12-Indoor Air Quality - PPT Compatibility Mode PDF

INDOOR AIR
QUALITY
Safety and Health Officer Course
copyright@NIOSH 2005 1
OBJECTIVE
List at least 4 signs of poor indoor air quality

State the problems of indoor air quality
State the ways to control problems of indoor
air quality
Explain at least 3 indoor air quality tests
State the differences between air conditioner
and ventilation
State the functions of air conditioner
Elaborate two factors of comfortability
SCOPE
Poor Indoor Air Quality

Problems of Indoor Air Quality
Overcoming Indoor Air Quality Problems
Indoor Air Quality tests
Micro-Organism pollution vs Indoor Air
Quality
SCOPE
General purpose of air conditioners and

ventilation
Differences between air conditioning and
ventilation
Functions of air conditioning
Air conditioning system
Comfortability factors
INDOOR AIR QUALITY
New phenomenon related to occupancy of in

a modern building
Diseases arising from occupancy in a

building with poor indoor air quality
Sick building syndrome
Tight building syndrome
POOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY
Extremely cold/hot temperature

Low/high humidity
Lack of ventilation
Uncomfortable odours
Existence of dirt and organisms
Existence of toxic chemicals
Existence of spores, pollen etc
INDOOR AIR QUALITY
PROBLEMS
Poor air quality can be related to the poor

operations and maintenance of the air
condition system.
OVERCOMING INDOOR AIR
QUALITY PROBLEMS
Air conditioning system is designed
according to indoor air quality standards
(ASHRAE 62-1989 & ASHRAE 55-1992)
Testing of air cleaning equipments
(ASHRAE 52-1992)
Regular testing and maintenance of the
system
Monitoring of indoor air quality indicators
INDOOR AIR QUALITY TEST
- EQUIPMENT
Thermometer
Anemometer
Gas detector
Psychrometer
Smoke tube
Multi-function indoor air quality equipment
- METHOD
Measure the concentration of carbon
dioxide gas
Air outside building and within a space
Measure temperature
Air outside building and within a space
- METHOD
Qoa = 13,000 x no. of occupants
Cin - C out
Qoa = Rate of external air flow (cfm)
(minimum 20 cfm/persons:ASHRAE 62-1989)
%OA = Tra - Tsa x 100%
Tra - Toa
%OA = percentage of external air entering system
- METHOD
(minimum 20 cfm/persons:ASHRAE 62-1989)
%OA = Cra - Csa x 100%
Cra - Coa
%OA=percentage of external air entering
system Cra=concentration CO2 air cycle
Csa=concentration CO2 air within area
Coa=concentration CO2 external air
MICRO-ORGANISM
POLLUTION vs. IAQ
Micro-organisms in a HVAC (Heating,
Ventilating and Air Conditioning) system may
cause certain odours and in some conditions,
diseases and allergic reactions
The problems arise when the quantity of

bacteria, fungi or virus increases due to
conditions that are conducive for their growth.
GENERAL PURPOSE OF AIR
CONDITIONING & VENTILATION
To maintain a certain
specified level of air
cleanliness and
condition inside a
building (temperature, air
flow, concentration)
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AIR
CONDITIONING & VENTILATION
Air conditioning is a Ventilation is a facility
facility, and process of air to supply sufficient
treatment for the purpose external air into a
of: room or space, though
Cleaning natural or mechanical
Controlling temperature methods, to ensure
and humidity sufficiency of air
Maintaining a sufficient quantity for usage of it
supply of external air for occupants or process
ventilation purposes
FUNCTIONS OF
AIR CONDITIIONING
To provide and maintain a ‘created’ building
environment to ensure the comfort and
welfare of its occupants, or the efficiency
of a manufacturing process, or the
quality of products in storage
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
Supply of fresh air

Cooling
Humidification or
Dehumidification
Air flow
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
External air
Filter
Fan Repeated air flow
Air flow plenum
Cooling cycle
Air supply
Air temperature
control
COMFORTABLE ENVIRONMENT
Free from disturbances,

enabling work or recreational
activities without physical or
mental discomfort
COMFORTABILITY FACTORS
OXIGEN SUPPLY
20-21%
TEMPERATURE
Air temperature (60-68 F)
Radian temperature (62-68 F)
RELATIVE HUMIDITY (30% - 70%)
AIR FLOW
150 mm/s or 30 feet/min
COMFORTABILITY FACTORS
AMOUNT OF CLOTHING
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
OTHERS:
Smell
Airborne contaminants
Micro-organisms
Vibration and noise
Lighting etc

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INDOOR AIR

Safety and Health Officer Course

List at least 4 signs of poor indoor air quality

Poor Indoor Air Quality

General purpose of air conditioners and

New phenomenon related to occupancy of in

Diseases arising from occupancy in a

Sick building syndrome

Tight building syndrome

Extremely cold/hot temperature

Poor air quality can be related to the poor

Air outside building and within a space

The problems arise when the quantity of

Supply of fresh air

Free from disturbances,

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