DC MOTOR

REPORT

NAME: HANIS SHUHADA BT

MERHALIM
ID: 53104116165
CLASS: 2AVM2
 Table of Content

Title Page

Introduction 1

Objective 2

Construction 3-5

Summary 6

Conclusion 7

Reference 8
 Introduction

Almost every mechanical movement that we see around us is accomplished by an

electric motor. Electric machines are a means of converting energy. Motors take
electrical energy and produce mechanical energy. Electric motors are used to power
hundreds of devices we use in everyday life. Motors come in various sizes. Huge
motors that can take loads of 1000’s of Horsepower are typically used in the industry.
Some examples of large motor applications include elevators, electric trains, hoists, and
heavy metal rolling mills. Examples of small motor applications include motors used in
automobiles, robots, hand power tools and food blenders. Micro-machines are electric
machines with parts the size of red blood cells, and find many applications in medicine.

Electric motors are broadly classified into two different categories: DC (Direct
Current) and AC (Alternating Current). Within these categories are numerous types,
each offering unique abilities that suit them well for specific applications. In most cases,
regardless of type, electric motors consist of a stator (stationary field) and a rotor (the
rotating field or armature) and operate through the interaction of magnetic flux and
electric current to produce rotational speed and torque. DC motors are distinguished by
their ability to operate from direct current.
 Objective

Learning Objectives:

 Understand the basic principles of operation of a DC motor.

 Understand the operation and basic characteristics of simple

DC motors.

 Compute electrical and mechanical quantities using the

equivalent circuit.

 Use motor nameplate data.

 Study some applications of DC motors.

 Construction

DC motor materials needed :

Coil swg 25
6 volt battery

Commutator
Stator (metal) (bottle cap)

Rotor Bicycle rod

Alligator clip
(biscuit tin)

Switch
Wood base

Battery holder
9 volt battery

Tools Needed :

 Hand saw
 Drill
 Wire stripper
 Bolt cutters
 Pliers
 Hammer
 Small flathead screwdriver
 Araldite glue
 Ruler
 Marker
 Sand paper

Building the motor:

DC motors consist of one set of coils, called armature winding, inside another set of
coils or a set of permanent magnets, called the stator. Applying a voltage to the coils
produces a torque in the armature, resulting in motion.

Stator

 The stator is the stationary outside part of a motor.

 Made of core iron.
 The stator of a permanent magnet dc motor is composed of two or more
permanent magnet pole pieces.
 The magnetic field can alternatively be created by an electromagnet. In this case,
a DC coil (field winding) is wound around a magnetic material that forms part of
the stator.

Rotor

 The rotor is the inner part which rotates.

 Made of biscuit tin.
 Wind rotor using swg 25.
 The rotor is composed of windings (called armature windings) which are
connected to the external circuit through a mechanical commutator.
 Both stator and rotor are made of ferromagnetic materials. The two are
separated by air-gap.

Winding
A winding is made up of series or parallel connection of coils.

 Armature winding - The winding through which the voltage is applied or induced.
 Windings are usually made of copper (swg 25) .
 Rotor using 6 volt battery.
 Stator using 9 volt battery

Commutator
 Using small bottle cap
 Wrap tin biscuit around the cap. Make two gaps between them.

Summary
 There are two conditions necessary to produce a force on a conductor:

-The conductor must be carrying current.

-The conductor must be within a magnetic field.

 The right-hand rule for motors states that when the forefinger is pointed in
thedirection  of  the  magnetic  field  lines,  and  the  center  finger  is  pointed  in
thedirection of current flow, the thumb will point in the direction of motion.

 The  function  of  torque  in  a  DC  motor  is  to  provide  the  mechanical  output
to drive the piece of equipment that the DC motor is attached to.

 Torque is developed in a DC motor by the armature (current-carrying conductor)

being present in the motor field (magnetic field).

 CEMF is developed in a DC motor by the armature (conductor) rotating

(relativemotion) in the field of the motor (magnetic field).

 The speed of a DC motor may be changed by using resistors to vary the

fieldcurrent and, therefore, the field strength.

 The function of the voltage that is developed in a DC motor (CEMF) opposes

theapplied voltage and results in the lowering of armature current.

Conclusion
In the end, my design was successful. I never ran into any major problems where I had
to start my entire project over; I simply had to make small adjustments, which was what
I anticipated. When I first got the motor to run, I were excited that it was working. I
learned that there is always room for improvement in any project. I made sure I tested
the motor periodically and checked to confirm that everything I were doing was working
before I moved on. I did face some challenges where I had to take multiple different
approaches, but I learned a lot going through the process. Completing the motor and
seeing it working was when I really felt rewarded for the work I put in. Overall, the
project was a lot of fun.

References
 ugust 22, 200
Book: “Jeppesen”

Web: http://www.google.com

Web: http://www.images.google.com

Web: http://www.alldatasheets.com

Web: http://www.wikipedia.org