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Semana 10

ADJECTIVES

En inglés, los adjetivos siempre preceden a los sustantivos:

Tom is a tall man. Mary is a beautiful woman This is an interesting book That is a big car

Además, son invariables, es decir la misma palabra se usa en el singular, plural, masculino o femenino. Por lo
tanto, el adjetivo tall /to:l/ se podría traducir como alto, alta, altos, altas.

The man is very tall. The woman is very tall. The men are very tall. The women are very tall.

Además, todos los sustantivos actúan como adjetivos cuando preceden a otro sustantivo. En estos casos no
deben pluralizarse (porque los adjetivos nunca se pluralizan!!).

An apple An apple tree Three apple


trees
A dollar A one-dollar bill A five-dollar bill
An exercise One exercise book Ten exercise
books
A hotel A hotel manager Two hotel
managers
ARTICLES

1. EL ARTÍCULO INDEFINIDO A (un, una) se usa para referirse a un artículo cualquiera, no específico. Ej. This
is a book. (Este es un libro). That´s a girl. (Esa es una niña). There´s a car in the street. (Hay un auto en la calle).

El artículo A se transforma en AN antes de una palabra iniciada con un sonido vocal o una h “muda”. Ej. This
is an apple. (Esta es una manzana). That´s an orange (Esa es una naranja). This is an old car (Este es un auto viejo). He
is an honest man. (El es un hombre honrado).

La letra u se considera vocal en palabras como umbrella , pero también se pronuncia como una semi-
consonante en palabras como uniform Por lo tanto se deber decir: This is an umbrella (Este es un paraguas) y
This is a uniform (Este es un uniforme). Hay palabras que comienzan con una letra o pronunciada como /w/, en
cuyo caso se trata como semi-consonante. Compare: This is an orange. (Esta es una naranja). This is a one-way
ticket. (Este es un boleto de ida).

El articulo indefinido a/an no tiene plural. Ej. This is a house /δis iz a háus/ (Esta es una casa). These are houses.
(Estas son casas). That is a tree (Ese es un árbol). Those are trees (Esos son árboles). That´s an animal (Ese es un
animal). Those are animals (Esos son animales).

Debido a que a / an no tiene una forma para el plural, en su lugar se usan normalmente palabras como some
(algunos/as), several (varios/as) o many (muchos/as) .

Ejemplo. There is a tree in the garden There are trees in the garden
There are some trees in the garden
There are several trees in the
garden There are many trees in the
garden

2. EL ARTÍCULO DEFINIDO THE (el, la los, las) se usa para referirse a objetos específicos, determinados. Se
usa tanto con sustantivos singulares como con plurales.

Ej. There is a book on the desk. The book is old. There are several books on the desk. The books are old.

Compare:
Show me (Muéstrame una fotografía) (cualquiera fotografía)
Exe. 1. Use the indefinite articles a or an

1. pencil 17. car


2. apple 18. used car
3. egg 19. modern car
4. envelope 20. young woman
5. umbrella 21. old woman
6. hour 22. one-dollar bill
7. honor 23. five-dollar bill
8. house 24. hotel
9. banana 25. instrument
10. big banana 26. musical instrument
11. exercise 27. answer
12. easy exercise 28. question
13. difficult exercise 29. impertinent question
14. university 30. usual question
15. old university 31. unusual question
16. new university 32. hard lesson

Ex. 2. Change the following sentences into the plural.

1. That is a picture
2. This is a car.
3. Is this an envelope?
4. That man isn´t a teacher.
5. I´ve got a friend in San
Francisco.
6. They´ve got a horse on the farm.
7. Peter´s got a new pen.
8. This boy isn´t a new student.
9. This is an interesting novel.
10. Is that woman a nurse?
11. Is that man an engineer?
12. There´s a yellow flower in the garden.
13. Is that an apple tree or a pear tree?
14. I haven´t got a cigarette.

Ex. 3. Change these sentences into the plural, use some, many or several

1. There´s a tree in the garden.


2. There´s a woman in the office.
3. There was a car accident last Sunday.
4. There is a new student in this class.
5. There will be an interesting program tonight
6. I´ve got a question for you.
7. They´ve got an interesting book in the library
8. The boy´s got a book in English.
9. There is a letter for you, Mr. Smith.
10. I´ve got a coin in my pocket.
11. I´ve got a magazine on my desk.
12. There´s a text book on the teacher´s desk. There are many text book on the teacher´s desk
13. The student has got a new notebook.
14. There is a student in the laboratory now.
15. Please show me a photograph. Please show me some photograph

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