E-TEFL HANDOUT 1 (Student's Book) PDF

STUDENT’S BOOK
E-TEFL HANDOUT
PLCC
[PENS Language and
Culture Center]
PELATIHAN E-TEFL PLCC Internal Use Only
TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT …………………………………………………………………….i
SECTION ONE ……………………………………………………1

LISTENING …………………………………………………………………………………
2
General Strategies ………………………………………………………………………… 2
SHORT DIALOGUES ……………………………………………………………………...
2
Strategies ……………………………………………………………………….…………… 3
Strategy 1 : Focus on the last line ………………………………………………..3
Strategy 2 : Choose answers with synonyms …………………………………….
4
Strategy 3 : Avoid similar sounds ……………………………………………….. 5
EXERCISE (Strategies 1-3) ………………………………………………………….6
Who, What, Where …………………………………………………………………………..7
Strategy 4 : Draw conclusions about who, what, where…………………………. 7
Strategy 5 : Listen for who and what in passives ………………………………..7
Strategy 6 : Listen for who and what with multiple nouns ………………………
8
Negatives ……………………………………………………………………………………. 10
Strategy 7 : Listen for negative expressions …………………………………….. 10
Strategy 8 : Listen for double negative expressions ……………………………..
11
Strategy 9 : Listen for “almost negative” expressions …………………………...
11
Strategy 10 : Listen for negatives with comparatives ……………………………..
12
EXERCISE (Strategies 7-10) ………………………………………………………... 13
Functions ……………………………………………………………………………………. 14
Strategy 11 : Listen for expressions of agreement ……………………………….. 14
Strategy 12 : Listen for expressions of uncertainty and suggestion ………………
15
Strategy 13 : listen for emphatic expressions of surprise ………………………… 15
EXERCISE (Strategies 11-13) ………………………………………………………. 16
Contrary Meanings ………………………………………………………………………… 17
Strategy 14 : Listen for wishes …………………………………………………… 17
Strategy 15 : listen for untrue conditions ………………………………………….
18
Idiomatic Language ………………………………………………………………………… 20
Strategy 16 : Listen for two- and three-part verbs ………………………………...
20
Strategy 17 : Listen for idioms …………………………………………………… 20
i
LONG CONVERSATION …………………………………………………………………22

Before Listening …………………………………………………………………………….24
Strategy 18 : Anticipate the topics ………………………………………………...
24
Strategy 19 : Anticipate the questions …………………………………………….25
While Listening ……………………………………………………………………………... 26
Strategy 20 : Determine the topic …………………………………………………26
Strategy 21 : draw conclusions about who, what, when, where …………………..27
Strategy 22 : Listen for answers in order …………………………………………. 27
EXERCISE (Strategies 18-22) ……………………………………………………….28
LONG TALKS ………………………………………………………………………………
29
Before Listening …………………………………………………………………………….. 31
Strategy 23 : Anticipate the topics ………………………………………………...
31
Strategy 24 : Anticipate the questions …………………………………………….31
While Listening ……………………………………………………………………………... 32
Strategy 25 : Determine the topic …………………………………………………32
Strategy 26 : draw conclusions about who, what, when, where …………………..33
Strategy 27 : Listen for answers in order …………………………………………. 33
SECTION TWO …………………………...………………………35

STRUCTURE ……………………………………………………………………………….36
General Strategies ………………………………………………………………………… 36
THE STRUCTURE QUESTIONS ………………………………………………………...37
Sentence with One Clause ………………………………………………………………….. 37
Strategy 1 : Be sure the sentence has a subject and a verb ………………………37
Strategy 2 : Be careful of objects of prepositions ……………………………….. 37
Strategy 3 : Be careful of appositives ……………………………………………38
Strategy 4 : Be careful of present participles ……………………………………. 39
Strategy 5 : Be careful of past participles ………………………………………..39
PRACTICE (Strategies 1-5) ………………………………………………………….40
Sentence with Multiple Clauses …………………….……………………………………...41
Strategy 6 : Use coordinate connectors correctly ………………………………..41
Strategy 7 : Use adverb time and cause connectors correctly …………………...42
Strategy 8 : Use other adverb connectors correctly ……………………………...42
PRACTICE (Strategies 6-8) ………………………………………………………….43
ii
More Sentence with Multiple Clauses …………………………………………………….. 45

Strategy 9 : Use noun clause connectors correctly ……………………………… 45
Strategy 10 : Use noun clause connector/ subjects correctly ……………………...45
Strategy 11 : Use adjective clause connectors correctly ………………………….. 46
Strategy 12 : Use adjective clause connector/ subjects correctly …………………
46
PRACTICE (Strategies 9-12) …..……………………………………………………. 47
EXERCISE (Strategies 9-12) …..……………………………………………………. 47
Sentence with Reduced Clauses …………………………………………………………… 48
Strategy 13 : Use reduced adjective clauses correctly …………………………….
48
Strategy 14 : Use reduce d adverb clauses correctly ……………………………...
49
PRACTICE (Strategies 13-14) ………………………………………………………. 50
Sentence with Inverted Subjects and Verbs ……………………………………………… 51
Strategy 15 : Invert the subject and verb with question words …………………… 51
Strategy 16 : Invert the subject and verb with place expressions …………………
51
Strategy 17 : Invert the subject and verb with negatives …………………………. 52
Strategy 18 : Invert the subject and verb with conditionals ……………………… 53
Strategy 19 : Invert the subject and verb with comparisons ……………………… 53
THE WRITTEN EXPRESSION QUESTION ……………………………………………
55
Problems with Subject/ verb Agreement …………………………………………………. 56
Strategy 20 : Make verbs agree after prepositional phrases ………………………56
Strategy 21 : Make verbs agree after expressions of quantity …………………….
56
Strategy 22 : Make inverted verbs agree …………………………………………. 57
Strategy 23 : Make verbs agree after certain words ……………………………… 57
Problems with Parallel Structure …………………………………………………………. 59
Strategy 24 : Use parallel structure with coordinate conjunctions ………………..
59
Strategy 25 : Use parallel structure with paired conjunctions ……………………. 60
Strategy 26 : Use parallel structure with comparisons …………………………… 60
Problems with Comparatives and Superlatives …………………………………………... 62
Strategy 27 : Form comparatives and superlatives correctly ……………………...62
Strategy 28 : Use comparatives and superlatives correctly ………………………. 63
Strategy 29 : Use the irregular –er, -er structure correctly ………………………..
63
iii
Problems with the Form of the Verb ……………………………………………………… 65

Strategy 30 : After have, use the past participle ………………………………….. 65
Strategy 31 : After be, use the present participle or the past participle …………65
Strategy 32 : After will, would, or other modals, use the base form of the verb ….
66
Problems with the use of the Verb ………………………………………………………… 67
Strategy 33 : Know when to use the past with the present ………………………..
67
Strategy 34 : Use have and had correctly ………………………………………… 68
Strategy 35 : Use the correct tense with time expressions ………………………..
68
Strategy 36 : Use the correct tense with will and would ……………………………...
69
Problems with Passive Verbs ……………………………………………………………… 71
Strategy 37 : Use the correct form of the passive …………………………………
71
Strategy 38 : Recognize active and passive meanings ……………………………
71
Problems with Nouns ………………………………………………………………………. 73
Strategy 39 : Use the correct singular or plural noun ……………………………..
73
Strategy 40 : Distinguish countable and uncountable nouns ……………………...
73
Strategy 41 : Recognize irregular plurals of nouns ………………………………. 74
Strategy 42 : Distinguish the person from the thing ……………………………… 74
Problems with Pronouns …………………………………………………………………… 76
Strategy 43 : Distinguish subject and object pronouns …………………………… 76
Strategy 44 : Distinguish possessive adjectives and pronouns ……………………
76
Strategy 45 : Check pronoun reference for agreement …………………………… 77
Problems with Adjectives and Verbs ……………………………………………………… 78
Strategy 46 : Use basic adjectives and adverbs correctly …………………………
78
Strategy 47 : Use adjectives after linking verbs ………………………………….. 79
Strategy 48 : Position adjectives and adverbs correctly …………………………..
79
More Problems with Adjectives …………………………………………………………… 81
Strategy 49 : Recognize –ly adjectives …………………………………………… 81
Strategy 50 : Use predicate adjectives correctly …………………………………..
81
Strategy 51 : Use –ed and –ing adjectives correctly ………………………………
82
iv
PRACTICE (Strategies 49-51) ……………………………………………………….82

Problems with Articles ……………………………………………………………………...84
Strategy 52 : Use articles with singular nouns ……………………………………84
Strategy 53 : Distinguish a and an ………………………………………………...84
Strategy 54 : Make articles agree with nouns ……………………………………..85
Strategy 55 : Distinguish specific and general ideas ……………………………...85
Problems with Prepositions ………………………………………………………………...87
Strategy 56 : Recognize incorrect prepositions …………………………………...87
Strategy 57 : Recognize when prepositions have been omitted …………………..87
Problems with Usage ………………………………………………………………………..88
Strategy 58 : Distinguish make and do ……………………………………………88
Strategy 59 : Distinguish like, alike, and unlike …………………………………..89
Strategy 60 : Distinguish other, another, and others ……………………………...89
SECTION THREE …………………………………………………92

READING …………………………………………………………………………………...93
General Strategies …………………………………………………………………………..93
Questions about the Ideas of the Passage ………………………………………………….94
Strategy 1 : Answer main idea questions correctly ……………………………...94
Strategy 2 : Recognize the organization of ideas ………………………………..95
Directly Answered Questions ………………………………………………………………98
Strategy 3 : Answer stated detail questions correctly ……………………………98
Strategy 4 : Find “unstated” details ……………………………………………...99
Strategy 5 : Find pronoun referents ……………………………………………... 100
EXERCISE (Strategies 3-5) …………………………………………………………. 101
Indirectly Answered Questions ……………………………………………………………. 103
Strategy 6 : Answer implied detail questions correctly ………………………….
103
Strategy 7 : Answer transition questions correctly ……………………………… 104
EXERCISE (Strategies 6-7) …………………………………………………………. 105
Vocabulary Questions ……………………………………………………………………… 107
Strategy 8 : Find definitions from structural clues ………………………………
107
Strategy 9 : Determine meanings from word parts ……………………………… 108
v
Strategy 10 : Use context to determine meanings of difficult words ……………..

109
Strategy 11 : Use context to determine meanings of simple words ……………….110
EXERCISE (Strategies 8-11) ……..…………………………………………………. 111
Overall Review Questions ………………………………………………………………….. 113
Strategy 12 : Determine where specific information is found …………………….
113
Strategy 13 : Determine the tone, purpose, or course …………………………….. 114
vi
SECTION
ONE
1
GENERAL STRATEGIES
2
STRATEGY 1: FOCUS ON THE LAST LINE
Example I
3
Example II
STRATEGY 2: CHOOSE ANSWERS WITH SYNONYMS
Example I
4
Example II
STRATEGY 3: AVOID SIMILAR SOUNDS
Example I
Example II
5
EXERCISE (Strategies 1-3): In this exercise, listen carefully to each short dialogue and
question on the recording, and then choose the best answer to the question.
6
STRATEGY 4: DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT WHO, WHAT, WHERE
Example I
Example II
STRATEGY 5: LISTEN FOR WHO AND WHAT IN PASSIVES
7
Example I
Example II
STRATEGY 6: LISTEN FOR WHO AND WHAT WITH MULTIPLE NOUNS
Example I
8
Example II
9
STRATEGY 7: LISTEN FOR NEGATIVE EXPRESSIONS
Example I
Example II
10
STRATEGY 8: LISTEN FOR DOUBLE NEGATIVE EXPRESSIONS
Example I
Example II
STRATEGY 9: LISTEN FOR “ALMOST NEGATIVE” EXPRESSIONS
11
Example I
Example II
STRATEGY 10: LISTEN FOR NEGATIVES WITH COMPARATIVES
Example I
12
Example II
13
STRATEGY 11: LISTEN FOR EXPRESSIONS OF AGREEMENT
Example I
Example II
14
STRATEGY 12: LISTEN FOR EXPRESSIONS OF UNCERTAINTY AND

SUGGESTION
Example I
Example II
STRATEGY 13: LISTEN FOR EMPHATIC EXPRESSIONS OF SURPRISE
15
Example I
Example II
16
STRATEGY 14: LISTEN FOR WISHES
Example I
17
Example II
STRATEGY 15: LISTEN FOR UNTRUE CONDITIONS
Example I
18
Example II
19
STRATEGY 16: LISTEN FOR TWO- AND THREE-PART VERBS
Example I
Example II
STRATEGY 17: LISTEN FOR IDIOMS
20
Example I
Example II
question on the recoding, and then choose the best answer to the question.
21
22
23
STRATEGY 18: ANTICIPATE THE TOPIC
Example I
24
Example II
STRATEGY 19: ANTICIPATE THE QUESTIONS
Example I
25
Example II
STRATEGY 20: DETERMINE THE TOPIC
Example I
26
STRATEGY 21: DRAW CONCLUSION ABOUT WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE
STRATEGY 22: LISTEN FOR ANSWERS IN ORDER
27
28
29
30
STRATEGY 23: ANTICIPATE THE TOPICS
Example
STRATEGY 24: ANTICIPATE THE QUESTIONS
31
STRATEGY 25: DETERMINE THE TOPIC
32
STRATEGY 26: DRAW CONCLUSION ABOUT WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE
STRATEGY 27: LISTEN FOR ANSWERS IN ORDER
33
34
SECTION
TWO
35
GENERAL STRATEGIES
36
STRATEGY 1: BE SURE THE SENTENCE HAS A SUBJECT AND A VERB
STRATEGY 2: BE CAREFUL OF OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS
37
STRATEGY 3: BE CAREFUL OF APPOSITIVES
38
STRATEGY 4: BE CAREFUL OF PRESENT PARTICIPLES
STRATEGY 5: BE CAREFUL OF PAST PARTICIPLES
39
PRACTICE (Strategies 1-5): Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice in each of
the following sentences. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
EXERCISE (Strategies 1-5): Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best
completes the sentence.
40
STRATEGY 6: USE COORDINATE CONNECTORS CORRECTLY
41
STRATETEGY 7: USE ADVERB TIME AND CAUSE CONNECTORS

CORRECTLY
STRATEGY 8: USE OTHER ADVERB CONNECTORS CORRECTLY
42
43
44
STRATEGY 9: USE NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS CORRECTLY
STRATEGY 10: USE NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTOR/ SUBJECTS CORRECTLY
45
STRATEGY 11: USE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTORS CORRECTLY
STRATEGY 12: USE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTOR/ SUBJECTS

CORRECTLY
46
47
STRATEGY 13: USE REDUCE ADJECTIVE CLAUSES CORRECTLY
48
Some adjective clauses are set off from the rest of the sentence with commas, and these
adjective clauses can also be reduced. In Addition, when an adjective clause is set off with
commas, the reduced adjective clause can appear at the front of the sentence.
STRATEGY 14: USE REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSES CORRECTLY
49
the following sentences. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)
50
STRATEGY 15: INVERT THE SUBJECT AND VERB WITH QUESTION WORDS
STRATEGY 16: INVERT THE SUBJECT AND VERB WITH PLACE

EXPRESSIONS
51
STRATEGY 17: INVERT THE SUBJECT AND VERB WITH NEGATIVES
52
STRATEGY18: INVERT THE SUBJECT AND VERB WITH CONDITIONALS
STRATEGY 19: INVERT THE SUBJECT AND VERB WITH COMPARISONS
53
Practice (Strategies 15-19): Each of these sentences contains a structure that could require
an inverted subject and verb. Circle the structures that may require inverted subjects and
verbs. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice. Then indicate if the sentences are
correct (C) or incorrect (I).
54
55
STRATEGY 20: MAKE VERBS AGREE AFTER PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
Example
STRATEGY 21: MAKE VERBS AGREE AFTER EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY
Example
56
STRATEGY 22: MAKE INVERTED VERBS AGREE
Example
STRATEGY 23: MAKE VERBS AGREE AFTER CERTAIN WORDS
Example
57
Practice (Strategy 20-23): Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice in each of the
following sentences. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
58
STRATEGY 24: USE PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH COORDINATE

CONJUNCTIONS
Example
Here are examples of two nouns joined by a coordinate conjunction:
59
STRATEGY 25: USE PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH PAIRED CONJUNCTIONS
Example
I know both where you went and what you did.
Either Mark or Sue has the book.
The tickets are neither in my pocket nor in my purse.
He is not only an excellent student but also an outstanding athlete.
STRATEGY 26: USE PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH COMPARISONS
60
A comparison showing how two things are different from the –er. . . than or more. . .than
PRACTICE (Strategy 24-26): Circle the word or words that indicate that the sentence
should have parallel parts. Underline the parts that should be parallel. Then indicate if the
sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
61
STRATEGY 27: FORM COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES CORRECTLY
62
STRATEGY 28: USE COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES CORRECTLY
Example
STRATEGY 29: USE THE IRREGULAR –ER, -ER STRUCTURE CORRECTLY
Example
63
PRACTICE (Strategy 27-29: Circle the comparatives and superlatives in the following
sentences. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
64
STRATEGY 30: AFTER HAVE, USE THE PAST PARTICIPLE
Example
STRATEGY 31: AFTER BE, USE THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE OR THE PAST
PARTICIPLE
Example
65
STRATEGY 32: AFTER WILL, WOULD, OR OTHER MODALS, USE THE BASE
FORM OF THE VERB
Example
PRACTICE (Strategies 30-32): Underline the verbs twice in the following sentences.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
EXERCISE (Strategies 30-32): Choose the letter of the underlined word or group of
words that is not correct.
66
STRATEGY 33: KNOW WHEN TO USE THE PAST WITH THE PRESENT
Example
67
STRATEGY 34: USE HAVE AND HAD CORRECTLY
Example
STRATEGY 35: USE THE CORRECT TENSE WITH TIME EXPRESSIONS
Example
68
STRATEGY 36: USE THE CORRECT TENSE WITH WILL AND WOULD
Example
PRACTICE (Strategies 33-36): Underline the verbs twice in each of the following
sentences. Then, indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
69
70
STRATEGY 37: USE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE PASSIVE
Example
STRATEGY 38: RECOGNIZE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MEANINGS
Example
71
PRACTICE (Strategies 37-38): Underline the verbs twice in the following sentences.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
72
STRATEGY 39: USE THE CORRECT SINGULAR OR PLURAL NOUN
Example
STRATEGY 40: DISTINGUISH COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Example
73
STRATEGY 41: RECOGNIZE IRREGULAR PLURALS OF NOUNS
STRATEGY 42: DISTINGUISH THE PERSON FROM THE THING
Example
74
PRACTICE (Strategies 39-42): Study the nouns in the following sentences. Then indicate
if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
EXERCISE (Strategies 39-42): Choose the letter of the underlines word or group of
75
STRATEGY 43: DISTINGUISH SUBJECT AND OBJECT PRONOUNS
Example
STRATEGY 44: DISTINGUISH POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS
Example
76
STRATEGY 45: CHECK PRONOUN REFERENCE FOR AGREEMENT
Example
PRACTICE (Strategies 43-45): Circle the pronouns and possessive in the following
sentences. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
77
STRATEGY 46: USE BASIC ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS CORRECTLY
Example
78
STRATEGY 47: USE ADJECTIVES AFTER INKING VERBS
Example
STRATEGY 48: POSITION ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS CORRECTLY
79
PRACTICE (Strategies 46-48): Circle the adjectives and adverbs in the following
sentences. Draw arrows to the word they describe. Then, indicate if the sentences are
80
STRATEGY 49: RECOGNIZE –LY ADJECTIVES
STRATEGY 50: USE PREDICATE ADJECTIVES CORRECTLY
81
Example
STRATEGY 51: USE –ED AND –ING ADJECTIVES CORRECTLY
PRACTICE (Strategies 49-51): Circle the Adjectives in each of the following sentences.
Draw arrows to the nouns or pronouns they describe. Then indicate if the sentences are
82
83
STRATEGY 52: USE ARTICLES WITH SINGULAR NOUNS
Example
STRATEGY 53: DISTINGUISH A AND AN
84
STRATEGY 54: MAKE ARTICLES AGREE WITH NOUNS
STRATEGY 55: DISTINGUISH SPECIFIC AND GENERAL IDEAS
85
PRACTICE (Strategies 52-55): Circle the articles in the following sentences. Then
indicate the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
86
STRATEGY 56: RECOGNIZE INCORRECT PREPOSITIONS
STRATEGY 57: RECOGNIZE WHEN PREPOSITIONS HAVE BEEN OMITTED
PRACTICE (Strategies 56-57): Circle the prepositions in the following sentences. Mark
where they have been omitted. Then indicate the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
87
STRATEGY 58: DISTINGUISH MAKE AND DO
88
STRATEGY 59: DISTINGUISH LIKE, ALIKE, AND UNLIKE
STRATEGY 60: DISTINGUISH OTHER, ANOTHER, AND OTHERS
89
PRACTICE (Strategies 58-60): Circle the word in the following sentences that are
commonly confused on the TOEFL test. Then indicate the sentences are correct (C) or
incorrect (I).
90
91
SECTION
THREE
92
GENERAL STRATEGIES
93
STRATEGY 1: ANSWER MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS CORRECTLY
94
STRATEGY 2: RECOGNIZE THE ORGANIZATION OF IDEAS
95
EXERCISE (Strategies 1-2): Study each of the passages and choose the best answers to
the questions that follow.
96
5. Which of the following discusses

vaccines made from dead
organism?
(A) Paragraph 1
(B) Paragraph 2
(C) Paragraph 3
(D) Paragraph 4
6. Which of the following discusses

vaccines that do not contain the
disease-causing microorganism?
(A) Paragraph 1
(B) Paragraph 2
(C) Paragraph 3
(D) Paragraph 4
97
9. Which of the following defines a

hoax?
(A) Paragraph 1
(B) Paragraph 2
(C) Paragraph 3
(D) Paragraph 4
10. Which of the following explains

how one particular hoax was
resolved?
(A) Paragraph 1
(B) Paragraph 2
(C) Paragraph 3
(D) Paragraph 4
STRATEGY 3: ANSWER STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS CORRECTLY
98
STRATEGY 4: FIND “UNSTATED” DETAILS
99
STRATEGY 5: FIND PRONOUN REFERENTS
100
2. The pronoun “he” in line 2

refers to
(A) U.S. president
(B) Andrew Carnegie
(C) George Washington
(D) Congress
101
9. The pronoun “it” in paragraph 1 refers

to
(A) death
(B) tar
(C) perished
(D) animal
8. How did the Ice Age animals die at the

La Brea tarpits?
(A) They got caught in big waves
(B) They were trapped in the tar and
died
(C) They were killed by humans
(D) They were trapped by other
animals
102
STRATEGY 6: ANSWER IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS CORRECTLY
103
STRATEGY 7: ANSWER TRANSITION QUESTIONS CORRECTLY
104
105
106
STRATEGY 8: FIND DEFINITIONS FROM STRUCTURAL CLUES
107
STRATEGY 9: DETERMINE MEANINGS FROM WORD PARTS
108
STRATEGY 10: USE CONTEXT TO DETERMINE MEANINGS OF DIFFICULT

WORDS
109
STRATEGY 11: USE CONTEXT TO DETERMINE MEANINGS OF SIMPLE

WORDS
110
1. Which of the following that could best

be replaced by “only”?
(A) widely
(B) solely
(C) basically
(D) such as
5. Which of the following that could

best be replaced by “steamed”?
(A) widely
(B) solely
(C) steeped
(D) used
6. The word “perish” in paragraph 1

is closest in meaning to
(A) span
(B) ivory
(C) die
(D) drought
111
10. The word “molar” in paragraph 2 is

closest in meaning to
(A) malnutrition
(B) teeth
(C) nourishment
(D) bone
112

best be replaced by “function”?
(A) stripe
(B) work
(C) colony
(D) decision
17. The word “obscure” in paragraph
3 is opposite in meaning to
best be replaced by “continue”?
(A) possible
(A) keep
(B) clear
(B) add
(C) clever
(C) admit
(D) independence
(D) grow
STRATEGY 12: DETERMINE WHERE SPECIFIC INFORMATION IS FOUND
113
STRATEGY 13: DETERMINE THE TONE, PURPOSE, OR COURSE
114
(Question 1-3)
115
3.
(Question 4-8)
116
4. 6.
5.
7.
(Question 8-10)
8. 10.
9.
117

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STUDENT’S BOOK

TABLE OF CONTENT …………………………………………………………………….i

SECTION ONE ……………………………………………………1

LONG CONVERSATION …………………………………………………………………22

SECTION TWO …………………………...………………………35

More Sentence with Multiple Clauses …………………………………………………….. 45

Problems with the Form of the Verb ……………………………………………………… 65

PRACTICE (Strategies 49-51) ……………………………………………………….82

SECTION THREE …………………………………………………92

Strategy 10 : Use context to determine meanings of difficult words ……………..

STRATEGY 1: FOCUS ON THE LAST LINE

STRATEGY 2: CHOOSE ANSWERS WITH SYNONYMS

STRATEGY 3: AVOID SIMILAR SOUNDS

STRATEGY 4: DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT WHO, WHAT, WHERE

STRATEGY 5: LISTEN FOR WHO AND WHAT IN PASSIVES

STRATEGY 6: LISTEN FOR WHO AND WHAT WITH MULTIPLE NOUNS

STRATEGY 7: LISTEN FOR NEGATIVE EXPRESSIONS

STRATEGY 8: LISTEN FOR DOUBLE NEGATIVE EXPRESSIONS

STRATEGY 9: LISTEN FOR “ALMOST NEGATIVE” EXPRESSIONS

STRATEGY 10: LISTEN FOR NEGATIVES WITH COMPARATIVES

STRATEGY 11: LISTEN FOR EXPRESSIONS OF AGREEMENT

STRATEGY 12: LISTEN FOR EXPRESSIONS OF UNCERTAINTY AND

STRATEGY 13: LISTEN FOR EMPHATIC EXPRESSIONS OF SURPRISE

STRATEGY 14: LISTEN FOR WISHES

STRATEGY 15: LISTEN FOR UNTRUE CONDITIONS

STRATEGY 16: LISTEN FOR TWO- AND THREE-PART VERBS

STRATEGY 17: LISTEN FOR IDIOMS

STRATEGY 18: ANTICIPATE THE TOPIC

STRATEGY 19: ANTICIPATE THE QUESTIONS

STRATEGY 20: DETERMINE THE TOPIC

STRATEGY 21: DRAW CONCLUSION ABOUT WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE

STRATEGY 22: LISTEN FOR ANSWERS IN ORDER

STRATEGY 23: ANTICIPATE THE TOPICS

STRATEGY 24: ANTICIPATE THE QUESTIONS

STRATEGY 25: DETERMINE THE TOPIC

STRATEGY 26: DRAW CONCLUSION ABOUT WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE

STRATEGY 27: LISTEN FOR ANSWERS IN ORDER

STRATEGY 1: BE SURE THE SENTENCE HAS A SUBJECT AND A VERB

STRATEGY 2: BE CAREFUL OF OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS

STRATEGY 3: BE CAREFUL OF APPOSITIVES

STRATEGY 4: BE CAREFUL OF PRESENT PARTICIPLES

STRATEGY 5: BE CAREFUL OF PAST PARTICIPLES

STRATEGY 6: USE COORDINATE CONNECTORS CORRECTLY

STRATETEGY 7: USE ADVERB TIME AND CAUSE CONNECTORS

STRATEGY 8: USE OTHER ADVERB CONNECTORS CORRECTLY

STRATEGY 9: USE NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS CORRECTLY

STRATEGY 10: USE NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTOR/ SUBJECTS CORRECTLY

STRATEGY 11: USE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTORS CORRECTLY

STRATEGY 12: USE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTOR/ SUBJECTS

STRATEGY 13: USE REDUCE ADJECTIVE CLAUSES CORRECTLY

STRATEGY 14: USE REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSES CORRECTLY

STRATEGY 16: INVERT THE SUBJECT AND VERB WITH PLACE

STRATEGY 17: INVERT THE SUBJECT AND VERB WITH NEGATIVES

STRATEGY18: INVERT THE SUBJECT AND VERB WITH CONDITIONALS

STRATEGY 19: INVERT THE SUBJECT AND VERB WITH COMPARISONS

STRATEGY 20: MAKE VERBS AGREE AFTER PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

STRATEGY 21: MAKE VERBS AGREE AFTER EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY

STRATEGY 22: MAKE INVERTED VERBS AGREE

STRATEGY 23: MAKE VERBS AGREE AFTER CERTAIN WORDS

STRATEGY 24: USE PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH COORDINATE

STRATEGY 25: USE PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH PAIRED CONJUNCTIONS

STRATEGY 26: USE PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH COMPARISONS

STRATEGY 27: FORM COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES CORRECTLY