BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

( BLS )
FOR HEALTHCARE WORKER

NCORT BLS Subcommittee 2015!

 CONTENTS

1.  Objectives
2.  Introduction
3.  Anatomy and physiology of cardiopulmonary
system
4.  Overview of Basic Life Support (BLS)
5.  Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
6.  Summary
 Objectives
1.  Describe the links in the chain of
survival
2.  Understand relevant anatomy and
physiology of cardiopulmonary
system
3.  Describe, understand and perform
BLS
 Introduction!
•  Basic life support (BLS) includes:
1.  airway,
2.  breathing

3.  circulation

4.  automated external defibrillator (AED)

5.  management of choking or foreign body

airway obstruction (FBAO).
 CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

Early ALS and Post

Early access! Early CPR! Early Defibrillation! Resuscitation Care !

Adapted from ERC Guideline 2015!

 SuddenCARDIAC
SUDDEN CardiacARRREST!
Arrest!

•  Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a condition in

which the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops
beating.
•  If this happens, blood stops flowing to the brain
and other vital organs.
•  SCA causes death if it's not treated within
minutes.
 Sudden
SUDDEN cardiac
CARDIAC arrest!
ARRREST!

•  Signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest:

1.  Unresponsiveness
2.  No breathing
3.  Abnormal breathing/ agonal breathing
4.  Seizure
 Sudden cardiac arrest!
Every 1 minute goes 

(after cardiac arrest)……

10%
Cardiac

The main components of the heart are :

1. Heart muscles - contract to pump
blood
2. Heart chambers - collect and channel
blood flow
3. Heart valves - allows only one way flow
of blood
4. Conduction system - coordinate heart
muscle contraction
5. Coronary blood vessels - supply blood
to the heart
 Physiology of
Chest Compression

Effective external chest compressions pushes blood out of heart

chambers thus maintain blood flow and oxygen delivery to vital organs
 Physiology of
Respiratory System

Room air -21% oxygen.

Rescue breathing -16% oxygen
BLS Overview
 TERMINOLOGY

AGE GROUP

Adult Children Infant

After the 1 year to 1 month to 12

onset of puberty months
puberty
 The Universal !
Choking Sign!

The victim will

clutch the neck
with the thumb
& fingers and
attempt to cough
out the foreign body !
 Choking!

SIGN MILD SEVERE OBSTRUCTION

OBSTRUCTION
“Are you “Yes” Unable to speak, may nod
choking” head

Other signs Can speak, cough, Cannot breathe / wheezy

breathe breathing / silent attempts
to cough /
unconsciousness
Adult FBAO Algorithm
PAEDIATRIC FBAO Algorithm
 Defibrillators

•  Defibrillators are machines that are

capable of delivering DC shock to a
patient in cardiac arrest for the purpose
of terminating VF and pulseless VT.

•  AED are machines that automatically

read and interpret a victim heart’s
rhythm and determine whether or not
that victim is in need of defibrillation
Automated External
Defibrillator

AED
 Defibrillator

Manual defibrillator with

AED function
 Defibrillators

Chances of survival
Chances of
with defibrillation
survival if cardiac
arrest occur & 30 -70 %
CPR applied

3 – 5%
Summary
 Component Recommendation
Adult Children Infants
Recognition Unresponsive

CPR sequence DRSABCD! DRSABCD! DRSABCD!

Compression rate 100-120 100-120 compression 100-120 compression

compression per per minute ! per minute !
minute !
Compression Depth 5cm but not more at least 1/3 the depth at least 1/3 the depth of
than 6cm ! of the chest or 5 cm the chest or 4 cm

Chest Wall recoil Allow complete recoil after each compression!

Compression Minimised interruption in chest compression and limit interruption
intruption less than 10 seconds!
Compression- One HCW CPR - 15:2 ! One HCW CPR - 15:2 !
ventilation ratio ! !
30:2
2 Two HCW CPR 15:2 2 Two HCW CPR - 15:2

Ventilation with 1 breath every 6-8 seconds

advanced airway
Defibrillation Use AED as soon as available
 THANK YOU
References
•  National Committee on Resuscitation Training Guidelines
2011!

•  2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary

Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science
with Treatment Recommendations, International Liaison
Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). !

•  European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Guidelines for

Resuscitation 2015 !

•  2015 American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines Update

for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency
Cardiovascular Care !
 THANK YOU
NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON RESUSCITATION!
SUBCOMMITTEE FOR BASIC LIFE SUPPORT 2015!

1.  Dr Mohd Lotfi Bin Hamzah

2.  Dr Luah Lean Wah
3.  Dr Abdul Kursi Bin Abdul Latif
4.  Dr Mohd Shukrudeen Bin Mohd Salleh
5.  Dr Mohd Amin Bin Mohidin
6.  Dr Khor Cheng Hoon
7.  Dr Cheah Pike Kuan