General Chemistry I (CHM 1001) Mid-term Exam May 06, 2020

1. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 5

문제: Select all the true statements regarding matter, energy, and measurement.

보기 1) All mixtures contain at least one element and one compound.

보기 2) Elements can exist in any of the three states of matter.

보기 3) A theory is more weakly supported by experimental evidence than a hypothesis.

보기 4) Compounds always contain at least two different elements.

정답 2, 4
정답해설: EXERCISES 1.92 참조

2. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 5

문제: Select all the true statements regarding matter, energy, and measurement.

보기 1) Air is a homogeneous mixture of gases and pure water is a compound.

보기 2) Compounds can be decomposed into two or more other substances; elements cannot.

보기 3) When yellow stains in a kitchen sink are treated with bleach water, a physical change occurs.
보기 4) In a conversion factor, the quantity in the numerator is equal to the quantity in the denominator, so
the overall numerical value is one.
정답 1, 2, 4

정답해설: EXERCISES 1.92 참조

3. 문제유형: 단답형, 난이도: 상, 배점: 5

문제: Carry out the following operation and express the answer with the appropriate number of significant
figures. [(3.003 x 104) – (8.5 x 103)] / (1.5000 x 104)
정답: 1.44
정답해설: EXERCISES 1.50 참조

4. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 5

문제: Select all the true statements regarding atoms, molecules, and ions.

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 보기 1) When  particles pass through a gold foil, most pass through undeflected but some are scattered, a
few at very large angles.
보기 2) Thomson’s experiments determined the charge of the electron.

보기 3) The neutrons in the nucleus of the helium atom are held together by a force called the strong nuclear
force.
보기 4) An alcohol is a compound in which a C atom of a hydrocarbon is replaced by an OH functional group.
정답 1, 3

정답해설: Chapter Summary and Key Terms, EXERCISES 2.22 참조

5. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 5

문제: Select all the true statements regarding atoms, molecules, and ions.
보기 1) The nucleus has most of the mass but occupies very little of the volume of an atom.

보기 2) The number of neutrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons in the atom.
보기 3) An molecular formula shows the simplest ratio of atoms in a molecule or elements in a compound.

보기 4) Butane and pentane are both capable of existing in isomeric forms.

정답 1, 4

정답해설: EXERCISES 2.22, 2.50, 2.82 참조

6. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 상, 배점: 3 + 5 = 8

문제: There are two different isotopes of A atoms. Under normal conditions, elemental A consists of A 2
molecules, and the mass of a A2 molecule is the sum of the masses of the two atoms in the molecule. The
mass spectrum of A2 consists of three peaks:
Mass (amu) Relative Size
69.938 0.0587
71.935 0.3672
73.932 0.5741

(a) Determine the average atomic mass of a A atom. (b) Write the chemical symbol with superscript (such as
00A) for each of the two isotopes and calculate the abundances of the two isotopes.
정답해설: 정답: (a) 36.482 amu, (b) 35A = 24.23%, 37A = 75.77%, EXERCISES 2.98 참조

7. 문제유형: 5 지선다, 선택유형: 단일선택, 난이도: 하, 배점: 4

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 문제: (a) Name the acid in English: H2S, (b) Name the ion in English: ClO 2–

보기 1) (a) hydrogen sulfide, (b) chlorine dioxide

보기 2) (a) dihydrogen sulfide, (b) chlorine dioxide

보기 3) (a) dihydrogen sulfide, (b) chlorite

보기 4) (a) hydrosulfuric acid, (b) chlorine dioxide

보기 5) (a) hydrosulfuric acid, (b) chlorite

정답 5

정답해설:

8. 문제유형: 5 지선다, 선택유형: 단일선택, 난이도: 하, 배점: 4

문제: Name the compounds in English: (a) FeCl2, (b) CO

보기 1) (a) iron(II) chloride, (b) carbonyl

보기 2) (a) ferrous chloride, (b) carbon monoxide

보기 3) (a) iron(II) chloride, (b) carbon oxide

보기 4) (a) ferrous chloride, (b) carbonyl

보기 5) (a) iron dichloride, (b) carbon monoxide

정답 2

정답해설:

9. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 상, 배점: 5 + 3 = 8

문제: Determine the (a) empirical and (b) molecular formulas of a compound, which contains 60.1% C, 4.4%
H, and 35.5% O by mass and has a molar mass of 360 g/mol. Hint: Atomic weight (H: 1.008 u, C: 12.011 u,
O: 15.999 u)

정답해설: 정답: (a) Empirical formula = C9H8O4. (b) Molecular formula = C18H16O8, EXERCISES 3.48c
참조

10. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 중, 배점: 4 + 4 = 8

문제: Assume that octane, C8H18, is completely combusted in air. (a) How many grams of CO2 are produced
when 25.0 g of C8H18 are combusted? (b) Octane has a density of 0.692 g/mL at 20 °C. How many grams of
O2 are required to burn 25.0 L of C8H18? Hint: Atomic weight (H: 1.008 u, C: 12.011 u, O: 15.999 u)

정답해설: 정답: (a) 77.1g , (b) 60575 g

EXERCISES 3.68 참조

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11. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 중, 배점: 5 + 3 = 8
문제: When benzene (C6H6) reacts with bromine (Br2), bromobenzene (C6H5Br) is obtained:
C6H6 + Br2  C6H5Br + HBr
(a) When 25.0 g of benzene reacts with 50.0 g of bromine, what is the theoretical yield of bromobenzene?
(b) If the actual yield of bromobenzene is 29.0 g, what is the percentage yield? Hint: Formula weight (C6H6:
78.11 u, Br2: 159.8 u, C6H5Br: 157.0 u)
정답해설: 정답: (a) 49.1 , (b) 59.1
EXERCISES 3.83 참조

12. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 5

문제: Select all the true statements regarding reactions in aqueous solution.

보기 1) Electrolyte solutions conduct electricity because electrons are moving through the solution.
보기 2) When methanol, CH3OH, is dissolved in water, a conducting solution results.

보기 3) When acetic acid dissolves in water, it completely ionizes into H + and CH3COO− and the solution is
acidic in nature.
보기 4) Water is good at solvating ions because the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water molecules bear
partial charges.
정답 4
정답해설: EXERCISES 4.13, 4.14, 4.15 참조

13. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 5

문제: Select all the true statements regarding reactions in aqueous solution.
보기 1) The net ionic equation for the reaction of magnesium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid is H +(aq) +
OH–(aq)  H2O(l).
보기 2) The molecular equation for the reaction that occurs between sodium bicarbonate and hydrobromic
acid is NaHCO3(aq) + HBr(aq)  NaBr(aq) + H2CO3(aq).
보기 3) The molecular equation for the reaction that occurs between copper(II) nitrate and silver metal is
Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2 Ag(s)  Cu(s) + 2 AgNO3(aq).
보기 4) An aqueous solution of H2SO4 contains a mixture of H+, HSO4–, and SO42–, with the concentration of
HSO4– greater than the concentration of SO42–.
정답 4

정답해설: 슬라이드 4-39, 43, 58, EXERCISES 4.34 참조

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14. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 상, 배점: 3 + 3 + 3 = 9

문제: Suppose you have 3.00 g of powdered magnesium metal, 1.00 L of 3.00 M potassium nitrate solution,
and 1.00 L of 1.00 M silver nitrate solution. (a) Which one of the solutions will react with the magnesium
powder? Give your reasoning. (b) What is the limiting reactant in the reaction? Give your reasoning. (c)
What is the molarity of the Mg2+ ions in the resulting solution? Hint: Atomic weight (Mg: 24.305 u)
정답 (a) silver nitrate solution (1 점), activity series 언급 (2 점)
(b) Mg (1 점), 1:2 ratio (2 점)

(c ) 0.123M (3 점)

정답해설: EXERCISES 4.105 참조

15. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 상, 배점: 3 + 5 = 8

문제: A sample of 7.00 g of Mg(OH)2 is added to 20.0 mL of 0.200 M HNO3. (a) Which is the limiting reactant
in the reaction? Give your reasoning. (b) How many moles of Mg(OH) 2, HNO3, and Mg(NO3)2 are present
after the reaction is complete? Formula weight (Mg(OH) 2: 58.32 u)
정답 (a) HNO3 (1 점), 1:2 ratio (2 점)
(b) Mg(OH)2 0.118 mol (2 점), HNO3 0 mol (1 점), Mg(NO3)2 0.002 mol (2 점)

정답해설: EXERCISES 4.109 참조

16. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 5

문제: Select all the true statements regarding thermochemistry.

보기 1) Heat, q, and work, w, are energies; their values depend only on the state or condition of the system.
보기 2) A completely insulated thermos containing hot water is an example of isolated systems.
보기 3) The heat capacity for one mole of a pure substance is called its specific heat.
보기 4) The standard enthalpy of formation, DHf°, is the enthalpy change that occurs in a system when a
chemical reaction transforms one mole of matter under standard states.
정답 2

정답해설: Chapter Summary and Key Terms, 슬라이드 5-11, 40, 61, 62 참조

17. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 5

문제: Select all the true statements regarding thermochemistry.

보기 1) At finite separation distances the electrostatic potential energy, Eel is positive for objects with like
charges and negative for objects that are oppositely charged. As the particles move farther apart, their
electrostatic potential energy goes to infinity..

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 보기 2) When a reaction is carried out in a constant-volume container (V = 0), the heat transferred equals
the change in enthalpy.
보기 3) In a simple “coffee-cup” calorimeter, the heat gained or lost by the solution, qsoln, is therefore equal in
magnitude but opposite in sign to the heat absorbed or released by the reaction, qrxn.
보기 4) Solar energy, wind energy, nuclear energy, and biomass energy are renewable energy sources.

정답 3

정답해설: Chapter Summary and Key Terms, 슬라이드 5-7, 28, 32, 44, 85 참조

18. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 중, 배점: 4 + 3 = 7

문제: Consider the following hypothetical reactions:
T1  T2 DHI = +80 kJ
T2  T3 DHII = –30 kJ
(a) Explain Hess’s law, giving a specific example. (b) Use the law to calculate the enthalpy change for the
reaction T1  T3.
정답 (a) Hess 의 법칙 설명 (2 점), example (2 점)
(b) 50 kJ (3 점)

정답해설: EXERCISES 5.62 참조

19. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 상, 배점: 4 + 3 + 4 = 11

문제: Consider the reaction 2 X2(g) + Y2(g)  2 X2Y(l) (Hint: X2 has a X–X bond. Y2 has a Y=Y bond. X2Y
has two X–Y bonds). (a) Use the bond enthalpies (DH = 440 kJ/mol for D(X–X), 500 kJ/mol for D(Y=Y), and
460 kJ/mol for D(X–Y) to estimate DH for this reaction, ignoring the fact that X 2Y is in the liquid state. (b)
Without doing a calculation, predict whether your estimate in part (a) is more negative or less negative than
the true reaction enthalpy, giving your reasoning. (c) Use the enthalpies of formation to determine the true
reaction enthalpy (DHf°[X2Y(l)] = –290 kJ/mol, X2(g) and Y2(g) are in their most stable elemental forms.).
정답 (a) -460 kJ (4 점)
(b) less negative (a)가 (1 점) g->l 이 발열반응 or g 의 enthalpy 가 더 크다 (2 점)

(c) -580 kJ (4 점)
정답해설: EXERCISES 5.87 참조

20. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 6

문제: Select all the true statements regarding thermochemistry.

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 보기 1) Solving the Schrödinger’s wave equation gives a set of wave functions called orbitals, and their
corresponding energies. The wave function ( ) has no direct physical meaning, but the square of the wave
function (2) represents the probability that the electron will be found at a given point in space.
보기 2) The Bohr model introduced a single quantum number, n, to describe an orbit, while an orbital is
described by a set of three quantum numbers, n, l, and, ml.
보기 3) Radial probability density is the probability that we will find the electron at a specific distance from the
nucleus, and nodes are the number of points at which the probability function goes to zero. s orbitals
possess n−1 nodes.
보기 4) In a many-electron atom, the electron–electron repulsions cause the various subshells in a given
shell to be at different energies. For a given value of n, the energy of an orbital increases with increasing
value of l.
정답 1, 2, 3, 4

정답해설: Chapter Summary and Key Terms, 슬라이드 6-48, 49, 50, 44, 85 참조

21. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 상, 배점: 4 + 4 = 8

문제: (a) Explain Einstein’s photoelectric effect, giving a specific example. (b) Explain why the wave model
of light cannot explain the photoelectric effect?
정답해설: (a) Chapter 6 강의자료 slide 18: Photoelectric effect: Light shining on a clean metal surface
causes the surface to emit electrons. Each metal has a different energy at which it ejects electrons. At lower
energy, electrons are not emitted. A minimum frequency of light is required for the emission of electrons. (b)
빛의 wave model 로 photoelectric effect 를 설명할 수 없는 이유는 wave 의 특성을 고려하면 파장이 긴 (
또는 진동수가 작은) 낮은 에너지의 빛의 세기를 높여주어 충분히 큰 빛의 에너지를 만들어낼 수 있지만,

그렇다고 그 빛으로 금속에서 전자가 나오게 할 수 없고, 특정한 에너지 (어느정도 높은 진동수 또는 짧은
파장) 이상의 빛 (photon)을 쪼여 주어야만 금속에서 전자가 나오기 때문이다.

22. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 상, 배점: 4 + 4 = 8

문제: (a) Calculate the energy change, in joules, that occurs when an electron falls from the ni = 3 to the nf =
1 energy level in a hydrogen atom. (b) Calculate the uncertainty in the position of an electron moving at a
speed of 9.00 × 105 m/s. We know the speed to an uncertainty of 1% and that this is the only important
source of uncertainty in the momentum. Hint: the speed of light4 c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1, the mass of an
electron = 9.11 × 10–31 kg, Planck’s constant h = 6.626 × 10–34 J s, Rydberg constant RH = 1.097 × 107 m–1
정답 (a ) -1.94x10^-18 or 1.94x10^-18 만큼 에너지 방출
(b) 6.43x10^-9
정답해설: Practice Exercise 6.4-1, 슬라이드 6-44 참조

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23. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 중, 배점: 4 + 4 = 8

문제: Explain (a) the Pauli exclusion principle and (b) the Hund’s rule, giving a specific example for each.
정답

(a) 하나의 원자에서 4 개 양자수가 모두 같은 전자는 존재 불가, 하나의 오비탈에는 전자가 2 개 까지만
채워질 수 있고 스핀이 반대이다. (2 점) 하나의 오비탈에 전자 스핀이 반대인 것 example (2 점)

(b) 같은 스핀의 개수가 최대로 배치되는 것이 가장 낮은 에너지를 갖는다 or 동일한 스핀의 홀전자가
많아지는 게 안정하다 (2 점) 동일한 스핀 방향 홀전자에 대한 example (2 점)

정답해설: 슬라이드 6-70, 75 참조