e d th e nt o e o er o er a or e e ce er

m
t t t tt

m
o f g a p p r oui g h g h as s n
g f h yr ou i b w i h a
y l i l d
r ov e o b h eav er v er e un er rus .

Th i ng
e ev e n n t t ng h d w n t h w i d p
su c as s ra i n e s it a d n k o s o e e r r o ce s s o as ov e s a e

l ik l ng t h
e a o w p th e n ar r o a .

O i n l l y th
c c as o w ld b
a h t t p er e wh n th b id w
ou ld q
e s tt or i s o s, e e r e ou s ua o r ec e v e

so b ib e rtk f es hor h b
o d hi
ens l ti
ro f i d N w ld h
er us an , s re a v es , or r en s . or ou s e

ov e u n t il h i d s th i ng h t i
e r ec e v e h sol t d to t p e ea c e s e e ec e s o .

Cl d i a b ig h t n d b a h l th
r d -

ret h ig h i l k h t w
r eec th
c o p i t an w h an ex ra -
s a as e ca o

h a e d d th e p i n e H i d
r o c es s o i l . h d d e N t i
c ar r e d a s ve r -

ea e c an e . ex n or er ca e

so f th
e ld
o f b th e e Th
er s o oth b id tt d d b y f
s ex es . w en ca e e r e a en e ou r o en

a nd l l y f l l w d by h
c ose h
o b od whe l h d l ik n
er b us f tt nd nt
an , o a so a a e u er o a e a s .

L as t th ca in b d y
e l l w l ki g i
e a i ng l
o fil ,
Tw a i i w a n n s e e . o u s c an s er e c on

t in l ly
ua t i ng nn i g d n
ex e c u f a n
ru nd f th pn i n t
a th ce th ro o e e o e r o c es s o o e o er

a nd lw y a k p i ng t i
a s w i th t h i
ee d d e pp g g t h i e r c ru e ru s or co er on s, e no s e

o f wh i h ld b c h d f
c ou il e dear Wh n th y p d t h b i d
or es ar o u n . e ev er e as s e e r e

th y w e l d h l d th
ou in t o t h ig h i t h i l pi g n d g y t i g t t h i
e s ru en s n e a r, ea n a ra n a e r

b t es Wh . th b id en w ld q e t t h r d e n w ld
ou in s th i ua e a c er s ou ev e n c r ea s e e r

e ff t or i g
s, l i tt l
r u nn n w y t th a f t nd t ni ng t t h b i d
e a o if e r on a re ur o e r e as

I t d i d not
"

en d ea v o r i n g t o i n d u c e h er t o p r o c e e d . av a i l , for she w o u l d no t ov e

til l she r e c ei v ed s o e r i n ket t .

I n c r o s s i ng s t r ea s or ot h er ob s t a c l es t h e b r id e w a s c ar r i ed by h er f th a er

i n l aw ;
-
t h e b r id eg r o o w as c a r r i ed by o ne of h is a tt en d a n s t . P r e s en t l y th ey

1
MS . Co ll . of The Et h l no og ic a l S u r v ey .
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60 N E G R I T OS or ZAMB A L ES

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sh e
g o e s on . I n th i s c as e th er e w as a shor tg a e, an d

it d

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ev e r y b o d y bec a e ex c e . T h e h u s b an d h u dd l ed t o t h e s ide of h is br ide a nd

l o o ke d i n t o h er f ac e w ith a v er y
p i i tf u l ex p r es s i o n , i f p l e a d i n g w i t h h er t o
as c on

t in u e . B ut sh e w as fir . I n a .
f ew inu t es s ev er a l p e o p l e or ed a c i r c l e f an d

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y , an d c h an ti ng

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l ow an d sol e nl y ad o ni t o t h e h u sb and
’
an on s p ar en s a nd r i en d s t o g iv e

p r e s e n s t to t h e brid e . T h is w as re
p e a e d t s e v er al ti es , w h en th er e ca e a l ul l .

T h e b r id e w as s til l fir i n h er Op i n i o n th t t h a e a ou n t o ff er e d w as i n s u fi c i en f t .

m
I h ad s u p p l i ed y s el f wi h t so e c h ea
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“
usic
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ag a i n s t t ar ed . L o u d er i t b ec a e—~ w i l d er u
r es o u n d i ng
l

wi h t a th o u s a n d e c h o es , and a s th e nud e b o d i es of th e N eg r i t os -

g l i d e d at l ig h t n i ng

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I n du e ti e we ca e to p l a i t h p t h t h
ace t w b d d n i t h eid a a as or er e on e er s e

by s al l st ri
p s of ba b oo b t 3 f t l g w i t h b t h p i t t i ki g i t h
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t w i c e, w h en s h e a r r i v ed a t a t r iu p h al ar c h . T h er e s h e d o n n ed a v ery g a u d y
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A l l a t o n c e t h e c i r c l e d i v i d ed u s i n r o n o f t h e j t f t ar c h t w o p er s on s o n o p po s i e t

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-

c au
g h t h er i n h is ar s, r an u n d er t he hu an ar c h , an d d e p o s i t ed h er

g en tl y i n t h e h ou s e of h is s on . W h en t h e h u s b and , f ro w h er e h e w a s s qu a tti ng

u n d er the arc h , s aw
y l a i d i n h i s h o u s e h i s j o y kn e w n o b o u n d s
h is b r i d e s a el f .

W i t h a y el l h e l ea p ed u p , s w i ng i ng h i s u n s h ea h ed b o l o o v er h i s h e a d , a n d i n a t
fr en z
y u p e d oj v e r t h e fi r e,
p a s s ed h r ou h t h e h u
g a n a r c h ,
a n d w i t h a fi n a l t
y el l t h r e w h i s a r s a r f
o u n d h i s w i e i n a l o n g e b r a c e .

The cere on y as ab o ve d e s cri b e d c on tains any d et ai l s w hich I di d

n ot e et w ith in Z a b ale s b u t the ai n fe atu re the s itti ng d own o f , ,

t h e b ri d e t o receive her g ift s, i s t h e s a e .

P OL Y GA M Y AN D D I V OR CE

i g ht b e expecte d a on g the N eg r i to s a an ay arry as

As ,

an y w iv es as he c an b u y H i s i n ab i l ity t o p r o vi d e the n ec es sar y thin g s .

f o r her p u rch as e ar g u e s ag ai n st h i s ab i l ity t o pr ovi d e f oo d f or her .

He n ce it i s on l y the w e l l to d o t h at c an aff o r d the l ux u ry of ore th an - -

on e w ife U s ual l y thi s pr actice i s c on fin e d to the c apitan or he ad an

.

o f the tri b e an d ev en he s e l d o h as
,
o re th an t w o w ive s b u t on e ,

c as e w as n otice d in the vi l l ag e o f T ag i l til w here on e an h ad seve n ,

.

A t Gab ayan the c apit an h ad t wo w i ve s a c u r l y h aire d on e an d a s tr aig ht ,

—

h aire d one t h e l atter th e dau ghter o f Fi l i pi n os w h o h ad tak en u p

,
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62 N E G R I T OS or Z AM B A L E s

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I n their d e al i ng s w ith each other there s e l d o o cc u r d i s u te s a

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p o n g
the N eg r it os which in it self i s an evi d en ce of their n at u r al h on es ty
,
.

With Fili pi n o s they ar e i n c l i n e d t o acce pt an d re spect the o pi n i on s o f

,

their ore k n ow in g if le ss h on e st patr on s an d t ake w h at is off ere d

, , ,

f o r their p r o d u ce w ith l itt l e p r ote st I t i s t o b e f ear ed h ow ever th at .

, ,

as th ey re al ize the d u p li cit y o f the Fi l i pi n o s they the s el ve s ay b e g i n

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t o pr actice it .

A l c oh o l i s i s u n k now n a on g the b u t they d rin k w i l l i n g l y of the ,

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” “ ”
tu b a an d
, ,
.

d o not ake the s e b ever ag es N ow here d oes it s ee t o h ave g otte n a

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h o l d o n the an d there ar e n o d r u n k ar d s

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The p r actice o f s ok ing i s f ol l ow e d b y N eg ritos o f b oth sexe s ol d ,

an d y ou n g al th ou g h the y ar e n ot s u ch i n veter ate s

,
o ker s as ar e the

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Fi l ipin os The c u s to prev ai ls o f s okin g r ou gh l y ad e cig ar s of
.

t ob ac c o leave s tie d u p w ith a g r ass stri n g al w ays w ith the li g hte d en d

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. ay b e see n s o ew here ab ou t
a Ne g ri t o at al o st an y t i e Pipe s ar e never u se d . .

V ery f ew N eg r i tos chew b etel n u t an d th eir teeth alth ou gh sh ar p .

, ,

en e d as th ey ar e off er a ple asi ng c on tr ast t o the b e te l st ai n e d teeth

,
-

o f the aver ag e Fili p i n o .

While one c an n ot sp e ak au th orit ativel y i n re gar d t o rel ati on o f the

s exe s w ith o u t a l on g an d cl o s e s t u d y o f th eir c u st o s y et al l the evi ,

d en ce at h an d g oe s t o sh ow th at the N eg r it os as a r ace ar e virt u o us ,

es peci al l y when c o pare d w ith the Chri sti an iz ed n ative s Their s tate .

en t th at d e ath i s their p en alt y f or ad u lter y i s g e n er al l y acce pte d as

tr u e an d p rob ab l y i s w ith so e od i fic ati on s M on tano en ti on s it

, ,
.

tw ice an d he as serts f u rth er i n reg ar d t o the N eg r it os of B ataan th at

,
1

sex u al re l ati on s o u t s i d e of arri ag e ar e exce ed i n g l r re A

“
a o u ng
y y .

g irl u s ecte d o f it
s
p u s t f o re ver re n ou n ce the h o p e o f fi n d i n
g a h u sb a n d ”
.

I n Z a b al e s the Neg rit os c on ti n u al l y ass ert th at ad u l ter y i s pu n i s h

ab l e b y d e ath b u t c l os er qu e sti on i n g u su all y b r ou g ht ou t the f act th at
,

t h e offen d er s c ou l d b u y off if th ey p os s e s s ed the e an s M on tan o ake . s

t h e s t ate e n t th at in c as e o f ad u l t er y it i s the i n j u re d h u sb an d w h o
exec u te s the d e ath s e n t en c e I I w ever the i n j u re d hu sb an d is sati sfi e d
.
-

o -

if he rec o v er s w h at h e pai d f o r h i s w i f e in the b eg i nn i n g I n c as e of a .

d au g ht er the f ath er ex act s the p ay e n t an d on l y i n c as e he i s d e sti

, ,

t u te i s it l ikel y t o g o h ar d w ith t h e off e n d er .

I t h as b ee n as s ert ed al so th at the f t i s pu n i sh ab le by d e ath The .

V 1 P h i l i pp i
oy ag e a ux 71 Mi i P h i l ip i
n es , I) . 31 5 ; ss on aux p nes , p . .
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N E o R rro s on ZA M B A L E S 63

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N eg ritos say th at if a an i s c aug ht ste al in g an d c an n ot pay the i n j u re d

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p er s o n w h at ever he c on s i d er s th e v al u e o f th e s t ole n artic l e an d the
.

fi n e th at is as se s se d ag ai n st h i he w il l b e pu t to d e ath B u t as a

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atter o f f act it i s n e v er d on e
,
He is g iven h is ti e in w hich to pay .

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h i s fi n e o r s o e on e el s e ay pay it , an d in the l atter c as e the o ff e n d er
.

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b ec o e s a sort o f s l ave an d wo rk s f o h i s b e n e f act or r .

M u r d er i s pu n i sh ab le by d eath The victi is ex ec ute d i n the anner

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.

al re ady d e s cri b e d i n the t o rt u re d an ce B ut u r d er i s so r are as t o .

b e al o s t u n k now n The d i spos iti on o f the Ne g rit o i s pe ace ab l e an d

.

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s el d o l e ad s h i in t o tr oub le .

C ooke st ate s th at as a pu ni sh e n t f o r l ighter off ens e s the N eg ritos

1

o f B at a
a n u s e an i n st ur e t c e d c on de an w hic h i s s i pl y
n al l — ”
,
“
-

a s p l it stick s p r u n g on the n eck f r o s i x t o t w e n t y h ou r s ac c o r d i n

g t o ,

the d eg re eof the cri e an d wh ich i s s ai d to b e very pai n f u l N othing

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,
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like thi s w as s een i n Z a b al e s .

SL AV E R Y

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N otw ith st an d in g the st ate en t s o f M ont an o th at the N eg rit o s h ave

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n o sl ave s an d k n ow n oth i n g o f s l av er y the rev er s e i s tr u e in Z a b al e s

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at le as t ; s o s ay the Neg rit os an d al s o the Fi l i pin o s w h o h ave s pe n t

s ever al y e ar s a on g the The w or d a li pu n i s u s e d a on g the

” “ ’

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t o ex p res s s u ch s oci al c on d iti on A s h as b ee n st ate d a an c au g ht ste al

.
,

ing ay b ec o e a sl ave as al so ay a p erson c aptu re d f r o an other

,

r an cheri a a chi l d left w ith ou t su pport a per son un d er d e ath s e nten ce

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e s c ape d a r el ative c ou l d b e seize d as a sl ave I t w il l take a l ong .

acq u ai n t an ce w ith the Neg rit os an d an i nti ate k n o wl e d g e o f their c u s

t o s to get at the tru th of the s e st ate ent s .

I N T E L L E CT UA L L IFE

The c ou n te nan ce of the aver ag e N e g rit o i s n ot d ul l and pass iv e as *

i g ht re as ona b l y b e ex pecte d b u t i s fairly b r ight an d kee n ore so , ,

th an the aver ag e M al ayan c ou n te n an ce The N egr it o al s o h as a l ook .

o f g oo d n atu r e a l o ok u su al l y l acki n g i n the M al ayan

— H i s k n o wl e dg e .

o f thi n g s o ther th an th ose p ert ai n i ng t o h i s e n vir on e n t i s o f c our se , ,

extre el y li i te d b u t he i s pos se s s ed of an i ntel l ect th at i s c ap ab l e of

,

g r o w t h u n d er pr o per c on d iti on s He al w ays an ifes t s the o s t l ive l y

.

i n t ere st in thin g s w hich he does n ot u n d er s tan d an d h e trie s t o assi gn ,

c au se s f or the .

N atu r al phen o e na he is u nab l e to expl ai n Wh en t h e su n set s it . .

g o es d ow n b ehi n d a p reci p ice s o f ar off th at he c ou l d n ot w alk t o it ,

b u t he d oe s n ot k n ow h ow it g et s b ack t o the e ast R ai n c o es fr o .

the c l ou ds b u t he d oe s not k n ow h ow it g ot there exce p t th at th u n d er

,

an d li g ht n i n g b ri n g it The s e thing s ar e in c o p rehen s i b l e to h i an d

.

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64 N E G R I T OS on ZA M B A L E S

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c ou n t on their fing er s an d t oe s b e g in n i n g al w ays w ith the th u b an d ,

g re a t t oo .I f t h e thi n g s t h e y a r e c o u n ti n
g a r e o re th a n t w e n t y the y
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n o d ivi s i on o f ti e by w eek s o r o nth s b u t h ave peri od s c orre sp on di ng ,

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e ory s el d o g o e s b ack b eyon d the l ast se ason He n ce the N eg rit os .

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.

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d ay ou t off on e k n ot .

I n re g ar d to u n i ts o f v al u e the y ar e f a i l i ar w ith th e pe so an d oth er

c o i n s of the Phili ppi n es an d h ave v ag u e i deas as to their v al u e B u t .

on e e et s per si ste nt l y the w or d t ael i n their e s ti ate of the v al u e

” “

o f thi n g s A t ael i s 5 p e sos I f aske d h ow u ch he p ai d f or h is w ife

. .

a an ay s ay l u a po t ael
“ ”
Where they g ot thi s Chi n e se ter .

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The Neg ritos h ave d evel op e d t o a hi g h d eg ree a sen s e of the d r a atic ,

an d the y c an rel ate a t ale r a hic a l l b ec i n i n t ere te d i n their

g p y o g s o s ,

ac c ou n t as t o s ee t o f o r g et their su rr ou n d i ng s F or i n st an ce a he ad
-

.
,

an w as g ivi n g e on e n i ht an acc ou n t o f their a rri a e cere n

g g o y .

H e w en t thr ou gh al l the o ti on s n ece s s ar y t o d e p ict v ari ou s acti on s ,

talki ng f aster an d l ou d er as if w ar i n g u p t o h i s the e h i s eye s sp ark ,

l i ng an d h i s f ace an d an n er e ag er .

T h ey ar e u ch l ike chi l d ren i n thei r c u ri os it the hi e ’

y t o s ee w t an s

b el ong i n g s an d ar e as g re atl y p l eas e d w i th the g ift of a tri n ket

, Their .

ex pre ss i on s and acti on s o n b eh ol d i n g th e se l ve s in a i rr or f or th e .

1
I n th e f o o t no t e on p ag e 2 9 i s g i v en an ex t r a c t f ro Ga r e r i
’
s V oy ag es , in whi h th c e

fo ll ow i ng oc c urs :
“
T rue it is, h
t at b y e an s o f th e h h
eat en h
C i n es e w h o d ea l w ith th e

i n th e o u n t a i ns , so e d ef o r ed s t at u es h av e b ee n f o u n di n th ei r h ut s .
"
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66 N E G R I T OS or ZA M B A L E S

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c al le d t o ex orci s e t h e spirit cre ati n g the
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wh o ar e

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.

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e di qu il l o al th ou g h it p ays b ec au se i f a patie n t d ie s the e d ici n e

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o re or l e s s i n aw e o f the b u t they h ave ,

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Senor B e nit o Gu i d o a n ative of B otol an wh o acc o p an ie d e to

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w o an w h o p r actice d as ang a an it o w as c al le d and offere d t o re l ieve

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the patien t f or a litt l e on ey A pe so w as g iv en her an d sh e b e gan

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ab i d i ng p l ace Fi n al l y sh e t ook h ol d of h i s h an d s g ave a ighty t ug
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an d th en d r o pp e d b ack s tiff The s pirit h ad passe d f r o th e b od y.

of the p at ie n t i n t o her b o d y .

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the b ody b ef ore a c u re c an b e eff ecte d .

U se i s al so ad e o f other re e d ie s t o su pple e nt th e i ni str ati on s

of the ang a an it o Attenti on h as b een c alle d to the stri n g o f d rie d
-

”
b errie s c al le d a g at a w hich the Neg rit o s o f Pi n at u b o w e ar ar ou n d
“
-

, ,

their n eck s f or c on v enien ce in c ase of p ain s in the sto ach I n s ou th .

ern Z a b ales w h at s ee t o b e the s e s a e b errie s are u se d as a ch ar

ag ai n st sn ake b ite He re f or p ai ns in the sto ach the y b o il a p iece of
.

ir on in w ater an d d ri nk the w ater h ot Piece s of cert ai n w ood s ar e .

believe d effi c aci ou s f or rheu ati s an d o l d en e s peci al l y ay o ften

,

b e s ee n w ith the t ie d ar ound the l i b s Thi s su per stiti o n i s n ot f ar . .

re ove d fro the belief entertai n e d in certai n ru r al d i stricts of the

Un ite d St ate s th at rhe u ati s ay b e p r eve n te d b
y c arr i
y g n a h o r s e
chestn u t in th e p ocket The N eg r itos al s o w e ar su ch piece s of w oo d .

ar ou n d t h e n eck f o r c ol d s an d s ore thr oat .

I n c ases of fever a b ed i s ad e fr o th e l eave s o f a pl an t c all ed

”
—
b on w h ic h u c h re s e bl e s i nt an d l eave s are b ou n d to the
’
sa , .

aff ec te d p art s The acti on of the s e le ave s i s c ooli ng F or fractu re s

.
.

th ev u se b a b o o sp l i nt s an d le ave s of a pl an t c al le d t a c u ba o ” “
-
’ - -

.
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N E G R I T OS on ZA M B A L E S 67

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A b ad c ut i s al so bou n d u p i n the se le ave s o r w it h t h e s ap o f a tree
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.

The N eg rito s d o n othi ng f or ski n d i se as e a f or of herpes w ith

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y a r e afflic t e d The y p r o b a b. l y d o n o t re g a r d it a s a

d is e ase See P l s L V I et s e
q ) I c e f ce t e d e ite f fi er

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.

c arryi ng a heav y l oad of c a ote s or oth er o bj ects on the he ad .

S al lp ox as h as b een sai d i s b elieve d t o b e a vi s it ati on o f the w r ath

, ,

o f the s u p re e sp irit an d i f i t b reak s ou t in a r an cheri a th e victi

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g re a t an y o f t h e N eg r i t os s e e n i n Z a b a l e s h a ve s c a r s o f s a l l po x .

The p r actice o f b li steri ng th e b o dy i n c as e of s ick n es s is v ery c o on

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.

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C rie s of b ir d s at n i ght ar e e speci al l y u n l u cky I f a per s on i s s tarti ng .

o ut o n a j ou r n e y an d s o eo n e s ne eze s j u s t as he i s l e av in g he w ill

n ot g o the n I t i s re gar d e d as a si gn of di s ast er an d de l ay of an h ou r

.
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o r s o i s n ec es s ar y i n or d er t o al l o w the s p e l l t o w o rk off

A certai n paras itic p l an t th at u ch re se b l e s yel l ow os s an d g ro ws

hi g h u p in tree s i s reg ar d e d as a very pow er f u l ch ar I t is c al l e d .

“
a
g y u -

a
-
”
a n d a a n w h o p o s s e ss e s it i s c al l e d n an ar a g ayu a
”
I f .

h i s e ye s re st on a pers on d u ri n g the n ew oo n he w il l b ec o e s ick at the

st o ach b u t he c an c u re th e s ick n e ss b y l ayi n g h an d s on the afflicte d
,

p art .

S efi o r B e n it o Gu i d o says th at whe n a yo u ng an he w as to l d b y

N eg r it os th at thi s ch ar w oul d fl oat u p stre a A n d w he n he off er e l.

'

to g ive a c ar ab ao f or it if th at w ere s o i ts p o w er w as n ot sh ow n ,
In .

s p ite o f thi s h o w ever the N eg r itos ar e fir b e l iever s i n it and f or

, , , ,

th at atter so al so ar e the C hri sti an ize d Z a b al an d T ag al og I t i s

,
.

l ike w i s e th ou g ht t o b e o f v al u e i n attr acti ng w o en I f it i s r u b b e d .

o n a wo an o r i s s ok ed an d th e s o ke b l ow s o n her the c o n q uest i s

c o p lete .
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S P A N I S H ATT E M PT S T O O R G A N I Z E N E G R l T OS

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S u p eri or rel ati ng es peci al l y t o th e N eg r itos w as th at o f J u n e 1 2 1 8 4 6 ,

.

I t run s sub stanti ally as f ol l ow s :

In y i i t t t
v s h p s i no f
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A R T I CL E 1 Th l ld. d
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wh ose d i t i t th s r c y b t i
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9" 96 9(

ART . 3 .T w o y ear s af t
t h e pu eb l o s h a l l h av e b een or ed t h e i n h ab i an s
er f t t
th er eo f s h al l a
p y a t t
o d er a e t r ib u e, w h i c h s h a l l n o t f o r t h e p r es en t ex c eed on e

r ea l p er h ea d , t h e y o u h t
s a n d c h i l d r e n b ei n
g ex c ep e d , o b a i n i n
g i n c o p e n s a i on t t t
th e f
u s u r uc t o f t h e l an d s w h i c h th ey ay h ol d as th ei r ow n p r o p e r ty so l o ng as

t h ey d o n o t ab a n d o n th e cul ti va ti on, b ei n g ab l e to s el l to o th er s u n d er th e sa e

c on d i ti on s t
w i h t h e kn ow l ed g e of the au th or i ty of t h e d is tit r c .

ART . 4 . S a id au th it i
or es an d al s o t h e p r i es s s h a l l ta a i nt i th gn t t e r ea es z ea l

an d v i g il a n c e th at t h e Ch r i s i an t p u eb l o s d o n o t i n t r u d e on th f th in fi d
os e o e el s

or N eg r i t os , nei th er th t a i n d iv i d u al s l i v e a o ng th e n or th t t h y h a e ar a s s or

o l es t th e o n any p t
r e ex t wha t s oe v er u n d e r p en a l ty of b ei ng p u n i s h ed .

A RT . 5 . As I h av e u n d er s o o d t th t a if t h e N e g i
r t os f
r e us e s o c i al l i f e it i s on

a c c o un t of th ei r b ei ng w a r n ed b y t h e Ch r i s i an s w h o e p l o y he i n c u t i ng t t t
w ood , b a b oo , j
an d b e u c o , a nd i n t h e c o l l ec i on o f o h er p r o d u c s o f t h e w o o d s t t t
68
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70 N no n r r o s o n Z A M e x il e s

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s o

li vi n g i n the p r o vi n ce c o n cer n i n g c on fl ic t s w hic h the y h ad w ith the

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e .

o f en i ty t ow ar d the Filip i n o s Whe n a g r ou p ex pre ss e d their d e s ire .

t o l ive p e ace ab l y in their hi l l s the y w ere d u bb ed c onqu i st ad o s an d ” “

l e f t al o n e s o l on g as the y b eh ave d The n u b er o f c on q u i st ad o s g r ew

.

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r etre ate d f arth er i n to th e o u nt ai n s C ar ab ao
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”
.
.

r ai d s ar e very i n f re qu e n t n ow f o the pe opl e d i spo se d to ake the . r

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ki n d t o d eal w ith d u ri n g the past tw o ye ar s .

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.
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i n thi s w ay s u p eri o r ab i l it y o r g re at er w e al th The c apit an settl e s .

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d i spu te s b et w ee n f a i l i es .

The n ext s tep in the civi l i zi n g pr o c ess is the g atheri ng t og ether t o

f or v il l ag e s Thi s w as the en d t o w hich the S p an i ar ds w o rk ed b u t
.
,

th e p r o ce ss w as ret ar d e d b y the C hri sti an ize d n ative s w h o p r o fite d b y -

tr ade w ith the N e g rit os in f o re st pr o d u ct s an d w h o ad vi s e d th e t o -

av o i d c o i n g u n d er S p an i sh r u l e w here the y w o u l d h ave t o p ay tri b u te .

I f a co
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s e

c n c ej al es l i ke other b ar i os T h i s w as the c ase w i th A gl ao an d S ant a

o r :

F e i n th e j u ri s d icti on o f S an M arce l i n o b u t I l ok an o i
,
i g r an t s sett l e d
,

in t h es pl ace s an d th e N eg rit o s g r ad u al l y w ith d re w to the h i l l s an d

e
-

s ett l e d in other p la ce s u n t i l n ow there ar e ver y f ew N e r it o s act u al l

, g y
l iv i n g i n t h e s e t ow n s On e ol d an i n A g l ao w h o o n ce w e n t t o S a i n
‘

p ,

as a s erv an t t o an ffi c er spe ak s ver y g oo d S p an i s h

o , .

I n s p ite o f th e r ej) r i s al s a d e b y the Gu ar d i a C i vi l an d other e an s

j

e pl oyed b y th e S pan i ar ds N eg rit o r ai ds w e n t on w it h ou t u ch c es ,

s ati on u n ti l 1 8 9 4 I n th at ye ar the au th oritie s i n d u ce d a he ad an

n a e d L av os t o c e d o w n t o the t o w n of S an M arce l i n o f o r an i n ter

o

V i e w L ayos c a e do w n ab o u t as n at u r e h ad pr ovi d e d h i an d w a
O

. s
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N E G R I T OS or Z a M nA L E s 71

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recei ve d w ith
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.

hi up f r o h ead to f oot ad e h i p re se nt s an d fe as te d h i f or
-

, ,

s ever al d ay s Th en w ith the c u sto ary S pan i s h po p parad e of sol

.
,

d iery an d fl are of tr u pet s they p re se n te d h i

, , w ith a g au d y sas h an d
na e d h i C ap it an Gen er al d el M onte He w as g iven ch ar ge o f al l .

m
the N egr ito s in the d i strict an d ch arg e d t o keep the u n der c on tr ol .

The sash w as a che ap pri n t aff air b u t it ans w ere d th e pu rp os e The , .

effect of al l thi s on an u n t a e d savag e c an b e i ag in e d L ayos w as

m
mm
.

mm
i p re s se d He w en t back to the hi l l s w ith h i s n ew tr easu re s an d an
.

ex perien ce worth rel ating I t i s sai d th at the r obb i ng an d ki l l i ng o f

.

Chri sti an n ative s les sene d ateri al l y after th at

m
Whe n I was at Gab ay an i n th at d i st rict I s aw L ayos He w as a .

he avy s et an of ab ou t 3 8 h arel i ppe d an ol d r agg d s hirt an d b reech

-

, , e

cl oth h i s on l y app are l an d w ith n othi ng o f h is f or er g r an d e u r b u t the

,

e ory The sash h i s b adg e o f offic e he sai d h ad l ong s i n ce g one i n

.
, ,

b reechc l oth s .

1 n the s a e y e ar ( 1 8 9 4 ) al l N eg r it os i n the B ot o l an d i strict wh o w ou l d

c o e down f r o the ou n tai n s w ere f ed f or five o six onth s in r

h ope th at they w ou l d s ett l e d own an d re ain B u t they w ere g iven .

n othi n g t o d o and w ere n ot s h o w n h o w t o w o rk an d w he n the f ee d i n g ,

s t op pe d the y al l w e n t b ack t o the hi l l s the on l y p l ace w here the k n e w

, y
h ow t o s ec u re su ste n an ce A l th ou gh thi s experi e nt d id not re su l t
.

as d e s ire d it pr ob ab l y h ad g ood eff ect s f or the pe opl e o f thi s reg i on

, ,

ar e t h e f arthe s t ad v an ce d t o d ay an d ar e ost
-
i nc l i n e d t o l ive in
v il l ag e s I a i n f or e d th at s i n ce y vi s it so e o f the Ne g rit o s h ave
.

o ve d d ow n to the Fi l i p i n o vi l l ag e o f P o b at o an d there ar e s ever al

Ne g rit o chi l d ren in the n ativ e sc h ool T h e pe opl e o f T ag il til h ave even
.

( x r ess ed a d e s ire f o r a s ch oo l The p r e n ce f se ver a l Z a b al an d h a l f

'

es o
z
p .

b r ee d s in t h i s vi ll ag e an d i t s n ar n e s s t o th e Fi l ipi n o s pr ob abl y acc ou n t

. e

f o r it s b e ing ahe ad o f o ther vi l l ag es i n thi s as i n th er re spect s

‘

.
o .
m
m
mm
m
mm
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A P P E N DIX A

m
A N T H R O PO M E T R I C M E A S U R E M E N T S

m
The p au city o f e as u re ents h as al re ady be en ex pl ai n e d b ut t h o e ,
s

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th at w ere t ake n ar e g ive n here f or wh at t h e y ar e w o rth I d n ot . o

att e p t t o d r aw an
y c o n c l u s i o n s f r o t he o u n d ert a ke an d i s c u i n r
y s s o

o ther th an th at al r ead ive n i n the ch ter n h ic l f e t r

y g a
p o
p y s a a u e s .

I n t h e f o l l ow i n g t ab l e s it sh ou l d b e n ote d th at w here the ag e i s g ive n

the n u b er i n d i c at es o nl y an e s ti ate as n o N eg it o k n o w s h is ag e ,
r

I t h as b ee n th ou g ht b etter t o g ive the s e ap p r oxi ate ag e s th an t o l eave

.

t he ou t e n tire l
y i n o r d er t o d i sti n u i sh t h e ver y
g o u n f r t h
, y g o e

i d d l e ag ed an d ol d
M c nts o f N egr i tos

m
a su r e
e

St
gpg
d S
gg
n Le th
gg
B re i d t h
é N as a l Le
gg
th
A ge
e
i
h ig h t ar s n os e
f
n os e
I n dx e
ea r

1 Fe a e l 18 1 ,
408 1 , 45 6 35 38
2 35 1 ,
4 87 1 ,
4 87 38 1 00
3 14 . 1 , 3 25 1 , 3 25
4 30 1 ,
440 1 , 4 02 38
5 4O 1 ,
38 8 1 ,
4 00 40 43 1 07 58
6 Ma l e 27 1 ,
5 20 1 ,
5 80 41 1 04 60
7 do 20 1 ,
491 1 , 5 03 39 47

8 1 ,
440 1 ,
4 64 40 43 1 07 57
9 do 1 , 5 00 1 , 5 38 40 93 60
10 do 15 1 ,
35 7 1 , 34 7 34 40 117
1 1 do 1 ,
4 20 1 , 4 83 40 47 1 17 57
12 Fe a e l 20 1 ,
3 90 1 , 380 30

13 19 1 ,
2 65 1 00
14 20 1 ,
4 00 1 ,
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15 1 ,
41 0 1 , 37 8 35 42 1 20
16 1 ,
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17 Ma l e 22 37 46 60
18 - _ do 1 ,
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19 do 24 1 ,
36 3 1 ,
4 04 38 36 57
20 18 1 ,
473 1 , 4 93 40 1 07 57
21 19 1 ,
3 90 1 ,
41 2 40 42 56
22 1 , 4 90 37 43
23 i i i i i do 14 1 ,
2 82 31 8 1 00
1 ,
438
76

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m
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m N Ee

Measu r c

A ge
r os

en I s o

S tan

e
d
i ng
h ig h t
N
f eg o
r
or

it s—

ar
ZA M B A L E S

Co n i n u ed

p
of
an

s
t
L en g t
of
n os e
h B r ea
of
n os e
dh
t
N asa l
i n d ex
L en g t
of
c ar
h

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25 Fe a e l 19 1 , 31 3 38 1 40

26 do 20 1 , 4 72 1 , 5 38

27 Ma l e 1 ,
4 34 1 ,
4 97 113

28 do 1 ,
4 21 1 ,
51 9 40 40 1 00 60

29 Fe a e l 28 1 , 35 8 1 ,
41 8 58

30 1 , 333 1 ,
35 0 40 40 1 00 60

31 1 3 83 1 4 35 41 38 92

m
, ,

32 do 30 1 ,
285 34 111

33 50 1 , 31 8 1 ,
3 02 35 40 1 14 69

34 Ma l e 40 1 , 4 48 38 45 1 21 62

35 20 1 ,
45 8 1 ,
5 32 40 42 1 05 58

36 do 18 1 ,
4 80 44 1 00 60

m
37 15 1 , 5 00 1 ,
547 41 1 09 60

38 28 1 , 385 1 , 39 0 41 1 19

39 30 1 , 535 1 , 5 70 43 47 1 09 63

40 Fe a e l 1 5 1 ,
308 1 ,
35 4 41 85

41 35 1 ,
373 1 ,
3 88 36 38 1 05 59

42 35 1 ,
35 5 1 , 370 40 40 1 00 60

43 16 1 ,
4 07 1 ,
4 30 36 1 00 56

44 do 22 1 ,
420 1 , 4 66 40 1 07 64

Ma l e 1 ,
5 35 1 ,
581 43 39 90 57

40 41 40 97 55

47 1 , 4 78 1 , 540 40 40 1 00 59

48 Fe al e 1 ,
39 6 1 ,
41 5 40 1 07 60

49 1 ,
3 88 1 ,
4 00 40 117 53

50 M al e 1 ,
5 70 1 , 82 5 46 43 93 58

51 2 1 , 4 80 1 , 545 42 1 16 60

3 1 ,
8 00 1 , 83 4 49

3 1 ,
5 21 1 , 5 66 47 111 60

Fe a e l 1 , 5 02 1 ,
5 20

1 ,
41 0 1 ,
41 0 38 60

1 1 ,
31 8 1 ,
338 38 111

Ma l e 1 1 ,
4 25 1 ,
445 42 1 00

2 1 , 3 80 1 , 4 30
mm
mm
m
m
mm
A P P E N D IX B

m
mmm
V O CA B U L A R I E S

mmm
A s h as b een po i n t ed y th e N eg i t s o f Z a b al es s ee to h av e
o u t a r ead l

m
,
r o

l o st en ti r el y th ei r own l an gu ag e an d t o h av e ad opt ed th at o f th e

m
Ch r i st i an i z ed Z a b al A stu d y o f th e v oc ab u l ar i es h e e g i v en w i ll sh ow
. r

th at i n v ar i ou s s ec t i on s o f th e p r ov i n c e Z a b al i s t o d ay th e l an g u ag e

mm
o f t h e N eg r i t os D i ff er en c es w i ll b e f ou n d o f c ou r s e i n t h e d i al ec t s
.
, ,

of r eg i on s w h i c h d o n ot c o e u c h i n t o c o n t ac t w i t h eac h ot h er
!

an d c on ta c t w i th o th er d i al ec t s c eat es d i ff er en t c h an g es i n d i ff er n t r e

l c al i t i es

m
o .

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T h e c h i ef d i ff er en c e b etw een th e B o l i n ao d i al ec t an d th at o f th e r eg i on

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u th i s t h e s u b st i t u t i on o f t h l ett er l , as
” ”

m
“
i n th e f o f r
“
so e e r r r o

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al on g d i r a f or di l a t on g ue Y et n ot a f ew
” ” ” “ ”
f or
“
ar on g -
n ose ; , ,
.

m
w o d s ar e en t i r el y d i ff er en t
r Th es e d i ff er enc es ay ar i s f o th u se
. e r e

o f s y n on y s or f r o i s i n f or at i on as I w as ab l e to t ake t h e B ol in ao

m
,

v oc ab u l ar y f r o on ly t w o i n d i v i du al s Th i s d i al ec t i s spo ken in th e

m
.

m
t ow n s of B ol in ao A n d a B an i an d Z ar ag o a al th ou g h I a i n f o r ed
, , ,
z ,

th at ther e ar e ev en sl i g ht d i ff er en c es in th e spe c h o f th e peopl e o f so e e

o f th ese t o w n s T h e t ow n s f o
. I n f an t a t o I b a h av e t h e s ec o n d d i al ec t
r .

Wh en th e A eta el e ent en t er s th e d i ff er en c es b c o e or e appar en t e ,

al th ou g h t h e r el at i on sh i p b et w een th e d i ff er i n g w or d s ay o f t en b e

s een ; f or i n s t an c e h ai r b ec o es b ab o t g al o n g
” ” ”
s ab ot , , ,
n ose be , ,

b al on g o B u t t h e n u b e o f w o d s w h i c h b ea n o r el at i on s h i p
“ ”
co es . r r r

i s g r eat er th an i n th e c ase o f th e fir st t w o d i al ec t s I t i s p o ss i b l e th at .

h er e w e fin d tr ac es o f an ori g i n al N eg r it o l an gu ag e b u t I b el i ev e th at ,

al l th es e w or d s c an b e t r ac ed t o M al ay r oot s
-

I t w i ll b e n o t i c ed al s o .

th at th e tw o f ol l ow i n g v o c ab u l ar i es t aken f ro N eg r itos at S an t a F e
an d S u b i d n ot d i ff er at er i all y f ro t h e Za b al A et a i n f t th y
g o ac e
-

ay b e r eg ar d ed as i d en t i c al .

T h e w r i t er c an n ot v ou c h f or th e v oc ab u l ar i es f r o
-

B at aan an d B u l a
c an b u t g i v es th e
,
f or t h e sake o f c o p a i s on
-

T h e w o d s c o ll ec t ed r . r

b y M on t an o ar e o st l y T ag al o g an d d iff e ew h at f o
’
s Co ke s r o r o .

T h e l atter s t ate s th at h e v er i fied h i s s ev en t i es T h e t w o s et s ar e .

p r o b ab l y f r o d i ff er e n t p a r t s o f t h e p r ov i n c e T h e D u a g at v o c ab u .

l ar y f r o B u l ac an P r ov i n c e wh i l e off er i n g g r eat er di ff er en c es i s pl ai nl y
, ,

o f Mal ay o r i g i n l i ke al l th e o th er s .
80

mm
m
m
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N I Q G R I I OS OF ZA M B AL ES
' T

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N o . E ng li h
s Za mb l f B li a o o n ao Za bl a of I ba Za mb al — A e a t

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 m
m
mm
m
m
m
N EGR I TO S OF ZA M B A L E S

mm
m
m
No . E n g is l h Za b l f B li
a o o nao Za mb l a of I ba Za mb l a -
A e a t

mm
64 To d r n i k mi ’
-
no mi ’ -
no i ~no
’

65 T r ee ka
’
-
yo k ay
’
-

yo kay
'
-

yo
66 M o u nt a i n ba
’
-
k er ba
’ -
kil ba
'
-
kil
R i ve r
’
67 l og ka b u l a
’
i i l ug -
s an

m
-
- - -

m
S to ne
’
68 ba
’
ba ba to
’
-
to -

to -

69 Gr as s di ’ -
ko t di ’
-

ko t d i ~k o t
’

a —h o
' '
7
’
D og a -
so a -
so

71 R oo s e r t a n uk -
’
a —n o o k ’
a —n o o k ’

t u ~a t u —a
’ '
72
’
H en o -

pa
73 One sa
’
-

ya a
’
-
sa mi ’
-

ha
74 T wo ru
’
—a ln
’ -
a ln
’
-

mmm
75 Th r ee ta
’ —
ro —
to l o
’
t at
’
-
lo
76 F ou r a
’ -

p at a
’
-

p at a
' -

p at
77 F iv e r i '
~ m a li m ’
~ a li ’
-
a

78 Si x a
’ -
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’
—n e a —n a
'

S v

m
79 e en pi ’
-
to pi ’ —t o pi ’
-

to

mm
E i gh t e a —r o c a —l o
’
lo
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80 ca -

81 N nei si
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-
a si
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-
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82 T en
’
— ’
lo
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a -

nu -
ro a po -
a po
83 Elv e en la
’
-
b in -

sa
’
-

ya 1a b in a
’ - -
’
—s a la b i n
’
—ha - -
mi ’

84 Tw lv e e 1a
’
-
b in -
ru
’
—a 1 a b i n l n —a
’ — ’
- — —
l a b in l u a
' ’
-

85 Th i t r ee n la
’
-
b in ta -
’
-
ro la
’
-

b i n to -
’
-
lo la
’
-
b i n t at -
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-

lo
86 F t o u r e en la ’ -
b in -
a
’
-

p at la
’ -

b in a -
’
-

p at l a —b in a
’ ’
- -

p at
87 T w en t y ru
’ - —
an p u
’
-
ro l u ~a
’
m -

po
' -
lo l n —a
’
-

po
88 T w en t y -

o ne ru
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ah -

p u ’ -
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’ -

ya ln
’
-

a -

po
’
-
lo -

a
’
-
sa ln -

a -

p o — mi ’
-
ha
89 Th i r t y — ’
t a r on p u r o- -
to
’
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I L L I I S I R A 1 I ON S
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i d e nt i fi ed i n s c r i pt i o n eng ra v ed o n a
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F i r s t l i n e o f a p o p u l a r I b al o i s o n g
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F i r s t l i n e o f an I b al o i
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1 as h ea r d in t he n or t l n -
rn I b al o i r a n c he ri a s ; fad a i f o r b ad a i ,

l a nd , s o il ,
ea r th , c o u nt r v : f a te i
-

f o r ba l e i h o us e -

, .
( S ee a l so u nd e r F ) .

x pt wh
1 E ced t gi p e re u s e o ve ro in en c e to l e t te rs i n th e a l ph ab et , t h e use of i ta i c s tl h ro ug h o ut

th t x t i
e ei dt w d f s c o nf ne o or s o t h e N ab al oi di l a ec t .

I th i i th l I d th e N a b a o i ro o tl wor d i di c a ti v e o f a n ac t io n b y th e
’
-
n s , as n o er c as es a ter o n , re n er n

E g l i h i fi i ti
n s n n ve .
 m
mm
m
mm
m
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1 02 TH E N A B A L OI I DI A u ser

m
m
T h e S pa n i s h l i ng u o d e n t a l ~
(
3
d o es no t o c c u r in N abal oi .
( Fo r g u t u r a l t c be f o re

( I, o , and see u n d er K )

m
.

mm
Oh

m m
T he .
e xis t en c e i n N a b al o i o f t h is co ns o na n ta l t
d i p h h o ng h a s s e r ve d to s t r e ng t h en

S p a n is h au th ors in th e ir o
p i n i o n r e g a r d i ng t h e C h i n es e d e s c e n t of t he l g o ro t . A
co
p a r is o n wi h t o th er n at iv e d i a l ec t s sh ow s th i s s o u nd to be . os t ft o en an

m
i d io at i c s ubs t it t u e fo r t h e d of t h e l o w l a n d er s , as a l r ea d y s tt a ed b y S i n ib al d o
d e M as . l t l i kew i s e r e pl ac e s l or r
:

( V a r/r r o ad I d ala n
. . M a elU t
a f er n o o n I . al e

l el ui l e d ee p ad al e G od Sp l l io s
'

1 . Cl o us .

( V i i/u t on
g u e I . d i la I i i/c h i g re e n Sp . v e rd e
‘

( ll / r tw o I d ua S np id d / Sp S an l i e rn a n d o
’
. a to w n .

( F o r e/z i n s tead of I
‘

s ee u n d e r R )

m
,
.

m
N t wi t h t and i n g th e s ub s t i t ut i o n of ch for d, il l us t t r a ed i n t h e p r e c e d i ng

m
m
o s as

l t her e f o u nd w ords th t t
r e a in th e d A di r a , sh ado w ,

m
e xa es ar e a ny a :
p ,

g h o s ; d a t /

c
y n
a } the s
p a c e u n d er th e h ou se ; a n g kd d i as , l ig h t of w ei g h t; a a d ci y o t ,

h ar d ; a l I tfit ,
-

so ft ; d ea n c t , d e s i g n a i o n f o r
-

t a
p h ase of the oo n .

1) in N a ba l o i s t and s v er
y o ft en al so , t h ou g h not a l w ay s for I in I lo c ano

m
.

m
P a ng a s i n a n , et c : M a ba d i n p o s s i b l e, to be ab l e ; I n ab a l i n ; I d ol l l o ko ;

m m
.
,

m m
ace ; P .
,
l u p a ; ZlI -

z id a , T .
. M a ni l a ; Ch a i / d e n , b ed s t e a d ; P .
,
d u kul a n .

T h e l b a lo is f thur er
p r ono u n c e a t nea r l y
a a l w ay s be f or e the s o u nd y : A d j/ a b , t o

m
m
: al l; a y ab ; d ye, y our ; y o ; Ic a b a d y o , h o r s e ; Sp .
,
c ab a l l o .
( S ee al s o u nd e r

m
(l ) T he c l i a r a c t e r i s t ic 6
'

in t h e d i a l ec t s, fl u c t tiua ng b e w e en t 0 an d 17 :

A loe8 , b el l y ; Q u a n e t , r o p e ; n g er e s , l a z y
-

( S ee a l s o u n d er I ) / . .

( )
2 V e r
y o
pe n a n d b r o a d l i ke t h e Ge r a n ii i n c wd u k , eg g ; kc r u l , th u nd e r ;

mmm
,

te a l , fe el .

( 3 ) L i ke t h e nas a l a i n E ng l i s h l ul l .
”
but a li tt l e nea r e r t o t h e S pan is h 0 ;

m
l r e nd e r it b y U l ec s s h a wl b o dy ; ap t
g o o d h a l d r unk
, ; i , g ; c a y , .

The na e of th e P rov in c e of B e ng ue t i s p r o no u nc ed b y t h e na ti v es B é ng -

ng eet .
2

fo r
i ts
exa
us e

p l e,
a
pp
(
ea r s

d ti /i t
to be

,
so ft
ra

;
th er

u d z t en , f
unse tt l
to
ed

ac c o
. W h il e
p a n y
c o ns

so
t t an

eb o d y ,
in
but
so e w o rd s—
a td u p ,
m as ,

to

g o t og ( t h e r
,
3
~ —i n o th er s i t i s h ea r d i n d i f rer en t l y ’
'

as f or p
— fo r ex a
p l e . ap i l o r a fi,
l
d i ff e r e n ; t Kl t fl
tt ’
or R e f ,
i t a f e ale na e .
“
As a c o n s eq u e n c e o f th i t s en d en c y to
i n t er c h a n g e p a nd f
'

th e l b a l o is . sh ar e wi h t o th er P h i l i p p i n e pe o p l e s t h e i n c l i n a i o n t
to s ubs t it u te )1 for the f
'

in S pa n i s h wo rds . T h e y s a y S c t p id d n c h o f o r S a n x

l l
‘
e r na n d o , p i r i n o f o r f r en o ( b ri d l e ) ,
et c .
( See al s o un d er B and P ) .

l
g a n ( o o n g a n ) , i n a n t i u at e
lh u
'
, d
J ag al o g , a q d ’ ‘

l di
an ng pl ac e f o r b o a ts . I t ay b e i n fer re d
h e rc tro h
t a t t h e l b a l oi s o n c e i v e d a n d b u i t t h e i r
'

l l ho u s es , i n t ru e M a l ay fas hi o n, on th e s h o res o f

n a v ig ab e l w a t ers .

ng rr t l k
( in I o ano , e n ta n g l e nn n t ) -
t h e a c t of so e b od y or so e t hi ng b ei n g c a u g ht i n a

hi k ti g h t p l
,

t c et or a ac e .

=S
l g o ro t ric e w in e is c al e ld “
ta u i p ”
b y th e I l oc an o , b ut
“
t a te i
”
b y t h e l g o ro t .
.
 mm
m
m
mmm
1 04 TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT

l )

m
W h il e i nv a r iab l e i n so e c a s es . as i n p a l i t , d e a r ; p d l t o g , g u n ; p it Sp . .
p es o ;

in o t h e rs i t p a s s es i n t o as s h o wn u nde r h a l e er t t tt .

Q
tt t

m
T h is l e er is n o t u s ed i n w r i i ng N ab al oi

m
.

R .

P r o n o u nc e d wi h t the t o ng u e and ra th er so ft ly : E ,
th ey ; p r e tty .

t f o l l o w i ng le tt c h a ng es : Ch a l a , b l o o d ; dara r e s , c l o c k, th

mm
No e also t he er (I f wa c :
-

r .

Sp .
,
re l o j; c /t i nl o l, ( p i a r re l ; r in
gg ; y i c h
or u , w a r ; S p g u e r r a ; v1 1 g .
, ,
c h a rc o a l ;

P . , u r ing ; I I d g/ o , a il ; S p” c o r reo ; A l i n g ay , a t o w n : l A r i ng ay ; . . l i r u l d uo
r

ne w s pa p e r ; Sp .
, d i a r io .
( S ee al s o u n d e r L an d Ch ) .

m
S h a r p i n loo s i p os , t o ro l l up ; us e s , to s ee ; c h a s c h as a n,
p ee l , et c . S o t inf .
s ud e t

t o w ri t e ; s ty ed , wel l . r ig h t , a nd o th er s .

"
I

P r o no u nc ed a s o r d i na r i l y , t h o ug h i t i s o ft e n no t r ead i l v t
d i s i ng u i s h ed f ro (I by
an E u r o p ea n ea r .

S h or t 1 1] Mil lu -

,
to t a lk ; to t ie , et c.

.
; l o ng in li v/ t. to ki l l ; s

m
su a ne , et c
é
ar
g .

m m
W x

m
v , , , Y , I .

For y an d s ee u nd e r G and D, r es
p ec ti v el y . T he o th er s o un d s do no t .
oc c u r

t ft

mmm
i n h s 1 2, w h i c h a h t h N a b al o i l) an d w h ic h us ed
e xc e
p g p e r a p pp ro a c e s e s o
}
,
, {I ,

t o re p re s e n t t h e s e c o nd s o u n d g i v e n u n d e r K
“

D I P I I T H ON G S
'

A b r o ad c jo i n ed t o a s . hor t B a d en , son
g : A fen a
p e r s o na l na e . et c .

S o u nd s l ike t h e d i ph h o ng i n E ng l i s h t th ey , a nd t a ke s t h e pl ac e of . t h e I l o ka n o
d d l l i lut l c i , h o u s e
’

of: A e a ( L l e i v e r a ei
p g , ad d
; ; ; p y
-

, , .

() I I

A l o ng h o l l o w u . T his s o u nd c o r r es po n d s to t h e do i n l o wl and d i a l ec t s : Al a

s u n, d ay ; ar ao e
p g/ ( ,
r ic e fiel d ; i r o n, :1 b ig s na ke ; P a l o u, na e of a l o c a l it x ”

l upo u '

, top of l ntain ; t ap a o .

all

L i ke o i n E ng l i s h co w : l ’
u wa u , h aw k ; i a h , s t ar ; Az a l e a , a b i r d .

L i ke t h e d i ph h o ng i n lCng l is h t . co
y : A ng e l i l i ei ,
-

s l i p p e ry ; N a ba l oi , na e of th i s

d i a l e c , et c t .
m
m
m
mmm
m
m
m
TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT 1 05

' ‘
l l l A T Us ; J R A N S P OS I T I O N OF

T h re e are in Na b al o i as i n I l c an cwta i n w rd s t h e c o r
, t o o
,
c o re c

mm
1 ) ro n l
re at o n i f w hich re q u i es a d i ti n t hi at u t
o b i n ter p o s d r s c s o e e

b et yvc en -

t wo s yl lab l e s Of thi s k i n d a re . c ol d ; [ Uncut t n : -

(
,

Al ert ea , Ki ne -

th re pers n a l n a e ; b al l d ( b u tt rfl y ; c la
e o s a -
i
,
e -

e
,

a f.
e rn t g t s ee ( t n —(t n
,
o o o .

The hi at u s i n q u e s ti n is l ike t h e n w ake i n E n g l i s h in u ch a

m
o . o e e s

m
w rd a ti k ta ck

m
o s c -

m
I t ay b e re ark d fi n a l l y th at t h e re ar t b f un d i n Na b al i e .
e o e o o

e x a p l e s o f t h at c uri u s tr t n s p iti n f v w l s with i n on e w o rd th at i s o z

-

os o o o e

et w i th al s o i n I l o c an o an d o th e r n ativ
. d ial c t s B y a c h an g e o f thi s e e -

m
ki n d the w o rd d ark f o r i ns tan e w i l l b e h t t l l as a i/ dung l ,
c
,
,
‘
z
’
t
-

c
,

an d thers s i i l arl y A c rtai n au th h as e n i n th is c a p ri c i o u s n e s

o . e or se . s

i n s p e ak i n g n o f t h au s e s f t h e g r at v a i t v o f P h i l i p p in e d i al cwt s
o e e c o e r e .

m
SIGNS E M PLO Y E D

m
The t w s o u n d s ti nc t u z i ting l o n e b et we n an d i an d th e ther
o
'

.
.
—~t 1 e
e -
3
o

b et w e n an d a fo r e ac h of w h i c h t h e
e 0 l d Phili pp i n e al p h t b et s h a d
,
o z -

onl y n e c h a ac ter o I s h al l n t d i sti n g ui s h b y s p e ia l s i g ns b ut w rite

r . o c

w rd s o nt i nu i n g the as l h a ve he a r d the
‘
o c . . .

I d is a rd fu rther the c i n w riti n g b t w ee n t h e fi rs t an d s c o n d e e

s o u n d s u n d er A b et w ee n the three ki n d s o f ( l a n d b t w e n t h fi r st an d e e e
, ,
.

c n d s ou n d s un d er E b e ra us e b ei ng in fl u n ce d b y t h

mm
n ei g l b i 1g

m
se o l - i
e i or i

m
, ,

d i al e c t t h e y b ec o e s, o re o r l es s d i sti n ct a cc o r d i n g t the g g rap h i al

,
o eo
:

m
o s it i n o f eac h n h i T h e ex l e i n ffi ce t i l l t t

m
‘

p a c o a a p s g a v u u
er s a . ve s o r e

m
th e

m
.

L as tl y the d i ff ere n ce b t w ee n s h ar p an d s ft an d l o ng an d s h t
,
is e o s or a

n t s o xc ss i v e as t re nd er d i acr iti c a l a rk s n ec a ry
o e e o e ss .

m
Th re ai n o n l y th r e s lgec ia l s o u n d s to b e c n i d r d Fi rs t th at
e re

m
e i o s e e : ,

w hi h t h e S pa n i a rd s fi n d i n g it i n all d i al ects
c f the s e I s l a n d r nd d o s e e re

m
, ,
.

m
by fl y g} r
y L e a
,
v i
H n g a s i d ,
theo h a ni h d l . te d q u s ti n h w it a n b e e
t -

e si . e o o c

f p p u l a r p r a ctic a l u s l
. ret a i n in thi s t u d
or
y t h e o
,
e
,
. s .

si e s t S an i s h f r f riti n g the s o un d T h t h
2
p l p w / t wo o r s u nd s o .
“
Hf . e o e o

z l p di
Ri th ph y h f h l t h wh i h h
‘
1 a f l re l g u a t es
’
ag a o or w og ra t e use o t e (3 a og e t er, e sa y s as
or c

i d d b y f ig w i
n t ro uc e H d i l y h i wi h w l
o re n r t ers i i th i dd le a f w d ts o n t e t t o v a u es — w e

n e e o a or

p l ik y i g l i h
.

(Sp i h 5)an s d i i fi '

l y ll b l l i l
an n a . na s ay fl ea l h i tt e o re O en , e n En s c a rr ,
”
u en t y
”
-
t at s,

a . db w
so u n d i () l
et h i il ly
e e n (3 a n y h t i th idd l f w d i
'
‘

a d lik h
e s ar sa s t a n e e o a or t sou n s e t e

Sp i h b t th t i t p l i ttl d k di l
.

an s 1 1, u a i t o d b
en s a w d i i e an ta es a n n er e a t e s ou n et een 0 a n w n f na
sy ll b a f t w hi h
l es , ia th ac f d i l cd t b li
as n h t h F i l ip e c as e o pl d e an ea s so e o e ev e t at e i nos e o ye
“

W d wi h w di t d t p
,

f th i t
’
d ly h
'

0 an i di i u . n l ere n t or s t t o o s o e n er e a e .
s ou n as u t ee , oo n, et c e

d i h f h l
, ,

ll y l y l g i l ly f i l
. .

p ro t i
i u n c es o c o n t a n rea on a on i na a . He a ts t e r e o re t e et t e r a o n or f na
sy ll bl ai i g it h es , l fg v n h i d k h h I li t e v a ue o oi l — t at s, ar er t an t e ta an 0 .

l -
p i g I w il l l y p i t
’
n as s n t th ig on id h d w b k wh i h l d R iz l
o n ou t th a e s n i t avo s t e ra ac c e a to
a d i l t tl y h l d S p i h g i
t re u c a n d f th 7 p p d b y h i i i d
t e o an s d t th
fi n s t ea o e { ro o se , v z , t oes n o t es ro y e

c h f th
ar a c te r o i il t d p ti l i t
e as s ti l i k H ia b t f H i b
a e ar c e no n c o n rac o ns e ar e a or er
-

no e ta .

[T h h p p
e aut d t d p t
or h h ro a i osep l f b
o at i i w f th f
e t t h t th
e c i ar a c t e r . n ac e o ], u ,
n v e o e ac t a e re s

no t g l g en era t t h a wi d f hi
ree en d as l b o th h e i s w ll o o t s c o u rs e a n a so ec au s e t e c a ra c t er / 29.
s e

un d d it h
e rs to o d b t f th p
,
t
as s e e p th
e d by
es E ] or e r es e n t o re r es en t e so u n ny — . n .
 m
mmm
m
m
m
m
mm
m
mm
1 06 TH E N A I z AL o I -

D I A L E CT

t h e n e s d c rib e l u nd r E an d t h e ”
f r ic at i ve en t i n ed

m
‘

a re o es t e . o

m
u n d er K A s b t h ar c o n s t a n t l y u s e d a n d
. o e c l A
a rl v h an d t h e y e r it

m
d is t in t iv s ig ns an d I g i ve t h e t h e fir s t w it h d t h e s c n d w it h

m
c e ( e an e o
, ,

( A s s i a t i n l h n éti q u e I n t n ati n al e )
’

m
oc o o r o
—

m
R O OT S AN D P A R T I CL E S

mm
N a b a l o i , l i ke P h i l i p p i n e d i al e c t s t i n ati ve b u i l t r o o ts

m
al l ,
is ag g l u u p of

p a t i l es

m
an d r c .

B y r ts 1 h re s i pl y t h e W o rd t h a t c n ve y eertain d fin ite
'

oo ai n e s o e

a n d i n d ep c l nt i l e a f r e x a p l e p
e ui ti re ; l i
( tt l e ; (n w t o-

o
, ,
e
,

k i l l ; Mu t W lf a rt i l s I ( l l h ere cert ai n s y l l a b l e s w h i c h t ake n b y

,
o .
’
e e
*
i
,

m
t h e s e l ve s h ave n o an i n g W h fl
,
t V OI a n d t h ere f o re n ever o cc u r s i n g l y e t —
‘ ‘

i n t h e s e n te n ce a n d w h i c h b ec o e s ig n i fi at i v e o n l y w h e n ag g l u t i n ate d

m
c

m
t o r o t s o r c o p o un d w o r d s t h e e an i ng o f w h i c h t h e y
o d i f y in a o

m m
m
v ar iet y f wa y s A ggl u t i nati ve p art ic l e s a e e i t h er pre fi x e d r in fi x e d o r

m
o . r o

ufl

m
e w i l l i l l u s tr ate t h e i r u s e
k
s ix d H e . o

l t l fl e an i ng le ss if b y i ts e l f h as t h e o ffi ce o f add i n g t h e i d e a
'

I l tt fi
, ,

o w n er to t h e s e ns e e b d i e d i n t h e s te T ak in g f o r in s tan ce t h e
“ ”

m
o .
, ,

w rd h o u s e w g et o w n er f h u se ; u K ku o l

m
o o ra
o ,
e
g/ . i o
,

w n er o f h o rs rg an d s o o n

m
o .

l n fi x i n s erve s t o a ke t h e p a s t te n s e o f ver b a l f o r s S te : I h g i n ’
.
—
,

c o l d ; ra iny i a t o b ec o e c o l d ; t i na a o i n t h ave b eeo e l d I n t h i s

( -

,
-
'

- -

,
o co . .

a s e t h e a o f i n fi x i n b ec o e s fo r re as on s o f i d io at ic p n n u n e iat io n

m
e .

m
S u ffi x d e n o te s l c al ity t o ot A p u i fire ; p u i tir e pl a c
( o . : ,
a i
,
e .

T h e n u b er o f p art ic l e s a s te ay t a ke i s n o t li it e d t ne For o o .

i n s tan ce :

R t I w t g \V n oo ,
’
z ,
AR M H I
'

,
'
r

t P r e fi x 1 an d s u l li x un
‘
l at -

3%a w r l
y
—a n I lo tt t
e rr i o r y .

—
p n g A p e rs o n l i a y i ng h is h o
’
l P fi i l l

m
'

r e x - -
i e

t t

m
i n t h e h o t er r i o r y .

m
cert ai n p art icl e s a ver b al
By fo r c e i s g i ve n t o n o u n s . Fo r e x a pl e ,

to t h e c p und w rd p k
.
o o o « a/
,
fi rep l a ce ,
t h e i d e a o f “
to use as
”
is
s u per add e d b y t h e pre fix p u n .

T h us
S rrid 1 w): uina
7

a e
3
(
p
/

(h it : T h i s h e re th e u s e as fi r e l a c e p th i ne )

\
V e n id e an :

L et th i s be y o u r :li r ep l a c e ; ( o r, b r ie y ) fl a ke y o u r ti re h er e .

s a e s e n te n ce is re n d ere d as a s tate e n t
Th e in t h e p as t te n s e by
i n ti x i n g i n t o t h e p arti c l e i n :

1 [Ca d en ote o ng o th er t h i n g s , x
t h e w h o l e e t e n t i n w h i c h t h e i d ea xp r ess ed b y th e
b b
an a e

p p
,

ro o t r e v ai l s . The a o ve is an i n s t an c e of t h i s i d ea i n c o n c rete se ns e ; fo r a s t ra c t i d e as co are

Jav a , f re e ; ka -
l agi/ a —( i n , f re ed o .
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1 08 CT

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TH E x x HA L O ] DI A L E

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p es

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[ i ni 0 ( l ur id T he n n is h a d .

T he t r ee i s h ig h

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S i M a t eo e Il a / un g Ma t eo i s t h e h ead an

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.

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. l
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c h aw l c ( a lo/ K . M a ny ar e t h e C h i l d re n o f J uan
A nz a ax -

ko e pu il s un « s o . 1 h a v e g i v e n t h e b on e t o t h e d og .

l n us px
o l ko s
— ’
c a p i t al n
/

. I h av e et t h e c e i a n ( h e a d
p zi t n ) .

(I br a s
’
a a 9
. Is y o ur t
f a h e r p resen ? t
chi b u ic i l l u i c o iu i T he s e b o a r d s b e l o ng t o th e h o us e of
:

, i .

Ma t eo .

m
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m
na n .

Ma t eo s
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h o u se .

mm
M a p t e ng st ta t . T h is ( pe r s o n ) i s g oo d .

m
S ai d /
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h o us e of a p oor an .

[a en -

o c s ud a t s z . w ai e i a iy ad a t . G i v e t h e l e te r t o t an l goro t .

I us -

Ic e 6 Mi . . I h a ve s ee n t he w o an (wo en ) .

m
(M u i n s a s Ic rf -

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m
G ua i ns as Ir o -

Mi . I have s e en tw o wo en .

m
I h av e

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s ee n s o e wo en .

1
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. Mz v w ere th e w o ,
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o b e re n d er d b y s u c h re l a t i ve p h r as e s f o e o

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u r s as it i s h e w h o etc F r i n s ta nts :
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i
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S u i d iu i c c hit Ira p a n / s u ng w . T h i s i s t h e d i r e c io n t th e
y a re t a ki ng

N i /r n c ( ru g/ u h : we [ winn er/ o . l t i s y o u w h o h a v e b e e n t h e b r i ng e r o f
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mm
T H E N OU N

T h e N al al i n o u n h as n d i s ti n ct ive f r s t d e n t e n u b e r o o o o o o r

g e n d e r .

T h e p l u ral if n ot l e ft t o b e u nd er s to l f r o t h e c o n te x t is , ,

e x pre ss e d b v s u c h wo r ds as ni n al l ; s o e ; l d any (o /
,
d e i i te
, ,

e tc T h ere are h o w e v er i n u s e s o e n o u n s
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, , ,

t h e I l o c a n o d i a l ect t h at fo r a p l u ral b y re d u p l ic a tio n o f t h e fi r s t ,

s y l l a b l e p l u s t h e f ol l o w in g c o n s o n an t ; fo r e x a pl e B dei h o u s e : .
z ,
:

[ l l l i h o u s e s ; il i t o w n ; i l i /i t w n s ; i i/ i n
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c o a n ds rd er s ,
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, ,

1 h it B ad t h e
”
I t i s w el l t o p oi n t o ut h e re th a t N b al o i e n t i re l y l a c ks t h e x il i b
b
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p
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to be an d t h at t h e i d ea f i t is o d ied in th e n o un ( s u b s ta n t i ad j ec t iv e )
b b
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n ro no u n ,

x pl
.
,

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“
ove e a es , .

ad je c t i v e .
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l u /r i a an, d i l dg/ ( are a d e us e.

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n a ar e u

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t h e s h w h o w t h e p l u ral i d e a i s e x pre ss e d o :

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A (I Rl an y 111 3 1 1 :

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Na u i n u lc ( e boy . 1 ( hu ‘
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ha t s

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'

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u k A no h r b o v t e [ in (I lru /o ng A l l t h e l ea v es
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T Mo T h re e d og s ,
'

l le o 1 T h re e t
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(I ( u M an y d o g s a ha l o Few s o n est
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.
-

A ] I th e ( l og s l e/ut -

J (1 ha l o M an y t
s o n es

. l el ( I, u s e: So e (l og s
, 1 in (I l /o A l l th e t
s o n es

l n eh i (I as ” N o d og

‘T he si i l a ri t y i n sou nd of t h es e t w o w o r d s i s ac c i d e n ta l . Kab a d y o i s th e Sp a n is h
“
c ab a l l o ;
”

is p os e d o f th e t w o p a r t i c l es ka a n d a n a nd o f w h a t i s l e ft as a r o o t

bb
Ka b u d g/ ( on th e c o n t ra r y , co

p
,

( i ; I l oe a n o . a ai , wo an . T h is (: o r re S p O i i d s w ith th e co os i t i o n o f ka d a k n, ro o t ( l a r d ,
an ;

l a l a ki .
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l 10 N A R A L OI DI A L E C L ‘
'
TH E

U SE OF I
R G H T, R OT H

I li u ( u R ig h t eye Di u R igh t h nd a

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Mu id i 0a id i
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Di . “ [g it
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Th u g/ 54 M ( H utu/ R ig h t ear Midi , (H u an R ig h t f
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L e ft e ar e oo
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g i t M a l i [gi t

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M t er c lu B th f t
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’
Na c /u n ( ri ng
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E L A T I ON OT HE R I L I P PI N E

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R N A B A LOI TO PH DI A L E UTS

B e s id e s y ere
w d f h at
r t h e e xa p l e s g i ve n
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l ro n u n eiat i o n
’
I pr o p o s e to s h o w h ere b y a n u b er of c o
"
on

m m
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w rds d e n o t i n g p art s o f t h e h u an b o d y t h e a ffin i t y o f N a b al o i to

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o t h er P h i l i p l nn e d i ale c t s :
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E n g l is h N a al o i I l o k an o P an g as i n a n Pa pang o T ag al o g

B od y a n g re l la an k a t aw a n k a t a w an

H ead t o k to k 016 b u n t uk

H ai r b uek b oo k b uc k b u ok b ull 6 k

mm
a ta a a ta a 1 1 1 51 1 1 1 ,

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T o ng u e ch ila di l a. (1 Ha d i 1 11

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B r eas t ag e u b a r u ko ng ag ée 3 51 111

Sh o u l d er ah a d a a b ag a a h al a p ag é h a l i k nt

N eek b u kd o n b 1 1 k1 a0 (g 1 u t t0 n ) h e kl eo Da ta ] l i ig

A r t a k d fli ta ki ng t a kl a i t a kd i ku ui

H an d di a i a li a ga ut , ka a i
An u s uh et 1 1 b et b u l d it p uit .

H ea r t .
DH S O p u so p 03 0 p usu p u so

Fa c e d np a ru p a . lu p a . 11 kh a

B o] y 1 ! kt S Li 1 1 11 og es 11 1 13
1 21 11
‘
21

ulpo 1 11 ul po p u nd hi

Foo t s ad i s u ka i b i t iS

B o ne PU X “ tu l a ng p u k e] l
b u tu h u to
b
.

S ki n b a d flt b a ng bl t a a a l at

B l o od Ch 1 1 1 “ d y a a d ug o

B ra i n 1 te k
‘ -
o tek u t ek u tak u ta k

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}
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I f u rt h er g ive a n u b er o f N a b al oi w o r ds s ee in gl y c l o s e l y re l ate d .

t o M al ay pr oper an d p a rt i c u l a rl y i n tere s t i n g b ec au s e t h ey il l u s tr ate th e

c in c id e n ce o f N a b al o i c h w it h M al ay
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A d je ti v s a re g i v e n a n e g ati v e s e n s e w ith the h e l p
TH E N A B A L OI

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( t ( no t ri p e

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A n a d jecti v e i s i nte n s i fi d i n 1 e a n i ng b y t h e u s e ex p r i

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e 11 o f th e es s o n

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nu N / or Ch il e t h u s : A np t g w a r ; l e r 1111 wh il e, v er y
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C o p ari s o n i s ex p re ss e d as fo l l o w s in 1 : « ( M W, of al l th e

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or 1 (3 (11 1 1 1 11 1 111
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TH E NU UN AND TH E A DJ JCC l I V F
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11 T h is ho u s e is ne w .

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s ’
2

(1 1 1 1 b ad on g ( 1 01 \V h i e h i s t h e ne w h o us e ?
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‘

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'
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-

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.

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( ha
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0 ka b a d g/ o t o -

. l l is h o r s e i s w h i t e .

M y kn i f e l ar g e .

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. H i s kn if e is s al l

l l u l ti c
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’
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'
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io
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’
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J oh n is d u l l )
1 /u i u n (1111 h u t is old
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TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT 113

R ud e 0 ba l ei / -

o .
Y our h o use n ew .

e -

OI N L .
T h ei r h o u se s ar e s al l .

A b a t eg e ba l c i -

cl . T h e ir h ou s es are l ar g e .

I 1 1 (i /rt t e l a lc
.
i
. I . a c ol d .

m
I a rt is t e l Iw -

, 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 . X o u w e re
S 17 3 1 ?t o a k t é l (1 8 1 1 1 1 61 1 1 1 . H e w i l l be col d .

A 1 11 p e t d ng a lc l u w ar
-

.
. .

1 1 11 4 1 0 t d 1 1 k n u n Hu t Y o u w e re w u H
9 a n
- -

. .

m
.
. .

s tea t d H e w il l h e w a r

m
a p e n g (t ea1 t e -

.
.

A It . 1 1g I a t al l
-

7131 1 Y o u w er e t a l l
E ( 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 ; 1 1 1 1 1 19 0 31 1 1
n (1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 ( s ee i ng l y ) . T h e b oy w il l he ta l l .

m
T h e r e e i s i nl l

m
.

A It (1 1 / (1 1 1 g
.
-

. 0 Ir a b ,
(1 y 0 . T h e h o rs e h ig h .

T h e h o u s e i s h ig h .

T h e r o ek h ig h
_ .

11 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 11 6 b a l e17 /
. T he h o u se i s l a rg e .

6 11 1 1 1 6 1 . T h e h o us e i s s a ll .

x 1 1 11 11 1 1 1 1 01 0 0 T h e h at i s l a r g e .

é t i td -

(t h e s t ee
p) . T h e h i l l i s h ig h . .

1 4 1 1 1 1 2106 (1 ti i d . T h e h i l l is l o w
c c h u n t u lo T he ou n ain t i s h ig h

m
. .

0 6 1 1 11; c 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 9 . The o u n t a in is l ow .

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TH E P R ON O UN

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P E R SON A L AND ’
I OS S E S S I V E

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I N D E PE N D E NT FO R M S

( 1
) T h e i n d p e n d n t e e fo r s, hich c an
w be us e d bv the s e v es l al o n e

to d s g na eit h e c o rr es p t te tl i i 1 g p er s o n s

F or F i rs t p e rs o n Sec o n dp e rs o n Th i d p r ers o n

Si ng u l ar s i k1 1 k s i ka s i kato

si ka x c l us i v e s i ka ra l
Pl }
1 u r al
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si ka r e J
Si ka ta y o (i n c l us l v e ) ls i e ra

1 P .
,
s i kara .

The d i ff ere n c e b et w ee n 1 1 and il u tu y c n s i s t i n th at t h e l at t e 3 1 1 111 13 s r o o s r

i n c l u d e s b e s i d e s t h e s p ake an d h i pa rty t h pa ty a d d r es s e d w hi l e
°

s e r
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the fo r n i r ex c l u d e s t h e part y ad d r s s e d A c c rd i 1 g l y 3 7 1
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the e n t r r y in fa i l i ar t a l k a ng q u a l s The s a
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t h t ) aft er t h e fa s hi o n f t h e T v r l s ,
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1 14 EC T

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TH E N A B A L OI DI A L

T h e s e pr o n o u n s f r t h e g e n it i ve w it h an d t h e d a t i v e w i t h
o .

T h u s : N s i h t su n s il ot a 6 e h v v er d r o p s t h e 8 3 in t h e s e
,
.
/ o
,
s ,
e ,
1

cas e s : N a n e u n er a F r o t h e f l l wi n g e x a p l e s it w il l b e s ee n
,
,
s . o o

t h at t h e pr no u n c arr i e s w i t h it l i k e t h e n o u n a n d t h ad j ect i ve t h e
o ,
:
,

e an i n g of t o b e ” “ '

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ka a ta I th e who t a kes c ar e ( of the

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t h i ng t)

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S i ng u l a r tt k l

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t h e e x c ept io n o f to i n t h e w ay s h o wn b y th e fol l o w i ng e x a p l e s :
,

I ul -
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b We
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a p o o r . a: ar e ten .

A enial 1 -
,
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\V i t h a ver b al f o r t h ey a re u sed as f o ll o w s:
M u ng un le a

Cat
W
.

J (U I
1

'

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i

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Tag/ o H un (
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t
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l u H H U I f/ ( U l
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Ja a ny
/ (

P OS S E SS I V E P A R T I ( I L E S

The p o ss e ss i ve pro n o u n is repre s e n te d by t h e g e n it i ve of th e l a st

e n t i n ed f o r s
o :

1 I n t h i s i n s ta n c e , w el l e v e ry w h e r e i n t h e s e n o tes , I th e E ng l i s h p re s e n t ten s e , w h i c h
b
as as u se

c o l l o q u i al l v s t a n d s a l s o fo r t h e f u t u r e , f o r w h a t a pp e a rs to h e a n e q u al l y a ig uo us N a b al o i t en s e .
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1 16

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TH 1: .
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N A B A L OI a nner

P o s s ess i v e M y h ors e Myd og M v ox

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ka b a d y o k as u k b a ka k a k a fen 1

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ka
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b
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un d er R o ot s “
an d part i cl e s al s o un d er T h e v er l fl)
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I i an ’ -
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P ic a to -
H e l i ke s . P ian -
c lu r T h e y l i ke .

. [ ng u ax u t ko
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p an e s l I l os t y b o w .
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1 71
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Io T h y d og I l iu -
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ver b al fo r b ec o e s o re an if e s t :
F ir -
k0 q ei I l i ke r ic e w ine .

Tit /i i wp in e 1i
.
-
R ic e wi n e i s y d ei s re .

S ud ” ; c I n e t—ko ’
'

M y f o o is t h e p a t
c u t (n o t y h a n d ) rt I
A /
sa r e (M
“

-
( o to w ku b l r/o r v
r
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/ ki
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'

bo t fo -

M y d o g w as t h e o b je c o f h is ki l l in g an d t
y h o r se t h e o b ec j t of h is t
s e al i n g .

T h e pr o no u n ay al s o prece d e th e ver b al fo r . T h is is h e ar d
e s peci al l y in s h o rt s e n te n ce s l i k e
l lf o lu ’
. B r ing ! ( i p ) l —
I l a i ns u s \
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’
L oo k! D uo A sk! (p l u r .
p )i .

T o-
i nd u H e h as t
a ken -
b iu T h ey ar e g o i n g t o k i l l .

1 F ro {g i ro I a nt o l os e 2 F ro ki b oti n , t o s t e al 3 F ro b i n , to k i l l
-

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. . .
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TH E N A B A L OI DI A L EC T 1 17

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N o te al o s p l a ce of pr o n o u n in n e gat i ve fo r s :

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DUA L P E R S ON A L P R ON OU N

T h e per s on al pr o n o u n lcita re q u ire s S pecial e nti o n I t c o p re h e n ds .

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t h e fi r s t an d s ec o n d per s o n s t h o u an d I ”
tog et h er I t h as n o “

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, ,
.

i n d epe n d e n t f o r l i ke t h o s e g i ve n at th e b e g i nn ing o f t h i s c h a pter an d ,

i t c an n o t b e c o n s tr u e d w i t h or s un I t s p o ss e ss i ve cas e i s t h e s a e .

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as t h e n o i n ati ve an d c an n o t b e e p l o y e d w i t h o t h er n o u n s t h a n t h o s e

m m
m
repre s e n te d b y ver b al f o r s .

E xa p l es

A ino ki ch i I ll aa id e
-

. T h ou an d I g o t o M an i l a .

A biteg kite . T h ou an d I ar e p o o r .

Ch e l i/u I p o rt
e

th e
.

T h ey ar e b eat i n g e an d e
U l l a l aIp u/n I l bi g a S U I t s i len tl y / o
.
'

- ' '

, ,

[ a s c l aws un s i /cu
-
.

y o . T h ey h av e s een u s .

B a l ei tug/ 0 . Ou r h o u se ( t h i n e an d in e) .

B arnu kifa i a i
’
, a .
ba l . T hou an d I w i l l ki l l th i s co w .

Forfu rt h er e x a p l e s of t h e u se o f al l per s o n al pr o n o u n s wi t h ver b al

f o r s s ee ta b l e s un d er “
T h e ver b
”

mm
.

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D E M ON S T R A T I V E P R ON OU N
Nu b er an d d i s ti ng u is h e d b y d itl e en t f r s
g e n d er are n o t
'

r o .

T h e fo l l o w i ng is a c o p ar ati ve l is t o f t h e N a b al o i d e o n s trati ve

m m
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pr o n o u n s an d t h o s e o f t h e I l o c an o an d Pangas in an l an g u ag s I a d d

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e .

al s o f o r c o p ari s on t h e w o r ds fo r h ere t h ere

” ” ”
an d
“ “ “
ne w , , ,
“
b e f o re as t h e re o ten e s s b o t h i n s p a ce an d i n ti e s e e s to g o v er n
”
,

t h e u s e o f t h e s e pro n o u n s t h o u g h I c an n ot gi ve preci s e l y t h e fin er ,

s h ad e s i n t h e re s pecti ve e an i ng s o f eac h z
ll

E n g l is h I l o c an o P a 1 ] g asi n a n Na b al o i

T h is ( l ai t o i , i to i s ayan s a id i a i ( s ad i a i ) ,
ia i
T h at d et a i d a i ta i ta i i l a
, , , s a ta n s a ta n , s u t a n , i ta n
T h at ( fa r t h er a way ) d ai d i a i id i a i ,
sa an sa an , i an

H e re d i te i d ia c h i ai , d i ai , sad ia i 1

T h ere d i t a, i d i a i d i ta n ch i t an 1

T h er e ( f a r t h e r a w a y ) s ad i a i di an ch i an I

N ow i ta n a ta n ni an

{ta } koa
B e fo r e
idi ko a ) ni an n u n tan

S ee u n d er
“
A d v er b s a n d ad v e r b ial ex p r es s i o n s .
”

T h e d e o n s tr ati ve pro no un u s e d ad j ect i ve l y prece d e s t h e n o u n an d i s '

c o u pl e d w it h it b y t h e p arti cl e B e s i d e s utu a t h ere ax is t s th fo r s e

su w h i c h is u s e d w i t h o u t t h e c o p u l a a an d i n t h e
,
an n er o f a d e fi n i te
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1 18 TH E N A B A L OI DI A L E U T

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pre s u e d o r w h i c h h as al re ad y b ee n e n ti on e d A b o u t t h e u s e of i ai .

an d i w i th th e d efi ni t e art i c l e s ee u n d er T h e arti cl e “
a

E xa p l es

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?

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m
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3
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.
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1 Or o n e of th e al t e r n at i v e fo r s as p er t a l e b .

TO BE H ER E
I h er e
'

G ua a lt c h ia i (o r di ni ) I
-
-

G ua -
Ira .
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S i lra -

( an S i lva ] ; g u ar d ki t e d i a i Y ou a nd I
S i lu i f o g u a r d d i a i
S i kd t o [ a n s i lca lc .
g u a r d I e d iai He an d I
di }
’
(1 we r e lu ng/ 0 17 c h ua Ye (d ual )
er a n c h u a T h ey ( d u a l )
’
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l 20 TH E N A B A L OI DI A L E CT

I N T E R R OG A T I V E P R O N OU N

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T h e u s e of i n terr ogati ve pr o n ou n s an d of i n terr og at ive d ver b s
‘

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i l l u s trate d i n t h e f ol l ow i ng e x a p l e s :

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?

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/
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’

ai ?
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’ '
t i nu ka l -

o ? W h ich h o r se (or h o r se s ) h av e y o u

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t i nu ka l - -

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-

o an g i n é
-

an ? Why d id y ou not d r in k ?
V g ar a
. to ag -

o a -

wca t c h i b a l ei -

o? W hy d id y o u not g o ho e ?
N g ar a to ag -
oo z wa t chi b a l ei -

o Why d id y o u no t g o ho e y e s e r t
d a y ?
Isa b u a s an ?
N g ura to ag - -
o an u ka l a s a wei a W hy di d y o u n o t b u y a h o r s e w h en y o u
ka b a d y o ne g u a r d -
lea c hi Gu as i n g w e r e i n W a s h i ng o n ? t
t on ?
 m
m
mm
m
m m
m
m
TH E N A B A L OI DI A L E CT 1 21

m
e ari ng i n i nd the exi st en ce i n
R the s p e c ial p r e fi x al e
of

t o d e n ote o w n e nsh i p i t i s b u t n at u r al t h at er W h e h e

m
7
ou q u r
y s o u s i s
“
o

Wh o i s

m
”
thi ? s h o u l d i n t h at d i al ect h e
s
“
th w n er o f thi s h o u s e 3
'
‘ ’

m
c o

m
i ai W h o se i th i ?
’

Se a ke b a l ed -
? h ou s e s s

Nc p a i al M ai ? “ h os e d g i th i
’
as u o s s ?

k i f i th i ?
’

N epai u ka t d a d ai ? \
V h os e n
‘

e s s

N ep a i l

n
'
ka lc a d u b o wg M a i ?
W h os e h t i th i ?
a s s

m
A DV E R B S

m
AN D A DV E R B I A L E X P R E S S I ON S

m
l is t of the U H CO I H U H H l ad ve rb s fo l l o w s ith ex a ple s
w

mm
i l l u s trati ng t h ei r us e an d s h o wi n g al s o ho w so e E ng l i s h ad v er b s

m
ar e r on d c r ed .

m
q ng d u
-

B ei ng t h e fi rs t .

m
N ear l y , al l b ut Jlq -
'

i t B e in g t h e l as t

m
L i ke w i s e I n t th ru

J V N Ch i l e or y : c h i/( J
V ery S ig (S p S 1 1 re l v

m
, .

A li ttl )

m
e g u r o

1” A I so

m
N
'
I ” ,
ug o .

m
t / u N o w , t o d ay -
(I No o re , n o l o ng e r

m
K '
h i1 Y es e rd ay t N ot

m
_ ,

Kn oll }1 s u r e] Th e d ay b e fo r e
y es ter d a v Y ear l y
’
’

ll nuo eu

m
Ke fo r e A n c /I i

m
N :oI . M )I
“

. ,

‘
L on g Ch iu i i l I ere

mm
A ho y/ (1 9 ( l a ( Hu
'
. ag o

m
As n or 71 0 La t er
’
( Is a rrel rt (1 Hu
'
'

T h e re
A ka i a ka i A ft e r w ar d s Ch ita n

m
.
o r ne

So th d ay

m
S a ba d i n Iro n

m
« e o er
'

r ia c ng N o t y et W it h i n
I n th e a ft ( M ( Msp dg
7
i i el o “

m
ern o o n
’
u l b ic L as t n ig h t '
I n i rif ap o u
'
'

On t o p
l W N To rn o r r o w e a r l y A b o ve
“

nras z ,

[ I NI
-

CM , id 1 ? 1 7
{ U n d e r n ea h t

m
Su { in ( I n L as t y ear Ch i 7 2( I i(1 3 1 7 1 1 1 5; A l o ng s i d e
'
i

m
,

m
S al ta bu l r « If N ex on h t t (1 1 1 i ina id i ng c h
'

B eh in d

m
-
. ,

D ai l y ( II I
.
ind il a .

I n th e id d l e

m
Hi cd u n M on h ly t i p i ig On t h e th er s id e

m
m
, o

m
Afa r/ken p iga n .
'
W h ene v e r , a l w ay s B ing a o
'
On l y
J
'

I n g ken
'
ng ar a
'

to e A nyh o w Y es (e p h a i c ) t
I t is
“
s o , as I s ay

A ri g/re) I
"
! W h e r e v er (i pa t i nt l y )
e

ul S ing/ u So in t h e
'

as an To -
o rr o w , as , sa e

B ur a) T h e d ay af er t to w ay as

o r ro w A l ig o u A n eg a ti on c on

- B was lo so e; T he s ec o n d d ay tai n i n g a r e e r~ f
a ft er to -
i n o r ro w en c e to s o eth i ng

. i 1 ( h(l a
3
M uc h di ff er e n t
T oo uc h

1 Ch /

i, chi an , and c lulf a .

ar e co p d os e of th e p ar t i c e l chi (i n to to war d) w hi h c is th e
p Th
,

P K w ll
, .

a n g asi n a n ( d and th e an k a n ai (ii an d i ai , i n a a nd i ta n r es ec ti v el y ey , e as th e

’

, , , as

h d b b gi h ph h th i
.

nin e ot er a v er s e nn i ng wi t chi
,
fo r eu oni c reas o ns o ft en c an g e s c h i a f te r a v o w e l
i nto d w h i h i th p d fl
ix to t h e p di w or d F o r i n s t an c e : Tokal a d i ai ,
’ ’
, c s en ron o u n c e as a s u rec e ng .

co e h ere ; g ua ra d
-

,
’ ’
an , it is t h ere ; g ua ra a
’
a d d asp ag , i t
’
s ee s to b e b e l ow .
 m
m
m
m
mm
mm
m
m
1 22 TH E N A ia
A L oI

mm
E p l c s

mm
I ’
a p as e n g -

o s ig c d . D o ( i t ) wel l .

mm
Is i/ e n a lu a t e i -

I w as on t h e po in t of d y i ng .

K a u a i! N Jo h e r e q u i c kl y

m
: (I . e .

I ng is I o e ( I i nice ) 1 1 0 H e d i d it t h e sa wav
'

e
- / -

. .

A p e t u 71 g h i ( I t is h ot

m
y a e e v e ry

m
. .

K4: ( I d y e 0 0 t i 1: Li ft it up a li ttl e

m
.
.

I bag/ ( i n inn

m
0 a
-

I ri s e s 7“
-
i
nv -
(t n . 1 saw it now .

I na . 1?1 to n
'

I kne w i t b e f o re .

i n ( l a (H z I: ne ( I I: I shall o la t er on

m
g
I

s -

m
N 0 c hi an i 1!
'

t to . He a r r i v ed y e s t er d a y .

B a l ei o i ai 7 I s th i s y o u r h o u se ?
l t is n ot s o ; it i s a d i ff e r en t o ne .

th i f t

m
It n ot s, b ut a d i f er en o ne .

m
th t

m
l l ig oa b e l ei L70 I t is h
’
not (b u t of

m
. n -

. .

y o u s e a so e

m
b o dy el s e )

m
m
I d id n o t s t ea l it
°

b i n a ri nos Ice
’
I ig ou 15 1 n ib e I I b o r r ow e d i t
’
a -

. .

I
'

Ld i b u i e n i a lra 7 Is a b u rt s
' -

I I s h al l v is i t you t o~ or r o w

m
- -
. . .

Iva l a ( Hui o e here

m
- .

A n d a 0 lea
.
.
’
d
’
an -

Go th e re .

A ri c h /i c h a ,
i c h ie f . T he r e is no wa t er he re .

I su ana n -

o ( g/ k e n c h i ni n n
-

. Y ou ay
p t iut th ere .

.
«
i c h an
ce l e {M a g ne t t o -

. H e h as re c e iv ed uch .

b i ng a d
'
e i s as lr o 1 s aw onl y a li ttl e

m
- -

l Tha t i s i n d eed t o o uch

m
ny s a u an s o i n 21

m
e
-

. .

m
Wh il e (N e i (l t o h i q ua H e is r eal l
y d e a d

m
-

.
. .

l ng [ an ~
Ir o 1 1 h av e s ai d ( s o ) al s o .

. ll np : g i n i ( I i
r . T his co es firs t .

m
t

m
V a ri a n t e r a . T h ey ca e l as .

m
1 rt e / 1 37 i ll f/ (l O T h ey h a v e n o t vet ar r i v e d .

A gdu aHu -

sai nt .
( H e is ) no l o ng er sic k .

ty

m
M bl e
’

g l
-
a a
p p a ( e /c Don ou g a b le ; n ev e r ga

m
. . .

A ny /c o n i un a l i ba i (H e ) ne v e r co v is i ti ng ( )

m
es e
p g n
o (l g a -

m
. .

P R E P OS I T I ON S

T h e f o l l o w i ng
ex a pl e s sh o w the i d i o a ti c re n d eri n g in Nab al o i o f
E ng l i s h s e n te n ce s c n tai n i n g p r e p s iti n s o o o . V V h re Na b a l i p re p s it io n s
i- s
o o

o c c u r t h e y a re p ri n te d in l l d fa ee ty p e :

A ch i B e ng u g e f I g o t o B e ng u e t .

A ine
’
d B on g a -

t Le t u s t w o g o t o B e n g u e t .

I ns as -

Id [ /
g o l( iq 1 s aw you wi h t J oh n .
(L it : Of J ohn .
)
Rop
’

e i 71 1 ( d up .
~nI o ? -

\V i h w h o t d id yo u g o ? ( L it . : \V h o
'
as y o u r co
p a n i on ? )

l i r a Ir -
a un -

M IM I no R us t i i -

. T h ey are t
fi g h i ng ag a i n s t h e S p an i a r d s t .

( L i t : T h e
y a
. r e b e i n g fi g h e r s of t h e t
S pan i a r d s ) .

-
as a s u r ” a n g k ad d i ni
.
. I a s ee i ng th t f a ro h er e .

A nu l a iu
’
d
’
7 0 p a t i o /o . T he r iv e r is v i s ib l e f ro t h er e .
 m
m
mm
m
mm
m
m
m
mm
mm
l 24 TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT

m
A n d ac-
Iva/ o n an Kh an c h i b a l ei . I w il l g o h o
. e wi h t J el .

il l a p arn g d u —u lo ( i i / ( L ( M i a i su n (i aJ c c h i I w il l go h o y f t h (eL i t
be f ore a er . .

m
ba lc i I ga i g t b t h o nfi w h g o e e rs o o es

m
- -

w ith l ti t re ay f t h t h on ) o a er o o us e

m
.

m
ft J h ( L it I

m
m
M (L n
i

an u d /
-

ah (l y e c ax a t sun K u an ch i I w il l g h o o e a er o n . . : a

b a l ei .
g i o n
g t b t h l t o w h g e w i t h e as o o es

l ti
re a t J h t h
on ) o o n o ou s e .

ft f t

m
M a n ti vi ra l -

ah dy a an a ai su n (i ah ch i I w il l g h o y h
o e a er a er .

ba lc i

m
.

I hu u q h o -

s un h afni u ai p oo n h e ba h a . I w il l s pe ak t o t h e h ea d an ab o u t the ,

c ow s

m
.

m
mmm
m
I i /cuh a d y o to
’
h -

\
V as I n( ica hat h/ 0 4 0 h u an

m
m
Th e ha t is on th e ( c hic

mm
c h i ( h o w s /u
'

E kud u ho h g g ua r d

m
W as E kud a ho ng g ua rd -

ch i da is d o n ’

H l t H iH H
’

W il l be E h u l a/ ug g i ch i (l a is d u n u s u n wu

T h e ho w: is ( th e {
/ r o u
/

B o w is E [ ud { a ch i (h i d ri i
A rr o w w as E p a ne g ua r d .
ch i ini d ai h i
-

m
Q u iv er w i ll Sa hai ei I o 7

I NHW { a re ch i (h i d u i

m
-

us u w

m
T h e kn if is i n y p oc ket
“

I s in E h uu l a l i eng ko

m
y g ua r d ch i p
-

E ( d u d g ua r d ch i o i /(

m
T h e h o r s e is "

on th e h ill

E ka ba d yo {
/ n a
'

c h i c lu k
E ho h h / o g ua r d .
c h i c h u nf u k o /n

B y t he s t o ne

l 1 2axia s loaa g
,
.
'

h e b ri t o N ea r th e t
s one

I na i t éd t é d n c bd l o
'

U nde r t h e s t o ne

On t h e s t o ne

I n ai p t i g n c b at e B ey o n d t h e
’

s t o ne

Ch i i ri t d p o h e c h a nu On t h e w a t er

Ch i ch
-

un I n the w a ter

Ch i i n a i c iui l e h e c h an u U nd e r t h e w a t e r

TO B E I N TH E H OU S E

I a i n t h e h ou s e

Gu ar a c k ch i b a l ei
Gu a -

lea ch i ba l c i
You a nd I S i lva -

ta n s i lc a lc , g u a r a [vi t a ch i b a l ei
 m
m
mm
m
m
' ‘
l II E

m
m m
He ( or s h e ) N Ufi d / U g txr a c h i b a l e 1
'
‘

He a nd l N i lc d t o t a n s i l k, g u a r d 1 e ch i ba lc i
Ye (d ua l ) Gu a kay o c h u a c h i b a l :

m
T h ey ( d u a l ) G ua er a/ n c hu a ch i ba ld ( A l so

m
.

m m
S i kar a
’
n chua ch i ba l e i
g u a/r a )
-

W e ( y e an d I ) Gu aat
r ay o c h i b l ei a

m
W e ( th ey a n d l ) Gu a [

m
ca e ch i b a le i
Ye ( p l u r al ) Gu a kay o ch i ba l c i

m
m
T h ey ( p l u r al ) Gua er a c h i ba l ed

mm
F or th e p as t t en s e an d fo r t h e f u t u re t ens e

m
i ruxnta n
f
or

m
a ue a re ad d ed at th e en d of th e s en en c e t

m
.

m
CO N J U N C T I O N S

m
m
a
S i k k t an s i loa . I a nd y o u .

A nd ao ak n i a t an Isa b u as an i u l i lc 1 l e av e t o d ay

m
n an d r e t u r n to o r r ow
-
-
.
.

mm m
A n g kc n {I a o i ka Ic an i lc an A l th o ug h y ou sa ( s o) I do not b e l i ev e
y
- -

.
,
,

it

m
A ng ken M ap loo " -
s ty ed Heals i n s e t -
“
. A l t h o ug h I s ea r c h ed w el l , I did n o t s ee

m
(it ) .

m
B a i c h an o ak ( oo ti k
g ken P ay (so et h i ng ) e v en (if it be )

m
e a
- -

.
,
.

l itt le .

a a

m
E atc i 8 i If ( s u pp o s i ng ) you r f at h e r s h ou l d

m
en e

d ie

mm
N M an — an u d u p két a I f y o u l i ke, l e t

m
e o . us g o t o g e t h er .

m
N e a n u c h an n e Ic a b u a s an i lca ka n d a o . I f it r a i n s t o -

orrow I s h al l n ot go .

N e a s as -

ko s uwei a a x ag o as p a l t o g c If I s ee a d ee r I w i l l s h o ot it

m
k0

m
.

m
N e i s i kd i a t -

o as u loa d d t en t o ka - -

. T h e d og w i ll b i t e y o u i f y o u ki c k h i .

N e a n a ké t kay o a n o olc i p a k -

. I W i l l s l ee p i f y o u w i l l b e s t i l l .

m
1 w i l l g o h o e w h en
1
A n d g a c h ak c hi b a l ei ko n e d ino b n h r se i s c au h t

m
y o
g
-

c ha ka b ad y o k .

S i g ed an t u n g a o -

Ic a t ap i na b d é ka '
-

. B et t e r s it d o w n b ec a u s e y o u a r e t i r e d .

N ak -

1 n an
ga 2b t ap na k a -

a n a kd w -
’
. I a g o i n g h u n t i ng b ec a u s e I . a

h u ng r y

m
.

m
A lc o t ai ud nu ‘
-

ko t ap o a k s in a p d e t
- -

. I a an
g r y ( L it . : B ad i nd i ne )
b ec a u se y o u s t r u c k e .

I lea le p i an 71 a ang un t ap M o b s el ak I d o n o t w an t t o e a t be w
a us e I a
'

o re
- - -
- -
.

s a t i s fie d .

I p as t o l -

o e ka b a d y o c hi p ay o u s ai P as t u r e t h e h or se in t he r ic e fiel d in
an t a b d . o r d er t o h av e it be c o e . fat .

Ng ar a to 6 d ag e o so
’

ai ? V V h at d o y o u d o t h a t f o r 3
' ‘

I wd d —k n i l i l n e
' 2
ag t o i I to l d h i t o g o a w ay , b u t he wo ul d
p aa o s u s a o g p an
-

. ,

an g t u n g p a l . not obe y .

A lc a l a ki ta 3
a eh i oh a l Do no t t o u c h i t , l es t y o u b r e a k i t .

N e a loc h eng 6 en c g s i lai f . A te r f i t h a s fi n i s h ed r a i n i ng t h e re w i l l

be s u n s h i ne .

A n d a o ki t a n e a loc h en g e an g o n
/

. L et us g o a f t e r h a v i n g fi n i s h ed ou r eal

1 A n d g ac h ak, o t ti o o f c n rac n o ig o d -
ak

(b t ) d i ff
.

tf o u eren r ne (i f w h en ) .

h l d to b t h
,

3 To 1 o e e sa e as ta n, and .
 m
m
mm
m
mm
mm
26 n N A I A L OI D I A L E CT
' ’

m
m
T H E V E R B

m
m
O R M A TI O N

m
F AND GE N E R AL CH A R A CT E R OF V E RB AL F OR M S

T h e N a b al o i v er b p r es en t s th e s a e f u n d a en tal c h ar ac t er as th e
v er b o f al l t h e o t h r P h il i pp i n e di al ec ts e .

m
mm
D i v e ti n g i t o f th e ag gl u t i n at ed p ar t i c l es w e fi n d a s ker n e l t h e

m
s

r o t w r d t h e b ar e ex p res s i o n o f a s i n gl e i d ea S u c h a r o t i s f o r
o o ,
. o
,

i n s ta n c t h e wo rk as to w r k
”
” ”
d g ean i n g a w el l to d o
“ “ “
e, u -

o s o
, , ,
“
to ake
”
( p a s t t e n s W i t h t h e h e l p o f p a t i c
e l es
,
t h e r

l an g u ag e d e v e l o p ed th es e r o t s i n t o w o r d s w i th o r e s p ec i fi c ean i n g s o

m
,

not b y es t a b l i s h i n g d i sti n c ti o n c o i n c idi ng p r e i s el y wi t h t h at i n

m
a c

m
E ng l i s h b et w en n u n s an d v r b s b u t b y e x p r es s ing t h r o ug h s p ec i al

m
e o e

m
p ar ti c l es th e l s er r el ati n e x is t i ng ac c o r d i n g t o th e s en s e o f th e
c o o
,

s p ee c h b et w een t h ac ti v it y d en o t ed b y t h e r o o t o n o n e s i d e an d t h e
,
e

p er f o r er o t h e o b j t t h e l o al i t y th e i n s t u n t t c f th at
r ec
,
:
,
r e
,
e .
,
o

ac ti o n o n t h e o t h er s i d e T h e w o r d s t o w h i c h t h es p arti c l es h a v e

m
e

m
.

b e n a dd ed a n d w h i c h ex p r es s t h i s r l ati o n ar g i v en t h e c h a ra c t r f
e . e e e o

m
noun b u t t h e y an b e
s o d i fi d as t t i e l i ke v er b s
*
e o .

Th u f r o ab v r o t l g a fo r i n s ta n c e t w f o r s ar e o b t ai n ed :
s, o e o ( o -

, ,
o

m
) W i th p r efi x T h e w o r k er , d o er k er 1
( 1 o
) q g
-

u a

m
,
.

(2 ) W it h s u th x lo g Th e j o f d o i ng ak i n g th e w or k
' '

« -

cu . o b ec t .
, ,
.

The s e n en c et “
I ake a h o u se ”
an
*
be d o u b l y ex p r es sed :

m
M a ke r I of a h o us e A ho use th e w o rk of e

A k er ) ( g/ Ira , w as w o r k )
7

( P a s t t en s e : r
1

ing/ o , w as a P as t t e n s e : D i n

m
T h e q u es ti o n as to w h ic h o f t h es e t wo fo r s i s to b e d use in an y

c as e i s d ec i d ed by th e ac c e n t th e s p eaker is la y i ng ei t h e r on th e
c i rc u t
s an c e o f h is b e i ng oc c u p ied as one wh o b u il d s o r on t h e o b j ec t
v it y f ro fol l owin g ti o n s

m
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as q u e s

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an d a n s w e rs :

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N gu in u l og a 1 9
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f an I g ( a o 71 c onl ei
W h t a w o r ke r vou ?
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Wo k I r er of ho us e

q n to ( al g/ (31 L o B u l ei c [so
'

W h t a th e w o rk of y o u ? H o u se th e w o rk of e

The r i n w h i c h th e r el ati o n exi s ti n g b et w een

an n e th e v er b al f r o

a n d a n t h e r p a r t o f t h e s en t en c e i s a c c n t u at e d b y s p e c ial zn t ic l es i s
'

p
'

o e

i l l u s t r at e d f u r t h er i n t h e f l l o w i n g e x u n p l es
'

o z :

R oot, . ll -

a, T o F ET CH 2

l ’
as t , in lu )

“
to b e th e w o k do r e r, er a ke r .C p foo t o t to
”
o a re n e ex a pl es u n d e r
“
The ar ti l c e .
”

t o ly h i to f t h b t l o h w i d of g l i h to
,

” ”
t and En g et
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2 Al h as t
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o no n e ea n ng e c u a s e e v ag u e o n e s

ph li g p il
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in ke et
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1 28 TH E Na no l D I A L E CT

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it i n d efi n it e ar t ic l e G i v en th e r oo t b i o t a t o kil l 1 ki l l a
h as t h e .
, ,
“
.

d o g w o u l d b e [W i n t a u a lr we s a xc i o as u ( L i t : K i l l er I o f a d o g
” -
” “

m
r
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p r es en t o r f u t u r e ) b u t I ki l l t h i s d o g ( t h i s e p h as i z ed ) i s
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,
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i — K i l l i n g o b j ec t i n e t h i s d o g p r es en t o r
” “

m
u .

m
,

I n b o t h as es h o w e v er t h e e p h as i s c an b e s h i f t ed aga i n t

m
, ,

b v a v et s t r o n g er ac c en t u ati on o f t h e o t h er p ar t :

m m
S t tacei a as u 6 b lt l t tl f? t a li g oa sa t e)? ( I i ne xa c t
'
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A d og t h e k i ll i ng o bj t i
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m m
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H ow d en o t in g n o t an a c ti v it y b u t a t h i n g ay b e g i v en v er b al
a s e t .

f o r c e h as al r ea d y b een s h o w n u n d er t h e h ead in g R o o t s an d p ar ti c l es “

T h e f o l l o w i n g ar e i n s t an c es o f t h e v e r b a l i z ati o n o f r o o t s s i g n if y i n g
.

s u b s t a n c e w i t h t h e h el p o f t h e p r efi x y : K in w o od , 9
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t h ey al l h a v e o f aggl ut in ati v e p ar ti c l es o f v ar i o u s ean i n g s c o u p l ed ,

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e o e e z o o

o n es Th ey ay f u rt h er n t b e appl i ed at w i l l t an y an d al l r o ot s

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I n t h e t ab l e f o l l o w i n g t h s e x pl an at o r y r e ar ks w i l l b e f o u n d t h e

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c o n j u g ati n o f t h v er b to p l an t e a l Th i s v er b t o e p h asi e t h e
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,
z

o b j ec t d o es n o t t ake t h e s u ffi x ea o r
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b u t t h e p refi x w h ic h i n t h i s
c o b i n at i o n s i g ni fi es t h e ac ti o n ex p res s d b y t h e r o o t as ex ec u t e d at o ra
—
r

w ith o r w i t h r el ati o n t o t h e o b j e c t i n q u es t i o n I a sa lu o i a i a M a L et
“
:
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t h i t r e b e th o b j ec t at ( r w i t h ) w h i c h y o u e x ec u t e t h e o p e r ati n f
s e e o o o

mm
p l an ti n g , p l an t t h i s t r ee
” ” “

m
.

Th e a n n e r i n w h i c h th e r o o t a s w el l a s th pa rti c l ay b aff ec te d . e e e

p h o n e t i a l l y t h r u g h t h
t e agg l u ti n a ti o n t h a t i t h e i
o r t e n d en c y t o e l t —
s,

i n to a h e c al r atl v h a v e b e n n o ti c ed i n th e u s e o f t h e p r fi x e e e

u ng w h i c h ,
as s h w n f r s o g e
,
nt i o ,
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/

s:

B f e o re a t h e p refi x un
g re a i n s u n c h a n g e d un
g
-
« lo
B f e o re b t h e n o d i s a p p ear s , h a v i n g c o n er ted v o ur -
un ” ,

(
ro o t , Mo )
t h e I; of th e root i n to I n
Bef o re d th e no i s r ed u c ed to n H ar -
d ag “ ,

B f e or e Is t h e
:

as s i n i i l at es t h e Ir
'

of th e r o ot owg n g ta -

( roo t , H a
.

I c o n en t t V s el f w ith p o i nt n o u t t h es e l ett e r c h an g es as
'

th ev occ u r
in th e ex a p l s u s ed b y e w it h u t att e p t i ng to s t a b l i s h
e
,
o e an y ru l es .

1 C o p a re a s lo[ at a balsa c bz -

ai n a t (o r n an ) K uc : T h is c ow is J oh n s
’
ki ll i g o bj t
n ec .
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T I 1 19 N A J A L OI ’
nrA L iceT 1 29

I E N SE S
' ‘
() N

I n v er b al fo r s l ike th o s e p re s e nt ed at th e b eg i n n i n g o f th i s se cti on

l g c n, e id e d l l ) it d
i

( u r
g a a (t
p a n n et c not

m
, g u aa ,
. is .
c

w heth t h e ac ti o n i s t o t ake p l a ce n o w p re e nt l y
er at o l at r ti ,
s
,
or s e e e .

I f th i s i s n o t t o b e u n d er s t o o d f r o t he s e n s e o f t h s p eech it u s t b e e

ad cl i t eb y a d d i n g s u c h w o r d s as
‘
t I
‘

n ew ; l ate n; ( o a, r o

to v etc The rang e o f th i s i n d e fin ite ten s e i s l i it e d

-

,
.

b y the exi s te n ce of o n l y t w o o ther te n s e s :

m
( 1 ) A c o n ti n u a tive s i g n i f i
y g n th a t the a cti o n h a a l r d y b e g u n a n d ,
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i s sti l l p rog re s s i n g Thi s i fo r d ( s ee the fo l l wi ng t ab l s ) with . s e o e

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f or v er b al fo r s e p h as izi n g t h e o bject l o c al i ty etc , ,
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( 2 ) A p as t te n s e f o d w ith p r e fi x

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,

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F or Co n t i n u at i v e t en s e
P res e n t o r f u t u re
P as t t en se
tens e

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p l

m
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u nu a k 3
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" a -

a unu a - 1
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l ~ka a nu n -

ka

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Th i d p r e rs o n s i n g u a r l T o ka -

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Fi t p rs ers o n pl u ra l K a e ka a rn a — unu a unu ka e a u nu ka e i‘

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ec o n e rs o n pl l u ra “ K ayo ka a a -

un u a u nu ka v o a u nu ka y o
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p

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1 ( ) r nak a un i t
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Or n o t: a

m
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T o a v o i c u b e rs o e re e t i t i o n I g i v e n o n y t h e c l us i v e t h e i n c us i v e a nd th

m
3 e u ra : u ra
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ua a r e o b t a i n e b y si l y s u b s t i t u t i n g ta g/ o o r Ir i ta , r es ec t i v e y f o r Ira "
or e o f t h e p a ra
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4 0 t h er f o r s: N a ak e tc and in n ak e te as t t e n s e o f t h e c o n t i n u a ti v e fo r )

m
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-

. .
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m
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O B J E CT E M l I I A S l Z E I )
’

Fi t p rs e rs o n s i n g u l ar “ N a -

k a —p a n b u n u a -

b u n u i n lw - l b in uk

dp
S ec o n e rs o n s i n g u a r l I o ~ka p a n —b u n u a
l\ -
b unu in n - l
‘

b in u

Th i d p l
I

l o —ka p a n b u n u a b u n u i n to b u n u ~to
' ‘
r e rs o n s i n g u ar - - o

Fi t p rs e rs o n pl u ra l lVI e —
ka pa n b u n u a - -
b un uin— e ( ka e ) hi nu -

dp
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b u n ui n d y o -

b in u d -

yo

Th i d p r erso n pl l u ra
‘
h a k a p an l - - -

n ua b u n u in -

eh a b in u -

eh a

l p e ra t i v e b w in -

1 Th oug hp ro n o u n c e db u nu i n , th e x
s u ffi is re a ll y en , no t in .
9 U se b un a i and h .

1 Th ese p a r ti c l es lea p a n i f c o n n e c t e
-
d w i th v er b l f
a or s h a v i ng t h e su fli x o r an c h a ng e t h at

s u ll i x i n to a: l ong/ ( i n t o y o in t o n u p f i q i ry : c o n t i n u a ti v e. e ta -

p un -

ko , t h e
p d h h
,

erso n v i s i te by e ; n a ka p a n cul t/ it t - -

. R oot, hu a n] , to sh ift a . o rs e to a no t er p a s t u re ;
I g iI '
-

k0 , t o b e t h e o j
b ec t o f suc h a c t io n of ine ; c o n t i n u a t i v e , l l tt
’
-
ACL p a fl b ug
‘
-

i .

M an I s us p ec t to b e th e p as t o f th e c o n t i n uat i v e fo r ka -

.
1 30

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A G E N T E M 1 H A S I Z E l)
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l sa l ’

,
To PL A NT

mm
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or fu t u re
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m
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a a n as a k a n as a k a k n a n as a k a k
dp
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ka n a n as a k -

ka
Th i d p
r e rs o n s i n g u a r l T o ka -

a a n asa k an asak -

to n a n as a k -

to

m
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rs t pl l K a i n e ka k a n as a k ka

m
e rs o n u ra a a n a sa e n a n as a k k a e

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.
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m
- - - - -
. .

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m
r e r so n s i n g u a r T o ~k a p a n i as a k i as ak t o i n sa k t o

m
m
c

m
- - -

p pl

m
Fi rs t e rso n u r al M e—k a p a n i as ak - -
i as a k -

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I ne

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m
ec o n ers o n u ra - - - -

Th i d p
r e rs o n pl l u ra
“

( th a ka p a n i as a k
- - -
i as a k -

cha i ns a k eh a 1

m
-

mm
mm
m
I p er a t i v e , i as ak -
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m
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in a s a k ko , -
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mm
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T o CA U S E ro
'
KI LL

m
to o t , B ,
To K I LL
A GEN T EM I H A SI Z EI) ’

m
P

m
F or Co n t i n u a t i v e t en s e
r es e n t o r f u t u re
P

m
as t te n s e
t en s e

m
F i rs t er s o n s i n g u l a r N a ka -

a an pa u nu a pa un u ak -

n an p a u nu ak -

S dp
ec o n e rso n s i n g u a r l Ka k a -

a an pa unu a pa u n u —ka na np a unu -

ka
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r e rs o n s i n g u a r l T o ka a an pa un u a pa un u to -

nan p a u n u —t o

Fi t p pl l K

m
ka ka ka

m
rs e rs o n u ra a e a an pa un u a pa unu e na np a u nu e

dp
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I p er a t i v e , a p abi u -

ka

I A l so i p a w u a n a lt , e t c
-

OB J E C T E M P H A SI Z E D

Fi t p
rs e rs o n s i n g u a r l N a -
ka p ab u n u -

pab unu k i p ab u n u k
dp
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p ab u nu i p ab u n u
Th i d p
r e rs o n s i n g u a r l _ T o —ka p a b u n u -

pab u n u to
-

i p ab u n u
-

to

Fi p
rs t ers o n pl u ra l M e ka ~p a b u n u
-

p a b u n u — e i p ab u r e

S dp
ec o n er s o n pl l u ra I) y o -

k a ~p a b u n u p a b u n u —d
yo i p ab u n u
-

d yo
Th i d p
r e rso n pl lu ra Ch a k a ~
pa h u n u
-

pa b u n u eh a
-

i p a b u n u — h
e a

I p er a t i v e , p ab a n u
1 32

mm
mm
m
m
TH E N A B A L OI DI A a r
'

m
m
R oo t ,
A s a k, T o P L ANT

A GE N T E M P H A SI Z E D

P r esen t o r f u t u re
P

m
m
11 or Co n t i n u at i v e t e n s e as t t en s e
t en s e

m
Fi p
rs t e r s o n s i ng u a r l l
A i g na n a ka a -

a n as a k i ka k a n as a k i ka k a n as a k

S dp
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a an as a k ag -
ka a n as a k ag -

ka a n as ak

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r e r s o n s i ng u ar l A l ig n a to -
ka a a n as a k ag -
to a n as a k ag t o a n as a k
-

Fi t p
rs e rs o n pl u ra l A l ig na k a ne r ka a an ag -
ka e a n as a k ag -
ka e a n asa k

m
m
a s ak

S dp
ec o n ers o n p l u ra L A l ig u a k a y o ka a a n as ak ag -

k ayo an as a k ag -
k ay o a n as a k

m
Th i d p
r e rs o n pl u ra l l
A ig na era ka a a n as a k ag era
-

a n as a k a g e ra a n a sa k
-

I p e ra t i v e , d a ka
-

an as ak

N or a — T h e fo reg o i n g n o t e a pp l i es e q ll y
ua to t hi p
s a ra d ig .

m
mmm
0 B J E CT E M I H A S I Z E I ) ’

F i rs t p er s o n s i ng u l ar A l ig na na .
-
kap an -
i as a k ag -
k o i as a k ag -
k o i n as a k

S dp
ec o n e rs o n s i ng u a r l A l ig na o -
k p a an -
i a sa k ag -

o i as ak ag -
o i n asak
Th i d p l A l ig

m
r e r s o n s i n g u ar na t o -

ka p a n i as a k ag -
to i asa k ag t o
-
i n a sa k

Fi t p
rs ers on pl u ra l A l ig na e -
kap a n ~i asa k ag -
e i as a k ag -

e i n as ak
S dp
ec o n e rs o n pl l u ra . . A lig na d y e ka -
p an -
i asa k ag -
d y o i as a k ag -
d y o i n as ak
Th i d p
r e rs o n pl l u ra A l ig na c h a -
ka p an -
i as a k ag c h a
-
i as a k ag c h a
-
i n asa k

m m
m
mm
m
p

m
‘

I e rat i v e , ag -

o z as ak

THE P A SS I V V E O I CE

13 To KI LL

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,

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mm
ll d (p h

mm
ki I w as e r
For
I a
f u t u re t en s e ) , e t c
e r es en t o r
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.

m
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mm
rs e rs o n s i n g u a r M ab u n u a k -

ab u n u ak -

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ab u n u -

ka
Th i d p
r e rs o n s i ng u a r l M ab u nu t o -
ab u n u -
to

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e ab u I -
ka e

S dp
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ah un u -
k ayo

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r e rs o n pl l u ra M ab u u e ra -

a b u n u e ra -

M a lnn -
a k ne . l arl x un I s h al l b e k i l l ed t o -

o rr o w .

G ua s rl at ei ( I (0 0 ( da rn/ u T h e re i s a an ki l l ed .

A n o ther re n d eri ng o f the pas s ive v o i ce a n d o n e ap

p z I r en t l
-

y o re in
u s e i s a cc o r d i n g t o the f ol l o w i ng ex a p le s :

Ol w lc ku
- g

p a abu T h ey ar e ki l l i ng e; o r, I a b ei ng ki ll ed b y h e t .

Cha ka l
- - -

p
-

I I T h ey a re k i l l i ng y o u ; or , y o u a r e b e i n g ki l l ed b y
th e .

Ch a Ire
-
'

e -
l a p a ub
'
-
'

raa T h ey ar e k il li ng us ; or, we ar e b ei n g ki l l ed b y t h e .

Ch a ka p
- -
[
v u/ 1 su n s ilcar a , ,
T h ey are kill in g th e ; or, t h e y are b ei n g ki ll ed b y
th e .
 m
m
mm
m
mm
1 3)
c)

m
TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT o

m
P A ST T E N S E

B ta un ( t-
"
-
c ha ak
-
T h e y ki l l ed e; or, I w as ki l l e d b y h e t .

m
Bi r r c h o s un s tkate T h e y ki ll ed h i ; o r h e w as ki l l e d b y he t

m
-

, .

B i) n u c h d s u n si lra y o
-
T h ey ki l l e d y o u ; or , y o u w er e ki l l ed b y th e .

m
CON J U G A T I ON ()F T R A N SI T I V E V ER BS

t K a l b ig T o ST R I K E

m
R oo , , WITH . TH E F I sT

ph iz d j ph iz d

m
A g en t e as e Ob ec t e as e

m
I a s tr i ki ng wi th th e fi st , c tc . I s b ei ng s tr u c k by e wi th th e fis t, etc .

N a -
ka a a n g al b i g
-
N a k a p a n kal b i g a
- -

mm
Ka ka -
a a n g al b
-
ig M o k a p a n ka l b ig a
- -

T o ka -
a a n g al b ig
-

T o ka p a n k a l b i g a
- -

K a e ka a a—
n g al b i g M e ka p a n ka l b i g a
- -

K ay o ka a a n g al b i g
-
D y e —k a p an k a l b i g a -

E ra k a a a n g al b i g Ch a k a p an kal b i g a
- -

I s tr u c k w i th th e fi s t , etc . Wa s str u c k by e wi th th e fi s t, c tc .

A n g al b i g ~a k K i na I b i g k o 1 -

A n g a l b ig k a -

K i nal b i g -
o

A n g al b i g t o -

K i na b i g to l -

m
A n g a l b i g ka e K i n al b i g -

A ng al b i g k a y o K i n al b i g d y o -

A n g al b i g er a K i na l b i g -

ch a

m
I s tr i ke w i th th e fis t (p res en t or f u t ar e) etc I s s tr uc k by e wi th th c fis t p r esen t o r f u t ur e)
-

, .

M a n g al b ig -
ak Ka l b i g e n k 0 -

M an g al b i g k a -

Ka l b i g en -
o

M ang al b i g t 0 -

K a l b i g en t 0 -

M an g al b i g k a e K al b i g e n -
e

M an g al b i g k ay o K al b i g e n d y o -

M an g al b i g era K al b i g en -

ch a

mmm
1 l p d kt ni l b i g ko

m
A so r o n o unc e
-
-

m
.

m m
”

m
Co nj ug a ti o n f th e tr a ns it ive ver b, r o o t ko l b ig ( ik h h ) i bj ec t
“
o to s tr e w it t e fis t ,
w th o

ex p r ess ed by a p er s rjn t p r o no un

1 a s t ri k i ng I s t ru c k I s t ri k e

Th ee t a k a ka p an kal b i g a ki n a I b i g ta k a
-

ka l b i g e n t a k a -

Hi na ka p an ka l b i g a s u n s i kato ki n a l b i g k o -
s u n s i kato kal b i g en k o -
s u n s ikato

Y ou t a k a y o ka p an kal b i g a k i n a l b i g ta k a y o
-
k al b ig e n ta ka y o -

Th e na k ap an k a l b i g a s u n s i ka r a ki na l b i g k o -
era ; o r, ka l b i g e n ko -

er a

k i n al b ig ko -
s u n s i k ar a

Th o u a r t s tr i k i n g Th o u s t r u ek es t Th o u s t r i k es t

Me o ak k ap an k al b i g a k i nal b i g -

o ak kal b i g en -
o ak

Hi o p
k a an k al b i g a s u n s ik é t o ki n a l b i g -
o s u n s i kat o k al b i g en -
o su n s ikat o

Us o ka e ka p an kal b i g a ki na l b i g -
o ka e k al b i g en -

o ka e

Th e o era ka p an kal b i g a ; or , e k i nal b i g -

o er a ; o r, k al b i g en -
o su n s i k ara
ka p an ka l b i g a su n s i kara k i n al b i g -
o s u n s i k ar a
1 34

m
m
mm
mmm
m m
TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT

m m
C qjug a f io n 0 f th e f jl us if i ?
w rb ,
-

r oo t ka l b ig ,
”
eta —
Co n in u ed t

m
. .
,

m
H e is st r i k i n g H e s t ru c k He s t r i k es

Me t o ak k ap a n k a l b i g a k i na l b i g t o -
ak ka l b ig e n t o -
ak

Th ee t o ka ka p an k al b i g a ki n a l b i g t o k a -
k al b i g e n t o k a -

Hi to k ap an k al b ig a su n s i k at o k i n al b i g t o -

s u n s i kz i to
’
k al b i g e n t o -

s u n s i kat o

p k l b ig

m
Us to k a e ka an a a ki n al b i g —t o ka e k a l b i g en t o k a -

mm
k yo k p o

m
Y ou to a k l b ig a an a a ki n al b i g t o k a v o -
k al b i g en t o k ay -

Th e to k p
era k l b ig a an a a; o r, to k i n al b i g to -
er a ; or, kal b i g en to -
er a ; or ,

k p k l b ig
a an ik a a su n s ara k i n al b i g to -

su n s i k a r a k al b i g en t o -

s u n s i kar a

W e a r e s t ri k i n g 1 We st r u c k We s tri ke

Th ee e ka k ap an ka l b i g a ki n al b i g -
e ka k al b i g e n -
e ka

Hi e ka p k l b ig
an a a s u n s i kat o ki n al b i g -
e s u n s i k at o k al b i g e n -

e s u n s i kfnto

m
Y ou ka yo k p k an al b ig a ki na l b i g ka yo ka l b ig e n ka y

m
e a -
e -

o o

m
Th k p k al b ig a ; k i nal b i g kal b i g en

m
e e er a a an or, e -

e e ra -

e e ra ; o r,

k a p a n k al b i g a s u n s i k ara k al b i g e n -
e su n s i kar a

Y ou a r e s t r i k i ng Y ou k Y ou s t ri ke

m
s t ruc

mm
Me d yo k k p a a an kal b i g a k i n al b i g d y o -
ak ka l b i g en —d y o ak

d yo k p k

m
Hi a an al b i g a s u n s i kat o k i n al b i g d y o -
s u n s i kat o k a l b i g en d y o -
s u n s i k at o

Us d yo ka e ka p an ka l b i g a ki nal h i g d y o ka e k a l b i g en d y o ka e

m
- -

Th e d yo e ra k ap an ka l b ig a ; or, d ye k i na l b i g d y o -
er a ; o r , ki ka l b i g e n —
d yo er a ; or ,

k ap ka l b ig a s u n s i k a ra nal b i g d y o s u n s i ka r a k al b i g en d y o s un si ka

m
an - -
ra

m m
Th ey ar e s tr i k i n g 3 Th ey s t r u c k Th ey s t ri ke

mm
m
Me c h a ak ka p an kal b i g a ki n al b i g -

c h a ak k a l b i g en c h a -
ak
' ‘
l h cha ka k a p kal b i g a ki nal b i g ~c h a ka k a l b i g en ch a ka

m
ee an -

m
p

m
Hi ch a ka an k al b ig a s u n s i k ato ki nal b i g c h a s u n s i k at o ka l b i g en c h a -
s u n s i k at o

Us cha k ap k l b ig e ka an a a k i nal b i g cha ka e k a l b i g en ch a ka e

mm
- -

Y ou ch a k yo k p k l b ig k i nal b i g eh a ka yo k a l b i g en cha ka yo

m
a a an a a - -

Th e ch a k p k l b ig
a an ik a a sun s ara ; k i n al b i g eh a s u n s i k a r a ka l b i g en c h a s u n s i k a ra

m
- -

m
o r, c h k p k l b ig
a e ra a an a a

1 Th ou a n d
I , we S i ka tan s i ka , k i ta k
He and I , w e S i kat o t a n s i ka e k ,

Ye a nd I , w e S i ka ) 0 t a n s i k a k , t a y o
Th
ey a n d I , w e S i ka ra t a n si ka , e k
’
d l
Y o u ( u a ) s i kay o n c h u a
’

Th l
-

o
. .
3
ey (d u a ) , s i ka n chua , ch a
’

N oT E T h e n e u t ra r o n ou n lp
i t i s g e n er a y n o t e r ess e :
”
D i d h e s t r i k e t h e e tt e r w i t
“
ll xp d “
l h th e
h hl t
-
. .

k
_
” ”
fis t ? ( K i l b i d t ? Y h i O ki l b i ki l
’
“
n a g to e s u a ) es ; e s t r u c t ( n na g to o r n a b z g
—to
so , i n w i c as
q l
'

h
- -

.
,
”
c as e s o i g t b e t h e e u i v a en t o f it )

Fu r ther ar i fli lc s o
f tr a ns iti ve

[V a kap a n Ir
-
a] I inap a i
'
’

.
(a ) ting b adI a ea re .

fif e kap a n k
-
ti nap u i
-

.
( )
b Y a ting b d ou r e ea r ea .

S ika tan i ka k, tag/ 0 kegM

s
-

ka r '

. trau ai
/

. Y nd I ti n g b
ou a ar e ea re ad .

fife kap a n
-
l a a f in al i u i .
.
( )
d W t i ng b d
e ar e ea r ea .

Gl u t kay o ) l a
-
. a ti zp
’

.
( ) T
a h y t i n g b e d ar e ea r ea .

T h e p as tt
en s e o f t h e c o n i n u a i e o r t tv f I w tin g b d as ea r ea .

e p h a s i Z i n g t h e o b e c t c a n t o y kn o w l j Y w ti g b d ou e r e ea n r ea .

ed g e b e r en d e r ed o n l y b y ad d i n g n/ u ntt ,
'

Y an d I w ou ti g b er e ea n r ea d .

ean i n g
“
so e ti e ag o ,
”
t o t h e p r es W w e ti n g b e d er e a r ea .

en t t en s e as g i v en in s en en c es t Th y w ti n g b d
e er e ea r ea .
 mm
m
m
mm
m
mm
m
m
m
mm
1 36 TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT

To be h u ngr y

mmm
m
mm
I a h u ng r y I w as h u ng r y I wi ll b h e u ng r y

m
I

m
n a ka a -
an a k an g n a a k an g ak -
aa k a n g a k

Y ou ka ka -
a a n a kan g n a a kan g -
ka aa k a n g -
ka
Th ou a n d I si k a t an si kak ka a an si ka t an s i ka k ,
na s i ka t an si k ak , a

a k an g

m
a k an g ki t a a ka n g ki t a

m
He s i kato a an a k n g ; a o r, n a a k an g t o -
aa k a n g -
to
a an a k a n g t o

mm
-

mm
.

m
He an d I s i kato t an s i k a k ka a an s i kat o t an si k ak ,
na s i k at o tan si k ak , a

m
ak an g k an g k a e
a a ka n g ka e

d l) k ay o n aak a n g k ay o a c h u a h

m
Ye ( ka a akan g a ak a n g k ay o a c

mm
m
ua an a ua

m
c ua

Th (d l ) h h h

m
a a ka n g e r a n c
’
s i ka ra n n aa k an g era n c
’ ’
ey ua c ua a an ua ua

a k ang ; o era ka r, a an

a k ang a c h u a

m
W e (y e an d I ) s i ka tay o ka an a k a n g si kat ay o n aa kan g s ik at a y o aak an g

m
a ; or, ; or ,
n aa k a n g t ay o a a k an g t ay o

m
We ( t hy an d I ) s i ka ka an a ka n g n aak ang ka e a ak a n g ka

m
e e a e

Ye ( pl l ) u ra ka yo k a a an ak a ng aak an g k ay o aak an g ka y o
Th ey s i kara a an aka n g ; o r, n aak a n g er a aa k an g e ra

e ra ka a an a k an g

h h

m
m
A an akang s i Ku an J o n is u ng ry

m
,

A an a kang c ka ba d y o , T h e h ors e is h un g ry

m
m
N OT E — I II al l
f or s akang l pis a so ron o u n c e d ag c g I n n a ka a an akan g t h e ka i s os t ly
p d pp l t l l p h
-
.

m
ron o u n c e aza; t h e s a e a i es o a a ra d i g s w er e n a ka a a n o c c u rs
-

F ur th er ecu np l cs o f i n tr a nsi tiv e v er bs

m
t

m
t an ni n g I s an d i ng a n d l o o ki n g
’

N a ka lu

m
-

a an en g -
ng . a .

m
1 loa nen g t o t c — -

n i ng
'

ng t o -

. H e w as s t a n d i ng an d l o o ki n g .

N a -

ka a an t u n g a o t an a a n g an -

. I a si tti ng a n d e a ti ng .

m
tt i ti

m
1 , tz g ao
-

t o t an a n d n g a n -
. H e w as si ng and ea ng .

I n a/ n Ic c en g -

to t an to ka p an d l i an H e w as t
s a n d i ng an d h o l d i ng a .

g u n .

m
s oare i a p l ic y
'
. o .

[ H ol iu -

t o p a l t og . H e h el d a g u n .

I n s i l i p t o p a l i ng -

. H e po in t ed a g u n .

[ Ica n e ng t o -

t an t o kap an
-
{s i l ty} H e w as s t a n d i ng and p o i n ti ng a g u n .

p a l t o
g .

E aa n a k {
’

a g is -
t an an d n g a/n -

. T h e b o y w a s c r y i ng a n d e a i n g t .

Si K a an a at t an a an g n g i s i u . Jo h n i s w a l ki n
g a n d W h i s l i n g t .

A c t ay a b e a
p y a d . T h e b ir d is fli
y gn .

A e lou l i c h ap e n l oeg . T he s n a ke is c r a w l i ng .

A c 11 570 4700 4 6 73 . T h e fis h i s swi i ng

A an b ri d al , e asu . T h e d og i s b a r ki ng .

A nn an /
n g i d ig n i e ka b ad y o . T h e h o r s e i s n e i g h i ng .

A an n g i g i d
,

( or a an as c l ) c p u wa o . The e ag l e is s c r ea i ng .

A e n n g a kn g a k e b a kb d wn . T he f g i
ros c r o a ki ng .

A en / M i ng 6 p o d i o kan . T he b ee i s h u i ng .

N a Il ra -
a an as c l .
I a t l ki g a n .

[ na n as e l a k -
I w as t l ki g a n .

N an as e l -

ak .
I h av et lk d a e .

l I an g as e l
.
-
-

a k as an e . I w il l t l k a .
 m
m
m
m
m
m
mm
mm
TH E N A B A L OI . D I A L E CT 1 37

m
[ n an as c l ka-

nu n t t . Y o u w e re t a l ki n
g .

S tkd t o a a n as c l H e is t a l ki n

m
g
.
.

S i K e an l J oh n is t a l ki n

m
a an a s c .

g .

N a -

lca a an
’

ng i s .
‘
I a cr i
y gn .

1 71 c n ang i s ak I w as c r y in

m
g
- -

.
.

N a nn i n g i s a k
'
-
. I h av e c r i ed .

M ar an g i s a h -

as an c I w il l c ry .

m
M an ni a g is -

ka . Y o u w er e c r y i ng .

S i b at o a a n n an g i s . H e is c ry i n
g .

m
A a n n a n g i s 8 73 K u a n . J oh n is c ry in
g .

m
N a -
lca a an b a d eu I a s i ng i n
g .

[ n a n b a d eu ak I w as s i ng i n
g
-

. .

m
an b a d e u a k I h av e sun
g
-

. .
.

M an b a d eu -
ak a s an e I w il l s in
g .

m
[ n a n b a d ea ak Y o u w er e s i ng i n
g
-

. .

m
N an b a d eu ka -

. Y o u h av e s u ng .

S i kd t o a an b a d en . H e is s i ng i n
g .

S i Kuc a an b a d e“ . J ohn is s i n i ng
g .

Si Kuc Ic e l d ia u J oh n is s h ou ti

m
a an . ng .

N lca I s h ou ti

m
a -

a an Ic c ld i a u . a ng .

1 Ic e l d i au -

ak . l was sh outi nO
‘
.

N a n ke l d i a u a k -

. I h av e s h o u ed t .

m
Ma n g lcc l d i a u -

a k a s an c .
I w il l sh ou .

m
1 Ioc l d i a u Is a Y o u w er e s h ou ti ng

m
. .

S i lc d t o a an Ic e l cl i a u H e is sh ou ti ng .

J ti

m
S i K u an h e l d fa n oh n is sh ou

m
a an /
. ng .

N a -

ka a an t u tz i b o . I a w h i s per i ng .

m m
[ tu td bo -

ah . I w a s w h i s p e r i ng .

m
N a ntu td bo -

ak .
I h a v e w h i s p e r ed .

M an t u t z t b o I w i l l w h i s pe r
’
-
a k a s an e . .

[ n a n t u t b o Iva fl . Y o u w er e w h i s pe r i ng .

m
S i kd t o '

a an -
tu td b o . H e i s w h i s pe r i n g .

Si Ku a n a an -

t u t ti b o . J ohn i s w h i s p er i n g .

mm
N a Ic a -

a a ng i ng i -

.
I a l a u g h in g .

I n a n ng i n g i -

ak .
I w a s l a u g h i ng .

N an i ng i -
a ls . I h a v e l a ug h e d .

I w i l l l a ug h
'

zl I zg ngi n 1 q a s an c
9
-

. .

1 71 c -

ng i n g i Iva Y o u w e r e l a u g h i ng .

S i lvd t o l
i
g ng i
a l n a ra
/

-
/

. I l e i s l au g h i ng .

S i Ii
'

ua n a a ng i n g i -

. J oh n i s l a u g h i ng .

N a ka -

a a a n g i d a la
r -

.
I a s i l i ng .

[ ang i d ah -

.
I w as s i l i ng .

. lI an
-

an g id
/ -

a It; a s an e-

.
I w il l s ile .

1 a ng i d -

ka . Y o u w er e s i l i ng .

S i kd t o a a— ang i d .
H e is s i l i ng .

S i K u an -

a a -

an g i d . J oh n is s i l i ng .

N at -

Ira a an a lca d .
I a w a l k i ng .

I n a n a ka d a k
-
-

.
I w a s w a l ki ng .

N an a ac h
’
a le . I h a v e w a l ke d .

Man a k(tr —a Io . I w il l w al k .

"
I o ff
’
A n d x a oh a k, or an d k ak . a .

I ru c h a d Ira -
. Y o u w e r e w a l ki ng .

1 Th e ro o t w or d i d i ff
s er en t ly h d ear as n ang is o r n i ng i s .
 m
1 38

A
S i li

m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
-

m
S i kd t o
S i K u an
A

m
m
S i K u an
A

m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
.

.
a n a a d u na i

'

an
u axn a
'
( i rn an

b u b t i ll ;

d d to k
-

a
v
a n a ka d

wng
an

8i
0
(Hea d

lou l p o t
Ic u l p o t

ng is i u

bu b ti k
I f u an
.

.
.

.
.
TH E N A B A L OI

J
The
T he

J
J
oh n
DI A L E CT

H e i s w a l ki ng
i s w a l ki n g
c l o ud

c l oud

J o h n i s w h i s l i ng
o h n is r u n ni n

o hn
g
is j u
i s d ri
is
t
i
p gn
fl i
y g n
.

fti

.
.

.
.
ng

(
( sl o w l y )
f t)as .
.

mm
A ru a lea d e ka b a d y o T h e h o r s e i s w a l ki ng

m
-
.

A -

c bu b t ik e ka b a d y o . T h e h or se i s r unni n
g .

Ma w h an ni It r a i ns
’

now

m
a .

[ 1 27 0 lea c h /
u It r a i ne d y es t er d ay

m
. .

mm m
A4 2 ar e n ka bu a s a n .
. I t wil l r ai n to -

o r r ow .

Ne ( ar ti n ni an a d d u i a g a k an d a o - -
I f it r ai n s t on ig h t I s h al l no t g o

m
.
. .

m
d arn t o a t ri u I t h ai l s

m
A now

m
awn .

m m
t

m
[ -

( M a t e Ira c h i -

e ” . I t h a il ed y es er d ay .

Jl l a nd d n t e ka h n us an I t w i l l h a il t o or row

m
-

. .

V c
-

nLc
' -

d d n t e rvi nu I
-

ad d i ag a k - -

a l ao I f i t h a il s t o -

n ig h t I s h al l no t g o

m
-
. . .

I t is c ol d now
'

T a g/ i n an

m
. .

m
T ag i n Ic a c h i an I t w as c ol d y e s e r d ay

m m
. .

A n t ag i n n e l b uas a n I t w il l be c ol d to o r r ow

m
-

. .

N e t ay ka oli ns e n ag aJ c an d a o -
,
- -

. I f i t is c ol d to -

o r r ow I s h al l no t go .

xt x l p c t dn g ni an . I t i s w ar no w .

A p e t en g Ica c h i an . I t w as w a r y es t e r d ay .

A p c t d n g a o
1
ne ka b a d s an . I t w il l be w ar to -

o r r ow .

Ne o p c t d n g ka b u a s an ag a lc a n d a o
- -

. I f it is w a r to -

o r r ow I s h al l n o t
g o .

(M ur a t c h a g w c hi a id . T he no r th w i nd b l o w s .

A an c h a g chi c h ug
/ a rat /
an . T he c as t w i n d i s b l o w i ng .

(1 c h ag o
c
c hi d d u t Ic a c h i an . T h e w es t w i d w bl w i g y t
n as o n es e r d ay .

(I nd r a a nn n o c h ag ue chi a ba t an ne T he s ou th w i d w i l l b l w t
n o o or row

mmm
.

m
ka b u as an -

m
P i g a n M ar a t o c h43 b a l ed ? \
V h en (l id y o u g o h o
‘
c 7

m
- -
o e .

A an a tok c h i —
b a l ei t o . H e is co i ng h o e .
j

ll i l t f o lo c h i ba lc i to He ho
’

.
' -
x -

. ca e e .

m
A d to k c h i b a l ei t o a s a ne H e w il l ho

m
rt -
co e e

m
. .

m
L et h i

m
h i3 b a l ed t o ho

m
Il a/ il ii arra wa t c -

.
go e .

I p a k é t o a k a -
-

( gt . He a s ke d e to ea t .

T ag a a l i n ko -

a ng c to . I w il l ask hi to e at .

mm
m
l in ag u a l t a Ira I a s ke d to ea t
’ '
a n g an y o u

m
- -

. .

’ '
I a /

l in - -

ko as a n c a n g an . I w il l as k y o u to e at .

R E FL E XI VE F OR M S

f wi th i hefist
’
b s tr ike o ne s sel .

I a s t ri k i ng y se f e t cl , . I s t r uc k yse f , l et c . I s h ll a s tr i k e l
y s e f , etc .

na -
ka a an k a l b i g i n an kal b i g -

ak an g -
k al b ig -

ak

Y ou k a ka a -
an kal b i g i n a n k al b i g k a -

an g -
k al b i g ka -

t o ka a -
an k al b i g i n an kal b ig t o , -
o r, s i ang -
ka l b i g t o -

kat o
. a n —k al b i g

ka e ka a an k al b i g i n an k al b ig ka e an g ~k al b i g ka e

Y ou ( p l u ra l) k ay o ka a an k al b i g i nan k al b i g k ay o an g ~
k a1 b i g k ay o
Th ey _ _ er a ka a an ka l b i g i n a n kal b i g e ra an g -
k al b i g er a

(7n
”
1 A o h as t h e ean i n g o f p ro b a b l y z a o, Y es , i t s ee s so .
 m
m
mm
mmm
m
m
m
m
m
m mm
1 40 TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT

m
‘
F or s exp r es s i ng d es ir e, d u ty ; a l so f r e u enta ti v e an
q d c aus a ti v e f or s

m m
S i K u an p i an t o h a l bi g en s u n K ai e -

. J oh n d es i r e s t o s t ik J
r e a es .

S i K u an p i ni a n —t o h a i b i g en s u n K a i e . J oh n d es i red t o s t ik J r e a es .

m
S i K u an s ig v c h o pi a
—
n to ka l b i g en s un oh n w i l l d es i r e t t ik J
o s r e a es .

m m
S i K u an s i g ned ne p a n la i tb i g en t o -

s un J oh n oug h t t o be s t r i ki n
g J a es .

Kai e

m
.

Si Kuan s i g ned ne an h a l b i g to s un J ohn ough t to s t r i ke J a es t o o r ro w

m
-

K ai e h a b i t a s an .

Si Ku an signed ne h in a l b i g t o -

s un J ohn oug h t t o h av e s t ruc k J a es

Kai

m
e h ac h i an . t er d a y .

m
Si K u an t o It a p a n h a l b i g en
- -

i i l ai s un J o hn is f re
q u en tl y t s r i ki n
g J a es .

m
K ai e

m
.

Si K u an i na n h al t ig to -

ai al a i s un J ohn f re
q u e n tl y t s ruc k J a es .

mm
K ai e .

S i K I
u n t
a a l i
b g e n —to ai al a i sun K ai e J ohn wil l f re
q u e n tl y t s r i ke J a es

m
-

a s an e .

S i K u an e a h a p aa n s ai ka l bi g en n an J ohn is c au s i ng J a es to s t r ike .

mm
Si K u an i n a h p a an t o -

s ai h a l bi g en na n J oh n c a u s ed J a es to s t r i ke

K ai e .

S i K u an ah p u a n a s an e s ai ka l b i g en J ohn w ill cau se J a es to st r ike .

nan I ifa i e .

J J h

m
S i K ai e p i a n t o i s i h d i a t s un K n an a es d e s i r e s t o ki c k o n

m
-

. .

S i K ai e p in i a n t o i s i h d i at -

s un K uan . J a es d e s i r e d t o ki c k J h o n .

J J

m
S i K ai e s ignc h o i
p na s

to isi h diat sun a es w il l d es i r e t o k i c k oh n .

K u an .

S i K ai e s i g oc d ne an s i h d i a t t o sun J a es o ug h t t o b e k i c ki n g J ohn

m m
-

K u an .

Si K ai e s i g ned ne is i h diat t o -

sun J a es o ug h t t o ki c k J oh n to -

or row .

K u a n h a b u as a n .

S i K a i In c -

s i g ned ne i ns i h d i a t t o -

s un J a es o ug h t t o h a v e ki c ke d J oh n y es
Ku a n lea c h i an . t or d a
y .

J is f tly t r ik i n g J oh n

m m
a es re u en s
q .

m
Ku a n

m
.

S i K ai i n an i s i h d i a t t o ni al a i s un J f u n tl y t ruc k J oh n

m
e -

a es re
q e s

m
.

m
S i Ii .
’

ai e is ih dio t to -

v i ti l ai sun Ku an . J a es w il l f re
q u en tl y t s r i ke J oh n .

S i Ka i e c s ai i s i lcd i a t n an J a es is c aus in
g J oh n to s t r i ke .

K u an .

S i K ai e i n a h p na n t o -

s ai is i hdi a t n an J a es c a u s ed J oh n to s t r i ke

S i K ai e ahp a an as an e s ai is i h di at J a es w il l c a u se J oh n to s t r i ke .

'

na n _ I i n an .

S i ka h c a lt a p n a n dy a s i la i t o i lea s p i g I c au s e hi to th row a s o ne t .

s a az c i a ba te .

I n ah p n an a h
— dg a i lc as p i g t o -

s aa ei a bato I c a u s ed hi to th r ow a s t o ne y e s e r d ay t .

Ic a c h i an .

1 A ong t h es e s e n t e n c es t h e re are s o hi h w hi l g e w ti ll y
c t w ld d te ra a ca c o r r ec , ou so u n s rang e

ld d w l d h t l t d th E g l i h t x t ly b t h p f
,

to I g o r o t ea r s I c ou an ou av e r a ns a e f e n s e o re re e ,
u av e r e err e d

th ig h t f wh t t pp d th l bj
.

l
.

t o i n t r od u c e a c er a n t i t i ff s n es s th
ra er an os e s o a o e a e are e rea o ec t o f

t h es e e x pl a es , n a l y t ff
e , o a or d p t i i i g h t i t t h k l t f th I g t l g
a co a ra ve ns n o e s e e on o e o ro an u ag e .

The sa e re ar ka pp l i t es o an y tho t gi i ll
e r s e n e nc es t ti v en as us ra on s .
 m
m
m
m
mm
m
mm
m
mm
m
mm
m
TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT 141

m
mm
m
S i ka lc a kpa a n a s an e d y a i h as p i g t o -

I w il l c au s e hi to th r ow a .
t
s o ne to

m m
sa ei a b a t e ka b u as an . o r r ow .

M a lcp a an -

a lc dy a is a an -

to e loa d ab o ng I c a u se hi t o pu t h i s h a t on the t ab l e

to c hi da i s aan ni an no w

mm
. .

m
I n a kp a a n a lc -

dy a i s nan t o -

loa d ab o n g t o -

I c a u s ed hi t o p u t h i s h at on the t abl e

m
c hi da i s d an h a c h i an
y e s e t
r d

m
.
a
y .

M a lawi a n ah dy a isa loa d i i b o n g I

’
-

an t o e -

w il l c au s e hi t o p u t h i s h at on the
to c hi da i s aa n ne h a b u as an . t ab l e to -

o r row .

M a kp u an —a h dy a i kas p i g t o -

s uwei a a
p pa I c au s e hi to th r ow a c l ub n o w .

ni an .

m
th t

m
I n a kp a a n a h dy a i kas p i g t o s a wei a p ap a c a u s ed hi to a c lub r d ay

m
row e s e
y
- -

m
m
.

mm
leac h i an .

m
M ah p i tan -

ah dy a i kas p i g t o -

sa ei a p ap a I w il l c au s e hi to th r ow a c l ub to
h a b a as a n o r r ow .

m
mm
l alcn a n —Ic o
’
s u n s i lc at o n i an . I c au s e hi to eat now (as ean ing I

mm
g i v e h i to e at no w ) .

m
P i n a h an h o -

s un s i kat o h ac h i an . I c a u s ed hi to ea t
y e s erda
y (as
e an i ngI g av e h i to e at )
P dkn an ko s u n
— s i leat o n e ka b a a s an . I w i l l c au s e h i to ea t t o orrow (as

m
ea n i n g I w il l g i v e h i to e at )
P ani n o -

ho s un s i leci t o n i an . I c au s e hi t o d r i nk n o w .

m
m
v an i n o -

ho s u n s i kd t o Ic a c l i i an . I c a u s ed hi t o d r i n k y e s t er d a y .

s u n s i kat o n e I w il l hi t o d r in k t o
’

Pa no -

ho Ica b a a s an . . c au s e o rro w -

F UR T H E R E XAM PL E S OF TH E CO M B I N A T I ON OF
'

R OOT S A N l)
'

PA R I I CLE S
' ‘ 1

m
t

m
R oo A p u i F I R it

m
,

m
To be on e wh o ake s fi re, a n u) .
i I az
-
.

N it 1
. ’

a an c p
ti
-

” ”
I e
p a
r ve:
“
M ake fi r e ( a l so
“
b o il r i c e
ilf an ay i N an up u i u k
Wh o th
- -

S wat rp u i f?
“
i s th e

m
on e at

m
(3 a

akes fire (th at b o il s

To be who o r d er s fi re to b e ad e ;

m
o ne a
N i t Kw ( a no n p o up u i
ti

m
-

ai I t h e p er s o n
“
p i p
-
ku .
p er a ve : B e
Af a ni p - —
a (i p n i ” A o n p t p ui
r -
u /t :
w h o o r d ers fi re to b e ad e ; g et fir e
“

m
'

” Jla p ip u i ( t k
'
-

ad e

m
.

T o b e th e t h in g to w h ic h fi r e is ap p l ie d ;
iup ui -
ni o ia i .
a bug ds ( p r o n o u n c ed li e/eds ) .

I p e ra ti ve:
“
L et th i s ri c e b e t h e h i ng t o t N Ira p u n i np
'

m
it -
.
-

I -
ri a i
p w h i c h y o u ap p l y fi r e ;
” “
b oil th i s rice ;
”
h p u i—lso

i up H i g en eral l y h as t h e s en se o f t o b o il —
“
I up ui I
-

”
ric e ; i n up ni z b o i l ed r ic e, l i ke E ng l is h

t o as t z t o asted b r ead .

To be th e th i n g w h ic h is o r d er e d to b e
N il 7 o io n i
p p
-
,

b o i l ed , p a iup u i -
o i ai o bag/ ri s . I p e r a
I i up n i fl ia HHr nt
ti t t
'

t -

y p
L e t h i s r i c e b e t h e h i ng w h i c h y o u
“
ve :
I a i ap h i It o
’

t
-

” “ ”
o r d er t o b e b o i l ed ; g e t h i s r i c e b o i l ed .

N it -
7 p u i p n ia

Ap u i -
( T o b e t h e fi r ep l ac e .

A p z t iu n ko
'

T o b e t h e p l ac e u sed fo r ak i n g fi r e ; a l s o t o N i t kc p a nnp ni u n
-

I
_
’
a n ap u i a n
- -

b e t h e p o t u sed fo r b o i l i n g ( C o
p ar e . P ine no p e inn k0 -

u n d er
“
R oo t s an d p ar ti c l es
”
) P a nay in n 1 -
-

1 1 n th e l ast c o u l n I g i ve th e t h ree t e n s es i n t h e fi rs t p erso n s i ng u a r l .

 m
m
m
mm
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
mm
mmm
m
m
1 42 TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT

mm
R oo t , S ad a t, T H E WR I T I N G

m
N ha id !
it
it (1 7 a
T o b e th e
-

wr Sq i iut n io i ?
. .

er : e u ns
M an s it h N u ns lut ah
Wh o t th
-

”
t h e w ri
“
-

is er of 9
fl
is .

Jl sn do t

m
To be o ne wh o o r d er s an o th er to w r i t e; o ~ Na ia p asn d a t
-
a an

ti

m
Mo -

p a s ud a t-

p u ui u t l I p a
e r ve :
“
Ord er so eo n e N o np os n d a t a Ir:

m
- -

. -

to w ri t e
”
dl a i np asu ( ta t—a h

m
-

m
i
.

T o b e th e th in g w ri tt en d o wn ( or w ri tt en N i l Ira p ; i s -

to t
I —s ta t ab o u t) ; is -

ta t -

o i ai a bi di n . I p e r a ti ve : Tns ad a t Ico -

‘V r i te d o w n h is t o rd er .
”
I s H d o t ko
'

th in g t t

m m
T o b e th e ab o u w h ic h to w r i

m
e an
N it kc p a isu d a t
is
-

o r d er i
g v en ; t is
ir ia t vio s u ta b id i h
p
‘
-

’
I i iu t
.

u s I i a t( I t ko
ti v th t tt a
- -

I p s ? -

Ha
“
p e r a ve : e a o r d er wri en
P a is ud a t kc -

do wn

mm
.

R oo t D u tc h, L E A P

m
,

m
N i x ho -
a a n ( i a to k
To b e o ne w h o l eap s ; i d a to k -
ku ’ I p er a
M d ato h
.

un N and ( I tc h ah
tv
-

”
-

“
L eap !
fl
i e:
i tt iu to k a k -

t t

m
T o b e h a w h ic h i s ad e , c au s ed , o r o rd e re d

m
N i t ha p ai ta to k

m
t
-

t o l eap ; p ta to k— o e ka bad yo I p e ra i v e :
P a d a to k
.

P in ad a to k k0
t
-

L et t h e h o r s e b e t h a w h i c h y o u c au s e t o
“ .

—
F a d to k ko
l eap ; ” “
s ar t h e h o r s e (o e r h i s t t v t e

mm
m
To be on e who c au s e s o r o r d e r s t h e l eap ing :

m
N a ka a an p a d a to h
W h o is it
-

S ep o i e u p a d a to k n e ka ba d y o
“

M i ni h t k N ( t np o d a to k a /c
'

p a
'

( t o
th t j
- -

Wh o
-

”
t h e h o r se t o ? “
a c au ses u p

m
Ma p to to k a k
t t v
-

s ar s t h e h o rse (o er th e

m
To be th e o b ec j t in r el a ti on t o w h ic h th e
N i t kn p an i d o to k

m
-

l ea p n is d on e ; i d at o k
’
-
o ia i , a ad n a h
I I nd a to /c t o
.

i
( t l tn k
ti v t
-
-

I T ak e h is c h il d in y o u r
“
p a
er e: ar s
I du tc h 1
t v t
-

an d l eap w i h i t ( h
o i er s

m
T o b e th e bj in l ti to w h i c h th e

m
o ec t re a on

l eap i n g i s o r d e r ed t o b e d o n e ; p aid a to k -
o N i t ki t p a id u to h-

m
I ’
a -
i d u to k
-
iai a ar ak . I p er a ti ve :
“
H av e h i s c h i l d t I p o id a to k Iro -

t ake n in ar s by so e p e r s o n an d l et th t a P a ii tu to ls ko
'

p e r s o n l eap w i h i t t ( o v er th i s

R oo t ,
S is lced , WA I T
N a Icu a n s is hed
t a
-

To be o ne w h o w ai s; n ns s i ked -
ka ! I p er
I ll t l 7 i 8 i8 kt t l N u ns is kerl a h
’

W ai t !
’ -
'

”
-

“
at l v e :

To be one who or d er s t o w ai ; t a p a s ked -

k N il -
kn a an p a s /cert

M o -

p a s k -
i h e p
_
od i to
g s .
’
I p e ra ti ve:
“
O r d er th e N o np as ked -
ok
‘
p o l i s t as
’ l
to w ai t .
”

T o be ha t t wh i c h is o r d er ed , c au s ed t o wai ; t N a ka-

p us hed

I ’ -
s hed p o s it ed -

o sun si al i to .
'

I p e r a tiv e:
“
Tel l I i nas I ed he
’ c

hi t o w ai t .
”
I ’
u s hei i Ico
T o b e th e o bj t ec of t h e p r o c e ss of w ai i n g i n t
a t ran s i i ve t s en se ; -

n ku bad g o k .

I p e ra y t iv
h o r s e w ai i n
e:g (a t
“
K ee p t N i t ha p an is is hed
t v
-

”
t h e d o o r ag ai n s a r r i al ) [ ris ked i s
y
I s is l ed
t t
c
-

n o t u s ed i n c o n n ec io n w i h a p e rs o n as
l s is ked lro
j t th t
-

o b ec ,
s i nc e it w ou l d ean a su c h

p er s o n w e r e t o b e b o d i l y l a id h o l d o f an d

so kep t w iting a .

1 I ’
ol i s tas , f o rc e dl ab o re rs u n d er p
S an is h l ru e .
 m
m
m
m
m
m
mmm
m
m
m
1 44 TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT

m
’ '
l i oo i b a l ei — o? W h er e is y o u r h ous e ? W h er e do y o u

l iv e ?

mm
(l a a c b a l c i lro -

chi B ag i o . My h o u se is in B ag u i o . I l iv e in
B ag u io .

m m
t

m
(M ar a e at al no ? H av e y ou g o t you r c l ea v e r w i h y ou ?
G u ar a I h av e

m
. .

(I n d ra c h a nu ? I s th er e wa t er ?
A n c hi c h an n T here i s wa t

mm
. no er .

'
(r u a r a
’
s (i a c hi b a l ei ? I your
s f tha er in t he h ous e ?
Gu a r a . H e is .

Su ta g adg e -
o g i -

r a c h i ai n a n t an . Y ou r f r i en d w as h e re so e ti e ag o .

N e g i t a r a a h -

c hi M an i d a an s u d a t a h -
. If I s h al l b e in M a ni l a I w i l l w r i t e .

T o h ave, to

G ua ( a n (1 -
k (g u w h) I h ave ( l wr r u , ( kar a We ha v e

m
G ua (
. t -
I ca T h o u h as t (M a (1 ka yo Y ou h v a e

(M to H h as Gua The h v

m
a r a a nan -
e ( a n er a ,
y a e

m
(I a n a h n o s a wc i a a 1 h av e f th

m
n ar a a -

a . a a er .

Gn ar a anan -

ka ne c hua n
’
di a . T h o u h as t tw o h an d s .

Gn a r a a n a n er a n c a c h e e et b a lsa T h ey h a v e any c o w s

m
-
. .

G u ar a a na n t ag/ o n c ka b a d y o . W e (you and I ) h av e h o r s es .

Gu a an an ka e ne o a . We (h e an d I , or th ey an d 1 ) h av e

m
fi el d s

m
( M ar a ano n a h -
no sa ei a b a l ei , chi I h ad f or er l
y a h o us e at B ag u i o .

m
B ag i o n a n t an .

m
Gu a r a to s a a ei b a l ei , c hi H e w i l l h av e h o use at B ag u i o t

m
a na n -
ne a a n ex

B agi o s u ta t a ce n a l é

m
.
y e a r .

m
Ga ar a a n an ka n e s awei ? H as t th d og ?

m
-

a asu ou a

A nc h i a n o n a h n e as u -

. I h av e no d og .

” 1
c op u l a to be
“
Fu r th er er a ni
-
' '

p l es o f the r en d er i n
g o
f the E n g l i sh

mm
Ka d i t b o n g -

h o i ai . T h i s is y h at .

O an i ai . T h i s is t h y fi el d .

B a l ei -
to i an . Tha t i s h i s h o use .

A sa ni K u an i ai . T h is i s J oh n s
’
d og .

K a b ad g oh i an . T h os e a re y h o r s es .

S i kat o d aa i
- '
. H e is a an .

S i h at o d a wi nnn t a n . H e w as a an .

D ar i a o a s an e . H e w il l be a an .

G a as ai l /
s n t an . I t is an a x .

S i lc ri t o c a ah n u n ta n . H e w as y f tha er .

sa e (3 ina n u n t an . S h e w as you r o h er t .

A a -

to
’
s K u an ( o r a a to si K u an ) . J oh n is h is a her f t .

. i g i to s -
’
K ai e . J a es i s h i s b r o h er t .

. i g i t o s M ar i a
’ -

. M ary is h is s i s er t .

1 Co p a re f o o t n o te t o e x pl
a es u n d er
“
Th e ar t i c e l .
”
 m
m
mm
m
mm
m
m
TH E N A B A L OI DI A L E CT 1 45

A s dg o a k 8 i M ar i a ne as a n e . M ary w il l be y w i f e .

A s d g o a /o 3i Kua n ne a s ane . J oh n wil l b e y h u s b and .

M (L t d /c a l al é . I sl e a b r av e an .

o lé ?
’

A r ag I s it far ?

m
I N T E R J E CT I O N S

mm
1 7 41 !4
X
t t ith t

m
S u rp ri s e o r as o n i s h en e er wi h ad ni i r at io n
'

i s)
?

m m
or W l t h d l sap p o t en t .

AJ

m
‘

ti

A dd !

A dd !
t t

m
A s to sh en t W i h d l sa p p r o v al o r re g re .

mm
A i d dd d d fid fi

m
'
-

m
t; t

m
o 0

E n c o u r ag e al s o u rg i n g a r eq u e s
1

en .

m
m
m
7
T6 t éi él é

m
ON TH E TR AI L TO B E N G UE T

m
m m
[A c o n v ers a t i o n w i t h I g o ro t c a r r i e rs ]

0 i ! t o lca l a ! -
I sa
y! J t us co e h e re !
T w at b a l e i ? \
t is yo ur ho e ?

m
rn o re
-

l b i n g ng e t ak I f B en g u e t

m
- -
a ro

m m
. .

m
I i a n—
’
o un a/ y o n s u n s i kak ? W il l y o u be a c ar r i e r for e ?

[ ka le p i a n ( ag ak M an ) t ap in a bd é
' -
uk ; I do no t w an t t o b e c au s e I a ti r ed ;

m
t ap g u ar a d a u y o n loo .
b e c a u s e I h av e a l r eady a l o ad
N ga t o u d y on o ? Wh a t
i s y o u r l o ad ?

m
'

m
-

Gu a r d a d g on -

lc o
’
in n o
n ag a ba/ a ng -

ho . I h av e a l o a d o f s a l t for y h ea d an .

A n e h i Ic a d g u a ? H av e
y ou no co p a n i o n s ?

m
Gu ar d . I h av e .

I ’
ap i g a kay o ? H ow an
y are y o u ?
A nn e -

ka e . W e ar e s ix .

M an g o s u ta laa d g ua , ga e 7 n u y on W e l l th e n , and th ose c o

p a n i o11 s .
-

l l av e
ah a ? th ey l o ad s t o o ?
T o g u ei e . I don
’
t kn o w ab o u t th e .

’ ’
l ag u a l
-
-
o kad g u a C a l l y o u r c o p an i o n s .

’ '
I agu c i c Ica a c ha . I d o no t kn o w h e i r w h er e a b o u
, t t s

is v o u r s l eep i n g l a c e he re 2
‘

i dy o c h ia i ( t wa i d y o Ic a
’

T ara o h z pan or p
- -
- :
-

o ld / a d i ai )
.

Ch i b a l ? l Ca p t i o n N . I n th e h ou s e of Ca pi t an N
M alo n l et be
‘

A té, -
a n d a0 -
ki t a , a nu d u p -

. ( fo e
g ; us g o : y co

a n i on
p .

K a p a n g d u ka -
-

,
i pc gdu
-

e c h a l an . ( : o in f r on t a nd h ad th e w ay .

0i ! p i a n d y o -

e nu y o n s u n s i ka k ?
-
L o o k h er e ! Wi l l y ou be y c a r r i e r s ?

A nc hi lc e h a l ka e . “ e do no t w an t to .

S ep o i c kap i s i l d i a (Sp ,
c ab e c il l a ) dy e ? W ho of v ou i s t h e l ead e r "?

I an . T ha t o ne o v er th e re .
 m
m
m
m
mm
m
mm
m
mm
m
mmmm
1 46 TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT

m m
S ap ai n g ar a -
to ? W h at is h is na e ? 1

S i M ad i ane e n g ar a -

to . M ar iano is h i s na e .

m
g a n t o i ag -

d y o p i an -

an uy on sun W hy w il l y o u n o t c a r ry fo r e ?

mm
G ua r a u y z an -

c c as i n . We h av e t o c ar r y s al t .

th

m
A n is e ! t a d d o ka y o bi n g ad . E v en r ee of y o u onl y ( w o u l d do for
e )

m
.

m
a ic h t a ka d io n 1 w i l l p a y y o u w el l
’
B -

t -
'

ap t e ng . .

m
I iga ?
‘
H ow uch ?

m
A n g lrc n a i s a s lea y o -
.
(I w o u l d no t ind ) ev en o ne
pe s o fo r
ea c h of o u
y .

li
f

u lang
2
That i i ffi i s ns u c en t

m
.
.

N g ar a -

to c ka l ka c arg a ) W h t ki d f l
a n o o ad s h av e y o u ?
(M ar a s a wed a i a en na M a i/va l e t {a n T h er e i s a b un d l e t i ed u p i n a a t and a

m
S aa c
'

i a ka o n (Sp ,
c a on j ) dy a c h a d g ua b ox w h i c h us tb e c ar r ied by t wo .

c a nu y o n so .

A ra ! M an d i ka t e c h a l an t a n a b a d eg c B l es s e ! T he .
r o ad is v er y d i ffic u l t and

m
Gh a n a
/

chi a g i l d t an g
’

. the wa t er at N a g il i a n
g f ea r f ul ly h ig h
f t

m
[a r i ver or d on the r ail ] .

m m
S ut a an u
y o n n a ka on ac h u an lco c d ag For th o se w ho car r
y the b ox I w il l
bo c ha 71 6 b i n f i n
-
. i n c r e a s e t h e p ay b y 2 5 c e n s , M ex i c a n t .

A t é ! I p a a s a s ko Ica l loa ; Co e , I l l s h o w v o u t h e l o a d s ;
’
- -

c té ! an u d u p . a ke

m
m
h as e an d co e a l o ng .

m
l ’
ana ka l kay o n e c h u an ka l u s o d p a n ( l et t w o s ti c ks boug h tt o se r v e fo r c ar r y

g uy o n : ka o n
-
i ng t h e b o x .

P i g/ a n .
c i a wad o? W h at ti e w i l l b e y o u r d ep a r u r e t ?

Ni an . N ow, at onc e .

K a b a d s a n p a l ba n g u n -
. To -
or r ow ,
ea r l y .

A p e t a n g c c h a l a n a i rn a n
-

. T he r oa d i s t oo h ot now .

“ 7
e h av e n ot y e t ea t en .

7
A n o ki p ka e chi S a b d aa . “ e s h al l s l ee
p i n S
L a b l a n

m
.

a ni a a d u t d y e i ai T ie th i t t
h er

m
I

mm
’
s og e .

mm
T wat c h ag i W h er e is y ou r c h ag i (a t of

m
. so r c ar ry

i ng r ac k )

mm m
A sé ! an b a l a t ! L o r d ! b ut th t a i s h ea v y !
A l i g u a M1 a b u l a 1 -
,
'

a n g lc ad ias
/

. [ ti s no t h ea v y at al l ; it is q u i t
e l ig h t .

Ag a b a d ia I t is i o s s ib l e
p
-
-

. .

M aba d i n . I t i s p o s s ib l e .

A n c h i b a l on -

c . we h av e no p r o v i s i o n s f o r t h e r o ad .

M ica h c ag a -

. 1 w il l l oo k o ut for th t a .

I at a a l i n t ar é s (S p t r ei n t a d o s cu a r to s )
‘

F or th ese 20 c en t s, M ex i c an , y o u a
y
i t zu n /c a l d g/ o
-

nc ICG H i fl d ft/ O -

. b u y y ou r f oo d .

A te o ! na -

a ko u ! G et up ! I t i s d ay l i g h t !

ll
. an g a n t ag/ o c hi c h a lan (o r c h a l an e We shal l e at on th e r o ad .

p a n g a n a n t ay o ) .

T w at c h a l an ? W h ich is t h e r o ad ?

1 As an y I b al oi s d i l ik
s e to p r o no u n c e t h ei r o w n n a es , i t is e xp di e en t to as k a an s n a
’
e f ro
b vs t a n d e rs .

l g o ro t w o u n e v e r f o rg i v e i s e f f o r av i n g a c c e t e lde v e n th e h l h p d ost a d v a n t ag eo u s t er s

h fi p
w i t o u t rs t ro t es t i n g ag ai n s t t ei r u t t er i n s u ffi c i en c y w i t th e t i e s a c re
.
h h -
dw dk l or u a ng , p ro n o u n c e d
w i th a i f ff dden o o en e c an d or . T h e b ar g a i n o n c e s t ru c k i h s. o w ev e r , th e o re fa t i h f ll y u k ep t by
hi t h e es s c l i il iz d h v e e is .
 m
mm
m
m
mm
mmm
mm
1 48 N A B A L OI DI A L E CT

m
TH E

m
retai n e d th eir n ati o n al or tri b al p ec u li aritie s T h e y either d i d n o t

m
.

b ri ng t h e art o f w riti n g w ith the o r the y f o rg o t i t p erh a p s w ith —

o th er an ife s tati o n s o f a fo r e r h ig her c u l t e b ec aus e o f the p h y s ical ‘

m
h ar d s hi p s th ey h ad to u n d ergo w h e n p u s h e d b y s u b s e q u e n t M al ay an
i n v ad e rs i n to the i n h o s p itab l e o u n tai n fas tn e s s e s o f the i nteri o r

m
.

m
F o r w h at it ay b w o rth I re p ro d u c e here as ac c u r ate l y a s p os s i b l e
e .

the sa pl e o f an cie n t w ri ti n g g ive n b y Si n i b al d o d e M as i n h is I nfor e

m
'

S o b rc el E s tad o d e l as I s l as Fi l i p i n as en 1 8 4 2 ( M ad ri d ,

m m
FIG 1 —
~A n u ni d en t i fi die n s c ri pi t on e n g r av e d on a b o ar d an d f ou n di n th e o u n t ai n s

m
. .

in h ab i t e d by
I g o ro eo t p
e i n 1 83 7 b y apl i i tary e e i ti o n l xp d (Sa z
e s i e as

ld z
.

m
g i v en b y S i n i b a o d e M as ; s i e o f o r i g i n a i s n o t k n ow n )

m
.

m
On thi s he ob s erve s : T o thi s c l ass of al p h ab et s ( I l o k an o B atangas
“
, ,

Pa p an ga B u l a c an a n d Ton d o ) s ee s to b el o ng th e i n s cri pt i on ( s ee
, ,

fig 1 ) e n g ra ve d o n a b o ar d th at w as f o u n d i n 1 8 3 7 b y a i lita r y
‘

m
e x p e d iti on i n the o u n tai n s i n h ab ite d b y t h e s av ag e s c al l e d I go rr ot es

m
W hi l e u n ab l e to i pr o ve on thi s d u b i o u s d i s c o ver y I a gl ad to b e ,

m
ab le to g ive t w o b i ts of I g o r ot s i n g i n g an d there b y t o c on tri b ute a tri fl e

to the p re s erv ati o n o f g e n u i n e Fi l i p i n o u s ic

m
.

The I b al oi i s i n a w ay rather fon d of s i ng i n g W an d eri n g thro u g h

m
, ,
.

h i s s i l e n t w o o d s he w i l l u n b u r d e n h i s h e art b y s i n gi n g so e l o w el o ,

d i o n s str ai n the p l ai nti v e s o u n d o f w hich re ve al s the el an ch ol y

m
,

u n d erl y i ng the M al ay an ch ar a cter Ag ai n at s o e fe stiv al s itti n g w ith

.
, ,

o thers ar o u n d t h e fi r e h e w i l l i n l e s s h ar n on i o u s t on e s an d b et w ee n i
'

, ,

freq u e n t s i ps o f ri ce wi n e ch an t i n ci d ents o f h i s fa i l y li fe to h i s
,

as s e b l e d re la tive s an d frie n d s w h o at i n ter v als chi e i n i n ch o ru s ,

u n til an o ther b ei n g al l u d e d t o t a ke s u p the s o ng i n l ike

, ,
an n er M an y .

a ti e as a g u e st o n s u ch o cc as i o n s h av e I l ai d y s el f d ow n to sl ee p
, ,

on so e d eerski n o nl y t o fin d th e n e x t o rn i ng the s a e p arty sti l l

d r o n i n g o u t thei r c o n fi d e n ti al c o u n ic ati o n s th o u g h r at h er the w o r s e ,

fo r a n i g ht d u ri ng w hi c h the c o c o an u t s he l l w it h rice w i n e h a d b ee n ke p t
c on stan tl y g o i ng ar o u n d .

W ith thi s h ab it it i s n ot t o b e w o n d ere d at t h at p artic u l arl y st irri n g

i n c i d en t s of I g orot l ife s h ou l d b ec o e th e c o on p r o p ert y o f y o u n g

an d ol d a n d cl ad i n o re l l ft I l l l OI l lO Ll S f o r s u rvive as p o p u l ar b al l a d s
‘ ’

.
, ,

The b e st k n o w n o f the s e i s o ne i n w hich a y o u ng g irl re l ate s the cru el

tre at e n t s u ffere d at the h an d s of her ste p o ther ; her f u rtive fli ght t o
Kai ap a a d i strict a d j o i n i n g B e n gu et w here s h e b ec o e s the w ife o f
, ,

a S p an i s h o ffi cer ; her s u b s e q u e n t g o o d f o rt u n e an d ref u s al ever t o ,

ret u r n to her h o e .
 m
m
m
m
m
m
The b e g i n n i ng o f the so ng
re petiti o n of e a ch n ew p hras e re

mm
mm
TH E N A B A L OI

V iol in
th e

/
ai n i n g t h e s a
D I A L E CT

fol l o w i n g th e t u n e an d th e p ec u l i ar
e al l thro u g h t o th e en d :
o d er a te
,
1 49

m
FI G . 2 .
—F i rs t l i n e of a pp o u l ar I ba l o i so n g .

mm
m
A a da e a /r c h i -
,
K ar a, a n da e a k ch i -
K aiap a
I g o to Ka i ap a , t o K a i ap a I g o

m
mm
m
FI G . 3 .
-

S ec on d li ne of a pp l o u ar I ba l oi s o n g .
(S a e s o n g as i n fi g .

mmm
I ’
as c n g -

ko c h i S a nta R osa , p as c n g -

ke c h i S a nta R os a
1 t ak e t h e roa d t o S an t a R os a, t o S a n t a R os a t h e r oa d I ta k e

m
mm
The fol l o w i ng i s a frag e n t of an o ther b al l ad s un g t o the sa e ever

m
ri si n g an d fal l i n g el o d y an d w ith the s a e re p etiti o n o f e ach l i n e :

m m
l K a g a ng B al a n !
’
I i a — /
as -

Th ht p h

m
ou b r ig en , I ra y t ee , Oh , oo n !

mm
d1 ana l u n a ll
:

ne Ira bu a s u n ,

S h ll g d a o ow n h ll i I w h en to -
or ro w

m
N ak na a ka l h e p z
g a n Ij n g a n , na n , ( wa
g/ o a k
I s h ll b
a e b u y er of a pil l o w to s er v e a s pi ll ow of y w i fe

A wa ne k ne I) 1 t a s te
(Wh o ) i s to b ea r c h il d w h en t h ed a y af ter to -
o r ro w

I n a sp el to
’
3 kap ita n '

A na l rl t nc Ir np il a n,

H av e et I . th e h d
ea an s h ldou er i n g th e ka pi l an (s ab e r )

I bag an to trea t l
( u /
g , lro
As k e d he w h ere pl ac e o f g o i ng i ne

[ a ka ( -
I re , I
‘

r ah g a t: c hi [ do/re
S ai d I ,
s h ll g d
a o ow n I to I l o k os

K o
-

p oti a
'

to Iro n6 -

c tolrtolr l a)
S h lla c u t o ff he ,
sai dh e, th e h d ea i ne ( et c )

A n other e l o d y I h ave he ard s u n g o n ce to a f riv o l o u s tex t an d ,

agal n w 1 t h a n extre e l y o u r n f u l c a d e n c e a s a s o r t o f f u n er a l h y n i n
,

hi
w c h the frie n sd o f t h e d ece a s e d a r e i n vite d t o s trike i n h i s h o n o r
mm
m
m
m
1 50

t h e i n s tr u
‘

en t s
1
TH E

th at s erve the I g o ro t f or b e ati ng ti e t o their

N A B A L OI D I A L E CT

d an ce s .

m
m
I g ive the few n o te s o f w hich i t c o n s i s t s w i th t h e l at ter te x t :
2

S ul iba e ,
-
'

s ul iba e d ye !
'

mm
m
m
mm
FI G 4 -
F i rs t i n e l of an I ba l oi e o l dy

m
. . .

m m
1 G ba l , ki b a l d ye !

mm
FI G 5 —S ec o n d li n e o f an I ba l oi l dy (S a l dy i n fig

m
. . e o . e e o as .

m
K e lsa, ka l s a dy e! (et a )

mm
FI G . ii —
. Th i d l i r n e o f an I ba l oi e o l dy .
(S a e e o l dy as i n fig s 4 . an d

mm
T h e fo l l o wi ng i s rh y e fo r chil d re n o re recite d th an s u n g a a , ,

s erie s o f s i n g l e w o r d s s t u ng t og ether s o t o s ay b y the re p e ti ti o n b ef o re

m
r

m
, ,

m
a fo l l o w i ng w o r d o f a p art o r the w h o l e o f the p rece d i n g o n e a n d b y a

m
e th o d i c al ch an g e o f th e a cc n t w hich p ro d u ce s the rh yth The

m
e .

m
wo rd s o s tl y u n c o o n on e s I c o u l d n o t c o l ete l tr l te

m
p y a n s a o r
g et ,

m
m
,

tr an sl ate d ; the s e n s e s ee s to b e rather i n c o here nt :

m m
B ag b ag t e B ag b ag tel a b ik T an ab u T an ab ug aai

m
T o la I a g T ola b aw i x an ug aai ug aal ag p ai
’

B B

mm
B a w i x an B a w i kal an ai A l ag p ai A l agp aip ai y aau
K al an ai K al a n ai n apu n ai

m
P ai y aau P a i y aau ati b au
N ap u n di N ap u n aid iag ta A ti b au A ti b au b ai ang a u
D iag t a D iag t an ab u [E t a ] [E tc ]
1 Th e c hi e f o n es a re th e s ul i b a e a n d q l th e ki ba l , t w o h p dw d d f c ann o n s -
a e oo en ru s o ab ou t e ua
s iz b t b
e t u d i ff ly h by
ea e n er e n t , ea c wit h th on e an; th fi t l i tt l h p i t
e i rs , a e s ar er n o n e , r ec e v es e

i n n er s id f h et t h do i d f
t e o u s t re c e i unf te ou r fi g f b th h d
n e rs o ti q ik o an s a c on n uo us , u c s u c c ess o n o

d b l l p b th l p b i g h t b t
ou e s a s, o s a s e n l y th s or u so un di g t b p n t d pp x i o n es , o e re r es e n e a ro ate us :

R i g h l ef t t i g h l ef t ig h t l ef
r
,
r ig h t l ef t T h ki b l i t
t -

, r k i h -

b w i th th
t, r -

. e a s s ru c n t e sa e a n n er ut e

d i ff er en c e h t l y t h ig h h d l p i l
t a on w i t h th ig h h
e r d l p f t h l ib p l y
t -

an s a , s u t a n eo u s e r t -

an s a o e su ao a er ,

r es o u n d w h i l th l f t h d t k i pp l i d
s, e e t t h
e t t
-

an d ti fl h ib i s ro e s a e s o as o cu s or a o n c e an s e t e v ra t o n s

p i i h d b y th th
.

Th be as s a c c o f ki b l t
an th lib
en t h f h
u rn s f ll w i g e e a o e sa ae as er e o r e t e o o n
t
o n o on ou s s o un d R i g h t i g h t ig h t ig h t :
’
, r
’
, r
’
,
r
’
.

Th h ll w tub b t ub t b p d d b y b h d p
e o o
“ -
tu th d i
, t -

b h df
u
”
ro uc e ot ee -
ou e ns t r u en s c a n e ea r or a

di t s an c e o f 8 10 il ,l g t h ll T g t h w i t h h
, or ore pl y d tw g g es a on e va ey . o e er t e are a e o on s , one

ca ll d k l th t h p i k T h y l l y
e a sa , e o bl b er p d a se h l d p w i h th l ft h d
. e c os e r es e e rass an s , a n a re e u t e e an

an d t k w i t h w d p g i t h i g h t Th i ti k l ti k l i t h d i d t w i th t h
s ru c a oo en e n e r . e r
“
n e -
n e
”
s ra er s c or an e

h ea vy d f th d
so u n Th ol ki g f tw i e b t ru ll d p l a t k
s .
g i t e c ae n o o ro n a o ns , c a e a s , s ru c o ne a a ns

th e ot h pl t t h
er , c o e es e t at t o o .

2F orhi ft th p di g b it f i I
s as or i d bt d t M
e C C b ll
rec e
g d t f th n o us c a n e e o r ar a o, ra ua e o e

l S h l M i l w h k i t d w ft y i g i g
. .

N au ti ca c oo , an a, o too o n a er s n n .
 m
m
mmm
m
m
1 52 TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT

mm
P a rts o f th e h u an bo d y— Co n in ue d
*
t
E n g l is h N a b al o i E ng i s l h N ab a o i l
L ef t h a n d (i i -
a i gid -
H ee l ku -

ot

Pl a of dh an ch a -
l n—kap ka l n - -

ot

B ac k f h d b u n n eag u i c h al u k a p L ar g e t o e a—a h ui sa di
‘

o an p a ng aq i g

m
- - -
.

F i n g e rs ka l u
‘

- -

ot F i ft h or s a ll t oe ki g i n g -

n i sa -

di
Th u b p a q i g a ng a a n
- -

T oe n ai l ko -

x o u i sa -

di
F i rs t fi n g e r p a —t u r u a n - -
B ool d ch ala -

S ec o n dfi ng e r pa
-
ka u a—a n -
V e i n o r a r t er y u -
l at

S a ll fi ng e r k i g i ng -
B ra i n u -

t ce k

F i ng e r n a i l ko -

xo Bl dda er bi -
run g

K nu c k e l b u xo ui -
ka l u - -

ot G lla ap ko -

S p ac e 1) e t w e e n s as —
sa u i ka l n ot H ea r t pu ~s o

m
- -
.

k n u c kl es K id ney b a ti u -

Ru p u ~b e d L i v er al -

t ei

L eg sa -

di S to ac h b i t u —
ka -

Th i g h Il
’

l p0 -
R ib tag -

d ang

K pi

m
n ee u —e V e r t e b ra , s ne a —l i k
p g p
K p n ee a n ka -
ui -

ka u i l F oo t p ri n t ka t i n -

L eg b e l ow kn e e , ca lf da da - -
l o ng S ki n b a d at
’
-

of t h e l eg B one p ii
-
xil

A nk l e, an k e l b o ne ti k -
di ng I n t es t i n es s u ~s ut

Fo ot c h a—
p an

mmm
Cl o th ing a nd o r n a en ts

E n g is l h N ab a l oi E n g is l h N ab a o i l
T u rb a n p an
-
di et B e lt b a l i k es -

m
-

ka —

mm
H at d u b o ng -
J ac ke t fo r w o en s aa l e i

Ca p ok—
d op P e t t i c oa t ( h
s or t ) di wit -

W a t er p roo f
ka l a I ) i au ; b a n£5r au
- - 1 N ec k l ac e nu n o -

tec h -
o ng
0
E a rr i n g , fi ng er r i ng t a W I ng -

B re e c hl h c ot ke b al -
Ar r i ng ka -
ri ng

) l o ak k a t ap ; -
II
’
-
l oes K n ee ring ( l eg h an d b a nei v

J ac k et , s hi rt b a ro -
b e t w e en k n ee an d

l ’
a n t al o o ns , sh o r t ka l ~s o n
(S p ) . ca l f)
p a n ts T a t t o o i ng b a t oek -

m
G p l Wi k

mmm
c k e rw o r for w o
’
1 r as s o r al -

eaf c o v e r fo r en .
-

c o v er en .

m
The hou s e el d
a nd fi .

E ng i s l h N ab a l oi E n g is l h N ab al o i

V i ll ag e balc i 1 -

B ed c h u —k i I
’
-

l an

D w e in g ll (p er a b a l ei ; -
a -
b ung (
s a ll Pi ll w o p u n g an
-

n en t ) h ut) Fl o or cha -
a—t a l

Do o rw a y u s o k an ;- -

d i teh -

C ili g
e n ta l i b -

F i re a -

pui c hi hi n c -

ng

F irewo o d ki -
u Po s t t ad -

eeg

Bl z a e a~ ui p J o is t ch i -

s ai

A lig h t si -
l au O p e n i ng fo r w i n d ow ta w a -

L i v i ng c oal s ng a -

lab S ta i r w a y ag c h a n -

D ea d c oa s l u -

li ng La dd er t ei t ei -

1 I t s ee s as i f t h e I g o ro t , f ro t e i r c us t o h of li v i ng di p s er s e dly l ac k a p p ro er w or d for
“
v i l ag e l”
Th e y k n o w , o f c o u rs e t h e I o c an o w o r l df p or u eb o , l “
I II
”
b ut
,

us e i t os tl y I n r ef er en c e
l
.
,

t o Ch r i s t i a n s e tt e en ts .
 m m
m
mm
m
m
TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT 1 53

Th e h o us e an d fieh l -

C H i n u ed

l l h l

m
E n g l i sh N ab a oi E ng is N ab a oi

As h es d e -

p ok A s to ne b a to -

S o ke a —s o k c h a l an -

Soot d a g id -

F ie ld dj a o i n i ng th e b a an g -

A s ea t tu ng -

au a n -
h ou se

Ch i a r p a — an
g l -
ka l
( I o ka n o ) I r r ig a t i n g c ana l k o l o ko l - -

A p t os to -

x ed Sp r i ng i nu v -

an ; a s u - -
l an
My h b a ei k o l W at e r cha

m
o e - -
nu

T h( o rc r es i n o u s pi ne ( sa -

l e ng ) R oo f b u b rr n g a n -

w d) oo G ra n a r y a -
l ang

M at i —x a -

en Sh an t y a -
b on g

ll ’
p o ns, i pl nc n ts , a n d utens il s

mm
E ng is l h N aba l oi v
E ng i s l h N ab a l oi

mm
B o w o f w ood b c ka ng -

Il l p a na - 1 B uy e ka l k a l - -

en

B o wst r i n g g u a n it u i -

pa p a K i f (b l
n e o e ) a -

t ak
A r ro w p a na
-

Sh th ea a —t i p
N o tc hi n c n d o f a rr o w s ed -

da p al
-
to k

m
f o r b o w s t ri n g F o rk tc n e - -

rol ( S p t en e
, d or )

A rrow s h aft of w oo d p a ~n a ki -
u T a b ] es on ( w o o d en ) i -

r us

A rro w s h af t o f r ee d p a na b id o K n ife

m
-

W ar l c ub pap a S a ll p o en k n i fe t a—ad

W ar p s ea r k a—y a ng P en k u i l e d an -

si -

ta (S p l anz e ta )

m
.

Fi h p p Pl p di p

m
m
s s ea r t a ra - -
an g at e (i o rte ro n i n g ka n -

th

m
Shi l d e ka l a - -
sa i or ea r w en a re

Fi h lis ne i -
x it pl at e -

)
Fi h h s k oo b i ng ng u i t -

C p li ( t ub e , A bow l u n g —o t

N et fo r c a tc h i ng fi s h b al -

ch o a d e of one -

h lf a of

Pip e ( of an y at e k u a ko -
a c o c oan u t )
l Oll b a ng

m
ri a a a
-

Pi p es t e ( o f r ee d or bu -
qi ng C pp o er k et t l e ka I n b a ng -

of wo o d) W at e r p ot.
sa -

l ao
Fi h b s as ke t b ug -
l ut Sie ve a x i ak - -

Tb Pl d

mm
o ac c o t a b a ko
- -
ow a ra c - -

ho (S p , a ra o)

. l ig ar p a ri s
-
[I nr w sa -
l ui -

sui

C i g a re t t e s a ~ka -

r il d y o ( ( Eo r r
-

Si c k l e c ut l ’
-

ke

Mi n

1 T h e b o w i s n o t i n us e n o w i n t i s t r i b e T h e wor h d q “
u i ve r
”
ig h t be re n d d e re b a l ei —to l uf p a n a
"

h
.

( o u s e o f t h e a rro w )
d l p l pp d
.

2 N o t us e b y t h e I b a oi B u y o i s a i e c e o f b e te n u t ( th e f r u i t o f A r r c a c a tec h a ) w ra in
’
e a
-

ld d l pp l l d wi h d
.

”
fo e ea f o f i e r b e te T i k o t h t t h v i n g fi rs t b e e n c o a t e t li f ro
( )
“
e a e r a e a e
h ll l,

d d ld T l h d by h
.
,
”
T h e i t t l e i s k s o fo r e , c al e i c h é i n ag a o g , i s c e w e t e n a t i v es a l l o v e r
“
o y s t er s e s
l d
.

th e I s an s .

\V OO D E N WA R E

M o r ta r 1 du -

so n A h llo o w c a a b as h l to ku b c -

P tl es e1 b a yo -
b ri n g w a t er i n

A ba b oo to b ri ng d ao as — l A w oo d en fo o dt ra y c h it y o -

w a t er i n

1 h h
F o r t r e s i ng a n d h ll i
u ng ri c e
pi l h lt
.

J ar v e d o u t o f o n e ec e , co p r i s i ng o ne o r t w o b o w l s fo r b o i ed ri c e an d ea t , wit sa

ce ll ar , et c .
1 54

W ea p m
m
mm
o ns
TH E

,
i p le
N A B A L OI

en ts , an d u tei t s il s

I R ON T OOL S
D I A L E CT

’
w -
t
Co n in u ed

m m
E ng i s l h N ab al o i E n g i sh l N ab a l oi

m m
A xe g ua sai
-
K ni f e pi o nt ng o r o -

m
dz ch a p ak K ni f e e dg

m
A e — e t a re -

H oe ka b y i -

B o r er ko l o k o l - -

K n ife t a ad -

Ha er of st on e o r pap a
-

K n i fe h dlan e s a d n ng i ro n

M isc el l aneou s ar t ic l es

E ng i s l h N ab a l oi

m
m
H o rn l dl
a e i ru s d ya sak d ud

m
- -

F l ute tu l a d i - -

D ru su l i b ao ; k i b al

m
- - -

G g on or et a l pl a t es kal -
sa ; pin
-
sa k

Sp lit h h dd

m
i ng w b ea t en ag a i n s t w r i s t (n o t u ri n g k on g k ang

m
c a n e, u en u se pé bu
- -

rai n y s eas o n ) k ang )

S a ll ti n o r b r ass pl at e w it ht o ng u e o u t in c e n t er ; h ld b
e e f or e ou t h ko -
di ng

a n d s tr u c k w i th t u h b ( t h e ew j ’
s -
h p)
ar

B AS K E T WA R E

m m
B as k et f o r s w ee t .
ptt o a o es , c ar r i e d on b ac k an d su pp or t e d b y b an d ka y a b an g - -

p ass i n g o v e r th e h d ea

R d l k et f or ex p o hp p d

m
u e s k e et o n b as rt in g I ri s o t a t o es sa -
l i an -

( r o n ou n c e
“
sa ly an
”
)
L ar g e b ow l h pd
—s a e b as et k of fi n e w o rk an s hip t k p o ee r i c e or c off e e t ad tad -

b eans
S all b ut s t ron g wic ke r b as ket w o r n h ung f ro th e s h ldou er ; th e p al t en g

mm
-

p h lf k d I g
k et ”
of th e or o t

m
“
oc a -
na e

Sq l t li g b k t h l
”
u ar e o r o v a r av e n as e , s o rt o f ta p i pi , b ut t h e t w o a v es u -
f i kan -

hi g d t g th
n e ido e er o n o ne s e as a p ort an t eau ; h ig h l -

c ass w or k
h ip
ans

m
G l yi g k f
en era c ar r n rac or en chagi -

I M I L E M E N T S F OR S E
’
WI N G WE A V I N G
, , S PI N N I N G ,
E TC .

Th d r ea s ai 0t -

To s ew a na i t - -

To e b r oi d er an -

p ad
-
da

To c ut ko o

p61
N ee dl e ch a -
ko
S c iss o rs ka d i -

B u tt o n s b u t i n is ( S p - -
b ot on es )
Co tt o n c l th w h i t w i t h b l
o , e u e o r r ed b or d er s t r i p es 1 k o l n b ao - -

Co t ton l th
c o l ti l d
, u c o o re , s tri pde s t u ff ; l
b ac k ,
b l ue r ed ye ll ow b a k ed -

s t r i p es 1

Co t to n c l th h q
o , c e u er e dd es i g n , b l ac k an d r ed o r b l ac k and wh i t e ka -
b ai y a c h o - -

s q u ares 1

1 I l o c a n o c o t t o n s t uff s os t in u se a ong I g o r o t .
 m
m mm
156
.
TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT

N u ul cers —
Co n t in u e d

mm m
C A R D I N A L — Co n ti nn e d

E ng i s l h N ab a o i l E ng li h
s N a b al o i

m
F i ft ee n s a —w a l n e di a On e h un d re d h t r ee san da -

su s t an t a d d o

Si x te e n sa -

w al n e an n i On e h un d re df ou r san da -

sus tan a pp at

S e v e n t ee n sa -

w al ne p i tt o On e h un d re dfi ve s an d a —s u s t a n di a

E ig ht w al l On e h d d i da t an an n i

mm
ee n sa -
no g ua o un re s x s an -

sus

m
N i n e te en sa -

w al n e d s i a On e h un d re d s e v en s an da -

sus t an pi t to

Tw en t y c h iia
’
-

p l il
’

o On e h un d re d ig h t
e s an da -

s us ta n g u a l o

Tw en tv on e -

c h i i a —p i i l o
’ ’

sa x e i ( or On e h un d re d i n ne san da -

sus ta n d s i a
ka d d o -

n e s a x ei ) On e h un d re dt en sa n da -

s us ta n sa

Tw hu h p l

m
e n t y ~t w o c a pd lo c ua u o
-

l w e n t y —t h ree el u l a t dd h d d l
’

piilo
’

On e
’ ‘
-

a e un re e e v en s an d a—s u s t a n sa

l w e n ty f o u r
’ ‘
-

ch i ia
’

pi i l o
’

app t a p l u o tan s a x ei

Tw ent y -

fi v e chiia
’
-

pii l o di a On e h d d tw l
un re e ve sa n da -

s us ta n sa

Tw e n t y —s i x c l n i a —p i i l o a n n i
' '

p l u o tan c h ua

Tw en t y s e v e n
-

el n l a
’
-

pi i l o
’

p i tt o T wo h d d un re c h ua d as u s
J w en t y
' ‘
-

eig ht ch i ia
’
-

p i tl o g ua
’

l o Th h d d re e un re ta dd e d a s us
Tw ent y n ine p th
c iti l a
’

d s ia F ourh d d un pp at d as u s

m
i i re a

m
- -

m
Th i rt y ta dd p l e -

u o Fi h d d
ve un re di a d as u s
Th i rt y on e
-
ta dd p l e -

u o s a ke i (o r Si h x d d un re an n i d asu s
k a —a p p a t n e -

s a x ei ) S ev enh d d un re pi t to d a s u s

m
F o rt v a p p a t~p u l o E ig h t h d d un re g ua l d o as o s

F i ft v di p l a u o Ni h d d
ne un d si a d as h s

m
-

re

m m
S ix t y ann i p l — u o O th
ne d o u s an sa n d ib o

S e v en t v pi p l t to u o On e—h al f (i n l e n g t h)
}
-

h ty l p l h l f (i q k a —g u cl a

m
-

E ig g ua o -

u o On e -

a n ua n t i t y )

m
N i n et v d i p l
s ai n u o All a— in

m
-

m
On e h d d
un re san da -

s us So e ac -

h u

On e h d d
un re one s an d a s us -

tan sa x e i N one an c h -
i
On e h d d tw
un re o san da -

s us ta n on h a

mm
mm
m
OR D I N A L

F i rs t a -

p ang -

du E ig h t een t h ai saw a l ig l u ua o

Sec o n d ni a i -

k ad g u a -
'

N n e te e n t h i na i w l i d i
Sa a u s a

Th i d r i n a i —ka dd o Tw e n t ie t h a i h c p l ua u o

F o u rt h ai ka p at Th i h rt i e t ni a i t dd p l
a e u o

F if t h ni a i ka di a F ti th
or e rn a i pp t p l
a a u o

Six t h ai kad a n n i F i f i th t e a i di p l a u o

S ev e n t h ai k ap i tt o Si xi t et h a i i
ann p l u o

E igh th i na i kag u a l o S e v en t ie th rn a i pi t p l t o u o

N i th n ai ka d s i a h t i th
E ig e a i g l p l
ua o u o

T th en ai ka s a pulo Ni t i th ne e a i d i p l
s a u o

E l e v en t h n i a i sa w a l u i sa x e l O h d d th
ne un re rn a i s a n d as u s
Tw lf h e t a i sa wa l ui c h ua Tw h d d th
o un re rn a i c h uan d es u s
Th i t r e en t h n i a i sa wa l u i t ad d o F h d d th
o ur un re i na i a pp at d as u s
F o u r te e n t h a i sa wal n i a pp at Fi h d d th
ve un re ni ai di a d a s us
F i f te e n t h ai s a w a l ni di a S h d d th
e v en un re ai p i tt o d as u s
Si x te e n th a i sa wa l u i an n i
’ ‘
l lu s a n d th n i a i sa n di l io

S e v en t ee n t h a i sa wa l ui pi t to L as t an a i n u d -
 m
mmm
m
m
m m
mm
TH E N A R A L OI D I A L E CT

m m
m
N nbc rs— Co n i n ue dt

m
N UM ER AL A D VER BS D EN O TI N G RE PE T I T I ON OF A CT I ON
E ng i s l h . N ab a o i l E ng is l h N ab a o i l
On c e p i ns ak F o u r t een t i es pi n
-
l pp t
sa w a a a

Twi ce p i n c h ua F i f t ee n t i es pi n
-

saw l di a a

Th i r ce p i n t ad d o Si x t ee n t i es p in
-

saw l i a an n

F o u r ti es p in a p pat S ev e n t ee n t i es pi n
-

saw l pit a to

m
ht w l g l

m
Five ti es p ind i a E ig een ti es pin
-

sa a ua o

Six ti es p i n a n ni N i n e t ee n t i es p in
-

saw l d i a s a

S e v en t i es p i n p i t to Tw en t y ti es p in ch p l ua u o

m
E ig h t ti es p i ng u a l o Th i rt y ti es p in l a dd p l o u o

mm
N i n e ti es p in d sia F o r ty t i es p in app t p l a u o

T en t i es pi np ul o F if t y t i es pin di p a u lo

E l ev e n ti es p i n —s a w a l i
sax e One , h d d ti
un re es p i n d as u s
Tw l e ve ti es pin
-

saw a l h c ua Five h d d ti
un re es p in di a d as u s
Th i t r ee n ti es pin
-

sa w a l ddta e On e th d ti o us a n es p in d ib o

M U L T I l L l CA T I V E S
’

m
T wo fo ld -

to p e
-

l h i rt een f o
' ‘
ld -

l dd p
s aw a ta e to e

Th f l dree -

o ta dd e to p e F t f ld
o u r ee n -

o saw pp p al a at to e

f ld pp p f ld w l di

m
m
F o u r —
o a at to e F if te e n -
o sa ap a to e

m
f ld di t p f ld w l p

m
Fi ve -

o a e e Si t x een -

o sa i a ann te e

Si x f ld
-

o anni t p o e S f ld
e v en t ee n — o saw l pit p
a t o to e

Se v en f ld -

o pi t t o te p e Ei ht g f ld
een -
o saw l g l tpa ua o e e ,

E ig h t f l d l f ld w l d i t p

m
-

o g ua o top e Ni n e t ee n -
o sa a s a o e

m
-

Ni f ld
nc -

o d s ia to p e T w ty f l den -

o ch p l tp ua u o o e

T f ld
en — o sa i n p l p u o to e Th i ty f l d
r -

o tadd p l po u o to e

El f ld
e v en -

o sa w l a i p sa x e te e F y f ld
ort -

o app p l t p at u o o e

Tw l f ld w l h p to F i ft y f l d — o di p l p to

mm
e v e~ o sa a c ua e a u o e

DIS T R I B UTI V ES

On e t o eac h s a n —s s i -

ke i sa x ei F o u r t e en to ea c h s a n s is- -

k ei sa -
p l u o

T w o to ea c h s a n s i s —k e i c
-

h ua ta n a pp at

Th r ee t o ea c h s a n s is
- -

ke
. i t dd a e F i f t ee n t o eac h s a n s is- -

kei sa -
p l u o

Fo u r t o ea c h s a n s i s ~k e
-

i pp t
a a ta n di a

F i v e to ea c h s a n si -

s~ kei d i a Si x tee n t o ea c h s a n s is- -

kei sa — u o p l
S i x to ea c h s a n s is
- -

ke i un n i ta n an ni

S ev en t o e a c h s a n s is
—
ke i p i tto S e v e n te en to ea c h 5 a n s is
s - -

k ei s ani -

p l u o

E ig ht t o ea c h s a n s i s —k ei
-

g u al o ta n pi t to

N in e to ea c h s a n —s i s -
ke i d s i a E ig h t een to e a c h s a n s is- -

k ei sa -

p ul o

T en t o ea c h s an—s i s —k e i s a -

pl u o ta n g u a l o

E l e v en t o ea c h s a n s is
- —
k ei sa p l— u o N i n e t ee n t o ea c h s a n s is —k ei
-
sa -

p l u o

t an s a x ei ta n d s i a

Tw l e ve to ea c h san -

s is ~k e i sa -
p l
u o l w en t y
' ‘

t o eac h s a n —s i s -

k ei h p l
c ua u o

tan c h ua Th i t y r t o ea c h san s is - -

ke i t dd p l
a e u o

Th i r t ee n t o e ac h sa n s i s
- -

ke i sa -

p l
u o F o rt y t o ea c h s a n sis - -
ke i pp t p l
a a u o

t a n tad d e F i fty to ea c h s a n —s i s —k e i di p l a u o
158

m
m
mm
m
mm
m
m
TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT

m
mm
m
m
E ng i s l h N ab a l oi

m
D ry eas u r es fo r r i c e , c o ffee , e t c : .

ll d p th d d i t f w h i h
d p pa g

m
S a ,
r o un ,
O en b as ket , e an a e er o c ta -
n -
an

ar e h ld t e p d with t k
o c o rr es f l g th on easu r es a en ro en

o f a fi g d f n p b tw
er an ut t t h d h bro s an e een o s re c e t u

an d fi t fi g rs p ti l y n er , r es ec ve

iz ll i g t 1 l 1 % t
"

mm
l w
‘

(1 ) C t t
o s es : o n en s se n a r ea —
1 2 c en s ,

M xi ll i g t

m
(2 )
e t t c an ; l 5 t c on en s s e n a 2 r ea es = 2 c en s ,

M xi e c an

l th i t d d by Sp i d d ”
b “
A so e ca an n ro uc e a n ar s an co

ly p on t d b f reti h t f th
r es en e y ou r es t e c o n e n ts o e

t g l
r ec fi g llan il u ar ve a on o c an
-

L ong ea s u r es :

To e as u re ai -
do -
x od

L en g t h of fi rs t fi n g er d o —x ed
S p an b e t w een t i p s o f o u t s t re t c h d th be u an d i dd l e fi n g er k a g u an -

F ro i dd l e of b r eas t t o t i p o f i dd l fi g e n e r o f o u ts t r e t c hd e v a ra or, ka g u - -

c h ua

ar ch i pa-

Fu ll p s r e ad of b ot h ar s f ro t ip of one i dd l e fi n g er t o ch i pa-

th e ot h er

m
L an eas u r es :

(1) fi
F orl d t h ric e
b i t t d
e f b d l f p dd y
s, e nu er s s a e o un es o a a pp t p l a u o k at a na i 1

y i l d d b y t h fi l d e e e e s

m
( )
2 F p t or l d t h b
as u re f l i t and h t e nu er o c at t e s s a te t a k u s —to n i b u n g d e Z -
‘
-

q i
,

fi d ffi i p t n suth i
c en t as u re o n e a r ea n u est o n

ig h t g ld d t ( p i

m
W l )

m
e f eas u res f or o us a a r o s c a es ta l a d y o
- -

W ig h t f M d ll ld Sp i h C l d ll ”
i ti b an g p i s u s
“
e o e x c an o ar or o an s a r os o ar - -

W ig h t f S p i h 50 t pi lp

m
ti g sa a i
an s c en —b an

mm
e o -

ec e

W e ig h t f S p i ho l pi an s 2 -
r ea ec e ti -
b a ng b i n t i n g -

W e ig h t f S p i h l
o l pi an sf b z pi -

i
r ead b y th ec e o r o ro n e ec e c o n e e ti -

b an g si -
ka p a t -

I g o ro t

m m
1 F or t y b u n dl es o f p dd y
a .
2 S uf fi c i en t for 5 0 h d ea o f c at t e l .

mm
D ivis i o n f ti

m
o e

m
E ng i s l h N ab a o i l E n g is l h N ab a l oi

m mm
A y ear t a é en -
N ig h t kal b i a n , -
a -
d aw i -

m
A oon b u l an -
S un r is e na a k ou - -

On e -
q u a r ter x
w a i ng i -
x ai ba -
l al to -
M o r ni n g ka b u b t i - -
’
-
s an

oon d
M i f ore n oo n si -
a -
ki t i -
si -
ki d
T WO -
q u a r t e rs wa xi ng t ad d o b a l a l t o
- - -
N oo n ka -

a -
ka u -

ah

m
m
o on A f t ern oo n i n as g i l
- -

Th r ee -
q u ar t e rs w ax an g -
ka b u k n al -
S u ns et i n ai
- -
si -

pi
-
si b

i ng oon D us k a -
da wi -

Fu ll oo n ai -
pi ng —i l
; o r , a ~
b 1 ik E v en i n g i -
a c -

h e

n ol M id ig h t n i nan k a u
- - -
a e d a wi -

Th r ee -
q u a r t ers w an a -

p i g ni
- -
s an D a y b ef o re y es ter d ay
'

ka -
ch i -
a n s ax ei

i ng oon Y es t er d ay ka -
ch i -

an

T wo -
q u ar t e rs w a n i ng an g ‘
k a ko - -

o ti k -
To -
d ay ni -
an

o on To -
o rr o w ka b u a - -
san

On e -
q ua r ter w an i n g a -
ko o t i k - -

D ay af t er to -

o r ro w bu -
as to

oon N ow ( a d v er b ) ui -

an

M oo n h s o w i ng ri n ed n ed : o r , -
d c ~n ed P as t ti e ( a d v er b ) n un ta n -

o f l ig h t F ut u r e ti e ( a d v er b ) a -
ka i , a sa n e - -

a -
kou A s ec o n d or i s
n t a n t 2 s a x ei ka -
ri n u b - -
da -

an

A d ay (2 4 h o u rs ) s ax ei a -
k o u ta n sa x ei D aw n an g -
k a i t el g u ag - -

a~
da -

wi 1

1 On e d ay an d o n e ni g t h
h Ti
.

I n t h e sen s e o f a v er y s ti (L it fo r f ew w h i tf s of
’
-
o rt e . . : e a to b a c c o .
)
 mm
m
1 60 TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT

A n tot a l s —
Co n i n u edt
B I R DS

E n g is l h N a b al o i E n g is l h N ab a l oi

m
B ir d pa
-

y ad u ak

H en u —b u—a n H o rn b i ll ka l o u -

m
Co c k k ao i t a n - -

H e ro n a n d c r a n e b i —t i l
J u ng e l h en u b ua n n i an -

a no k
-

p
S i ne k wat
J un gl e c oc k k a o i ta n ui an ~ a P t a r ro u -

li n g eh -

P q a rr o u et u l is -

Wi l dd uc k ng a -

la Pig eo n k a l a —p a — -

ti ; 0 1
'
k a

p u x ao
H awk lu a—t e
p
- -

PA R TS OF T H E B OD Y OF B I R D S

F ea t h e rs b ag o -

H ea d t o k to k -

Bi ll n g u—s i b N ec k b uk d ou

m
-

M ou t h b un g o t B o dy a n g oel -

l iz z a rd ka -

l a n g a—h a n -

B ac k b u ng -

n eg

W i ng
’

I n t es t i n es s u sti t -

pa
-

y ad
T i l f th

m
~ h
a ta a ea e rs p ol c us

m
-

t an g i d a - -
ul po -

N o s t ri l a -

d en g F oo t sa -

di

E ye l id pa
-

lo -

ai ~a t ko -

xo

mm
FI SH , ETC .

F is h i k an
-

Cra b ka -

d an g

E el ki ~w o d

PA R T S OF T H E B OD Y ETC OF F I S H

m
.
, ,

M ou t h b u n g —o t a -

ta
B r ea s t fi n dd
B la er bi -

ru n g

Be ll y fi n
i fa i
G lla ab ~k o
l
-

B a c k fi n S c a es s i k si k

mm
-

T ai l fi n To swi a ng ai - -

k ai

RE PTI L E S ,
E
' ‘
0 .

l F ro g ( s al l) b a k b a k ah - -
‘

(b i g ) i -

r eu
I

Li z d (b i g )
ar ti l a i -

(s a ll ) u -
l oeg

L iz d ( ll )
ar s a a -
d u ti i d - -

I N SE C TS
a —b u -

b u ka u -

F l ea te -
il

A nt, t h ree ki n d s u bo -

a ~p a n g ~a t

ka b —k a b G r ass h ppo er b u d a— -
d eng

d
B e b ug k i te p -

L o c us t c h u —r o n

po
-

d i o ka n -

L o use k u —t o

B ee tl e (t u b l eb u g ) ,
ki i s -

M ag g o t di -

as

tw o ki n d s d o g d og -

M os q it u o i -

ok

l b ul b i i l —o Spi d
’

B u t t er f y k ai ~a1 1 g u a
’
-

er a - -

Ca t e r p i ll ar k u b ao - -

e ng W p (y ll
as e ow ) a —b i u n g a n - -
 mm
mmm E n g is h l
TH E

N a b al o i
N A B A L OI

P l a nts
D I A L E CT

E ng is l h N ab a oi l
1 61

m
h

m
B ud o f t ree an -

b u b ng is -

B r us (l o ( it -

m
L ‘
. ai b u l o ng -

b un g -

ll l l ll l ) p an g a
-

F o res t ka k i t i —a h -
’

Ou ts i d e b ark F ru i t .
d a nu es -

B od v of t ru n k b ag d a n g -

( l r as s a wl e t

Stu p t o n g ot -

Th i c k et sa l H i id

R ip

m
R oot (l a ad i i u
’
-

ot e

T r ee po
-

on U n ri p e a neng
-

(L it
“
N ot
W oo d ”

m
yet )

m
lcr

m
s

E n g is l h N ab al o i E n g is l h N ab a l oi

m
N o rt h a— ia n a n -

t i v er p ft d o k
-

W a t e r fa ll ai -

p i as
a — -

p as

m
Sou t h a -

ba —
g a ta n
-

L a ke a b an a o c h an u

Wes t (l a—l i t: or, l tt

’
-

ut (b r o a dw a te r )
M o u n tai n h u n —t u k b a i —b a i

m
c
Co u n t r y ( o f a na tio n

m
’

l l il l p el og b i t —d a i
p pl
-

Pl ain c h ak —d a n
or eo e )

mm
}
’

1 an

m
Sp
a s1 1 - 1

i1 i 1

m
r in g

m m
i nu— an
G p h h
-

H ot s p ri ng a si n -

(s a t ) l ro u o f I g o ro t o u s es b a l ei -

( o us es )
B ro o k si ng i -

1 T h e l l o c ano w o r d “
il i
”
is use d . b ut os t ly t d o es i g n a t e C h r i st i an to w n s .

' l
( r co r ap /I l o na cs
g

h b i ll i t d b l

m
S ab l an : A c e r tai n t r ee w i t r an re oss o s .

o
r
o
( 71 1 a kd a n ; o r, d kla an : A l l p l i th h i ll
eve ac e n e s .

o t
I
g
K a p a w a y (o l d na e o f h i B g i ) Op
ra n c er a a u o : en , g ra ss c o v e r e
-

dl d an s .

pl wh il h w
t i

f
o B a l a n g a w an : A ac e d t th
ere r e so s o s a e s u r fa c e .

l
o a
s b Th u s al s o :

l d h h i ll pl

mm
e I
e K ap ta ng a n : T h e w a r an — t at is ,
th e wa r fo o t s an d ai n s w es t a n d s o u th
a h
t
N of B eng u et .

1 N a es to d es i g n a t e c er ta i n pl a c es o r l oc a l iti w h e t er i n
es , h h a b it e d o r no t , a re co on l v take n
f ro th e o st .
p ro i nen t or os t n o t e w o r t h y n a t u r a f e a t u r es l of t h e sa e .

c
'
c o r o l o g ic a nd o th er
p h ys ic a l
p l no c na a n a o hjc c fs
’

E ng is l h N a b al o i E ng is l h N ab a l oi

C l d ou or c ou l d s k ul po t : -
o r , a ~b l en g I u r re n t a -

yus
d ang -

it E dd y d i w un -

H o ri z on ki l i g -
ui d ang -

it Ov e r f l ow (b i g w a t er ) ab a t e k c h anu

au se o f l ig h t {i —k o u 1 R ai n -

ra n

c a u se of. si kit -
Th un d er ke -

r ul

L ig ht nin g b a g i ~d a t -

1F or co p a r a t i v e s tu d y b ea r i n in t at t h e d h v ery d a r kl y p ro n o u n c e d “
on
”
in a ko u , p al o u
an d s i i l ar wo r d s is th e “
ac
”
o f th e I o c ano l .
 m
mmm
mmm
1 62 TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT

m
M eteor o l og i c an d oth er h
p ys ic a l p h en o en a an d o bj
ec ts — Co n t in u ed

E ng i s l h N a b al o i E ng i s l h N a b a oil
M oo n b u l an -
Wi d n ch a -

g oe
Fu ll o on pi ng -
i1 W h i l wi d r n a -

d i f u t f ut - -

Pl an ets a n d s t a rs ta l ao -

Typh oo n p u (B k
-

A u r o ra a -
b u b tak i -
si -
ki t Th g d
e ro u n b u d ai -

R ai n b o w b u ng d u l -
D us t d ep p o k -

F og ku l p ot -
M ud p i t oi
-

F r os t an g c -
h p a S an d bi -

si l

Ha il d an t e -
Sa l t a si n
-

W a ter ch anu -

R oc k ,
st on e b a to -

I ag e re ec te d
fl by E ar t hq u a ke y ek -

yek
w a t er a -
di -
ru S h o w er sa n a -
te -

x a n e i i ra n
-

Sh d a ow H ea v y ra i n a ch -
i ki s ti ra n
-

F oa u sab -

M o rn i n g s t ar Ma -
d -

as

W av e eh a d u y o n - -

L I N E A L D E S CE N D A N TS OF S E L F , M A L E S P E A K I N G 1

E ng is l h N ab a oi l
My so n a~n a k ko-

My
’

}
so n s so n
a p o ko n an p i n sa k
d ht
- -

My
’
s on s aug er
’
My
’
s o n s s o n s so n

My so n s
’
d a ug ht ’
er s s o n
a po -
nan ka p i n c h u a
My
’
d au g h ter
’
s o n s so n s

My son s
’
d au g ht er s
’
d au g ht er

My
’ ’ ’
s o n s s o n s s o n s so n

d g ht

m
My
’ ’ ’
s o n s s o n s so n s au er
—
a po ko n a n k ap i n t ad d o
d ght
-

My
’

m
’ ’
s on s so n s au e r s so n

m
My
’
so n s s o n s
’
d g ht d
au er s
’
aug ht er

My d au g ht er ana k -

ko
My d g ht d ht
’

m
}

m
au er s aug er
a p o ko n a n p i ns a k
My d g ht
- -

’
au er s so n

m
My d g ht
’ ’
au er s s o n s s o n

My d g ht d g ht
’ ’
au er s so n s au er

m
a p o ko n a n k ap i n c h ua
My d ght d ght
- -

m
’ ’

mm
au er s au er s s o n

My d g ht d ght d g ht
’ ’
au er s au er s au er

My d g ht d g ht
’ ’ ’
au er s au er s s o n s s o n

My d ght d ght d h t er
’ ’ ’
au er s au er s s o n s au g
a p o ko ka p i n ta d d o
My d g ht d g ht
- -
n an
’
d gh t
’ ’
au er s au er s au er s son

My d g ht d ght d g ht d ht
’ ’ ’
au er s au er s au er s a ug er

L I N E A L A S CE N D A N T S OF S EL F, M A L E S PE A K I N G 1

M y f at h er a -

ak

M y fa th f at h k
’
er s er a a n an a a

M y fa th h i n a n an ak
’
er s ot er -
a

th h fat h
’
M y fa f at
’
er s er s er

M y fa th fat h er th
’ ’
er s s o er

M y fa th er s
’
ot h er s
’
fa th er
a a k
M y fa th th h
’
ot
’
er s o er s er

1 L i nea ld
es c en d an ts of se lf fe l
a e s p ea k i ng ; li ln ea asc en d an ts o f s e lf fe a e s l p ea k i ng ; and fi rs t
co ll l
at er a l i n e, f e l
a e sp ea k i ng
,

, ar e sa e as a esl p ki ea ng .
,
1 64 m
m
mm
m
a ri ne/r

m
TH E N A B A L OI

m
K i ns h ip ti n d

m
—Co n ue

mm
A FFI N I T I E S T H R OU G H TH E M A R R I A G E OF S E L F ,
MALE S PE A K I N G 1

E ng i s l h N ab a o i l
M y w ife a —s a -

g o ak
-

M y w ife
’
s f at h er a a n an as ag oa k ; o r, i na p ok
-

M y w i fe
’
s fa t h er s
’
fat h er
a p o n an a s ag o a k
th h
-

M y w i fe fa
’ ’
s er s ot er

M y w if e fa th b ro th p a n g —a
’ ’
s er s er -
a eu nan
-

as ag o a k

M y w i fe fa th th w i fe p
’
b ro a an
’ ’
s er s er s as ag o a n a n a n g —a - -

n a n as ag o a k

M y w i fe th e r s s i s t er p i n a a h n an
’
fa
’
s a ng - - -

a s ag o ak

M y w i fe fa th e r s s i s t er s h d p
’
u sb an
’ ’
s as ag o a n a n an g -

i na an n a n
- -
as a g o a k

M y w i fe
’
s ot h er i n a n an a s ag o ak

M y w if e
’
s ot h er s
’
fa t h er
a p o n an as ag oa k
th h
-

M y w i fe
’ ’
ot

m
s o er s er

M y w i fe th b ro th
’ ’
s o er s er p an g a aan n a n as ag o a k

M y w ife th b ro th wife aan

’ ’ ’
s o er s er s a sa g o a n a n p a ng a n a n as ag o a k

M y w i fe th e r s s i s t er
’
p a n g i naa n n an
’
s o a s ag o a k

M y w i fe th e r s si s t er s h d p a n g i n aan n a n
’ ’ ’
s o u sb an a s ag o a n a n as ag o a k

M y w i fe
’
s e ld er b ro t h er ag i p an g u d u a n n a n asag o a
M y w i fe ld th w i fe
’
b ro
’
s e er er s as a g o a n a n p an g u d u an n a n as ag o a k

M y w if e
’
s y o u n g e r b ro t h er ag i u ri c hi a n n a n as ag oa k

M y w i fe th hi
’
y o u ng er b ro w if e
’
s er s a s ag o a n an u r i c a n n an a s ag oa k

M y w i fe
’
s b ro t h er s s o n
’

k nan a g i n an as ag o a k
th d ht an a
M y w ife
’ ’
s b ro er s aug er

M y w i fe
’
s e ld er s i s t er p a n g u d u an n an as ag o ak

M y w i fe
’
s e ld er s i s t er s
’
h u s b an d as ag o a n an p an g u d u a n n a n asag o a k

M y w ife ’
s y o u ng er s i s t er u ri c hi an n a n as ag o ak

M y w i fe ’
s y o un g e r s i s t er s
’
h us b a n d as ag o a n a n u r i c hi a n n a n a s ag o a k

M y w ife ’
s s i s t er s so n
’

k n a n ag i n an asag o ak
M y w i fe ’
s s i s t er s
’
d a ug ht er
an a

1 S ee f o o t n o t e at b o t to ofpg 1 3 a e 6 .

A F FI N I T I E S T H R OU G H REL A TI VE S ,
F I R S T COL L A T E R A L LI N E

My e ld er b r ot h er s
’
w if e as ag oa n a n p ang u d u an -
k0

My ld th
’
wi fe s s i s t er p an g u d u a n
’
e er b ro er s ag i n an as ag oa n a n -
k0
My ld th w i fe
’
b ro
’
e er e r s s on s
as a g o a n a n an a k n a n p a n g u d u an k0
ld th d ht h d
-

My
’ ’
e er b ro er s au g er s us b a n

My e ld er b ro t h er
’
s so n s s o n s
’ ’
w i fe
p a n g u d u an kc
ld h d ht d ht h d as a g o a n a n ap o n a n -

My
’ ’
b ro t u sb a n
’
e er er s au g er s a ug er s

My e ld er s i s t er s
’
h u s b an d as ag o a n a n p an g u d u an
-
k0
My e ld er s i s t er s
’
h u s b an d ’
s s i st er ag i n an asag o a n a n p a n g u d u an
-

k0
My e ld er s i s t e r s
’
d a ug ht er s
’
h u sb a n d as ag o a n a n an ak n a n p a n g u d u an k0
ld
-

My er s i s t er s s o n s
’
w i fe
’
e

My e ld er s i s t er s s o n s s o n s
’ ’ ’
w i fe
p an g u d u an k0
ld d ht d ht h d asag o a n a n ap e n a n -

My
’
er s i s t er s u s b an
’ ’
e a ug er s aug er s

M y y o u n g er b ro th wi fe hi
’
er s as ag o a n an u ri c an -
k0
M y y o u n g er b r o th w i fe
’ ’

M y y o u n g er b ro th
e r s son s

er s
’
d au g ht er s
’
h u s b an d as ag o a n a n an ak u r i c hi an -
k0

M y y o u ng er b ro th w i fe
’ ’ ’

M y y o u n g er b ro th
er s s on s s o n s

er s
’
d au g ht er s
’
d a ug ht ’
er s h u sb a n d as a g o a n an ap o n a n u r i c hi an -
k0

M y y o u ng er s is t e r
’
s h us b an d as ag oa n a n u ri c hi an -

k0
M y y o un g er s i s ter w i fe
’ ’

M y y o u n g er s is t er
’
s s on s

s d au g ht er s
’
h u s b an d as ag o a n a n an a k n a n u r i c hi an -
k0

M y y o u ng er s is t er w i fe
’ ’ ’
s so n s s o n s
1 as ag o a n a n ap o n a n 1 1 r 1 c h i a n ~ko
d ht d h d
'

M y y o un g er S i s te r 5 a ug er s au g h t er s us b a n l
 m
m m
m
TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT 1 65

m
t
I x i ns l i ip — Co n in u e d
'

m m
A FF I N I T I E S T H R OU G H T H E M A R R I A GE O F S E L F , F E MA L E S PE A K I N G
Eng is l h N a b a oi l
My h u s b an d as a g o a k

M y h u s b an d ’
s fa t h er a a n a n as ag o a k

M y h us b an d ’

s fa t h er s
’
fa t h er

d th th
a I ) o n a n as ag o ak .

M y h u sb a n fa
’ ’
s er s o er

My h u s b an d ’
s fa th er s
’
b ro t h er p an g —a -

a an n a n
-

as ag o a k

My h d fa t h er b th w i fe
’
u sb an
’ ’
s s ro er s 1 1 8 11 3 0 11 1 1 11 1 1 MU M —11 4 1 1 51 4 1 11 1 1 11 11 aSB S OR k
My h us b an d fa t h er s s i st er p i n a ah
’ ’
s an g - - -

n a n as ag o a k

My h d fa th e r s si s t e r s h d p
’ ’
us b a n
’
usb a n s a sa g o a n a n an g -

i n a an n a n
- -

a s ag o a k

My h u s b an d o t h er i na n a n
’
s as ag o a k

m
My h us b a n d h fa t h
’ ’
s ot er s er

My h d th h a p o n an a s ag o a k
u s b an
’ ’
s o er s ot er

M y h usb and th b ro th p
’ ’
s o er s er an g a - -

a an n a n
-

a sag o a k

My h usb an d ’
s o th er s
’
b ro t h er s
’
w i fe as ag o a n a n p a n g a nn t an
’

n a n as a g o a k

My h u s b an d th er s si s t er p a n g i n aa n n a n
’ ’
s o a s ag o a k

My h d o t h e r s si s t e r s h
’
us b an us b an d
’ ’
s a s ag o a n a n p a n g i n aa n n a n as a g o a k

My h usb an d l d b ro t h p a n g u d u an
’
s e er er n a n as a g o a k

My h d ld th

m
’
u s b an b ro w if e
’
s e er er s as ag o a n an p a n g u d u an n a n as a g o a k

m
My h u s b an d y o u n g e r b ro t h u ri c hi
’
s er a n n a n as ag o a k

M y h u sb an d ’
s y o u n g er b r o t h er s
’
w if e as ag o a n a n u r i c hi a n n a n as a g o a k

M y h u s b an d ’
s e ld er b ro t h ’
er s son
5 u d u a n n a n as ag o a k
h d ld th d ht an a k n a n a n 1r
p

mm
My usb an b ro
’ ’
s e er er s au g er

My h d ld

m
usb an e r s i s t er
’
s e p a n g u d u an n a n as ag o a k

My h d ld e r s i s t er s h d
’ ’
u s b an s e us b an as a g a o n an g p an g u d u a n n a n a s ag o a k

My h d

m
us b a n s is t e r u r i c h i a n n a n asa g o a k
’
s y o u n g er
My h d s is te r s h d as ag o a n a n u ri c hi
’
us b an usb a n
’
s y o u n g er an n an as a g o a k

My h d ld e r s i s t e r s so n
’ ’
u sb an s e
an a k n an p a n g u d u a n n a n as ag o a k
My h usb a n d ’
s e ld e r S i s t er s
’
d aug h t er
.
.

Or d iu a l na es o f c h il d r en ,

m
E ng is l h N ab a l o i

m
h il d ( l f l )

m
T h e fi rs t b o r n -

c a e or e a e anak pa ng u d uan
The s ec o n db orn c h il d ( l f l ) a e or e a e ad i t o n an p ang u d u a n

m
- -

Th e t hi d br -

orn c h il d ( l f l ) a e or e a e ad i n a n k ap i n c h ua

Th e f th b
ou r —
o rn c h il d ( l f l ) a e or e a e a d i n an k ap i n t a d d o

T h e fi f th b o r n -

c hild ( l f l ) a e or e a e ad i n a n ka p i n a p p a t

Th e si x th -

b orn c hil d ( l f l ) a e or e a e ad i n an k ap i n d i a

The s ev en t h -

b o rn h ild ( l f l )
c a e or e a e ad i n a n kap i n a n n i

V a r io us s o c ia l ter s

E ng is l h N l
ab a o i

Ma l e or ph an , fat h d d er ea

Ma l e or ph an , o th d der ea

Ma l e or ph an , fa th d
er a n th d o er ea d

Fe l
a e or ph an, f th
a d th
e r an o er d ea d a n g ~u ~s e

Fe al e o r ph an , f th
a d d er ea

Fe l
a e or ph an , th o d d er ea
 mm
mmm
m
mmm
m
1 66 TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT

m
V a r ious so c ia l ter s — Co n i n u edt

m
mmm
E n g is l h N ab a o i l

m
h h hi ld h a v e al l di d i n a b s i l an ;
’

ac h ag a s in

m
F at er w os e c r en e or, a

M th o er w h os e hil d h
c r en av e a ll d i d e an a k -
to

S t i ll b orn l hil d
a e c a n en g
-
k ab u k n ol t o ; -
or

S t il l b o rn fe l hil d
a e c a n en g -
ka d a -

g a t o 1

Fa i yl b u nak -

H ea d of fa l
i y a a t ay o (o u r f a t h er )
R el a t i v es k a b a ki a n - -

N u b er of fa l
i i es rec o g n i zi ng o n e c o on h d
ea an ba l an g ka i

m
‘ -

A ri c h an s a x ei a b ah n a n g -

A p oo r an s a x ei a a -
b i t ek -

m
An a d pt d h ld
o e c i si u -

an
The old f th p l
es t en o e ac e su ta as i x e n na an g ka : or

s u t a as i x e n n a b a y ag
s a x ei a 1 1 b i ng ;
’

A s e r v an t or, () x o h
Th e pi
r es t ess , or ol d wo an e x ec u t i n g th e su p e rs t i t i o us an -
b u b fv n o n g -

f or l
u a s at f es t i v a l s

P p l h

m
”
ers o ns o ss es s i n g th e
“
evi ey e (
“
d en b iis e n or w i tc an -
a -
l a s ik v

m
m
m
Th d hd

m
” ”
1 t w o ter y et f o r an d u nfi n is
“
not
“
es e s ean e e .

F es t ic e s l aug h ter ing/s

/
an d d ri n ki ng bou ts

E ng is l h N ab a o i l

m
On c h i l d b i th r an -
ta i d i n - -

To c u r e si c k ne ss a -

g as ; o r , c h i l us
-

l h xp d d b dy )

m
A t f u n era s (w i t e os u r e o f ea o d ab —
sa k

m m
At a r r i ag e an -
i d in -

pa g

m
m
se t -

b a t b at -

h l h

m
Of ot er so c i a c ar a c t e r ka fe -

pe c hit

m
-

s ap n a k -

Of t h e p
di y p p l o or o r or n ar eo e c o n t ro ll d b y
e a ri c h. an ka i - -
di an k ai l i a n )
G t h i g f ig h b t h l p g
a er n o ne o rs o e ra t u it ly
ous o ne of t h ei r n u b er ai -
ka -
al

i n h y l b w i th
so e ea v a or s u b se q t l
u en s au g ht e r i ng of an

i
an l ( l g ll i g ) a
“
o ro n
”

Go ver n"7 6 7 1 /

E ng i s l h N ab a o i l
Co u n c i l an an -
t o to d ak ; - -

o r, an -
tab
t ab a1 -

M e e t i ng of p i ip l
r nc a en o f on e v a ll ey to a d i n i s t er j us t i c e a -
t on g t o n g -

F ri e n d( o n e of th e tri b e )
ka i (I gM )
F ri e n d( o n e o f an o t h er t ri b e )
g g ve

E ne y (o n e o f t h e t r ib e o r t wo p e rs o n s h a t i n g o n e a no t h er ) a n ii - -

g is
E ne y (o n e of an o t h er t ri b e ) ka b i i s -
’

ol

S l av e (serv an t ,
su c h as th e son o f a d e b to r , e t c .
) ox o b
 m
m
m
m
1 68

mm
m
TH E N A B A L OI 1 ;) I A L i ao r
'

mmm
B od il y c on d i t ions , c tc .
—Co n tin u ed

m
h l l h

mm
E ng l i s N ab a oi E n g is N a b al o i

m
m
d h d

m
H ea ac e an -
k il k il -

e .
to k t o k -

() n e ey e a~t u ~n i ~n g a n

T h h
o ot ac e k e t ke t -

A d ea f en
l
C ld A d
a -
tu -
o ng
o n a al oeg -

eaf wo an

A g ue A d eaf b oy s a x ei
p a a a n ak -

atl l v

m
u i a ng el
A d l
an a a - - - -

P ev e r ea f g ir

m
l e ng

m
h

m
D i ar r ea o -

t oi B r ea th a ng sa b

mm
-

m
h di

m
R eu a t is p il l i
-

S w ea t ng c t -

ll p x l d

m
S a o b ul t o n g -

B oo ch al a -

A b il o b al —o g Ui r ne i i

m
-

mm
A s o re c h a nu - s
an i na ket
- -

D ung

m
m
A c ut i na k e t
- -
d
M e i c i ne a g as
-

di

m
A an k a p i —g e t A c ine

}
s c ar - -

e an
an —a
A s w el li ng di -
a rag -

A e di c in e wo an
r
g as

B e ri b er i -

an -
b ii to t -

M ed i c i n e d an c e, so n g ( ) 1

A sic k an an d l odg e

A . s ic k wo an } s a x ei a an s a - -
ki t
A d rea d y e ke n -

A l an A v i si o n hi —k a s

}
a e C
sa x ei a p i l ai
A l h

m
-

wo A w i tc
‘
a e an an a l as i k ; or

A l b oy A wi z d ta l a 3

}
a e ar an - -

sa x e i a a a—n ak a p i l a i
A l l

m
- -

a e g ir

1 l d
I n I g o ro t b e i ef a l l k i n s o f si c k n ess c an b e c u r e b y t h e s a u g t e r i ng o f a p i g , t a t u n i v e rs a d l h h l
re d d l
e y f o r al l I g o ro t s u ff er i ng a tt ri b u t e os t y t o t h e i l l w i of t h e a k g ( e ar t e sou s ) ll -

dp d l
Th ll d fi p ll d
- -

, .

i s c u r e i s c a e e y e s o r c hi l i es ; t o
‘

ak e i t e f c i en t t h e an b z ong ( ri es t es s ) us t b e c a e in
h p l
-

t o g o t ro u g h t h e r o p e r f o r u as o r c e re o n i es
l ll h h h ll
.

3 “ T h e M a a s o f M e n an ka b ao
(S u a t ra ) c a p al a si k o r p al as i c k s o r c er ers w i c a t n i g t f a
’

y g
p h h d l h dfl l d
-

s e a rat e t ei r ea s a n d b o w e s f r o th e t ru n k T h e ea i es a b o u t t o su c k t h e b o o o f n e w
h ld l T l
.

”
b o rn c i ren an d y i n g i n w o en ( ra n s a t i o n f r o B l u en t r i t t s D i c c i o n a ri o M i t o l og i c o ,
’

ld d d p l
-
.

A p en d i c e , i n L a S o i a r i a , 1 5 A ri ,
pp d l
3 On e i s s u ose t o i v e i n B al i n g w a y — na e, S i — — —
ip c h a n s u os e to av e c u rs e Ca u a o s
’
pp d h d
h d
fa t er a nd c a u se h i Pd to o v e f ro a u k t o a n o t er t o w n S a v e b y u t t i n g s ea r i n a d og h d p p
l T
.

m
b e t w een t w o h ol es A so on e i n . a ki an .

A l nu -
' -

n ts

E n g is l h N a b al oi E ng i s l h N a b al o i

Do ll s i n an - -
t o —o S on g b a d eu -

G d ou r ra t t e l a -
ai -

yo D an c e t ai y au -

Sti l ts ka -
a c -
h a ng M as k ki y e t -

S w i ng a y ud
-
G a e at di ce pa
-

a d ek -

N ew wor d s

E n g i sh l N a b al o i E ng i s l h N ab a o i l
H o rs e ka b a d y o - -

(Sp .
, ca H og ke -

c hil
ba ll o ) Ca t p us a ; o r , n g i a u -

C lt o bu -
alo -
K i tt en lt d t i n g -
n an pu sa

B ll u ka l ki - -

a n n an b a ka -
Coc k k a o i ta n - -

OX b a ka ka —f o n ; -

0r , b et H en u -
b \1 -
ah

t er , b a ka -

a ka f o n -

Sa dd l e si l -
d ya (S p .
,
si ll a )
(S p ) . Sa ddl e p ad ap ap -

b a ka (S p -
.
, v ac a ) Br id l e pi i r ne (S p .
,
f ren o )
k i l ao n a n b a
-

k a Gi rth -
d in -

ch a (S p .
, c i nc h a )
Sh p ee kal n e ro S p -

. c a rn e r o ) Ro p e g n aq i et
 m
m m
m
m
TH E N A B A L OI D I A L E CT 1 69

m
m m
1
’
Y

ou;
'

wo r rI s— Co n i n u ed
'
‘

m
E ng i s l h N ab a o i l E ng i s l h N a b al o i

Whip P l

m
b a r as -

(S p .
, v ar a ) a n ts k al -
so n (S p .
, c a z on )
C pp ru p i ko l a (S p b ati Sh zp

m
er a ng - - -

.
, o es sa -

i a to s -

(S p .
, a a t os )
co a l ) B o o ts b o t as -

( Sp ) .

l pp hi l

m
A u g er k o l o kol S i s i ne l as

m
ers
(S p c n e as )
- -
- -

h d
.
,

I r o n ar ro w S to c k i n g s di
}
ea
d u d 3u b
e as (S p )
dk h
.

l p
-

I ro n po t in g en era H an i ef d yo a no
er c
p an
-

(Sp .
, )
Aw l s of et a l sub -

d il ; or, g u is
-

g uis B r ea d t i n a p ai - -

B ea d s ti n n o
F l ou r a r i na (S p .
,
h ar i n a )
l p
-

B ro o
R ic e, c o ff ee , ea ti ne eng
i

mm
- -

31 0 th w h o“
M at c h , f r ic t i o n ai -
ko -

si t ne ku -
ra

Co b (s a ll ) sé gil
’
b is ‘
h
-

B ox of at c es ku ra b is
Co b (b i g ) g ai s ai
- -

sa _

l
_

m
C l oc k di r us (S p re o l j) kw a e . ka n -

ch i la-

(S p .
, c an

dl
-

.
,

K n if e (s a ll ) t a—ad
e a )
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b ee n éau g h t ar e d h i dd e n i n a w e l l T o t h e s o n of D an s al it I e x pre ss e d
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y s u rpr i s e at t h e recept i o n t h e y w ere g i v i n g u s I t ol d h i t o go .

b ack an d te l l t h e h e ad e n t o c o e t o s ee e o n t h e f o l l o w ing d ay an d
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s u r u i u l e d w it h s pr n g s
r o a n d fo r s a b a s in T h e s oil w as ver y w e ll
i
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c u l t i v ate d w it h i ,
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b u t I s aw n o p a d d y i n t h i s tr act f l an d A l l w as w e l l i rri g ate d o .

an d f e n ce d i n b y d i v id i n g l i n e s
. f e a t h af ter t h e an n er o f S p a in an d o r ,

r o v i d e d w it h w e l l s T h h o u s e s w h i c h nu b ere d s e 5 00 w ere f o o
p . e , ,

b r ad p i n e b ar d s b u t r v d i rt
o o I t is i n t h i s v al l e y t h at I h ave
.
ve v .

pr p s e d t s t b l is h t h c a p it al f t h d i s tr ict
o o o e a e o e .
2

T h n i g h t w a v v q u i t b ut t h
e s b tt er f t h e v a l l e y w as c vere d
e ,
e o o o o

w it h f g o I t wa v
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a l a d iu ,
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o r ig i n a l Zo r reg i i s , t h e d is t r i c t of a (J o r reg i d o r
"
J T h e w o rd i n t h e is i e n to th at
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CT 1 77

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TH E N A B A L OI DI A L E

7
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b o ve zero Rea u u r ) \V e saw an y fi re s on t h e h e ig h t s an d at
a

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.
.

perce i ve d at on ce t h at t h e i r i n ten tio n s w er e n o t t h e b e s t I h ad t w o .

rati o n s s erve d o u t A t 8 t h e v al l e y w as f ull of p agan s w h o l i ttl e b y l ittl e

.
,

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fir e b u t w i t h o u t t h ere b y p u tt i n g t h e I go r o t to fl i g h t ; an d s ee i n g t h e

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.

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g i ve t h e a l e ss o n I s t a rte d w .it h a l l y tr o o p s a n d c a rr i er s fi r i n g ,

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an d ak i n g f o r t h e l a r g e s t g r o u p o f h o u s e s On t h e w ay w e c au g h t .

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an d fi r in g u p o n t h e w h i l e ret i r in g A fter e ati n g I prep are d to .

ta ke u p y ret u r n arc h to t h e t o w n s M y tw o g u i d e s Pi n g u i a nd .
,

P ip i u an h a d e s c a pe d d u r i n g t h e h e at o f t h e fi g h t b u t as I h ad
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no t d o t h is I w u l d s h oo t t h e o b ut t h at i f t h e y pr o ve d g o o d g ui d e s
,

I w o u l d s et t h e f ree \V e s tarte d at 2 in t h e aft er i o o n g oin g

. i
'

s o u t h w e s t an d c l i b i n g o n e o f t h e h il l s T h e I go ro t on s ee ing u s .

l e a ve f ol l o w e d o u r re ar g u a r d b u t I kept t h e b ack b y fi r in g a few

,

s h o t s at t h e f r o t i e t ti e A t 5 I ca p e d o n a l eve l p l ace o .

o n a r i d g e c al l e d V ai a r a w h ere I p ass e d t h e n ig h t q u i etl y

”
.

Ten th d ay I g ave—
y tr o o p s a re s t ; d u ri ng t h e w h l e d ay I s a w o

I go r o t on l y far o ff W e w ere s u rr u n d e d b y p in e tree s

. o .

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e — \ V e b r o k e c a p at d aw n d e s ce n d i n g a v er y s teep an d
.
,

s t o n y sl o pe w i t h d eep prec ip i ce s n b o t h s i d e s A t 1 1 w e h al te d an d o .

i n o r d er t o a ca p h ad t c ut th c g n a n d r att an w it h w h i h o e o o c

w ew ere s u rr o u n d e d A t 2 c l ck in t h e aft r n w : s ta rte d ag ai n

. o
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1 78 TH E N A B A L OI DI A L E CT

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an d d e s ce n d e d c o n tin u al l y u n t il 5 w h e n w e h al te d at a b r o o k t o p ass ,

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t h e ni g h t .

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T helf th d ay A f ter f o l l ow in g t h e b r o o k fr o 4 t o 6 w e p ass e d
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,

t h r o u g h a v il l ag e o f t w el ve h o u s e s c al l e d T h e I g o r ot fl e d 1

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wit h u c h s h o u t i n g ; a t 1 1 w e h al te d i n a w o o d \V e a rc h e d at 2 i n .

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t h e af ter n oo n t o x ar d t h e s o u th w e s t an d h al te d at 5
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.
—
,

d o w n s o e t o b acc o w e re a c h e d at h al f p as t 1 0 t h e v il l ag e o f T al ex
, ,

w h ere I h a d b ee n al re a d y T h e i n h a b it an t s rece i ve d e I n t h e
. .

af ter n o o n I w e n t o n d e s ce n d i n g t o w ar d t h e w e s t an d at 4 c a ped on ,

fl at g r u n d b y a s al l s tre a
o .

I l
i r tc en th d a y — A t d ay b re a k I s t arte d f o l l o w i n g t h e s tre a wit h ,

u c h d i ffi c u l t y an d a d e a h al t at 1 1 i n R o n o s n t h e b an k s f t h e
, g o o ,

A ri n g a y R i v er I s t arte d again at 2 f o l l o w i ng t h e ri ver an d after

.
, ,

h av i n g f o r d e d i t f o u r t i e s I arri ve d at 5 at t h e t o w n o f A r i n g a y .

T h i s e x pe d i ti o n t h ou g h s h o rt s erve d e w el l fo t h o s e I a d e l ater
, ,
r
,

as t h e I g o r o t o f B e n g u et s h o rtl y a f ter w a r ds a s ke d e f o r pe a ce an d

h a v e s i n ce b ee n v f r i e n d s On d iffere n t e x pe d iti on s I h a ve p as s e d
.

e ig h t o r t en ti e s t h r o ug h t h e i r v al l e y an d f a f r o att ack in g e , ,
r ,

t h e y h ave tre ate d e w it h k i n d n e ss pr o v i d in g e w i t h r i ce c o w s an d , , ,

o t h er f o o d . S t i l l as a c o n s e q u e n c e o f t h i s e x pe d i t i on an d o f s al l p o x
, ,

t h i s t o w n h as b ee n re d u ce d t o a b ou t a h u n d re d h o u s e s I a .
,

h o w ever d o in g every t h i ng p o ss i b l e t o ake it fl o u ri s h agai n an d v

, ,

h ig h r o a d re ac h e s t h er e .
2

1 A b l an k i n th e o r i g i n al .
—T R A N S L A T OR
[ J
9 T o d a y t h er e
-
a re o n l y n i n e h o u s es i n t h at v al l e y .
—
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rece i ve d f r o L i e u t E Y M il l er go vern o r of P al aw an T h e add it i o n al
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,
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in f o r ati o n w h i c h f o l l o w s h i s rep o rt i s f r o t w o p a per s i ss u e d b y

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'

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L i e u te n an t M il l er an d t h e w r i ter s o f t h e t w o o t h er a rt i c l e s ar e i n
c l o s e ag ree e n t o n s u c h d et ai l s as are gi ve n on e s u ppl e e n tin g an ot h er

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ar e t h e B att as o r B att ak w h o l i ve i n t h e n o rt h er n h al f o f S u atr a

1
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b et w ee n 1 %an d 2 75 n o rt h l ati tu d e T h e i r n eig h b o r s o n t h e n ort h are

1 0
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t h e w el l k n o w n A c h in e s e w it h w h o t h e D u tc h h ave b ee n s o l o ng at
-

w ar . T h e re s e b l an ce b et w e en t h e n a e s B at ak an d B atta o r B att ak , ,

i s pro b a b l y ere l y a cc i d e n t al an d d o e s n ot i n d i c ate an y e a r l y c o n n ect i o n

o r r e l at i o n b etw ee n t h e tw o pe o pl e s M ar sd en i n h i s H i s to ry o f .
,

S u atra p ag e 2 9 4 s ay s of t h e
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:

T h B tt e a i n th i p
as ar e n th b l w t h t t
e r er s o f th M l ys ra nd th i
er e o e s a u re o e a a s, a e r

co p l i
e x o n s aref i ; w h i ha r ery p h p b w i n gct t h i d i t a f er t h a s e o o e r s an c e ro e s ea ,

a n l
e e t th y d n t t l l f q t
en e o o a a re u en .

T h e i r c o p l e x i on e o ve s t h e a l o ng d i s tan c e f r o t h e B atak s o f
r

P al aw an as d o e s al s o t h e fact t h at t h e y h av e attai n e d a c on si d er a b l e
,

d e gree o f c ul t u re T h ey h ave a l angu ag e an d w ri tt en c h ar acter s o f

.

t h e i r o w n an d a l arg e pr o p o rti o n of th e pe o p l e c an re a d and w rite

,
.

T h e y w ere it i s tr u e s o e y e ar s ag o k n ow n to practi ce c an ni b al i s
, , ,

b u t c ann i b al i s d o e s n ot n ece ss ar il y i n d i c a te a l o w stag e of c u lt u re ,

e s pec ial l y w h e n it is practi ce d fo r cere n ial re as on s T h e s e re f ere n ce s o .

ar e a d e to t h e B att a s o f S u atr a t o b r i n g o u t t h e f a ct t h at al t h o u g h ,

l B a tta k i s t h e p l u ra l of B a t ta . S ee K ea n e, M an : P as t a nd P r es en t , p . 2 4 5 , f o o t n ot e .
1 82

the nam
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e si i l ar t h at of th e B at ak s o f P al a w an t h ere n o re as o n
t h in k ing t h ere i s an y c on n ecti o n b et w ee n t h e t w o
T h e c o u rte s y of t h e o ffi c ial s o f th e D i v i s i o n o f M il it ar y I n fo r ati on
i n per i tt i n g t h e u s e o f t h e i r pr i n te d an d
t h e B at ak s i s g r ate f u l l y a ck n o w l e d g e d [E D
—
a n u s cr i pt i n f o r at i o n
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T h e i r onl y arti cl e of d re ss i s ad e f r o t h e b ark of t h e b ag o tree ” “

.

T h i s b ar k is s o ake d in a s tre a u n til it is s o f t an d i s t h e n p o u n d e d

b et w ee n s t o n e s u n t il i t b ec o e s t h i n an d pl i a b l e T h e cl o t h w h e n .
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s h e l l on th e a r s an d t h e an k l e s an d s h ave t h e e y e b row s B o t h e n ,
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o ver t h e t Op of t h e h e ad an d an o i n t t h e ir b o d i e s w i t h h og s g re a s e ’
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T h e y are e as il y a u s e d an d s e e to b e h app y an d c o n te n te d T h e i r .

o n l y d i ver s i o n i s t h e d a n c in g o f t h e en ; t h e w o e n d o n o t d an ce .

E a c h d an cer per f o r s al o n e w h i l e a c o p an i o n keep s t i e o n a n at i v e

to -

to .

The a rr iage cere on

y i s i n tere s
T h e c on tracti n g p art i e s w it h
t i n g .
,

an o l d an an d w o an s q u at d o w n o n e it h er s i d e o f a d i s h o f c o oke d

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r i ce T h e ol d pe o p l e e ac h take a b al l o f r i ce an d ex c h ang e t h e n t h e y

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h an d t h e b al l s to t h e b ri d e an d g r o o w h o e x c h ang e t h e agai n after

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w h i c h t h e y eat t h e r i ce an d t h e cere o n y i s e n d e d P o l y gy n y an d .

p o l y an d ry are per i tte d b u t s ee n ot t o b e pra cti ce d at pre s e n t

,
.

T h e B at ak s h ave an e x te n s i ve k n o wl e d g e o f t h e u s e o f e d i c in al h er b s
an d r o o t s as i s pr o ve d b y t h e f a ct t h at t h e C h r i s t i an F i l i p i n o s w h o l i ve
,

al o n
g t h e c o as t o f P al a v a n g o t o t h e f o r e d i c i n e s W h e n a d e at h . .

o cc u r s a o ng t h e t h e b o d y i s b u r i e d a n d a fi r e i s b u il t ar o u n d t h e
.

g r a ve T h e . h o u s e i n w h i c h t h e d e at h o cc u r s i s a b a n d o n e d .

T h e i r re l igi on s ee s t o b e a w o r s h i p o f t h e b i r d o r an i al t h at
.

h appe n s to a b o u n d in t h e ir i e d iate vi ci n it y T h e i r l an g u age i s .

s i il ar to t h at s p o ke n b y T ag b a i a an d P al aw an tri b e s o f P al aw an .

1 V en t u r el l o s a y s t h es e f o res t p ro d u c ts a re c ol l ec t ed b y t h e B ata k s “
onl y w h e n t h ey ar e e pl o y ed
”
b y C h ri s t i a n er c h a n t s

d d
.

2 T h e s k i rt r ea c h es f ro t h e w ai s t t o t h e k n ees V e n t u r el l o th i n ks i t i s h ar l y ec e n t , o w i n g to
“
.

”
th e i n u ten es s of its d i en s i on s .
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TH E B A T A KS or PALA WA N 1 85

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A D D I T I ON A L I N F OR M A T I ON ON T H E B A T A K P E OP L E

T h e f l l o w in g i nf rr at i o n d eriv e d f r o art i cl e s w r itte n b y E u g e n i o

o <
,

M o r al e s of I u r to P r i n ce s a an d M an u e l H u go V en t u rel l o o f t h e s a e

m
’
e
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un i c i p al i t y i s pre s e n te d t o s u pp l e e n t L i e u te nan t M il l er s rep o rt : ’

,

T h e N e g r it o s w it h i n t h e u i i i c ipal i ty o f P u ert o P rin ce s a ar e

m
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‘ ‘

d is tri b u te d i n t h e fo l l w in g s ett l e e n t s : Gu in ar at zl n it i v er d i s tri ct

.
o -

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b el n g in g to t h e ju ri s d i c ti i of M al c a p o w h ere t h e B at ak s ar e w i t h o u t
o
,

a c h i e f o r k n o w n repre s e n t a t i ve s o e s u b i tti ng to th e au t h o r i t y o f ,

t h e v il l ag e o t h er s b e in g i n d epe n d e n t an d l i v i n g i n t h e o u nt ai n s o f

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t h e i n teri o r ; C ar u r ay Ri ver d i s tri ct i n t h e j u r isd i c ti o n of T i n i tian

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i n h a b i te d b y pe o p l e of t h e s a e r a ce l iv i n g u n d er t h e s a e c on d i t i o n s

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an d w i t h t h e s a e c u s to s ; L an g ug an R i ver d i s tr i ct o n e of t h e o s t ,

i p o rt an t i n t h e u n i c i p al i t y b ec a u s e o f i t s l ar g e y i e l d o f al a c i ga
.

( re s i n ) b ej u
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b y B at ak s w h o rec o gn i ze t h e : a b ez a of Ti n i t ian as t h e i r c h ie f ; 1

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l ar a b ar n R i ver d i s tr i ct s ettl e d b y B at ak s w h rec o g n i ze as c h i e f o n e
' ‘

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of t h e ir o w n n u b er a cer tai n L an aw a ; B a b u y an R i ver d is tri c t

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a re tw o
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s ettl e e n t s o n t h i s r i ver o n e : all ed B ay atas l o c ate d n e ar t h e ” —
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s o u rc e of t h e ri ver a certain B arn al b e in g c h i e f ; an d th e t h er c al l e d o

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n o k no wn c h ief b u t t h e y rec o g n i ze t h e au t h o r i ty o f t h e c a b ez a of
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lar u r ay B et w ee n M al c a p o an d B ar b a c an i s l o cate d t h e s ettl e e n t
.

o f B u h a an
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r o c o a s t t o c o a s t T h i s tr i b e i s c a ll e d .

B u h a y an an T h e y are s ai d to b e t h e b r ave s t an d o s t in d epe n d e n t

.
’

o f all t h e B at ak s an d t o h ave pre s erve d o re o f t h e i r s a v ag e c u s t o s

t h an o t h er B atak tr i b e s .

A l ittl e to t h e n o rt h of C ar u ray an d n ear t h e B ay o f T agd u n an i s

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fo u n d a tr i b e c al l e d w h o nu b er ab o u t t w e n ty ,

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i n cl u d ing en w o e n an d c h il d re n ,
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,
.

in d epe n d e n tl y o f t h e o th er s av o i d al l c o n ta ct wi t h t h e ,
d o n ot f o r ,

s ettl e e n t s o r per an e n t d w e l l in g s an d o cc u p y p o i n t s an d s al l ,

i s l an ds f r o ,
w h i c h f a ct t h e y g et t h e n a e of T an d o l an en w h i c h ,

s igni fi e s i n h a b itan t s o f p o i n t s T h e i r d i al ect is a i x t u re o f T ag b an u a .

an d B at ak .

T h e s e tri b e s w it h d i s t in ct n a e s ar e w e l l kn o w n b u t t h ere are ,

w an d er i n g tr i b e s t h a t s ee to h ave t ake n t h e n a e o f an an i al o r
b i r d o r o b j ect w h ere t h e c h i e f or h e ad an h a ppe n e d to b e b o rn ; fo r
in s t an ce i f t h e ,
o t h er gave b i rt h to a s o n u n d er o r n e a r a n i p i l tree h e ,

ig h t r ece i ve t h e n a e I pil ”
.

1 “
Ca b ez a
”
is a Sp an ish w or d ea n i ng
“
h ea d ”
a nd w as co o n l y us e d t o d es i g na t e t h e h ea d an

o f a set tl e en t .
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1 86 TH E B A T A KS or PA L AWA N

V en t u r el l o s a y s t h at in s p i t e o f in ve s tigat i on s e x t en d ing o v er t w en ty
y e ar s an d n o t w i t h s t an d i n g h i s i n t i
,
ate re l at i o n s w i t h t h e n a t i ve tr i b e s ,

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h e h as b ee n u n a b l e t o d eter in e d e fi n ite l y t he o ri gi n of t h e B at ak s

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.

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T h i s per h ap s i s n ot s tr an g e b ut t h er e a ppe ar s n o r eas on to d o u b t t h at

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,

t h e y b el ong to t h e s a e race as t h e o t h er N eg r it o s o f t h e I sl an ds an d
ar e al l t h at ar e l e f t o f a f o r e rl y o r e n u e ro u s g ro u p of N eg rito s i n :

P al aw an A cc o r d in g t o i n f or atio n o b tain e d f ro t h e o l d en of t h e
.

tri b e s th e pe o p l e of t h e w es t c oas t e s pec ial l y o f t h e s ettl e e n t o f

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, ,

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C ar u r ay are t h e on e s f r o w h o t h e tri b e s o f b o t h c o as t s s p ru n g

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A cc o u n t s gi v e n o f t h e p h y s i c al c h a r a cter i s t i c s o f t h e B at ak s d iff er

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o b s erver i s b as e d on s o e on e s al l g r o u p an d i s n ot a g e n er al i z at io n .

ade f r o d e s cri pti on s of s ever al g r ou p s T h e s e d iff ere n ce s h o w ever

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T h us : 1

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R i ce i s p l an te d i n s u c h s al l q uan t iti e s as to y i el d h ar d l y e n oug h
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h arve s t On e w r iter s ay s t h at t h ey s et o ut al l k in ds o f p l an t s w h i c h
.

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,

c u s to o f pl an t in g i n on e l o c al i ty o ne y e ar an d o v in g to an o t h er t h e
f o l l o w i n g s e as o n .

T h e ti e of t h e y e ar w h i c h t h e y o st e n j o y i s t h e s e as on w h e n b ee s
ar e o s t pl e nt i f ul D ur i n g t h i s t i e y o u ng b ee s an d h o n e y f o r
.

t h e i r pr in c i pal d i et an d as l ong as t h e s e l as t t h e y d o n ot t hi n k of d oi ng
,

an y w o rk T h e y are s ai d t o eat o re t h an d ou b l e t h e a o u n t o f
.

f oo d w h i c h a an u su all v c ats a t o n e ti e b u t t h i s i s on a cc o u n t o f ,

t h e l on g in terv al s b et w ee n t i e s o f e atin g .

S t ate en t s a b o u t t h e d i s po s i ti o n o f t h e B at ak pe o p l e at fi r s t appe a r
c on fl i cti ng If t h e y are pe ace a b l e an d f ri e n d l y
. a nu b er of pe o p l e ,

w h o k n ow t h e s ay t h e y ar e w h y ar e t h e y f e a re d b y o t h er tri b e s ,

an d w h y h ave t h e y s u c h a rep u t a t i o n fo r u s i n g b o w s an d arr o w s ag ai n s t

th e i r en eni ies ? T h e pr o b a b l e e x p l an at ion i s s i pl e I t i s q u ite p oss i b l e

'

t h at a o ng t h e s el ve s t h e y are pe ace a b l e b u t t h at t h e y h ave b ee n

1 M o ral es , D i v i s i o n o f M i l i t ar y I n for at i o n , No 16 .
,
p .
‘
26 .
 m
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1 88 PALAWAN

m
THE B A T A KS or

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T h e y h a ve n e an s o f w r it in g as t h e l ag b an u as h a ve \V h e n
o
' l

n e per s o n w i s h e s t o n u n i a t e w it h an t h e r h e a ke s u s e f
o
'

o e i c o o

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o o . o

of b ot h s e x e s ake u s o f t h i s e an s f u n i c at i o n w h e n t h e
e
y o ct)

m
d e s i re t e x pre ss t h e i r l o ve an d as i t h as b ee n p a ct i ce d f r o a v er v
o
,
r

a rl v ag e t h e y fl l u n d er s t an d w i t h re t e s e
‘
*
a a l
g - .

V en t u rel l o g ve s o n e o f t h e i r re l i g i o u s i
y t h s w h i c h i t a
y b e w e l l t o

m
pre s e n t i n f ul l : T h e s e tr i b e s l i ke t h e l ag b an u as b el i eve in t h e o d ' ‘
g

m m
, ,

al l d w h o i n re o t e t i e s c a e a o n g t h e at t h e
“
o

m
w
al l i n
g o f a B a b a il a n t s u pp l y t h e i r n ece ss i t i e s an d t o c u re t h e s i ck an d
o

r a is e t h e d ad H a v in g b ee n d ec ei v l an d ang ere d at n ti e b y t h e
B
. o e

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l a n d l a n en al l o f t h e r ace s f r o t h e as t to t h e w e s t f t h e i s l an d w ere
' ‘
o e
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cr i e again s t t h e i r g o d : On e d av t h e l a l o l an t w is h i n g t o te s t t h e ' ‘

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I t w as th e h a b i t o f t h e g d t .
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ap p ar i n cert ai n c a s e s i n t h e fo r of a an d s o i n t h i s éa s e h e

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pre s e nt d h i s e l f t o t il } ass e b l e d pe o p l e an d as ke d w h ere t h e d o a e d

e c
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s

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c e n ter o f t h e r o o T h e g o d a ro s e an d b l e ss e d it an d o pe n e d t h e
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b u n d l e w h e n t h e s h ark w as fo u n d t o b e a l i ve an d a cti ve as if it w ere in
,

th e s t U p o n s ee i n g t h i s d ecept i n t h e g o d w a s g re at l y an g ere d an d
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e . o

t h u n d ere d f rt h a s e nte n c e d ecl ar in g t h at f r o t h at d ay h e w o u l d ce as e

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to s u cc o r t h e w h en t h ey to h i an d c u r s e d t h e d ec l a r in g , ,

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. o e

s u ff eri ng an d d e at h a n d t h at h e w o u l d n ever ag ai n r ai s e t h e f r o t h e
,

d e ad W h e n h e h ad s ai d t h i s a l i z ar d n y st eri u s l y pre s e n t e d i t s e l f
. i
'

an d s p o ke t h e s e w o r d s l ike a w h ic h b e i ng
”
an : C l i eel i an l i
“
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, ,

i n t e j n c t d s ig n i fi e s Y u r s o n s w il l s u ccee d y o u t h e n y o u w i ll d i e ”
‘
“
r o
'

t
-

, , , .

A n d s o i t h ap p t e d ; t o t h i s d a v t h e ar e g re at l y af r ai d t o h u rt

m
or k il l t h e c h a e l e n t h at s e t i e s t u rn s g ree n a n d p i i ffs u t h i s o
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'

o .

t h r o at u p n t h e a p pr ac h of an S h u l d n o f t h e s e l i ttle h a r n l es s
o o . o o e
'

an i a l s fa l l o n t h r ig h t a r f a an i t is c n s i d ere d a s i g n t h at t h e
e o . o

e n t ire fa i l y o f t h i s an w il l s o n d i ; b u t s h o u l d it fa l l on t h e l e ft o e

ar i t s ig n i fi e s t h d e at h o f s e re l ati v e n l v e o .
o .

“ 7h e
n t h i s g d s ep ar ate d h i s e l f fr o t h e s e pe o pl e a fter t h e c u r s e o

t h e v s u b s t i t u te d f o r h i t h e g o d P ar et en w h o w as arri l to B en g u el en -

tx ,

w h s e p o w er s e te n d e d n l y t t h e b o d i l y a i l e n ts a n d w h
o x w as c al l e d
o o o

u p o n b y t h e B a b ai l a n n l y w h e n t h e y w ere c u r i n g s o e d i s e as e T h e s e
o .

p eo pl e c l ai t h at wh e n th e g o d M ag u i b a b e ai n e o ff e n d e d at t h e t
'

d ecep t io n f t h e l an d l an en a nd l eft t h e h e j i n e d t h e g d o f t h e
o
' ‘
o o o

Ch r isti ai i s
'

1 B ab ai l a n i s a n at i v e Ph il i pp i ne . w o rd w h i c h i s a ppl i ed to an e x o rc i s t —
a an o r wo an , u s u a l l y

old — w h os e a id is as k ed , es p ec i al ly in c a s es o f s i c k n es s .
m
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TH E B A T A KS or PA L A WA N 1 89

I n afo o tn o te to V entu r el l o s p a per C aptain H el i c k gi ve s t h e ’

f ol l o wing acc o u n t of pe o pl e w h o h e s aw i n P al awa n I t w o u l d s ee .

t h at an y of t h e pe o pl e w h o h e d e s cr i b e s w ere n o t p u re N e g r it s : o

T h f w B t k th t I h fi th th tt t t th i ’
e e a a s n a ave s ee c on r e au or s s a e en as o e r

g e n l
er a pp a n T h
e ar a I ce w w i.t h t h o se
p t i f t hsa h i f
, w r b l w e ex c e on o e c e , e e e o

e d iu h ig h t b u t h d w l l f
e ,
d h d and p l d ied l y
-
d or l p d
e b d i
ea s a s en ev e o e o es .

O ne h d d id d l y f i l y h i b t t h
a ec e th h d w y h i n d t h i l i p w e
r z z a r, u e o er s a av a r a e r s re

n t
o so th i k th c gas T h he i fne w ro s n
’
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 D E P A RT M EN T OF T H E I N T E R I O R

E T HN O L O G ICAL SU R V EY PU B L I C A T I O N S
V O L U M E 1 1 , P A RT S 1 1 AN D I ll

A B A L OI DI

B Y OTTO S CH E E R E R

A KS OF PA L

E DWA R D Y . MI L L E R

P U B LI C PRI NT I N G

2 5 5 86