ᡍ䞣ᅮࠊ⦃๗ϟⱘऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡㒓⫳ѻ䇗ᑺⱘӓⳳߚᵤ

⸺≙᧨➟┯䰞᧨棗ㇵ⸞,浧ㇻ
˄ϰ࣫໻ᄺֵᙃᄺ䰶⌕⿟ᎹϮ㓐ড়㞾ࡼ࣪ᬭ㚆䚼䞡⚍ᅲ偠ᅸˈ≜䰇ˈ˅

ᨬ㽕˖⏷䚒▥䤓兞㿝♠⻤∎㔈摞⸩Ⓟ䞮ℶ㲰㆞抟䂟㒟⃉⃊㿐䤓䞮ℶ㲰㆞⃚₏ᇭ⃉ℕ抑ㄣ㠿䤓䞮ℶ榏㻑᧨₏K☮⏗摖䞷㿐㻃孔

揜兎䤓←₩⦷⸭棔䞮ℶ₼摖䞷ℕ₏䱜槱⚠⥱梮⚗⇫䤓㠿⨚孔揜兎ಧಧ◤⏒孔揜兎᧨♥㈦ℕ哾Ⰼ䤓㟗㨫ᇭ㦻㠖抩扖⺈₳䱜䞮ℶ

兎䤓䞮ℶ㟗䘖扪嫛ℕ⸩摞䤓⒕㨟⺈㹣᧨広㢝ℕ₳䱜䞮ℶ㡈㆞䤓ₜ⚛抑䞷㊶ᇭ氥⏗ㆉ䵚ℕ◤⏒孔揜兎✛㿐㻃孔揜兎䤓䞮ℶ庒ㄵ

㲰⨚᧨㲰⨚䤓䥽㪖㢾∎₏₹㔈摞⸩Ⓟ䞮ℶ帰⒡䤓㋊⸛ぴ㢅梃᧤makespan᧥㦏䩼ᇭ␅㶰扪嫛ℕ⸭洛幍帰✛↎䦮帰並ᇭ㦏⚝⺈₳

䱜䞮ℶ㡈㆞㊶厌扪嫛ℕ幓ↆ✛☮⥯⒕㨟ᇭ

݇䬂䆡˖㔈摞⸩Ⓟ᧷◤⏒Ⓟ抯᧷䞮ℶ帰⒡᧷䞮ℶ庒ㄵ᧷⮩厌ぴ

Simulation Analysis of the scheduling model of Assembly cells for Mass

Customization Manufacturing
GONG Jun, TANG jia-fu, CHEN yan-hong, GAO bin
(Department of System Engineering, Key Lab of Integrated Automation of Process Industry of MOE, Northeastern University,

Shenyang, Liaoning province, 110004, P. R. China. Email: gongjun@ise.neu.edu.cn᧥

Abstract: The development of global economy makes the mass customization production become popular. Some of manufactures
which originally used the conveyor assembly line begin to use a kind of new production system which is called cellular manufacturing
system. The results prove that cellular manufacturing system is better than the assembly line under some environments. This purpose of
this paper is to compare with two kinds of manufacturing system and find the reasons affecting the results. At first, the scheduling
models for two kinds of manufacturing system are set up. Then the experiments for simulation are designed. The conclusion indicates
that cellular manufacturing system is better than the conveyor assembly line at the respect of avoiding the worker’s capability
fluctuation based on the results of simulation.
Key words: Mass production; Cell manufacture; Production Plan; Scheduling; Multi-functionality

 䯂乬ⱘᦤߎ  བᎹ԰キⱘᬜ⥛ϟ䰡ˈ೼ࠊકᑧᄬ๲ࡴㄝ˷1,2˹ DŽ೼
䖭⾡ᚙ‫މ‬ϟϔѯӕϮˈ՟བՇ㛑ˈ㋶ሐˈЄ⬄ㄝˈ
ܼ⧗࣪ⱘゲѝՓᅶ᠋ᇍѢѻક੠᳡ࡵⱘ䳔∖῵
䗮䖛ϔ⾡䴶৥ಶ䯳ⱘҹ໮㛑ᎹЎ෎⸔ⱘऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡㒓
ᓣѻ⫳њব࣪ˈ՟བ᳈໮ⱘѻક㉏ൟǃ᳈ⷁⱘѸ䋻
ᴹ᳓ᤶॳ‫∈⌕ⱘܜ‬㺙䜡㒓ˈ೼ᅲ䰙⫳ѻЁᑊপᕫњ
ᳳǃ᳈♉⌏ⱘ䅶ऩᡍ䞣ㄝDŽЎњ䗖ᑨ䖭⾡䳔∖῵ᓣ
㡃དⱘ㸼⦄˷3,4˹DŽ
ⱘᬍবˈᡍ䞣ᅮࠊ⫳ѻ῵ᓣⱘ䗤⏤㹿ӕϮ᠔᥹ফDŽ
݇Ѣऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡⫳ѻ㒓ⱘ⧚䆎ⷨおˈгᓔྟফࠄњ
✊㗠ϔѯ㺙䜡ൟⱘӕϮ೼䞛⫼Ӵ㒳ⱘ⌕∈㺙䜡㒓䖯
ϔѯᄺ㗙ⱘ݇⊼DŽ1989 ᑈ Begren[5]佪‫ߎᦤܜ‬њ䴶৥
㸠ᡍ䞣ᅮࠊ䅵ߦⱘ⫳ѻᯊߎ⦄њϔѯϡ㡃⦄䈵ˈ՟
ಶ䯳ⱘऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡㒓ⱘᅮНDŽ1993 ᑈ Adler˷6,7˹ㄝ
Ҏ䗮䖛ᇍ⃻⌆ⱘ Volvo ≑䔺ॖⱘऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡⫳ѻ㋏㒳
෎䞥乍Ⳃ˖೑ᆊ㞾✊⾥ᄺ෎䞥ˈǃᬭ㚆 䖯㸠њ䇗ᶹⷨおDŽ2005 ᑈ Johnson˷8˹ᇍ෎ѢϔϾ
䚼ᮄϪ㑾Ӭ⾔Ҏᠡᬃᣕ䅵ߦ˄1&(7˅ ⠅ᇨ݄ⱘ䞥ሲࠊકⱘ䚼ߚ᭄᥂ᇍϸ⾡ऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡㒓੠

809
978-1-4244-1734-6/08/$25.00 
c 2008 IEEE
 ⌕∈㺙䜡㒓ⱘ䖯㸠њᗻ㛑↨䕗DŽ ऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡㒓ᘏᅠᎹᯊ䯈
✊㗠݇Ѣऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡⫳ѻ㒓੠⌕∈⌕∈㒓ⱘᗻ ऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡㒓ⱘᘏᅠᎹᯊ䯈ḍ᥂ऩ‫ⱘܗ‬Ҏਬᣛ⌒
㛑↨䕗ⱘⷨお៤ᵰⳂࠡЏ㽕䖬ᰃ䗮䖛䇗ᶹ੠ӓⳳ
ϡৠ੠ࡴᎹᡍ⃵ⱘϡৠˈᯊ䯈гϡϔḋDŽ䖭䞠䗮䖛
˷8,9˹ⱘ᠟↉੠ᮍ⊩DŽ䗮䖛᭄ᄺ῵ൟ䖯㸠ᅮ䞣ߚ
ᓎゟ᭄ᄺӬ࣪῵ൟᴹ㸼⼎DŽ‫އ‬ㄪব䞣 xij 㸼⼎ᎹҎ i
ᵤⱘⷨおҡ✊ᰃϾ᳝ᕙ㾷‫ⱘއ‬䯂乬DŽᴀ᭛䞛⫼ᅮ䞣
ⱘⷨおᮍ⊩ˈ䗮䖛ᓎゟऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡㒓੠⌕∈㺙䜡㒓ⱘ ߚ䜡ࠄऩ‫ ܗ‬j Ё
⫳ѻ䇗ᑺ῵ൟ੠ᅲ偠䅵ㅫ㒧ᵰᇍϸ⾡⫳ѻ㒓ⱘᗻ ­1 ⧯Ꮏੱiⵍಽ㈩೔ऩߚjਛ½
x ij = ® ¾ ˄˅
㛑䖯㸠њ↨䕗ˈ᳔ৢ㒭ߎњϔᅮᴵӊϟⱘ㒧䆎੠ॳ ¯0 ౔ઁ ¿
಴ߚᵤDŽ
‫އ‬ㄪব䞣 y mj 㸼⼎ᡍ⃵ m ߚ䜡ࠄऩ‫ ܗ‬j Ё
䯂乬ⱘᦣ䗄Ϣ‫؛‬䆒
෎Ѣಶ䯳ড়԰ⱘҹ໮㛑ᎹЎḌᖗⱘऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡㒓 ­1 ⧯䅶ऩmⵍಽ㈩೔ऩߚjਛ½
y mj = ® ¾ ˄˅
ህᰃ㺙䜡㒓⬅໮Ͼᑊ㸠⫳ѻⱘऩ‫ܗ‬㒘៤ˈϔ㠀↣Ͼ ¯0 ౔ઁ ¿
ऩ‫  ⬅ܗ‬ϾҎ㒘៤ˈ↣ϾᎹҎ䋳䋷䚼ߚ៪ܼ䚼ⱘ
ᎹҎ i 㺙䜡ᡍ⃵ m ЁϔϾѻકⱘᅲ䰙ࡴᎹᯊ䯈Ў
㺙䜡ӏࡵ>ˈ@DŽӴ㒳ⱘ⌕∈㒓㺙䜡㒓ϔ㠀ϔϾᎹ
Ҏ䋳䋷ϔϾӏࡵ៪Ꮉ԰キDŽⳌ↨䕗㗠㿔ˈऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡
C imTmU
㒓ᇍᎹҎⱘᡔᴃ⾡㉏ⱘ㽕∖๲ࡴˈ䖭⾡ᎹҎ㹿៤Ў ˄˅
໮㛑ᎹDŽ ‫؛‬䆒↣Ͼऩ‫ܗ‬ᅝᥦ R ϾҎˈᡍ⃵೼ऩ‫ܗ‬䞠ⱘࡴᎹᯊ
‫؛‬䆒᳝ϔϾ⫳ѻ㺙䜡䅵ߦࣙᣀ M ᡍ㺙䜡ӏࡵˈ 䯈‫އ‬ᅮѢऩ‫ܗ‬䞠ⱘᎹҎᡔ㛑੠ᎹҎϾ᭄DŽᡍ⃵㺙䜡
ᡍ⃵ⱘᎹᑣϾ᭄䛑Ў U ˈᡍ⃵ m ⱘ໻ᇣЎ S m DŽ㺙 ᠔䳔ⱘᯊ䯈ᣝ✻޴ϾҎⱘᑇഛࡴᎹ∈ᑇᴹ䅵ㅫⱘ
>ˈ@DŽᡍ⃵ m ೼ऩ‫ ܗ‬j 䞠ⱘࡴᎹᯊ䯈Ў
䜡Ꮉᑣ㒣䖛㛑࡯ᑇ㸵ৢ˄/LQHEDODQFLQJ˅
ˈ↣ϾᎹ
W
ᑣⱘᷛ‫ޚ‬㺙䜡ᯊ䯈Ў Tm DŽ಴ℸˈ⧚䆎Ϟᡍ⃵ m Ёⱘ
¦x C ij im m T US m
ϔϾѻકⱘ㺙䜡ᯊ䯈೼⌕∈㒓Ϟৃҹㅔ࣪Ў Tm ˈ೼ i =1

ऩ‫ܗ‬䞠ⱘ㺙䜡ᯊ䯈Ў TmU 䰸ҹऩ‫ܗ‬䞠ᎹҎⱘϾ᭄DŽ R

˄˅
೼ᅲ䰙ᔧЁˈϡৠⱘ⫳ѻ䅵ߦ㉏ൟᇍਬᎹⱘᡔᴃ
ऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡㒓ᘏᅠᎹᯊ䯈ᰃҢ㺙䜡㄀ϔϾᡍ⃵ᓔྟࠄ
ᮍ䴶ⱘ㽕∖г᳝᠔ϡৠDŽ೼㺙䜡ऩક⾡໻ᡍ䞣⫳ѻ
᳔ৢϔϾᡍ⃵ᅠ៤ⱘᘏᯊ䯈䭓ᑺˈҹϟህᰃᘏᅠᎹ
䅵ߦᯊˈᎹҎা䳔㽕ᥠᦵ↨䕗ऩϔⱘࡴᎹᡔᴃˈ⬅
ᯊ䯈ⱘӬ࣪῵ൟ˖
Ѣ䭓ᯊ䯈᪡԰ѻ⫳ⱘᄺдᬜᵰ⿃㌃ˈᇐ㟈ᅲ䰙ࡴᎹ M W
ᯊ䯈Ϣᷛ‫ࡴޚ‬Ꮉᯊ䯈ⱘ‫أ‬Ꮒ↨䕗ᇣDŽ೼㺙䜡ᡍ䞣ᅮ ¦¦ x ij y mj C imTmUS m
ࠊⱘ⫳ѻ䅵ߦᯊˈϡᮁব࣪ⱘѻક㉏ൟՓᎹҎ䳔㽕 min max( m =1 i =1
)
ᥠᦵⱘᡔ㛑⾡㉏๲ࡴˈৠᯊᄺдᯊ䯈㓽ⷁˈ䖭ѯ⢊ R
‫މ‬ᇐ㟈ᎹҎᅲ䰙ⱘࡴᎹѻકⱘᯊ䯈Ӯḍ᥂ѻક⾡㉏ ˄˅
ⱘϡৠߎ⦄ϡৠ⿟ᑺⱘ⊶ࡼ>@DŽ䖭䞠䗮䖛⊶ࡼ∈ᑇ W

㋏᭄ Cim (i = 1,2,..., W ) ᴹ㸼⼎DŽᎹҎ i ࡴᎹᡍ⃵ m ⱘ⊶ s.t. ¦x ij = R ∀j

i =1
ࡼ∈ᑇ䆒ᅮЎ 0 < Cim < 2 DŽᔧ Cim = 1 ᯊ㸼⼎Ϣᷛ‫ࡴޚ‬ ˄˅
Ꮉᯊ䯈Ⳍㄝˈᔧ C im > 1 ˈ㸼⼎䍙䖛ᷛ‫ޚ‬ᯊ䯈ˈ৺߭ˈ Q

ԢѢᷛ‫ޚ‬ᯊ䯈DŽ ¦x ij = 1 ∀i
j =1
ᴀ᭛ᓎゟњϸ⾡㺙䜡㒓ⱘ⫳ѻ䅵ߦᘏᅠᎹᯊ䯈
ⱘ῵ൟᦣ䗄DŽ✊ৢ䖯㸠ӓⳳ䅵ㅫ੠ᇍ↨ߚᵤˈ᳔ৢ ˄˅
Q
㒭ߎњ㒧䆎ⱘ੠ॳ಴DŽ
¦y mj = 1 ∀m
⌕∈㺙䜡㒓ᘏᅠᎹᯊ䯈 j =1
˄˅
‫؛‬ᅮ⌕∈㺙䜡㒓䗮䖛Ӵ䗕ᏺ䖯㸠Ꮉᑣⱘ⌕䕀ˈᎹ ˄˅㸼⼎᳔ᇣ᳔࣪䭓ⱘऩ‫ܗ‬㌃䅵ࡴᎹᯊ䯈ˈे
ᑣ䯈≵᳝Ё䯈ᑧᄬˈᗑ⬹ᡍ⃵ࠡ޴Ͼѻક㺙䜡ᯊৢ ᳔ᇣ࣪ᭈϾ⫳ѻ䅵ߦⱘᘏᅠᎹᯊ䯈˄PDNHVSDQ˅
˗˄˅
䴶Ꮉᑣⱘㄝᕙᯊ䯈ˈϡ㗗㰥ᡍ⃵П䯈ⱘҎਬ䇗ᭈᯊ 㸼⼎ֱ䆕↣Ͼऩ‫ߚܗ‬䜡ⱘҎ᭄ㄝѢ R ˗˄˅㸼⼎ֱ
䯈੠㺙䆒ᯊ䯈ˈ⬅Ѣѻકⱘ㺙䜡ফࠄ᳔ᏂᎹҎ㛑࡯ 䆕↣ϾҎা㛑ߚ䜡ࠄϔϾऩ‫˅˄˗ܗ‬㸼⼎ֱ䆕↣Ͼ
ⱘᕅડ>@ˈՓᕫ᠔᳝ᡍ⃵ⱘᘏᅠᎹᯊ䯈Ў ᡍ⃵া㛑ߚࠄϔϾऩ‫ܗ‬DŽ
K
 Max
i
¦C
m =1
im T m S m ∀i  ˄1˅

810 2008 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC 2008)

ӓⳳߚᵤ ⌕∈㒓      
ᅠᎹᯊ䯈
ᅲ偠䆒䅵 㸼  㸼⼎ϡৠ㛑࡯ߚᏗߑ᭄ϟⱘ⌕∈㺙䜡㒓੠
‫؛‬䆒᳝ϔϾ৿᳝  Ͼᡍ⃵ⱘ⫳ѻ䅵ߦˈ᠔᳝ѻ ऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡㒓ⱘ䅵ㅫ㒧ᵰˈᇍ䖭݁ϾϡৠⱘߚᏗ৘প 
ક䳔㽕  ϾᎹᑣDŽ⌕∈㺙䜡㒓Ϟ↣Ҏ䋳䋷ϔϾᎹᑣDŽ 㒘䱣ᴎḋᴀ䖯㸠䅵ㅫˈḍ᥂䅵ㅫ㒧ᵰ∖ᑇഛؐˈᴹ
ऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡㒓Ϟ᳝  Ͼऩ‫ܗ‬ᑊ㸠㒘៤ˈ↣Ͼऩ‫ ⬅ܗ‬ ড᯴䖭݁⾡ᚙ‫މ‬ϟ৘㞾ⱘᑇഛࡴᎹᗻ㛑DŽ
ϾҎ㒘៤DŽ৘ᡍ⃵ⱘѻકϾ᭄੠ᑇഛᎹᑣᷛ‫ࡴޚ‬Ꮉ 㒧䆎
ᯊ䯈೼བ㸼  㒭ߎDŽ
㸼 ᡍ⃵ⱘѻકϾ᭄੠ᑇഛᷛ‫ޚ‬ᎹᑣࡴᎹᯊ䯈 ϸ⾡⫳ѻ㒓ⱘӓⳳ㒧ᵰབ೒  ᠔⼎ˈ䱣ⴔᎹҎ
ⱘ㛑࡯⊶ࡼϡᮁ๲໻ᯊˈᇍऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡㒓ᕅડ䕗ᇣˈ
ᡍ⃵ ѻકϾ᭄ ᑇഛᷛ‫ޚ‬ᎹᑣࡴᎹᯊ䯈˄⾦˅
   㗠ᇍ⌕∈㺙䜡㒓ⱘᕅડ䕗໻DŽ಴ℸˈᔧ⫳ѻ㒓ࡴᎹ
   ⱘᡍ⃵ક⾡↨䕗ऩϔⱘᯊ‫∈⌕ˈ׭‬㺙䜡㒓‫݋‬᳝Ӭ䍞
   ᗻˈ㗠ᔧࡴᎹⱘᡍ⃵ક⾡ϡᮁ๲ࡴˈᇍਬᎹⱘࡴᎹ
   㛑࡯ⱘᕅડᇚӮব໻DŽ
  
   
   
   

WLPHVHFRQG
‫؛‬ᅮᎹҎᅲ䰙㺙䜡ѻકⱘ⊶ࡼ∈ᑇ㋏᭄ᰃℷᗕߚ 

Ꮧˈᣝ✻ N (1,0.1) ࠄ N (1,0.6) 䱣ᴎ㦋ᕫ  㒘ϡৠⱘ
 ऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡㒓
ᅲ偠෎⸔᭄᥂DŽ⬅Ѣ㆛ᐙ᳝䰤ˈ㸼  㸼⼎݊Ё  Ӵ䗕ᏺ㺙䜡㒓

N (1,0.1) ߚᏗⱘ䱣ᴎ᭄᥂DŽ 

㸼 ℷᗕߚᏗ N (1,0.1) ⱘᎹҎࡴᎹᡍ⃵ⱘᡔᴃ㋏᭄㸼
ˈ  ˈ  ˈ  ˈ  ˈ  ˈ  YDULDQFH
Ꮉ ᡍ⃵ ᡍ⃵ ᡍ⃵ ᡍ⃵ ᡍ⃵ ᡍ⃵ ᡍ⃵ ᡍ⃵
Ҏ        
೒ ऩ‫ܗ‬㺙䜡㒓੠⌕∈㒓㺙䜡㒓ࡴᎹᯊ䯈ᇍ↨೒
        
         খ㗗᭛⤂
         [1] ENGSTROM, E, and MEDBO, L. Preconditions for Long
Cycle Time Assembly and Its Management [J].
        
International of Journal of Operations and Production
         Management, 1992, 12(7/8), 134-146.
         [2] ISA, K. and TSURU, T. Cell Production and Workplace
         Innovation in Japan: Toward a New Model for Japanese
         Manufacturing? [J]. Industrial Relations, 1999, 4(1),
548-578.
㒧ᵰߚᵤ [3] TAKAHASHI, S., TAMIYA, H., TAHOKU, H. A Miracle
Cannon Production System: It is not only Toyota [R],
᭄՟䗮䖛 ,/2* Ӭ࣪䕃ӊ䖯㸠ӓⳳ䅵ㅫˈপᕫњ Special Report of Weekly Toyo Economics, 2003,
⒵ᛣⱘ㒧ᵰDŽ㒧ᵰབ㸼 DŽ November 27, 123-136.
㸼 ᎹҎ㛑࡯ߚᏗЎ N (1,0.1) ࠄ N (1,0.6) ⱘ䅵ㅫ㒧ᵰ [4] SAKAZUME, Y. Is Japanese Cell Manufacturing a New
System? A Comparative Study between Japanese Cell
ऩ‫ܗ‬ ᎹҎ ᡍ⃵ ᅠᎹᯊ䯈 Manufacturing and Cellular Manufacturing [J], Journal of
    Japan Industrial Management Association, 2005, 12,
89-94.
   
[5] BERGREN, C. Production Flow Analysis for Planning
    Group Technology[R]. (Oxford Science Publications),
    1989.
䗮䖛㸼  ৃҹⳟߎˈऩ‫  ܗ‬䋳䋷ࡴᎹᡍ⃵  ੠ ˈ [6] ADLER, P. and COLE, R.E. Designing for Learning: A
ᡍ⃵ᅠᎹⱘ㌃䅵ᯊ䯈੠ᰃ  ⾦ˈᰃϝϾऩ‫ܗ‬ Tale of Two Auto Plants [J]. Sloan Management Review,
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Ё᳔䭓ⱘᯊ䯈ˈгᰃᭈϾ⫳ѻ䅵ߦⱘᅠᎹᯊ䯈DŽ [7] BERGREN, C., ADLER, P. and COLE, R.E. Nummi vs.
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