Vibrations analysis of multi-storey

building and control with tuned mass

damper

Date of submission: 29th April, 2016

Submitted by:
Asheesh Kumar Sharma (2015mem1002)
Saurabh Shukla (2015mem1011)
Submitted to:
Dr. Navin Kumar
(HoD SMMEE IIT ROPAR)
Contents
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Objective................................................................................................................................................. 3
Structural configurations ................................................................................................................... 3
Source of multi storey building vibration .............................................................................................. 3
External Sources ................................................................................................................................. 3
Internal Sources.................................................................................................................................. 4
Fig: showing the structure of multi-storey building ....................................................................... 4
Impacts of vibration on multi-store buildings ....................................................................................... 4
Working model ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Natural frequency with accelerometer ................................................................................................. 4
Fig fft plot with accelerometer ........................................................................................................... 5
Fig showing time plot .......................................................................................................................... 5
Abaqus simulation with actual model ................................................................................................... 6
Simulation results................................................................................................................................... 6
Vibration control with tuned mass damper .......................................................................................... 7
Accelerometer results ............................................................................................................................ 7
Comparison of natural frequency of both the cases with FFT plot ...................................................... 9
Results..................................................................................................................................................... 9
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 10
Reference .............................................................................................................................................. 10
INTRODUCTION

Multi-storey buildings aim to increase the floor area of the building without increasing
the area of the land on which the building is built on, hence saving land and, in most cases,
money. In today’s scenario all the buildings are made as multi-storey as the population is also
increasing. So the analysis of these types of buildings is very important and the control is also
important.
In developed countries a very large percentage of multi-storeyed buildings are built with
steel whereas steel is not so commonly used in construction of multi-storeyed frames in India
even though it is a better material than reinforced concrete. The use of steel in multi-storey
building construction results in many advantages for the builder and the user. The advantages
of using steel frames in the construction of multi-storey buildings are listed below:
• Steel, by virtue of its high strength to weight ratio enables large spans and light weight
construction.
• Steel structures can have a variety of structural forms like braced frames and moment
resistant frames suitable to meet the specific requirements.
• Steel frames are faster to erect compared with reinforced concrete frames resulting in
economy.
• The elements of framework are usually prefabricated in the factory under effective quality
control thus enabling a better product.
• Subsequent alterations or strengthening of floors are relatively easy in steel frames.

Objective
To know the frequency of vibration of multi-storey building with Abaqus tool and with
accelerometer and then control of these vibration with tuned mass damper.

Structural configurations
The structural components in a typical multi-storey building, consists of a floor system
which transfers the floor loads to a set of plane frames in one or both directions. The floor
system also acts as a diaphragm to transfer lateral loads from wind or earthquakes. The frames
consist of beams and columns and in some cases braces or even reinforced concrete shear walls.
As the height of the building increases beyond ten stories (tall building), it becomes necessary
to reduce the weight of the structure for both functionality and economy.

Source of multi storey building vibration

External Sources
• Seismic activity
 • Subway, road and rail systems
• Industrial metalworking facilities
• Construction equipment
• Wind

Internal Sources
• HVAC equipment
• Elevator and conveyance systems
• Fluid pumping equipment
• Aerobics and exercise rooms.

Fig: showing the structure of multi-storey building

Impacts of vibration on multi-store buildings

• Human annoyance
• Structural fatigue
• Disturbance of sensitive equipment
(i.e. Scanning Electron Microscopes, MRIs, CMi)

Working model
We made the working model with the steel strips so that the stiffness f that model can
be less then by this we can check the vibrations of this system easily. The length of strips was
equal but the plate was having different dimensions on each floor.

Natural frequency with accelerometer

We have taken the reading with accelerometer by manual excitation and the natural frequency
was coning in this case was=3 Hz
It can also be seen from the figure of fft plot given below. After this the plot of time
domain is also shown and then the actual model which we made is also shown. The
accelerometer was put at the lowest leg of the system as the strain was maximum at that point
and the following figures are shown as given below:

Fig fft plot with accelerometer

Fig showing time plot

Abaqus simulation with actual model
Actual part is made in solid work and then imported to abaqus.

Bottom plate was fixed so that we applied encastre boundary condition.

Steel material is used in the model.
Young modulus:2.03*10^5 MPA
Density: 7.83*10^-5 (g/mm^3)
Poisson ratio:.3

Simulation results
Different modes were obtained and the frequency was obtained=4.092 Hz
Mode 1 Mode 2
Mode 3 Mode 4

Vibration control with tuned mass damper

With the help of the aluminium plate with very small thickness we found the frequency of that
plate and with the help of patches we make that frequency of the system is equals to the
frequency of tuned mass damper by applying the patches (value obtained by simulation.

Accelerometer results
In this case the accelerometer results was found to be=2.5 HZ and frequency and time both
pots are shown as given on the next page and the further simulations are also done in this case
in ABAQUS and the mode shapes and the frequency results are also shown in this case also
as given on the coming pages and the figures are shown as the given above and the frequency
with abaqus and in case of with the tuned mass damper is coming=3.71 Hz.
Fft plot with tuned mass Time plot with tuned mass

1st mode 2nd mode

3rd mode 4th mode

Comparison of natural frequency of both the cases with FFT plot

From here we can see that the natural frequency without absorber=3 Hz
And the natural frequency with absorber=2.5 Hz

Results
The total results can be shown in with the table at one place as given below
Conclusion
The control effectiveness of using a passive tuned mass damper located at the roof of a building
have been studied. For a multiple degree-of-freedom system with a tuned mass system, the
design of the dynamic characteristics of the tuned mass (damping ratio and natural frequency)
is done. The method which we use provides a systematic way to determine the natural
frequency to control the system. As for the base-isolation system, the inelastic behaviour of the
some another is used to represent the dynamic characteristics of the isolator. It is found that the
active system provides better results than a passive isolation system, especially in respect to
the reduction of the displacement of the isolator. But the method of tuned mass damper which
we used also provides the good results to some extent.

Reference
[1] AK Chopra Dynamics of structures—theory and applications to earthquake engineering
NJ: Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (1995)

[2] European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Eurocode 8—design of structures for earthquake
resistance, part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings. 2004.

[3] Priestley MJN. Performance based seismic design. 12th European Conference on Earthquake
Engineering. CD. 2000.

[4] P. Fajfar A nonlinear analysis method for performance-based seismic design Earthq Spectra,
16 (2000), pp. 573–592

[5] Italian Ministry for the Infrastructures. New technical regulation for construction. Decree of the
Ministry for the Infrastructures, Ministry of Interior, and Department of the Civil Defence. 2008.
[6] T Pauley, MJN Priestley Seismic design of reinforced concrete and masonry buildings Wiley
Ed. (1992)
[7] SS Rao book