Hitachi ABB Power Grids Digital Substations Workshop 03.07.2020

Digital Substation
Workshop Baltics
POWERING GOOD FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

© Hitachi ABB Power Grids 2020. All rights
2020-07-02 reserved
1
Workshop Content
1. Merging units, current, voltage digitization, sampled values

2. Time synchronization of measurements end events
3. Process and station bus architectures for digital substations
4. Performance considerations in design of applications and architectures
HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

© Hitachi ABB Power Grids 2020. All rights reserved 2
Introduction
Speakers
Renatas Balke Peter Kreutzer

Regional Sales Manager Global Product Manager
Baltics & Belarus Substation Automation Products
Hitachi ABB Power Grids, Grid Automation Hitachi ABB Power Grids, Grid Automation
P: +49 15152820321 P: +41 585854752
E: renatas.balke@hitachi-powergrids.com E: peter.kreutzer@hitachi-powergrids.com

Merging units,
current, voltage digitisation,
sampled values

What is a digital substation
Asset performance management

enabled by advanced system and
Building blocks equipment supervision for
Utility communication
Non-conventional
instrument transformers
IEC 61850 based increase safety and
substation automation reduce footprint
protection and control
system
Stand-alone merging units

bridging the gap between
analog and digital world. IEC 61850 process bus
connecting the switchyard to
the protection and control
system
Digital Substation and IEC 61850
IEC 61850 communication services
Client-Server (IEC 61850-8-1)

– Reliable point to point sessions for central monitoring and Station Gateway
Computer
control
– Commands, reporting, logs, file transfer,… Client-Server
Ethernet Switch
GOOSE (IEC 61850-8-1) Station bus
– Real-time data broadcast for station wide applications e.g. GOOSE

interlocking
– Binary data, indications, commands Prot & Ctrl
Devices
SV, SV,
Sampled Values (SV, IEC 61850-9-2) GOOSE GOOSE
Process bus
– Real-time data broadcast for collecting measurements from

process SAM600 SAM600
Merging Unit,
– Sampled analog values Breaker IED
Bay 1 Bay n

Standardization and interoperability
Dynamic behavior Classes

TPX, TPY, TPZ
Conventional IEC60044/IEC61869
Current transformer Protection device

Internal
Principle: Sampling Protection
data exchange
magnetic A/D conversion algorithm
Filtering
NCIT with related merging unit
Current transformer Merging unit Transmission Protection device

of values:
IEC61850-9-2
magnetic, optical, A/D conversion algorithm
etc. Filtering
Independent transformer and merging unit
Current transformer Stand alone MU Transmission Protection device

of values:
IEC61850-9-2
magnetic A/D conversion algorithm
Filtering
Input/output characteristic Standard IEC 61869-13

(e.g. step response) of under preparation by IEC
transient behavior not technical committee TC38
specified
Solutions for digital substations
Non Conventional Instrument Transformers (NCIT) for GIS
ELK-CP NCITs for GIS

– Redundant, combined current and voltage sensors for gas
U&I sensor for
insulated switchgear (Rogowski coils, capacitive dividers)
420kV GIS
– Metering, protection and control accuracy in a single device
– World’s first IEC 61850-9-2LE-compliant, UCA-certified
merging unit
– Available for transmission level GIS since 1997 (initially with
proprietary communication)
145kV GIS with
U&I sensor

Modular process IO system for new and retrofit installations
SAM600 process bus IO system

Bridging the gap between analog and digital technologies
SAM600 modular process bus IO system is placed in the field to
connect conventional equipment to IEC 61850 process bus
High accuracy for revenue metering while covering the whole
dynamic range for protection
Fast data acquisition and communication for time critical
protection applications
Modules for various purposes:
– Current measurement for protection and metering
– Voltage measurement for protection and metering
– Time synch and more
– Scalable IO for binary signals from disconnectors, earthing
switches, breakers, transformers…

Integration of conventional CTs and VTs

Analog modules:
– Current measurement for protection and metering
– Voltage measurement for protection and metering
– Time synch and more
– Features:
– IEC/IEEE 61850-9-3 (PTP)
– Time synchronization accuracy T5 (1µs)
– Single/HSR/PRP connections to process bus
– HSR system bus between modules
– Binary inputs for VT MCB and test switch supervision
– Merging unit delay time of ~800µs
– Accuracy <0.1% of Ir across the entire temperature range *
– Operating temperature -40…+70°C

Time synchronization of
measurements and events

General concept for IEC 61850 based time synchronization
Improve Interoperability and Availability of time critical Applications
Benefits of general IEC 61850 based

time synchronization Advance Network
Network
Distribution Control
GMC Manager
– High accuracy Management System
• Must have for time critical application,

e.g.: Line differential protection, Digital Substation
GMC MC OC Intelligent SDM600
• PTP 1 µs accuracy for fully digital protection and phasor Operator
substation
HMI
Data
manager
measurements , SNTP 1ms for Automation workplace
Station bus Station bus TC
– Cost optimized
BC BC
• Multivendor interoperable and simple configuration
• Available Technology (Ethernet) across all layers Process
bus
– Improved Availability by comprehensive redundancy
concept
• Robust solution as PTP automatically switches over to OC
OC
SAM600
available best clock (Best Master Clock)

OC
• Supports comprehensive set of clock types
• Supports redundant Communication
(PRP, HSR)

Time synchronization
Synchronization of sampling Analog value

current/ voltage
 The time synchronization is used to
synchronize the sampling of analogue
values Time
 It enables synchronous sampling by

different physical devices
 Reference to absolute time is not 0s 1s
required
 Synchronization on process level can
be separate from station level
Sampled value
 The need to synchronize depends on current/ voltage
the application
… Sample No
IEC 61850-9-2 LE specifies for

synchronization:
– Time source accuracy: 1μs 0 0
– System accuracy for protection 4μs
1PPS 1PPS

Synchronization error I
Maximum error of 4μs results in:
Angle error:
0.07° (= 4.3`)
t
Max. amplitude error:
0.125%
(eg, 125A at 100kApeak)
Errors of CT/VT with accuracy class

0.2:
CT:
10 to 30` (0.17 to 0.5°) 4μs
VT: 0.125%
10`(0.17°)

SV stream U line
Example without synchronization
Sample No
0 U diff
Action:
Result:
Comparison of
SV stream U bus Voltage/phase Sample No
samples with
difference
same sample No
Sample No
0
IEC 61850-9-2
SV stream U line SV stream U bus
Sample No Sample No
0 0
MU MU
U line U bus
Time Time

SV stream U line
Example with synchronization
Sample No
0 U diff
Action: Result:
Comparison of No
SV stream U bus Sample No
samples with voltage/phase
same sample No difference
Sample No
0
IEC 61850-9-2
SV stream U line SV stream U bus
Sample No Sample No
0 0
MU IEC 61850-9-3 MU
PTP
U line U bus
Time Time

Time synchronization architecture
Separate station- and process bus
Boundary clock (BC) in IEDs

– A basic architectural principle in digital substations is the full physical
separation of the station bus from the mission critical real-time
communication carrying HMI/Gateway
GPS
IEC 61850 GOOSE and sampled values data on the process bus. IED
– This principle guarantees highest performance for GOOSE and SV, GMC
simplifies maintenance and allows for building separate security Station Bus
zones.
Control/Protection Time Synch
– As time synchronization of the merging units is crucial, the time from
GMCs typically connected to the station bus needs to be bridged IED
through the network to the process bus devices. BC
Process Bus
Time Synch
MU/Breaker
IED
OC

Time synchronization architecture
Redundant clocks
Redundant clocks and networks

To avoid this single point of failure it is recommended to have
redundant GPS clocks connected to same network.
HMI/Gateway
In the case that the network is designed as PRP, the two GPS clocks GPS GPS
IED
are connected as double attached nodes.
Station Bus GMC GMC
LAN A
LAN B
Control IED Protection IED
BC BC
Process Bus
Time Synch
MU/Breaker
IED
OC

Relion® 670 and 650 series
Enabling digital substations
With PTP one single clock is sufficient. The whole system
synchronizes using the Best Master Clock (BMC)
670/650 series act as Boundary Clocks (BC) and can thereby
accurately synchronized several network segments, typically Station
bus and Process bus
670/650 series can be Ordinary Clocks (OC) on each port, thereby
can be a Grandmaster in a system
670/650 series are also Transparent Clocks (TP) to meet the
requirements of IEC/IEEE 61850-9-3 with max 1µs for 15 hops in
HSR network
Elimination of IRIG-B or GPS modules in 670/650 series leads to
significant cost savings
Accurate synchronization, cost effective solution

Process and station bus
architectures for digital
substations

Process bus architecture
Bay wide versus station wide process bus

Bay wide process bus Station wide process bus
Advantages: Advantages:
– Clear separation between bays ensures high availability and simple – Highest flexibility in system design and data distribution across the
maintenance of individual bays substation (or voltage level)
Challenges: Challenges:
– Station-wide communication via station bus may be ok for BB – Traffic needs to be managed to avoid network overload
voltages or interlocking, but may not be acceptable e.g. for central – Communication network issues may affect several feeders
busbar protection
– Maintenance procedures need to consider station-wide data
– Network access for testing tools is limited exchange
HMI HMI
Station Station
bus bus
IED IED IED IED IED IED IED IED
IED IED IED IED IED IED IED IED
Process Process
bus bus
MU MU MU MU MU MU MU MU
BIED BIED BIED BIED BIED BIED BIED BIED
Bay 1 Bay 2 Bay 3 … Bay n Bay 1 Bay 2 Bay 3 … Bay n

Station and process bus concepts
Separate station and process bus
Fully separated station and process bus

Station HMI Gateway GPS clock
– Fully separated station and process bus enables
highest availability, performance and security.
– Mission critical data (e.g. SV and goose for trip) is Station bus
separated from the bulk data on station bus Critical for
MMS, GOOSE
control “only”
– Highest performance on process bus network PTP (SV of BB voltage)
– Clear separation of bulk and protection data Bay level IEDs
enables safe and simple maintenance acting as PTP Control Protection
boundary clocks
– Separate security zones
Process bus
Critical for
GOOSE, SV
protection
PTP
and control
Switchgear
Merging unit
control unit
Optional station bus connection for
monitoring and health data (MMS)

Redundancy concepts
Separation of main protection systems
Fully separated for main 1/main 2 System 1 System 2

– Full separation between first and second main
Control Protection Protection Control
protection (and control) systems. Same as in
traditional P&C systems.
– Optional link redundancy (typically HSR, to avoid Process bus 1 Process bus 2
switches) brings “n-2” for communication
– Safe maintenance of one system without Switchgear Switchgear

interfering with the other Merging unit Merging unit
control unit control unit
– Faults and disturbances on one system cannot
harm the other
– Highest network performance thanks to small
process bus networks
NCIT
NCITNCIT
Concept can be adapted to meet specific NCITNCIT
NCIT
requirements Redundant tripping Redundant measuring

Redundancy concepts
Common process bus network for first and second main protection
One redundant network for main 1 and 2 System 1 System 2

– First and second main protection share one
Control Protection Protection Control
redundant process bus (typically PRP due to
network size)
– Advantages LAN A
• All IEDs can use redundantly acquired process LAN B
data, e.g. for backup functions
• Tripping of both trip-coils from one IED is Switchgear Switchgear
possible Merging unit Merging unit
control unit control unit
– Challenges/Limitations
• No clear separation between main 1 and 2 may
complicate maintenance procedures
• Risk of affecting running parts when doing NCIT NCIT
NCIT
NCITNCIT
maintenance on one system NCIT
• Failures (e.g. flooding of network) of one device Redundant tripping Redundant measuring
may affect both systems

Relion® 670 and 650 series
Enabling digital substations
Support for various digital substation architectures

Up to 6 Ethernet ports that can easily be configured for MUs
Typical solutions
– Station bus is with redundancy PRP
– Process bus with redundancy HSR
– Time sync via PTP IEC/IEEE 61850-9-3 (Legacy PPS)
Connectivity to 3rd party IEDs/sensors/MUs using standardized Service 670/650
methods:
MMS Server
– Communication: IEC 61850-8-1, IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE
Publisher,
GOOSE
– Time sync: IEC/IEEE 61850-9-3 (PTP) subscriber
– Redundancy: IEC 62439-3 (link redundancy PRP/HSR) Sampled Subscriber
values
PTP Ordinary,
boundary,
Easily adaptable to most digital substation topologies transparent
IEC 61850 services

Benefits of modular system

Easy to use
– The module-per-primary object concept allows for intuitive and
flexible system design
Unrivalled flexibility
– SAM600 modules fit to any substation layout (double busbar,
1½ breaker, …)
– Large number of communication ports minimize the need for
switches in process bus
Cost saving retrofits
– Modular system enables “non-invasive” retrofit with minimum outage
time and step-wise commissioning

Integration of breakers, disconnectors…

Features:
SAM600-IO
– Scalable number of in- and outputs with up to 208 inputs or 96
outputs
– Supports up to 9 circuit breakers (3x 3 phases) and 18 disconnectors
and user-adaptble custom logic
– Relay or fast acting solid state outputs
– mA inputs
– GOOSE performance class P1 (<3ms)
– IEC 61850 modelling (XCBR, XSWI…) SAM600 service kit
– IEC/IEEE 61850-9-3 (PTP) (OC, BC, BMCA)
– Time stamping accuracy T1 (1ms)
– Up to 6 Ethernet ports for up to 3x HSR/PRP or 6x single
connections

Performance considerations
in design of applications and
architectures

Process interface devices for demanding Automation and
Protection
Comprehensive portfolio of application from mission critical to online monitoring and sensing
Benefits of the most comprehensive portfolio with Power

Grid Advance Network
Network
Distribution Control
Manager
Management System
– Digital integration in the entire system
• multivendor interoperable environment
• Extensive set of digital interfaces on process, control and Intelligent SDM600
protection devices Operator
substation
HMI
Data
manager
workplace
– Highest availability and reliability Station bus
• Must have for critical application,

e.g.: Digital Substation Control and Protection
• Improved Availability by comprehensive redundancy concept and Process
supports of redundant Communication bus
(PRP, HSR) SAM600 SAM600
• Withstand high EMC and mechanical stress

– Highest flexibility
• Modular and scalable architecture and allocation of functions
according IEC 61850 concepts.
– Proven applications across all level

Performance requirements
Standardized value: Merging unit delay time
Delay time of merging units

IEC 60044-8 specifies the allowed delay time of NCIT and
merging unit:
Delay time ≤ 3ms
IEC IEC
f1 61850 61850 f2
stack stack
Time from change on primary side until data is available on
Ethernet port of the merging unit CIT/NCIT Merging unit Ethernet Protection IED
This time has a direct impact on protection speed
Delay time
Performance is influenced by good product design

Performance requirements
Standardized value: Transfer time
Transfer time
IEC 61850-5 specifies for sampled values and trip GOOSE
transfer time ≤ 3ms Transfer time t = ta + tb + tc
– Resulting performance classes of devices: ta tb tc

P1 for GOOSE
P7 for sampled values
IEC IEC
f1 61850 61850 f2
Transmission time of a message, including communication stack stack
handling on both sides
CIT/NCIT Merging unit Ethernet Protection IED
Influenced by: Product feature.

– Stack processing time in merging unit (ta) Ensured by standardized
performance test
– Stack processing time in protection IED (tc)
System design.
– Network transfer time (tb) To be considered during
project execution

Total fault clearance time
Digital system
Transfer time 1 tTT1 Transfer time 2 tTT2
IEC IEC IEC IEC

f1 61850 61850 f2 61850 61850 f3
stack stack stack stack
CIT/NCIT Merging unit Ethernet Protection IED Ethernet Breaker IED CB

Logic ttrip relay tCB
Processing delay time tNCIT-MU Time protection IED Processing delay time tBIED
Total fault clearance time
Dark red: standardized times

Resulting total performance
With standard times
3ms 3ms
1.2 ms 0.6ms 1.2ms 1.2ms 0.6ms 1.2ms
IEC IEC IEC IEC

f1 61850 61850 f2 61850 61850 f3
Ethernet Protection IED Ethernet Breaker IED

CIT/NCIT Merging unit CB
3ms 20ms* 6ms 5ms 40ms
Total fault clearance time = 78 ms
Achieving 4-cycle total fault clearance time is possible if

— Components fulfill highest performance classes
— Ethernet networks have minimal latency

Optimization potential
Fast IEC 61850

communication
processing of
GOOSE and SV
IEC IEC IEC IEC

f1 61850 61850 f2 61850 61850 f3
CIT/NCIT Merging unit Ethernet Protection IED Ethernet Breaker IED CB
Communication
network design Fast power
with minimum outputs that do not
Merging units with require auxiliary
communication
low delay time trip relays
latency

Optimized
… …
… 0ms 1.2ms 0.5ms 0.2ms 0.5ms
IEC IEC IEC IEC

f1 61850 61850 f2 61850 61850 f3
Ethernet Physical device 2 Ethernet Breaker IED

CIT/NCIT Merging unit CB
3ms 20ms* 4ms - 40ms
Total fault clearance time = 69 ms
Undercutting 4-cycle total fault clearance time is possible if

— Components undercut standardized times
— Ethernet traffic is managed or networks are kept small

IEC 61850 based inter substation Communication, FOX 615
Real-time Communication across Substations for Tele protection with IEC 61850 GOOSE, SV
GOOSE, SV instead
conventional Wire or C37.94
– Multiplexer with proxy Substation Communication Substation
Networks
gateway to integrate e.g.: MPLS-TP
real-time data
(GOOSE, SV) within
Substation
– Up to 5ms performance GOOSE,SV GOOSE,SV
improvement for signal GOOSE,MM GOOSE,MM
transmission End to S S
End
incl.: encryption
GOOSE,SV GOOSE,SV
– Flexible and accurate
configuration for point SAM600 SAM600
to point signaling
across multiple
substation

Line protection in digital substations
Line distance protection
Conventional Digital
TPE MUX MUX TPE MUX MUX

GOOSE GOOSE
PDIS, 21 PDIS, 21 PDIS, 21 PDIS, 21
Process bus Process bus

(GOOSE & SV) (GOOSE & SV)
BIED
SAM600
BIED BIED
SAM600 SAM600
BIED
SAM600
MU MU MU MU

Line protection in digital substations
Line differential protection
Conventional Digital
MUX MUX MUX MUX

C37.94 C37.94
SV (& GOOSE) SV (&GOOSE)
PDIF, 87 PDIF, 87 PDIF, 87 PDIF, 87
Process bus Process bus

(GOOSE & SV) (GOOSE & SV)
BIED BIED
SAM600 SAM600
BIED BIED
SAM600 SAM600
MU MU MU MU

Summary
1. Merging units, current, voltage digitization, sampled values

2. Time synchronization of measurements end events
3. Process and station bus architectures for digital substations
4. Performance considerations in design of applications and architectures

Digital substations
Ellipse APM
Asset
performance
Digital technology from end to end management
Network FOXMAN Ellipse WFM Ellipse EAM

Manager Communication Workforce Enterprise asset
SCADA and Networks management management
Energy Management
System
From process to network level

Intelligent Station HMI Management
Substation Monitoring & Control System
Data Management Utility communication
Security Management network
Primary Equipment Management
Secondary Equipment
Management FOX615 Cyber security
IEC 61850 Substation Historian Utility at substation
Station bus AFS series communication borders, system
IEC 61850 on MPLS/TP level and in the
Relion series
Ethernet switches and existing electronic
process bus
SDH networks devices
based protection
and control IEDs
(Station bus for
IEC 61850 monitoring data)
Process bus Power
FOCS optical Transformers
CTs free-standing with SAM600 to
or integrated in PASS GIS Switchgear UniGear Digital
digitize bushing CT
DCB* Switchgear With NCIT for U&I and ZX0.2
measurements
With motordrive and smart local Digital
SAM600 process and digital control cubicle CoreTec MV switchgear
bus IO to bridge interface with MSM transformer with NCITs
the gap between switchgear monitoring with
analog and digital monitoring CoreSense DGA*
High Voltage Medium Voltage
From high voltage to medium voltage, AIS and GIS
Digital substations
Meeting the challenges of future power grids.
ABB’s digital substation is a core enabler

to increase safety, productivity and
reliability for grid operators and to
reduce the overall substation cost.
Digital Substations remove the last
electrical connection between the high
voltage equipment and the protection
and control panels, creating a safer work
environment, whilst reducing the costs
for building, land, engineering,
commissioning, operation and
maintenance of the system.
ABB Ability Ellipse Connected Lifecycle
Management enables better maintenance
planning and dispatching of maintenance
resources.
Digital substations will also help improve
safety, reliability and availability – thanks
to improved data quality and a shorter
decision time in case of an emergency.

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Hitachi ABB Power Grids Digital Substations Workshop 03.07.2020

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Digital Substation

POWERING GOOD FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

1. Merging units, current, voltage digitization, sampled values

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Renatas Balke Peter Kreutzer

© Hitachi ABB Power Grids 2020. All rights reserved 3

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Asset performance management

Stand-alone merging units

IEC 61850 communication services

Client-Server (IEC 61850-8-1)

– Real-time data broadcast for station wide applications e.g. GOOSE

– Real-time data broadcast for collecting measurements from

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Dynamic behavior Classes

Current transformer Protection device

NCIT with related merging unit

Current transformer Merging unit Transmission Protection device

Independent transformer and merging unit

Current transformer Stand alone MU Transmission Protection device

Input/output characteristic Standard IEC 61869-13

Non Conventional Instrument Transformers (NCIT) for GIS

ELK-CP NCITs for GIS

© Hitachi ABB Power Grids 2020. All rights reserved 8

Modular process IO system for new and retrofit installations

SAM600 process bus IO system

© Hitachi ABB Power Grids 2020. All rights reserved 9

Modular process IO system for new and retrofit installations

Integration of conventional CTs and VTs

© Hitachi ABB Power Grids 2020. All rights reserved 10

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Improve Interoperability and Availability of time critical Applications

Benefits of general IEC 61850 based

• Must have for time critical application,

available best clock (Best Master Clock)

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Synchronization of sampling Analog value

 It enables synchronous sampling by

IEC 61850-9-2 LE specifies for

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Errors of CT/VT with accuracy class

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

SV stream U line SV stream U bus

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

SV stream U line SV stream U bus

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Separate station- and process bus

Boundary clock (BC) in IEDs

© Hitachi ABB Power Grids 2020. All rights reserved 17

Redundant clocks and networks

Control IED Protection IED

© Hitachi ABB Power Grids 2020. All rights reserved 18

Enabling digital substations

Accurate synchronization, cost effective solution

© Hitachi ABB Power Grids 2020. All rights reserved 19

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Bay wide versus station wide process bus

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

Separate station and process bus

Fully separated station and process bus

© Hitachi ABB Power Grids 2020. All rights reserved 22

Separation of main protection systems

Fully separated for main 1/main 2 System 1 System 2