11 Math Functions

11 Math Functions

"Math functions" include the following: 11.1 Processing a Math Function

> Sine, cosine, tangent
> Arc sine, arc cosine, arc tangent
> Squaring, square-root extraction
> Exponential function to base e,
natural logarithm ,
All math functions process numbers in data for-
mat REAL. Depending on the result, a math
function sets status bits CCO, CC1, OV and OS
as described in Chapter 15 "Status Bits".
The statements for the STL programming lan-
guage are described in this chapter. In the SCL
programming language, the math functions are
included among the SCL standard functions
(Chapter 30.3 "Math Functions").
The examples in this chapter are also on the dis-
kette which accompanies the book in the STL_
Book library under the "Digital Functions" pro-
gram in function block FB 111 or source file
Chap_ll.
A math function takes the number in accumula-
tor 1 as input value for the function to be exe-
cuted and stores the result in accumulator 1.
You program a math function according to the
following general schematic:
Load Address;
Math function i» i 'i'
Transfer Result;
A math function alters only the contents of ac-
cumulator 1; the contents of all other accumu-
lators remain unchanged. A math function is
executed without regard to any conditions.
Table 11.1 shows three examples of math func-
tions. A math function computes in accordance
with the rules governing REAL numbers, even
when absolute addressing is used and no data
types are declared.
If accumulator 1 contains an invalid REAL
number at the time the function is executed, the
math function returns an invalid REAL number
and sets status bits CCO, CC1, OV and OS to
461 «

Table 11.1 Examples of Math Functions

Sine The value in memory doubleword MD 110 con- L MD 110;
tains an angle in radian measure. The sine of this SIN ;
angle is generated and stored in memory dou- T MD 104;
bleword MD 104.
Square root The square root of the value in variable L " Global_DB " . MathValuel ;
"MathValuel" is generated and stored in the SQRT;
variable "MathRoot". T " Global_DB " . MathRoot ;
Exponent Variable #Result contains the power of e and L #Exponent;
#Exponent. EXP ;
T #Result;

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11 Math Functions

11.2 Trigonometric Functions 11.3 Arc Functions

The trigonometric functions The arc functions (inverse trigonometric func-

tions)
t> SIN Sine,
> ASIN Arc sine,
D> COS Cosine and

> TAN Tangent > ACOS Arc cosine and

assume an angle in radian measure in form, of a > ATAN Arc tangent

REAL number in accumulator 1.
Two units are normally used for the size of an
angle: degrees from 0° to 360° and radian mea-
sure from 0 to ITT (where TT = +3.141593e+00).
Both can be converted proportionally. For ex-
ample, the radian measure for a 90° angle is IT/
2 or+1.570796e+00.
With values greater than 2ir (+6.283185e+00),
ITT or a multiple thereof is subtracted until the
input value for the trigonometric function is
less than ITT.
Example:
Computing the idle power
Ps = U x I x sin(cp)
L PHI;
SIN
L Current;
*R
L Voltage;
*R
T I_Power;
Please note that the angle must be specified in
radian measure. If an angle is available in de-
grees, you must multiply it by the factor
are the inverse functions of the corresponding
trigonometric functions. They assume a REAL
number in a specific range in accumulator 1,
and return an angle in radian measure (Table
11.2).
If the permissible range is exceeded, the arc
function returns an invalid REAL number and
sets status bits CCO, CC1, OV and OS to "1".
Example: In a right-angled triangle, one of the
short sides of the triangle and the hypotenuse
form an aspect ratio of 0.343. How big is the
angle between them in degrees?
Arcsin (0.343) returns the angle in radian
measure; multiplication with factor 360/277 (=
57.2958) gives you the angle in degrees
(approx. 20°).
L 0.343;
ASIN ;
L 57.2958;
*R
T Angle_Degree;

77/180 =+1.745329e-02 11.4 Other Math Functions

before you can process it with a trigonometric
function. The following math functions are also available

> SQR Squaring,

Table 11.2 Value Ranges for Arc Functions
Function Permissible Value Value Returned > SQRT Square-root extraction,
Range
ASIN -1 to +1 -IT/2 to +7T/2 > EXP Exponential function to base e and
ACOS -1 to +1 OtOTT
> LN Compute natural logarithm
ATAN Entire range -7T/2 to +7T/2 (logarithm to base e).

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 11.4 Other Math Functions

Squaring Example: Any power can be computed with the

The SQR function squares the value in accumu- formula
lator 1.
Example:
Computing the volume of a cylinder V =
L Value_a;
L Radius;
SQR
LN ;
L Height; L Value_b;
*R *R ;
L 3.141592;
. EXP ;
*R r
T Volume; T Power;

Square-root extraction Computing the natural logarithm

The SQRT function extracts the square root of The LN function computes the natural loga-
the value in accumulator 1. If the value in accu- rithm to base e (= 2.718282e+00) from the
mulator 1 is less than zero, SQRT sets status number in accumulator 1. If accumulator 1 con-
bits CCO, CC1, OV and OS to "1" and returns tains a value less than or equal to zero, LN sets
an invalid REAL number. If accumulator 1 con- status bits CCO, CC1, OV and OS to "1" and re-
tains -0 (minus zero), —0 is returned. turns an invalid REAL number.
Example: c = The natural logarithm is the inverse of the ex-
ponential function: If y = QX then x = In (y).
L #a;
SQR ; Example: Computing a logarithm to base 10
L #b; and to any other base.
SQR ;
+R ; The basic formula is
SQRT ;
T #c;

(If a or b is declared as a local variable, it must

be preceded by # if the compiler is to recognize where b or n is any base. If you make n = e, you
it as a local variable; if a or b is a global vari- can compute a logarithm to any base using the
able, it must be enclosed in quotation marks.) natural logarithm:

Exponentiation to base e
The EXP function computes the power from
base e (= 2.718282e+00) and the value in accu-
mulator 1 (eAccul).
In the special case for base 10, the formula is:
lga = In a = 0.4342945 • In a
hTTO

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