cccccFlight Controls Stall Report

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{ntroduction
©he aim of the report is to study the case of stall on an aircraft with respect
to its stall angle and stall speed. ©he report also includes sensing of
impending stall and methods used for stall protection and stall warning
system on an aircraft.

What is Stall?
When the airplane is moving the faster the air moves above the wing, it
creates a low pressure zone or lift which makes the aircraft move up and
flying. {f anything happens and the proper airflow is disturbed then the wing
loses lift and it is said to be stall.

Stall in an Aircraft
Stall in an aircraft is the aerodynamic condition in which the aircraft¶s
weight is anonymously when the lift production decreases.
Stalling of an Aerofoil
©his takes place when the angle of attack increases up to a level such that
the air can no more be attached to the upper surface of the aerofoil.

Angle of Attack
©he angle between the chord line and the direction of airflow on the leading
edge of an aircraft wing is known as angle of attack. {t can also be defined
as the difference between the pitch angle and the vertical angle.

Relative Airflow
©he direction of the airflow according to its aerofoil is known as relative
airflow.

Separation Point
©he point where the separation of the boundary layer over an aerofoil takes
place due to the impact of adverse pressure gradient is known as the
separation point.

Stalling Angle
©he aerofoil enters the stalling condition when the total lift of the aircraft is
reduced suddenly this is described as stalling angle.

Stall Speed
©he speed below which the aircraft cannot generate sufficient lift to carry its
weight is known as stall speed.

Pressure Distribution over an Aerofoil

©he pressure distribution over an airfoil section includes the concepts of the
aerodynamic twisting force and the aerodynamic lift. ©he primary reason of
the pressure distribution is to enable us to know about the aerodynamic
performance over the airfoil sections. ©he pressure is distributed to both
upper and lower surfaces which respectively produce upper surface lift and
lower surface lift.
Centre of Pressure
©he centre of pressure can be defined as the point on the chord where the
total lift is more efficient and effective. ©he centre of pressure moves
forward towards the front of the aircraft when the angle of attack increases.

©he centre of pressure varies around the surface of an object.

Stall Warning Devices
©he aircraft which is flying faster has a lower efficiency. ©he pilot should be
given a warning by the stall warning devices at a speed of about 5% to
10% before the stall speed so that the pilot gets sufficient time to move the
sticks forward and increase the speed of the aircraft before it gets
uncontrollable.

©he main purpose of the stall warning devices is to alert the crew members
about stall. ©hese indications can be a horn, an alarm or light indications.
©hese warning devices need sensors for protection from stall.

©he types of sensors are:-

î Angle of attack sensors

î Red sensor
î Vane sensor
î Pressure sensor
Conclusion
Finally after studying this report we can conclude that the stalling of an
aircraft is due the decreasing angle of attack and due to the stall speed.
©he stalling of an aircraft can cause the loss of aircraft and many live which
will never come back. ©his stall can be overcome by alerting the crew
concerned with the stall beforehand. ©he stall warning devices can make a
huge difference in the aviation industry if they are utilized properly.

Bibliography
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