The magnetizing inrush phenomenon is associated with a transformer winding which is

being
energized where no balancing current is present in the other winding(s). This
current
appears as a large operating signal for the differential protection. Therefore,
special
measures are taken with the relay design to ensure that no maloperation occurs
during
inrush. The fact that the inrush current has a high proportion of harmonics having
twice the
system frequency offers a possibility of stabilization against tripping by the
inrush current.
The second harmonic blocking may not be effective in all applications with all
types of
transformers. The P64x filters the differential current. The fundamental Idiff(f0)
and second
harmonic components Idiff(2*f0) of the differential current are determined. If the
ratio
Idiff(2*f0)/Idiff(f0) exceeds a specific adjustable value (typical setting 20%) in
at least one
phase, the low-set differential element is blocked optionally in one of these
modes:
 Across all three phases if cross blocking is selected
 Selectively for one phase because the harmonic blocking is phase segregated
 There is no blocking if the differential current exceeds the high set thresholds
Is-HS1
or Is-HS2.
2.1.6 CT Saturation and no Gap Detection
No settings are required by the CT saturation and no gap detection features. It is
only
possible to either enable or disable them on the CTSat and NoGap setting cell. It
is
recommended to enable CTSat and NoGap because faster operating times are achievable
under CT saturation with fault levels below Is-HS1 threshold. The assertion of
CTSat and
NOGap prevents the second harmonic element from blocking the low set differential
element. Therefore, at fault levels below Is-HS1 threshold fast fault clearance is
achievable
even with CT saturation.
Figure 16 and Figure 17 are the same AN internal fault. Figure 16 shows the
disturbance
record from a P64x with CT saturation and No gap detection enabled. The second
harmonic
blocking is asserted due to CT saturation. Therefore, the operation of the low set
differential
element (bias element trip) is prevented. Once the No gap detection is asserted the
low set
differential element is allowed to operate. The operating time is 32 ms.
Figure 17 shows the disturbance record from a P64x with CT saturation and no gap
detection disabled. The second harmonic blocking is asserted due to CT saturation.
Therefore, the operation of the low set differential element (bias element trip) is
prevented
until the second harmonic blocking de-asserts. In this case, the operating time is
56 ms.
Enabling the CT saturation and no gap detection logics enhance the relay operating
time. In
this example, the relay is 24 ms faster if the CT saturation and no gap detection
logics are
enabled.