ARC-4018

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
EVOLUTION
Introduction-Resources, Technology
and Ideation
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
Structure is the load-carrying part of all
natural and man-made forms. It is the
part which enables them to stand under
their own weight and under the worst
conditions of externally applied force.
DESIGNER
In the context of structure, a designer is
one who conceives a structural part or
a structural system which functions
satisfactorily, is integrated successfully
within the overall design and is
appropriate for its purpose in terms of
material and form.
 STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY IDEATION

Raw materials Process Innovations Creative use of
Finance Material Handling materials and
Transportation and technology
Manpower
logistics
Management
systems
 A TRIP THROUGH HISTORY TO
UNDERSTAND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF STRUCTURAL
SYSTEMS
CAVES AND
NATURAL
FORMATIONS
Speleology is the study of
caves- the natural
formations of caves
assisted animals and
humans to take shelter
within away from the
weather and protected
from predators.
Monolithic formation
CAVES AS
LARGE
SHELTERED
SPACES
Depending upon the rock
formations in which they
were formed, caves could
be very spacious
Monolithic formation
PREHISTORIC
CAVES -1600
BC
Hittite caves in current
day Anatolia, Turkey
Monolithic formation
Prehistoric Hut
Simple natural materials put
together with rudimentary
technology and ideated as
conical/sloped forms to
ensure stability and runoff of
rain
Resources-sticks and reed
Technology-framework and
infill panels
Ideation-stable form
designed for weather
protection
The Great
Pyramids at Giza
2550-2490BC
Modular construction using
a very stable geometric
form completely based
upon compression members
except in the tunnels within.
Resource-stone
Technology-stable
equilibrium
Ideation-scale and majesty
using platonic volumes
Luxor
temple,Egypt
1400BC
Trabeated construction
using drum columns and
stone beams and slabs
Resources-stone and
abundant manpower
Technology-material
moving ingenuity
Ideation-spatial majesty
and scale
The Parthenon
at
Athens,Greece-
447BC
Trabeated and columnar
construction using stone
Resources-stone and
mortar
Technology-trabeation
with short spans and light
roofs
Ideation-larger spans
manged with alternative
materials other than stone.
Stupa at
Sanchi-3rd
century BC
A simple domical structure
using trabeated
construction
Resources-sandstone
Technology-modular
construction
Ideation-Strong platonic
volume with religious
significance.
Udayagiri and
Khandagiri
caves, India-2nd-
1st century BC
Monolithic formation
Roman
engineering-
aqueducts
312BC-226AD
Arcuated forms and the
first conquest of spans
Resources-stone
Technology-arch
principle,dome
construction techniques
Ideation-using structural
methods to create large
spatial volumes and
multitiered construction
Roman
Engineering-
Colosseum-
70AD
Construction using stone,
wood, concrete in
modular fashion
Resources-multiple
materials
Technology-arches and
concrete
Ideation-galleria and
multitiered construction