CLS LLEAP-19-20 P1 Zoo Part-1 SET-1 Chapter-6 PDF

Chapter 6
Body Fluids and Circulation
Hints and Solutions
14. Answer (4)

SECTION - A
Ductus arteriosus is present in embryonic stage
1. Answer (1) and connects aorta and pulmonary artery.
2. Answer (1) 15. Answer (2)
3. Answer (1) Mean arterial pressure is diastolic pressure + 1/3
4. Answer (4) pulse pressure
Blood flows with jerks in arteries. Myocardial infarction Enlarged Q and R waves
6. Answer (4) Heart muscles receive ST depressed or T wave
insufficient oxygen supply flattened
In case of frog only one node i.e., S.A. node is present.
Adams stoke syndrome P waves more frequent
7. Answer (2) QRS wave
Lymph contains numerous lymphocytes and some 17. Answer (2)
proteins, it can clot. 18. Answer (4)
When the water and blood flow in opposite Heart attack - Death of a part of heart muscles
direction on the surface of gills, this is called as following cessation of blood supply.
counter current mechanism. At every point, the
oxygen concentration is higher in water, than the Statement given in question represent Heart block.
blood so diffusion continues. 20. Answer (1)
9. Answer (2) Gills - Most efficient respiratory organ because 80%
10. Answer (2) of gaseous exchange takes place, as facilitated
by counter current mechanism.
11. Answer (4)
21. Answer (3)
Heart beat decreases during mental states such
as depression and grief. Second heart sound.
13. Answer (2) When the neutrophils and macrophages engulf
large numbers of bacteria and necrotic tissue,
Mitral valve (bicuspid) comes in contact with essentially all the neutrophils and many, if not
oxygenated blood only. most of the macrophages eventually die. Pus is
Semilunar valves come in contact with both a mixture of necrotic tissue, dead neutrophils
oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. dead macrophages and tissue fluid.
23. Answer (4)
 Aorta  oxygenated
 Spleen is the largest lymphoid organ in our body.
 Pulmonary aorta  deoxygenated Being a part of the macrophage system, it
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Hints & Solutions Body Fluids and Circulation 95
destroys aged RBCs, platelets and WBCs, 35. Answer (1)
therefore splenectomy will cause increase in
Heparin does not precipitate Ca2+ ions. Heparin
leucocytic count.
combines with anti-thrombin III which in turn,
24. Answer (3) inhibits the clotting factors II, IX, X, XI XII and
25. Answer (3) kallikrein.
P-wave represents the depolarisation of the atria The blood contains another anti-coagulant namely
which leads to the contraction of both the atria. protein C – which is activated by thrombin. Active
The QRS complex represents the depolarisation protein C hydrolyses and inactivates clotting
of ventricles, which initiates the ventricular factors V and VIII.
contraction. The contraction starts shortly after Q 36. Answer (1)
and marks the beginning of the systole. T-wave
represents the return of the ventricles from excited Thrombocytosis is increase in the platelet count;
to normal state (repolarisation). The end of T-wave whereas, thrombocytopenia is the decrease in
marks the end of systole. platelet count which is associated with bleeding
disorder. Von Willebrand factor helps in the
26. Answer (3) transportation of clotting factor VIII. Vitamin C
The WBC marked as ‘A’ is eosinophil, because it helps in the synthesis of collagen fibres and its
has bilobed nucleus. deficiency will make the blood vessels fragile
27. Answer (2) leading to bleeding.
Rh antigens of the foetus do not get exposed to 38. Answer (3)
the Rh –ve blood of the mother in the first 39. Answer (2)
pregnancy as the two bloods are well separated
by the placenta. However, during the delivery of  Pulse Pressure 
the first child, there is possibility of exposure of the Mean B.P = D.P. +  
 3 
maternal blood to small amounts of the Rh +ve
blood from the foetus. In such cases, the mother  40 
starts preparing antibodies against Rh antigen in her = 120 +   = about 133 mmHg
 3 
blood. In subsequent pregnancies, Rh antibodies
from the Rh -ve mother can leak into the blood of the 40. Answer (4)
foetus and can cause erythroblastosis foetalis. Thoracic duct opens into left sub-clavian vein.
Heart sounds cannot be detected in ECG. Capillaries have only endothelial lining.
Twave = End of vent. depol. 42. Answer (1)
30. Answer (3)
43. Answer (3)
Wall of artery is thick muscular and therefore, non-
collapsible. Cardiac arrest-stoppage of heart beat; heart
failure -heart does not pump sufficient blood to
31. Answer (4) meet the requirements of body; heart attack-
Columnae carnaeae and Trabeculae carneae are cessation of blood supply to heart suddenly.
same and present as elevation on inner surface of 44. Answer (3)
ventricle. Musculi pectinati present on inner side
of auricle. Oval depression is fossa ovalis in the interatrial
septum of the heart.
32. Answer (2)
45. Answer (3)
P-Q interval is called as P-R interval.
33. Answer (3) Cardiac output = Heart beat rate × Stroke volume
In old age heart rate increases. This is due to = 68/min × 60 ml = 4080 ml/min
decrease in vagal tone i.e., the activity of vagus 46. Answer (1)
nerve.
47. Answer (3)
34. Answer (3)
48. Answer (4)
The left atrium and left ventricle in higher
mammals is called as systemic heart. 49. Answer (1)
96 Body Fluids and Circulation Hints & Solutions
Insufficient oxygen supply to heart muscle leads The duration of the cardiac cycle decreases
to myocardial ischemia – T wave will be flat. during fever.
51. Answer (1) Interstitial/tissue fluid lacks larger proteins and
most of the formed elements.
P-wave is the wave of atrial depolarization.
65. Answer (2)
52. Answer (3)
66. Answer (3)
53. Answer (2)
Urea is formed in the liver
People living at high altitude have higher number
of erythrocytes ; visitor from plains will initially 67. Answer (3)
show increased number of erythrocytes. Hypoxia
Lymph capillaries are more permeable than the
stimulates erythropoiesis.
blood capillaries.
54. Answer (2)
68. Answer (2)
Heart failure means the state of heart when it is
Lymph contains numerous lymphocytes and some
not pumping blood effectively enough to meet the
proteins. It can clot.
needs of the body.
69. Answer (3)
55. Answer (4)
In old age, heart rate increases because the
The heart rate of an athlete at rest is 40 to 60
activity of vagus nerve decreases.
times per minute.It increases several times during
exercise. 70. Answer (2)
In ECG, elevation of S-T segment indicates acute 72. Answer (3)
myocardial infarction. Stokes- Adam syndrome is also called ventricular
57. Answer (4) escape. It is due to infarction of AV node.
Fibrinogens are required for clotting or coagulation 73. Answer (4)
of blood. Globulins are primarily involved in 74. Answer (4)
defense mechanisms of the body and albumins
help in maintaining osmotic balance. 75. Answer (2)
Ceruloplasmins are alpha globulins which help in Relative concentrations of three cations K+, Ca2+
transport of copper. Deficiency of ceruloplasmins and Na + have large impact on the cardiac
causes Wilson’s disease. functions. Elevated blood levels of K + or Na +
58. Answer (3) decrease heart rate and contractibility. Excess
Na+ block Ca2+ inflow during generation of cardiac
The contraction of ventricles starts shortly after action potentials and thus decrease the force of
Q wave. contraction whereas excess K + inhibit the
59. Answer (2) generation of action potentials. An increase in
Ca 2+ conc. speeds up the heart rate and
Adrenal medullary hormones increase the cardiac
strengthens the heart beat.
output, cardiovascular centre is present in medulla
oblongata which can moderate the cardiac 76. Answer (4)
functions through autonomic nervous system Blood viscosity is the thickness of the blood. It
60. Answer (3) depends largely on the ratio of red blood cells to
the plasma. Resistance to the blood flow is
61. Answer (4)
directly proportional to its viscosity. Any condition
62. Answer (3) which increases viscosity will increase blood
pressure.
Bicuspid valves are present between the left
atrium and left ventricle. Chordae tendinae do not 77. Answer (1)
help the valves to close, instead they prevent the
The alternate route of blood flow to a body part
reversal of valves into atria during ventricular
through an anastomosis is known as collateral
contraction.
circulation.
63. Answer (1)
Q wave marks the beginning of ventricular 103. Answer (2)
systole.
104. Answer (2)
79. Answer (3)
105. Answer (3)
80. Answer (2)
106. Answer (4)
81. Answer (3)
Neutrophils are called as PMNL.
82. Answer (1)
107. Answer (2)
During a cardiac cycle, each ventricle pumps out
QRS complex proceeds ventricular systole.
approximately 70 ml of blood which is called
stroke volume. 108. Answer (3)
83. Answer (2) Ca 2+ binds to troponin C and removes the

inhibitor of actin-myosin interaction, allowing
84. Answer (1)
contraction (shortening) to occurs.
Acetylcholine decreases the rate of heart beat.
109. Answer (4)
85. Answer (3)
110. Answer (2)
Function of sympathetic nervous system.
Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and
86. Answer (3) coronary sinus open into right atrium.
RBCs form rouleaux. 111. Answer (4)
87. Answer (4)
Heart muscles receiving insufficient oxygen is
88. Answer (3) depicted by depressed S-T segment and flat T-
89. Answer (2) wave.
Lymphatic capillaries drain the tissue fluid from 112. Answer (4)
intercellular spaces. Complete stoppage of heart beat is cardiac arrest.
Lubb is produced due to rapid closure of AV Cardiac output = Stroke volume × Heart beat per
valves. minute
91. Answer (3) 5250 ml = Stroke volume × 75
92. Answer (2) 5250
Stroke volume =  70 ml
In double circulation, blood or RBCs passes twice 75
through heart during circulation to any organ. 114. Answer (2)
Reptiles except crocodile have incomplete double 116. Answer (4)
circulation.
117. Answer (1)
94. Answer (2)
118. Answer (3)
95. Answer (2)
119. Answer (4)
96. Answer (4)
Albumin is small-sized protein, but because of
97. Answer (2) same charge on albumin and proteins in
98. Answer (3) basement membrane, they are repelled.
100. Answer (3) At the end of isovolumetric contraction of cardiac
101. Answer (4) cycle, semilunar valves open.
98 Body Fluids and Circulation Hints & Solutions
121. Answer (4) 140. Answer (3)

Depolarisation of SA node occurs by opening of Basophils produce heparin, histamine and
Na+ and Ca+2 channels. serotonin.
122. Answer (4) 141. Answer (3)
Purkinje fibres spread action potential from apex Albumin is the major protein responsible for
of ventricle to base. maintaining osmotic pressure.
123. Answer (1) 142. Answer (3)
124. Answer (1) 143. Answer (3)
Muscles show same tonicity but decrease in size Blood cells are formed in bone marrow.
when we pick some heavy weight.
144. Answer (2)
125. Answer (1)
Neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils are
Adrenal medullary hormones are adrenaline and granulocytes.
noradrenaline.
145. Answer (1)
126. Answer (3)
Hypogastric artery supplies the Urinary bladder.
During beginning of ventricular diastole atria are
146. Answer (4)
already under diastole.
Dilation of pulmonary artery by sufficient secretion
127. Answer (4)
of nitric oxide in normal condition.
Factor X – Stuart power factor
SECTION - B
128. Answer (3)
1. Answer (1)
129. Answer (3)
2. Answer (4)
130. Answer (4)
Atria - Base of Apex
131. Answer (1)
Ventricle - Apex to base
132. Answer (3)
Conduction fastest in Purkinje system and
RBC of vertebrates (except mammals) Not all
slowest in S.A. node and A.V. node.
vertebrates.
3. Answer (1)
133. Answer (4)
4. Answer (1)
Deficiency of factor VIII  Hemophilia A
5. Answer (3)
Deficiency of factor IX  Hemophilia B
Heart failure means the state of heart when it is
Deficiency of factor XI  Hemophilia C
not pumping blood effectively enough to meet the
134. Answer (1) needs of the body. Heart failure is not the same
Serum – Plasma without clotting protein so as cardiac arrest (when the heart stops beating).
cannot clot. 6. Answer (1)
Deficiency of folic acid, vitamin B 12 and Vertebrates have myogenic heart.
haemoglobin causes anaemia.
8. Answer (1)
136. Answer (1)
9. Answer (2)
137. Answer (2)
10. Answer (2)
138. Answer (2)
11. Answer (2)
139. Answer (2)
12. Answer (1)
When the skeletal muscles contract, they tighten 17. Answer (2)
around the veins passing through them which 18. Answer (1)
increases the venous blood pressure. This
pressure drives the blood towards the heart, the 19. Answer (1)
action is called milking. 20. Answer (1)
Atrial Natriuretic factor is secreted by walls of atria It contains more amount of Hb to increase
15. Answer (1) gaseous transport efficiency.


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Chapter 6

Body Fluids and Circulation

Hints and Solutions

14. Answer (4)

83. Answer (2) Ca 2+ binds to troponin C and removes the

121. Answer (4) 140. Answer (3)

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