Nema SM 1999

NEMA Standards Publication No.
SM 23-1991(R1997,R2002)
Steam Turbines for Mechanical Drive Service

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Published by:
National Electrical Manufacturers Association

1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847
Rosslyn, VA 22209
O Copyright 2002 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights including
translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne
Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the international and Pan
American Copyright Conventions.
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NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER
The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of
persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was
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developed, Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement
among every person participating in the development of this document.
The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards and guideline

publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a
voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together
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compliance with any health or safety-related information in this document shall not be
attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the
statement.
NEMA SM 23
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NEMA Standards Publication No. SM 23-1991 (R1997)
Steam Tuhines for Mechanical Dive Service
Published by:
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National Electrical Manufacturers Association

1300 North 17th Street, Suite i847
Rosslyn, VA 22209
Q Copyright 1997 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights including
translation into other bnguages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne
Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan
American Copyright Conventions.
~
. . ~
STQ-NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1991 6470247 0524297 714 m
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PiSc
FOREwom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
SCOPE ............................................. ii
Sectkn 1 REFERENCEDSTANDARDS AND DEPlNlïïONS .................... 1
RefaencedSEancbrrds ..................................... 1
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Definithm ........................................... 1
sectm2 CONSTRUCTION ....................................... 3
'I)pesofSteamT .................................... 3
CiassiñedbyExhaustcaiditiasis.............................. 3
. -N Tiabmc .................................. 3
CoadensingTUrbinc ................................... 3
classified by Number of Stages and Coam1Valves .................... 3
SingleValveSingieSEagC'Iirrbint ............................ 3
Single Vaive MuuistegeMine ............................. 3
Multi* sil@ stage m i
n e ............................ 3
Muitivaive Muitisiage'ïixòine ............................. 3
C i a s s i ñ d b y ~ N e e d s................................ 3
controlled (Alumtic) Exeraction Turbine ....................... 3
NoncwtrolletiExtractiosi nlrbhw ............................ 3
Noacontrolled Induction 'linbine ............................ 3
CmmUed InQiCtim(Mixdnesslire) M e ..................... 3
InductimExtractionTirrbine .............................. 3
SteamIIiabinecctUl~ts.................................. 3
Turbinecasmg ....................................... 3
SteamInletEndseCtion ................................. 3
ExhaustEI?dstction ................................... 3
Irlemedia&sactiw ................................... 4
Steam Chest (GOV~IIKN vahe Body) ............................ 4
SteamRing ......................................... 4
Nozzles ........................................... 4
StatiomyReveEngBladcs ................................ 4
StationaryRevczsingCham~ .............................. 4
Diciphragm ......................................... 4
sw.nlrbirbe ........................................ 4
ImpuIseStage ...................................... 4
ReactianStage ...................................... 4
shaftseals ......................................... 4
casingshaftseals ..................................... 4
Intemagestlaftseals .................................. 4
BearingHousing ...................................... 4
Bearings ........................................... 4
RacüaiBcarings ..................................... 4
ThnistBearings ..................................... 5
AntitÌiCtianBearings ................................... 5
RotorAssembly ....................................... 5
wheels@iscs) ......................................... 5
Biades(Buckets) ........................................ 5
Shroud ............................................. 5
Handvalve@) ......................................... 5
RotectiveDevice ....................................... 5
COnmhgDevi~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
ExtemalcontrolDevice .................................... 5
WamingDeVice ........................................ 5
plr
sectlocr2
Sentinel W h g Valve ................................... 5
soleplate(s) .......................................... 5
Basephte ......................................... 6
FeatmsandAccessan?es ................................... 6
BasicFeaMesaQd- ............................... 6
OptiOnalFeaMesandAccessorics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
e d ~ .................
c o n t r o n e d ~ ~ a n d c o n t r o l l ?Itrrbines 7
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Ncmwntroiled Exüacîh Turbhes ............................. 7

Nonconp.olled InductiaiIlabines ............................. 7
?IiirbineRating......................................... 7
power ............................................ 7
speed ............................................ 7
Ratedspeed ....................................... 7
Maximum continwusspeed .............................. 7
N d Power end Speed and Steam Caiditions ..................... 7
Stcamconditiaas: ...................................... 7
MinimwnSteam(hKiibS ............................... 7
MaximumStcamconditions .............................. 7
MinimumEnergystcamccmditions .......................... 7
Inletsteampressure ................................... 7
ExhaiistSteampressUre ................................. 8
Extraction Steam Rressiire ................................ 8
Induction Steam Pressure ................................ 8
Inlet Steam Tempemure .................................. 8
perame
ExhaustSteamT~ ............................... 8
Extiaction SteamTemperatrae .............................. 8
LndpctimSteam Tempgatme .............................. 8
Maximum Mowable Working PressuresandTeanptmtms .............. 8
DualSteamconditions ................................. 8
.............................
VauiationsinSteamconditions 8
Flow Limits for an Automatic Exaaction ? M i h e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
..........................
HowrjmitpforanInductionTurbine 9
Units of Measurement for Absolute and Gauge Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Thermodynamic?Iienns .................................... 9
SteamRateS ......................................... 9
TheOretidSteamRate ................................. 9
ActualsteamRates ...................................
I
10
GuaranteedSteamRate ................................. 10
?Iiirbineconnectiais...................................... 10
outputshaftExte~.................................. 10
Steamcohus ..................................... 10
...................................
AuxiliaryconnectionS 10
LlbiClUb ........................................... 10
NonpFessure?lSpeLubncation(Single stage lbbines) .................. 10
oil Lulnicztred sleeve Beanngs (HarizwEalTiirbines) ................. 10
G?ease or oillubricatadAntinictionBearings ..................... 10
pressure?lslpeoilLu~ ............................... 11
.......................................
InProduction 11
Oilnrmpr ........................................ 11
.......................................
oilReservoir 11
oilcooler ........................................ 11
OilFdt~zs......................................... 11
. .
S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL L99L b470247 0524299 5 9 7 =
section2
piping and Instnunentation
nwisons for the Esrvin>nment
...............................
................................
.
11
12
Eaclosufe .......................................... 12
Exposwe to Nanrral Elements ............................... 12
Exposure to Abnonnal Ahnœphedic conditioas ...................... 12
GeneraiRequiremeats ..................................... 12
PltsSureandTempemmRanges ............................. 12
vi’bration .......................................... 12
Singlestageïùrbim .................................. 12
M d t i s t a g e ï ù r b ~ ................................... 12
clitwspeeds.L................................... 13
NameplateData ....................................... 13
Sedkn 3 CONTROLS .......................................... 17
GoveaningSystem ....................................... 17
SpeedGOmar ....................................... 17
Multivariable Govexnor ................................... 17
CoatmlMeChanism ..................................... 17
GOvmorconmlled WVe(S) ............................... 17
Servomom System ..................................... 17
E x t e m a l C d D e v i w .................................. 17
Speedcbangetlype ................................... 17
RemoteSetPointQpe .................................. 17
Valve Actuating- .................................. 17
speedchanger ....................................... 17
Speed Govaning System classification ............................ 17
SpeedRange ........................................ 18
Maximums@Rise .................................... 18
speedvariation ....................................... 18
DeadBand ........................................ 18
stability ......................................... 18
Speed Regulation. Steady State .............................. 18
steamPressurecaritrd .................................... ZQ
PressureRegUlatingSysíea~................................ m
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PressureRegUlatw ..................................... m
Control MechaniSn ..................................... 20
nessUre Controlled Wves ................................. 20
pressurechanger ...................................... 20
SteadyStatePxess~mRe guûuion .............................. m
PressureReguiatioaiC . ............................ A)
stability ........................................... 21
pressure control perfamilmce ............................... 21
Compensated coatrol System ................................. 21
Electronic Governing System ................................. 21
Basic Features ........................................ 21
Accessones ......................................... 21
Control Primiries ..................................... 21
Control of inâuctimor Extracoon ............................ 21
Missing Signai Detection Featrae ............................ 22
SensorRedundancy ................................... 22
OverSpeeaTnp ...................................... 22
...........................................
Genexal 22
Automatic S t a t Controls ................................... 22
STD.NEMA Sfl 23-ENGL 1991 m b470247 0524300 039
p.pc
secth4 PRûïECTiON ......................................... 23
BasicFeaûues ......................................... 23
UanUalTrip ......................................... 23
Overspeed'LtipSystem ................................... 23
OverspeedScnsingD ................................. 23
n i p speed .......................................... 23
nipvalve .......................................... 23
Combined 'Ltip and IhrottltValve ............................. 23
overspeednipsystemsetting ............................... 23
secSIon5 FACIDRYTESTING ..................................... 25
'Iiirbine ............................................. 25
HydroTd .......................................... 25
NoLoadRUnmngTesc ................................... 25
Sectbn6 SOUNDPñESSUREJEVELS ................................ 27
Gtaeral ............................................. n
swnd€3essweLev& ..................................... 27
soSmd~LevelMtasuremcntprocedme........................ 27
Camction for BacLgrwnd Noise ............................... 28
souadResolution ....................................... 28
Instnuneats........................................... 28
S d A ü e nd o n ....................................... 29
sectm7 PRapARATI0NFORS"TANDSTORAGE .................... 31
S h i j l p i D g R e ......................................
~ 31
Shipneat ............................................ 31
W i t and Storage of Equipmeat .............................. 31
sectkn8 INSTALLAIION ....................................... 33
In-tion ........................................... 33
SupervisionOfIaseallation ................................... 33
........................................... 33
Fouudation ......................................... 33
steam Inlet and Exhaust Piping ............................... 33
C i e a m n g o f ~ S t e a m P i p i n g............................. 34
SteamPipingSystems ..................................... 36
I n e t i o n ......................................... 36
........................
The Piping noblem as Applied to ?brbines 36
...............................
FbmsDue to Stearn Pressure 36
FbmsDue to Temperatwe .................................. 38
.................................
FarcesDue to Dead Weight 40
....................
AuowaMe Fœces and Moments on Sttam Turbines 41
DrainPiping .......................................... 42
IÆak-ofli ........................................... 42
Fuil-FiowReii&Device.................................... 42
CoUptingAlignmcnt ...................................... 44
Grwting ............................................ 44
FlushingûiiSystem ...................................... 44
seCtrOn9 OPERATONANDMAINTENANCE ............................ 51
In-tim .......................................... 51
operatioa ............................................ 51
Noncondensin . g'Ihrbine ..........
' g 'hbine opetatianof aMultisragecondensia 51
'I)pical SEertmg Seqaence fima Steam nirbine ........................ 51
Maintlmance .......................................... 51
Intluduction ......................................... 51
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S T D m N E U A SU 23-ENGL 1991 6470247 0524303 T75
pige
SeCtknS
UitemalWaterWashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
steamhinty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Sacth10 INQUIRYGUIDE.. ..................................... 67
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S T D * N E M A SU 23-ENGL L99L 9 6470247 052430il 7 D l W
Foreword
Ilhis standard has been developed by the Steam "wbiine Section of NEMA. In its preparation
andrevision,considaationbas been given to the work of other organizations. such as the American
National Standards institute, the American Peuoleum institute, the AmericanBoiler Manufacturas
Association, and the Amencan. SoCiety of Mechanical Engineers, striving toward the deveiopment
ofstandards,anddtishaebygiventoaii whosesiandardsmayhavebeenh~~inthepreparatian
of this publication.
nK purpose of this standard f a singie stage and multistagemechanid drive steam turbines is
to faciiitate the appiication of the.se turbines by engineers, users, aad conuactas, to promote
ecwomieS m driving rotalhg mechanical equipment, and to assist in the proper seiection and
app~ofthedifferingmechantcaldesigns of turbines.
NEMA Standards P u b l i a SM 23-1991revises and SupeISedes the NEMA StandardsPubli-
Cation Steam Turbinesfor Me~hanicalz)rive S e M e , SM 23-1985.
User needs have been considertd throughout the development of this standard. Proposed M
recommmdedrevisions should be submitted to:
Vice Resident,Engineering Depamnent
NationalEiecaicalManufacturersAssociation
2101 L S l E a Nw,suite 300
Washnigton,DC 20037
(202)457-8400
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S T D - N E M A SU 23-ENGL L99L b 4 7 0 2 4 7 0524303 848
ii
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S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL 2992 6470247 0524304 784
Section 1
REFERENCEDSTANDARDS AND DEFINITIONS
AmtriamNationolStandandsInstitute
1430Broadway
NewYork,NY 10018
S1.4-1983 Spcjficprionfor Soundikwl Meters

s1.11-1% Spe@hations for Octave-Bad, Fractional Octaw-Band Anolog Md
DìgM Füms
ANSUASME
B 16.1-1989 Can Iron Pipe Flanges mid Flanged Fìttings,Class25,125,250anàW
B16.5-1988 piPC F b g e s and Flrurged F&gs
B1.20.1-1983 General Purpose Pipe ThrecuFr (Inch)
B31.1-1989 PowcrPìpìng
J h t Ililrinnfactprors Association
25 North Broadway
-,NY 10591
The S t a d a d sf the IIqmsion Joìnt Matu#actmrs AssocirrtiOn (1980)
(198s Addendum).
Riuiont-An -t deviarian in SM
caiceaoicityiodicattdbytheoatputofaprmimityprobc
whichisduetovariatiaas in the electricalcondllctivjtyœ
magnetiCpopertiesOfthtobsavedshaftsraface.
EntrrippedEwrgy-'Ibe~whichcemainsintk
volume of steam bappad betweem the turbine and a trip
valve ur notmew Valve.
FhibleShriPt-Ashaftwhichisintendedfmapera0ioa
atspeedsgreaterthanthe firstlateral c r i h i speed.
Hmting-Tñe oscillationof speed or other c011PD)led
pamnmx above and below the mean vaiue. An MsEable
coaditioll.
Hydno --A test fm leairs and mtegrity 0fthepn~-
smecontainingcompentsofthe turbinebypressip1pag
with water.
ïntemaiWaterW~g-Aproceduremwhichsteam
having a high percentage of moisture is hjecteä into the
tuhine forthepinpose of removhg water soiuble &posits
from the tirrbine blades and aozzles.
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STDmNEMA SM 23-ENGL 1991 W b 4 7 0 2 4 7 O524305 bLO
SM 23-1991
Page 2
Laterpl C r i h l Speeds-The speeds at Which the ~ITI- SpeeiTied Conditions-Specified conditiolls are aU
plitude of die iaterai vibration of a machine rotar due to customer d e f d power, speed and steam conditions at
shaft rotation I.each their maximum due. which the turbine must operate.
Proximity Probe-A non-contacting device which Steam liirbine-A prime mover which converts the
eiecîronidy measures the position or displacement mo- thermal energy of steam directly into mechanical energy
tion of an obsexveú surface relative to the probe position. of d o n .
Purge A i r 4 method of seaihg in which air (or ineat StiffShaft-A shaft which will not be operated during
gas) is bid into the seal ar housing to maintain a slight n o d circumstancesat speedsgreaterthan the nrst lareral
positivep.essrireandthuspreventtheentranceofcoaruuni- criticalspeed.
nants. Therm0coupl-A &vice for Sensing temperatures in
ResiSEnace lkmperaîure Detector (RTD)-A device which a pair of dissimilar conductors are pined at two
for d g temperature in which the eíwhicai resis- pints so that an electromotive force is developed by
tance of tbe &vice changes with mperaiure. thermoeiectric effects when the junctions are at merent
Respoase The-'ib time required to m v e r to the temperature.
d y suue operatingvalue afterasudden change in bad. NEMAStandard 130-91.
Service Factor-ïhe factor by which the maximum
power capability of a device exceeds its rated m.
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STD*NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1991 b470247 0524306 5 5 7
SM 23-1991
Page 3
Section 2
CONSTRUCTION
21 TYPES OF STEAM TURBINES 2.1 3.2 N O " T R 0 U D EXTRACTlûN TURBYSE

A nonconmiied exnaction turbine is a steam trrranC
2.1.1 clsssified by Exhaust conditkns which has an opening(s) in the turbine casing for thc
2.1.1 .I NO"DPISING TURBINE extraction of steam but which does not have means fa
A noncondengng turbine is a steam turbinedesigned to cantrollingthe presswe of the extracted steam.
NEMA SIPndard 6-21-1979.
aperate with an exhaust steam pressureequal to ur greatex
tbanatmospkricpressure. 2.1.3.3 NO"TR0LLED N I- TuRBWE
NEMA- 11-13-1969. A I1oI1contTdled mduction turbine is a steam Mbine
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21.12 CONDENSING TURBINE whichhas an opening(s) in the airbinecasingfainductioa

of steam but which does not have means for CQltlDUiilie
Am- turbine is a sream Wine designed to the pressureof the inducted steam.
operatewithanexhauststeampressurebelowamia6p~c NEMA S W d d 11-14-1W.
P=-=
NEMAStandard 1-30-91. 2.1 6 4 m D INWCTION (m
PRESSURE) m BW E
2 1 2 CWslfîedbyNunberofStegesand A controlled induction (mixed pressiire) turbine is a
Cœlwvahrea
steam turbine which is povided with sepíirate inlccs far
2.1 2.1 SINGLE VALVE -LE STAGE TURBINE steam at two pressures and has an automatic device f a
A singie valve single stage turbine is a steam airbine conb.olling the flow of steam to the turbine stages follow-
which has one govmor conmiled valve and one stage. ing the induction opening.
NEMA- 6-21-1979. NEMA stendprd 6-21-1979.
2.1 2.2 SINGLEVALVEMULTISTAGE TURBINE 2.1.3.5 INDUCTION EXTRACT" TURBINE
A single valve multistage turbine is a steam trirbine An induction exmtion Mbinc is one which combincs
which has one govmorconaoued valve and two or more the fatum of extraction (controlled ar nanconmikd)
stagts, with the featuresof induction.
NEMASEendard 6-21-1979. NEMA standerd 6-21-19B.
2.1 9.3 MULTIVALVE SINGLE STAGE TURBINE 2.2 STEAM TURBINE COMPûNENTS
A mdtidve Agie stage turbine, is a steam turbine
wbich has two or m a t governorcontmkdvaives and one 2 2 1 nirblnecaslng
stage. A turóine casing is the e n c l o m which sumomis tbc
NEMA spnd9id 6-21-1979. rotating element of the turbine and supports the s t a t i m
steamparts.CasingsshallbeaxiallysplitJadiauysplifa
2.1 9.4 YULTIVALVE MuLTWTAOETURBPIE a combination thereof.
Amuitivaive muitistageturbine is asteamuxbine which he turbine casing W be divideaintotwourmon
has two ar more governar Caimlled valves and two OT sections as follows:
-stages- NEMA Standard 6-21-19B.
NEMAStandard6-21-1979.
2.2.1.1 STEAM INLR ENDSECTION
215 C ~ b y P F o c e s S N e e b s The steam inletend section is that portion of the riffpinn
2.1 3.1 m D ( A W W A C ) EXTRACTION which containsthe higher pressure steam.
NEMAStandard 6-21-197W.
TURBINE
A controlled (automatic) extraction turbine is a steam 2.2.1.2 EXHAUST ENDSECTION
turbme which has an opening(s) in the turbme casing for The exhaust end section is that partion of the cssing
the extraction of steam and which is provided with means which contains the exhaust connection and the steam at
far directly reguiacing the flow of steam to the turbine exhaust conditions.It shaü also contain the low pressnn
stages following the extraction opening for the purpose of stage(s) of a multistage turbine.
mmiiingextraction pressure. NEMA Standard 6-12-1979.
NEMAStandaid 6-21-1979.
S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL L99L H 6470247 0524307 493
SM 23-1991
page4
2.2.8.1.1 Aptsure impulse ur Rateau stage coLIsi8t8 d

smionmy expnshx~nozzíe(s) and one row of rotatiag
bkides.
2.2.8.1.2 A velocity-compoanded impuise or Curtis
stageconsistsofstationaryexpansionnozzle(s)Imdtwoa
more rows of rotating blades.
2.2.8.13 A v e l o c i t y ~ p u n i d e d i m p u i s e ~ ~ s i a g e
umsists of Srationary expansion nozzie(s), am?IOW at
rotatiogbladesandoneormorereversingchambas.
TbepressmdropacrossaRateanstageisreiativelybw
inwmpoaisontothepssmdmpacmsaCmtis~.
Authorized E n g W n g l t l h n a h6-21-1070.
2.2.8.2 R ~ C T I OSTAGE
N
A reaction stage consists of stationary expanSion
nozzie(s)discharginghighvelocitysteamjetsaitherotat-
ingblades.Apressuredropoccursinboththesiatioaary
and rotatingelements.
NEMAStandardô-21-107B.
229 shaftseals
2.28.1 CASING SHAFT SEALS
Casingshaftsealsminimizetheleakageofsteamoutof
uie casing dong tbe shaft.
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For condensing turbines, seals are arranged to jxemt
rhe entnuiceof airinto the casingdong the ShaR *yare
aaraaged fur the admifipimi of steam at a canstant low
pressmcand low mperalme.
INTERSTAQE SHAFT SEALS

Interstage shaft seals minimize the leakage of steam
h g the shaft between stages m amuitisfage m r b h
NEMAStandaid6-21-1979.
2.2.10 Beerlngtlouslng
Abearing housing Coataias andsupputs abeariagfs)
andisequippedwithseaistopreventlcíücageofdaodttie
entnince of m o h , dust,and foreign matmi&.
NEMA- 6-21-1970.
2.2.11 ûmtln(Y
2.2.11.1 RADIAL BURINOS
RaclialbearingsarebearingsWhich s u p p a r t t b e ~
elementinhorimtalshaftbirbines.Iheyareofihtsl~~,
tilting pord mantifriction type. In verticat tmbrnes,these
bearings tnri;sllv positiOn the mtar assembly.
NEMAStandrurl6-21-1970.
2.2.11 9 T H R W BEARINGS
Thrust bearings rn m g s which trammitthe axid
thrust of the rotatllig dement to the beaping bousmg and
maintain the axial position of the mux assenibly m the
STD-NEMA SM Z3-ENGL I99L W b470247 0524308 32T m
SM 23-1991
Page 5
casing. They m of the antifrictm, laad, ar scgmeniai 2.2.18 ConadllngDeVice

tutuigpadtypt. Acoatrolliagdevice is OM which manidly
NEMASWdaid6-21-1939.
icaliy initiates action of a system which caaerols a(MnB1
2.2.113 ANTFRICTION BURIN08 apaationofthetiirame.
NEMA- 11-13-1968.
Antiúictim bearings stmuid have a minimum rating life
of3 yearsa25 o0Ohoursw h e n a p e r a t e d ~ ~ a t 2219 ExtemalcontrdDwlce
maxgnumtblUStdradislloadsaodat~speed.
Authorized Engheeiing Inkrmillion 6-21-1979. An extanal control deviœ is an element which is E-
The rating life is tbe number of houisatcunstant speed sponsive to signais other than turbine spaad, ie., flow,
tbat9ûperctntofagroupofidcnticalbearhgswiiiopcratc presswe, -,and soforth,dacis toconirol the
befcxe the fitaeviâe-nce of fatigue devebps. fbw of steam to the turbiDe. shalt be pnemwidY* u
kthomed E n g i i n g Inbnnaakn 6-21-1979. mecbanidy, hydraulically.or electricany actuated fiom
the signal sollfcc to position the governor vaive@). (Ref-
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
2.2.12 RotorA88etnbly mmœ Section 3.1.6.)
"be r ~ oassembly
t is the rotlltingelemnt of the turbine NEMAStandard 6-21-19'19.
whichinclubesaiîpartsattachedtotheshaft,excludiugthc 2220 WamlngDeVlce
caipling(S) unless coupling is integral Witb the shaft.
NEMA- 621-1979. A warning de* is one which,by visiõle or auáiblc
means, or both, indicates that an abnomai apefatingum-
2.2.13 W h 0 d s m ) ditionexiscs,
wheels arediscs which are inmgrai witb,orñxcdto, the NEMAStandard6-21-1879.
~ieshaftandoawhichbladesaremounted,orinwwhich 2.2.21 Sentlnel Wamlng Valve
bladesorbuclrmsaremachined.
NEMA- 6-21-1979. A sentiael waming valve is a pressure warning device
whichopenswhaithesteampressurerisestoapredeter-
mined1eveLThedeViceshaü dischge tothe atmosphere
andshallbesolocatedasto be plainly visible&
For condcaskig tl&K%% it shall be set at 5 psig 135
kFa(gauge)]. For noocondensing m n
ies the minimm
seüing shall beeither 10 percent or 10psi (ïOLpa) above
maximnm exhaust steam pftssuR, Whichever is greater.
NEMA standard 6-21-1979.
A sentinci warning vaive is not recoaimended for the
following applications:
-a i n e s which utmd volatile gase^
locatiais where the discbarge of steam to the am+
sphaeisobjcctionable,hamdousorpmhibkdbyhw
2.2.16 H a n d W 0 ( S ) - Mbineswhicbareanangedforauiomaticworunat-
A hand vaive@) is the valve which isalates steam flow mdedstart-up
to a gmup afnozzle(s) to pennit e&cient apetriton at hir these applicaliom, an alteniate wanimg device œ
redmtdpowerawithdualsteamconditionsHaudvalvalves optionaitrip device is iecommended.
can be either manuaily condied or arbomated and are Authorued Enginwing Information 1-91.
used on singie valve turòines oniy.
NEMA SiaKliUd6-21-1979. 2.222 s o w w s )
A soleplate(s) is a machined fiat steel piate(s) or cast-
2217 PmtecthreDeVice ing(~)for mounting of the equipment supports and far
Apotective device is one which, alone oras p?* Qf a biting and grouting to the foundatiar.
sy9iem,respondsinsomepredetemiinedmannerto,~sor- NEMAStandard 11-13-1689.
malconditionsaoendllig theopewtion ofthe unitorsys-
tem towhichit is connected. 2.223 ûmapiate
NEMA Standard6-21-1979. Abaseplate is a fabricated of cast continuwsstructure
havingmachinedpads for mountingof the equipment and
for bolting and grouting to the foundation.
NEMASQndard 11-13-lQ69.
S T D -NEMA Sfl 23-ENGL m 6470247 05243ûq 266
2.3 FEATURESANDACCESSORIES 9. Insulation for the high tempemm section of tht

Wine to limit exposed siirfaoe temperatme to
16pF (74OC) or other tempemture specified by the
.-P
10. Steampresswegaugestoindi~inletsteam,~
ring, nrststage,dexhauststenimpressure.
11. Coupling between the turóine and driven machine
(normaiiy fumhhed by the m8nufacturea of the
dnven equipment).
12. coiipling guard SuppOIted frwi tbe baseglate oc
adjacent bealing housmg(s). Tbe couplmg guard
shouldbecasilyremovableandbe~ientlyrigid
to withsiand deflection and plevent rubbing as a
resuuofnaïmalt!odilycaitsctbypersonnel.Wbco
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
continuauslylubaicatedcouplragsare~the
coupiing guard œ housing should be fitted so that
oil leaks will bepmted.
13. GlandleakageevacUatingappIiratuswhendiegland
casngdesignrequiresitsuse.
14. Tachometer of the vibaatuig mai, machanical,‘ a r
e~type;iodicatiagspeedsfroniabovethcûip
speed to M o w the minimum aperatiag speed. Th-
chometers shall be suitaóle for the specifmed eavi-
Ionment.
15. Supemhry instniments to monitor such as vibra-
tion, axial shaft movement,tempemtms, etc.
16. Shaftgroundingdevicetocarrytogromdanysíatic
charge which might be developed on the hirane
romandwhichmayotherwisebuildtoLevelswhich
ddâamageturbhcbearings.
17. Rotor turning gear togeUier with driving maus,
engagement and äisengagementfeaiures, and lube
oil pressure interlocks to permit slow turning of the
mtorsystemonstatt-upandsbutdown.
..
18. AlbusSm trip valve which provides a means far
quick and positive shutoíf of admjssion stcam f a
emegencY tnppuig.
19. Nonretuni valve(s) for blocking ihe revme flow of
steamfkom~intotheturbmethrough~
orextractioaopenings.
20. Redmiantoverspeedtrip.
21. Exhaustreliefvalveornrptriredisctopre~over
piessrning of the exhaust end section (see Sectim
8.7).
22. Vacuumbreakertoadmitairiatotheexhau9tam
nections d a condensing turbiue in cmk to reduce
coastdowntime.
Additbd items may be availsble.
Authorized E n g i i t q ~
infamaiion 1-1.
2 s ControlledEXttadknandmled
krdudknmrblnes
Conwlleü exmaion, ccmtrolled indoction, and um-
mlled induction exmction turb8nes &ail include basic
SM 23-1991
page 7
features W i n items 1 thrwgh 6ofU.1, together Witti 242 speed

those lisied in 23.3.1 through 23.3.4.
2.4.2.1 RATED SPW
2.33.1 Controlled extraction turbhm shall bave apre+ Ratcdspeedisthespeedcanesponduig * toratedpowa.
8utt regdath8 SySteB for mtroiiing mt p s s m of the It is measiaed at the output shaft of the turbíw, is ex-
extracted ste9m by regulaiing the fbwof steam to the pressed in rievdutioas per minute, and is quai to M less
turbine stages fallowing the extracth opening(s). Anon- than m8ximm~ u o u speed. s
return valve br the extraction apallng(s), which is also NEMA standprd 6-21-1979.
actpated by the ovaspetd tip system. is nquind far
2.4.2.2 W u u Com~uous SPEED
installationintheexoactimsteamline(s).
Maxm i um conhinuous speed is the highest specifiad
2.3.3.2 controlled mduction turbines Shan imve apes- speed at whicb a turbine can be operatcd continwusly
me regdating sysrem for cantrolling tticpm5urcof the pwidedproperovaspeed~goverwr- - a r e
imjucth steam toregulate t h e b w ofsteam tothe turbine iastalledand operatianal.
-
NEMA- 621-1979.
stagesfoiìowingthein&ctionopening.Atripvaivewbi&
isalsoactuatedby theoverspeedmpsystemisnquired 2 ~ 3NomralPower,SpeedandSteam
. intheinductionsttamk.
fnrinstallaaon corabns
NEMA- 190-1991.
hJ- power, and m
cooditionsaretbost
233.3 Dependmg on the source of induction steam, the caiditionsfwadmd~aadatwbichrhesteam
usashould consider the need for a steam ssainer in t i i s ratcwillbeguafan~
h e to protect the loweapressure stages of me turbine. NEMA- 6-21-1979.
AumaiEed Engineering Infornietion 11-14-1985.
U A Sî~Conditlons
2.3.3.4 Controlled extraction turbines and controlledin-
duction turbines shall have a multivariablemiml system 2.4.4.1 WNuW STW C û t d m
which provibes interconnectiOn Mn i um steam ~ t i ~ a thelowest
im r e inlet stcam
die pressiut rCg- pressure and tempemm and lowestexhaustprcssm to
uiatingsystemaadthespeedgovemingsystem.
which theturbineissubjectedincontinuwSopaatiOa.
2.335 conarouedinductim ~rtractioatrabinesshall in- NEMA stadard 6-21-1979.
chdethecombinationofthefcxegoingitems. 2.4.4.2 M A # ~ ~ ~ ~ T E A ~ ~ ~ N ~ T K I N ~
NEMA- 11-14-1085.
Maximum steam CDnditiOIls am thehighest inlet steam
23A ~ ~ E x t r a c t b n T i a M n e r pitssrrre and imperature and exhausspIesllm to Whicb
Nonccmmiiedextnictionturbinessballincludetbbasc the tiirbmeis subjectedincaltinuousopaation.
NEMA- 621-1979.
feaaacsiistedinitemsl througIi60f2~.1,togctfrtr~ith
mwisecmnvatve(s)far theextractionopening(s). 'he quan- 2.4.4.3 Wuuu E N m v Smw
tity and lomion of nomearni valves are tobedetermhl MïniInm~geamconditi.Mlsiuetbe~inltt
bythetrirbincman~basedonentrappedaiergy steam presswe and t e m m and the highest CxImust
~redimdaacypolicy. pmsm at which the turbine is requucd to produœ a
NEMAStandard 130-1991.
specinedpower~speed
2.3.5 N ~ l l e d k i $ u á k n n i i b l I l @ S 2.4.4.4 hLET STEAM PRESSüRE
NoaiconmIIedinduction turbines shaü inchidethe basic uiietsteampressiireis the pressureof the steam supplied
feahaeslistBdinit«nS1 tl1rough6of23.1,togetheswirb t o t k tUrbii.Jtis m«wredat the $tcf3minlet conncctim
a trip vaive@)for the induction opening(s). of the airbine and is e x m a s a gauge piessure.
NEMA- 11-14-1985. NEMAStandard6-21-1979.
2.4 TURBINE RATING 2.4A.5 EXHAUST STEAM PRESSURE
Exhaust steam pressure is the pressure of the steam
2A.i Power system to which the turbine exhausts. It is measured at the
Rated power is the maximum specifiedpower output of exhaust connection of the turbine and is expressed as a
the~ine.Itismeasuredattheoutpitshaftofthearrbine. gauge pressure far- n ' airbineSandasanab-
NEMA Standard 6-21-1979. solute pressrrre for condensing tuhines.
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
STD.NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1971 D b470247 0524311 9L4
2.4.4.6 ExtRAcT#))JSTEAM PRESSURE 2.4.4.13 DUAL Srrrun CûNMl"S

Extraction steam pmsm is the pressine of the steam Dual steam conditiansare two ofmmcombin8tons of
extractedfrom the turbine. it is measuredat theextraction iniet steam pressme, inlet steam tempenitine, or exhaust
wnnecticm of the turbine, and is expressedas a gauge -pressure.
P===
NEMA-6-21-1979.
2.4.4.14 VARIAl"S IN STEAM CCXJüITlONS
2.4.4.7 hwCnON STEAM PRESSURE The Iatíng, capability, steam flow, speed re-, and
Inductionsteam~isthepIessureofthesecoadary pressme control shall be basedon operation at maximum
steam supplied to the Wine.it is measureâatthe induc- stcam unuütions as defined m 2.4.42.
tionconnectian of thetrirbineandis expressedasagauge Steam Mbiaes shall be capable of operating under the
p#rsiae. followingvariatioasininletpressureandm~but
NEMASEandaid6-21-1979. p e ? f ~ s h a l l n o t n e c e s s a r* yi lbem accardance with
thestandaadsestab~foroperatmgatmaximumsteam
2.4.4.8 INLET STEAM TEMPERATURE conditions.continuousopetatiaiatotherthanmaximum
Inlet steam tempeniture is the total teIn- of the steam conditioI1s shaü require review by the turbiw man-
steam supplied to the turbine. It is nreasiiredat thesteam ufacturer.
inletcmnectionoftheturbineandisex~inde~ NEMAStandard6-21-1979.
Fatireobeit~indegrces CeW.
NEMAStandard6-21-1979. 2.4.4.14.1 VARUTKJNS FROU hhXUuUINLET STEAM
PRESSURE
2.4.4.9 EXHAUST STEAM TEMPERATURE
luhapststeam temperameis the totai t e m m of the The turbine shali be capable of operating without dam-
steam cxhartpted from the tinrbine. It is r n d at the ageat less than the guaranteedsteam flow tothe Mbine
cxhailst CoMectiOn of the tuxbine and is expresd m with average Wet pressure of 105 percent of maximum
degrees Fahrenheit or in degrees Celsius. idet steam pressure. (This pemisible variation recog-
NEMAStanderd6-21-1979. nizesthe~inpressurewith~insteamflOW
encountered in operahion.)
2.4.4.10 WRACl" STEAM TEMPERATURE The inlet steam pxsure shall average not more than
Exaaction steam temperatureisthetotalteInperatureof maximum pressiire over any 12 month opedug period,
the steam extracteü from the turbine. It is measuredat the Theinlttsteamprwsureshailnotexceed110perccmd
exixmirn connection of the tintiineandis eJtpressedin maximumpressurein maintainingtheseaverages,e;xcept
äegreesFahrenheit or m degrees Celsius. during a b d COilClitioI1S.
NEMASEendaid6-21-1979. During abmnmal cosiditim,the steam paessare at the
244.11 1NDUCTK))II STEAM TENPERATURE
- shallbepermitredtoexdmax-
tiirbineinletconnection
h u m pressure briefly by as much as 2ûpesent, butîhe
Uiductioosteamtempenimreisthetotalm~of aggre@e drnation of such swings beyond 1M percent of
t h e ~ s t e a l n ~ W t o t Itislmasmtd h e ~
maximumpssure shallnotexceed 12hwrsper 12mondi
at the iiiductionconnectimof die turbine and is expressed
in de- Fahrenheitorin Celsius. operatingpenod.
NEMA- 6-21-19m.
NEMASEandaidô-21-1979.
2.4.4.14.2 VARIATIONS FROU WXiNUM INLET STHM
mPERAlURE
Theinietsteamtempeniturestœüaveragenotmorethan
maximum tempexatme over any 12 month operatmg pe
riod.
In maintaining this average, the tempemm shall not
exceedmaximum tempemureby nme than 1fl(8oc)
exceptduringabnnmalcoaditions.Duringabaonnalcoo-
ditions, the tempcratiae shall not exceed maximum tern-
perature by m m dian m ( 1 4 O c ) fwojmathgperiods
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
- ~
~
S T D - N E M A SI 23-ENGL L77L H 6470247 0524312 850
SM 23-1991
page9
-
h2-theenthalpyofsteamatwrhaustsLeam
paeasiiredinitialenaopy.
NEMA s&idard ô-21-197Q.
2.5.1.2 AcniAL STEAM RA-
26.1.2.1 TURBINE -TE
îùrbinesmunrateisthequaatityofrmctsteamnqairad
by the tlirbioe per miit of power outpit, lneasmdattbt
ouiputshaftofthe tmbme. Itisd y-e inpounds
ofsteamperhorstpower-hour(orinkilogremsa€steem
pa kilowatt-hour).
2.51 -2.2 TURBINE GEARSTEAM WlE
Whenagearisprovidedòytheturbineman~,tht
turbine gear steam rate is the quantity of inlet weam
required by the turbine gear set per unit of power outpiit,
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
measured at the output shaft of the! gear. It is &y
STDeNEMA SM 23-ENGL 3993 M b470247 0524333 797
SM 23-1991
Page 10
eqxessed mpoundsof steam pet harsepower-hour (or in intenial taper threads conforming to ANSI/ASME
kil~0fsteampexkilowa#-hour. B 1.20.1-1983.
NEMAStendardô-21-1979. NEMAStandard 11-14-1@8!5.
-
2.5.1.3 GUARANTEED STEAM RATE' 26.3 ArorlllaryConneUtons
Theguarauteed steam rate is thesteam rate which will AuxiliarycotlIlectiomthataredireadedshallconf~to
not be exceeded When the turbine isoperaredat w)rmal ANSVASME B120.1-1983. W y , these are a d e
power, speed. and steam condkions.
NEMAStenderd6-21-1979.
ring prtssure gauge - , drain Co- fat
casingandsteamchest,casingsealingglandsandbeariqg
2.6 TURM"CO"ECTK)NS h~~,cooling~,valve~l~~,and~fforih
NEMA- 11-14-1086.
u 1 o u t p u t s h a f f ~
2.7 LUBRICATKIN
26.1.1 Omput shaft cxtensionS shall be Spatable for a
2.7.1 NûiìpressueTypekibrîcation(Singie
cyimdrical coupling bore and provided with a keyway(&
tapaed ooupling bom with a keyway(s), tapered for a ste(leWW)
hydraulic fít, or ntted with an hie!@coupling hub. 2.7.1.1 OIL LUBRlCATEûSLEEVE BWüNûS
N E M A W 11-14-1985. (tiomzomL~~meB)
2.6.1 2 When a tapered shaft extension with keyway(s) a LU~~WOII Should be prended by oil l h ~Sim-
is speciüed,the taper, wupiing hub, andmupiingnut shaü ilar means.
be in accardancewirb Figure 2-1. NEMA taper diameteSS b. Beating housings should be large enough to peanit
areavailablefarshaflextenshsfrwi2 inches m 5 inches. solidsor water m d e to the bottarn and should
NEMA- 11-14-1985. haw a dtain connection at the lowest point, oil fiil
fittings, and an oil level indicam.
2.6.1.3 if cyhdrical shaft Cxtension is specfied, it is C. . F ~ i l i h f o r c d i nshouldbeprovided~hcn
g ne^-
ncommendedthat the cwpling-to-shaftfit be an inmfer- essary to assure the proper oil temperahrre. nie
ence fit cooling water should be supplied at a temperame
NEMA- 11-14-1985.
not exceeding 90%(32Oc).
26.1.4 When a hydraulic fit coupling is specified,the
2.7.1.2 GREASE
OR OIL LLJBíUCAEû A N i F H C "
mountiug method should be reviewed with the turbine BEAWNGS
lnallllfimmr.
NEMAStandard 11-14-1985. Gmse-lubricated autifriction bearings should be
IIkid. Grease fittings should ex-
regreaseable ~die
2.6.1.5 Recommended use of one and two keys and tendtotheoutsideoftheniachiaetopermitregreas-
keyways is as shown in Tbble 2-1. ingduringopemion.
Authœiæd Enginwring Intomiobon
* 11-14-1986. Means should be provided far venting grease lutNi-
2&2 SteamComecUons cated bearings to pment the buildup of pnssure
within the housing.
'Iiirbmeflangedsteam Connections shallbe facedand Faciütiesforcoolingshouldbeprovidedwbennec-
drilled for bolting to flanges which arem accordancewith essary to assure the proper lubricant tempemme.
ANSUASME B16.1 or B16.5. The cooling water shouid be suppiied at a tempera-
CastiNnlflaagecOM~nsshallbeflatfaced ture not exceeding 909: (32Oc).
The thicknessof cast iron exhaust flanged connections
under 1 0 m c h e s ( 2 s o m m ) i n d ~ b e n o t l e s s m 27.2 Pressum tLpe Oil Lubrlcatiûiì
Class 25û of ANSUASME B 16.1.
Singie vaive single stage hariuwallYsplitcasingan- 2.7.2.1 ~ O D U C T I û N
bines shall have steam cannectionsm the bwexhaifdthe It is recognized that there is awidevariation in turbine
trnbiae. Szesandapplicaths which makes it impracticai to have
connections for making up topipenot0ver2 one recommended lubrication systcm ckign. However,
inches in diametex (So m m nominal diamtter) shall have
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
STD.NEMA SM 2 3 - E N G L 1991 H 6470247 0 5 2 4 3 1 4 623
SM 23-1991
Page 11
the foilowingdiouidservewagenaal design guide tothe total cooling loadandshouidbearrangedandventedf?

oeafur~hisraquirements. maintaining eitha cooler with the Wire in ojmation.
27292 OILPWPS 2.7.2.5 OIL FILTER(S)
Single or twin oil tilters may be used. Afiltafs) shoptd
272.2.1 A main oil pump drive^ from the turbine shaft be capable of nmving panicles iarger than 25 micmns.
ar a seperately driven pump to provi& oil for lubrication When the film is clean, the pmsurc drop sbould not
aadgovemingshouldbepm4de.d. exceed5 Pgi (35 kPa)atdesign t a n m a a d flow. Tiviu
fílters should be piped in paraiicl witha con- fkw
272.2.2 Anauxiliaryoilpumpforuseduringthcstart- transfervalve to permit the transfa of oil fiom 011c filta
u p ? s h p t - Q w n p e M d s h w l d b e ~ w h e n r e q ~ t o t h e o c h a w i t b u' tg~the oil flow. Each nUa
by bic design ? whan qecihd. niiS pump should be should be sized fm the total oil flow end sbaild bc U-
powaedbyadiffemismceofeaagythanthemainoil ranged aad vented for lminmining uthu filtawirh tbe
pimp.AprrssurtsensingdeviceshouMbeprovidedfcx tiirbineinoperation.Acommontrsasfavalvemaybt~
aptomatically sfming the ruailiary oil pump when the oil fortheoilfílteIsaQdcoolas.m?íl~cartridgeshouldbe
pmsmeintbcmainsystemdmpsbebwapredetermined camsion nesisauu. Filter cases should be suitable for
valm opaationatapressurenotlesstbanthcreiidvahn~
For a Mbinedriven auxiliary oil pump, the turbine oftbepmitivedispiacementoilpumpsoratthemaximum
8bOdd d m to all of the @pli* pvisim of diese shut offdischarge pressiire of cenhifugal oil pump.
sltmd&L
2.7.2.6 RPNûAND INSTRWEWTAT"
272.3 OILRESERVOIR
A samate ail ~ ~ S U V O ~should
T have 2.7.2.6.1 Pressure sensitive devices sboahl be prwidad
a forea&prtssurclevel(forwrampie,oiih&tokarings,
discharge 6rom oil pumps, befase and afta fílta(s) and
~ l Means should be pwidad fm BII ai-liee
c ~ n h oil).
a main~asappropriaie.
c. Authorired Engineering Inforniafion ll-lClOBs.
d 2.7.2.6.2 if bearing mctal thenwconples ot #Il)s arc

not pviâcâ, tben thamometers should be povidad for
t. oilwtlet fromcachbesring housing.Tbemiametasmay
be provi&dbefore and after oil d e r @ ) . Thermowells
f. should b e p v i d d in the piping f a t h e m ofthCr-
m e t e r repiacemaitwhile oniine.Tbenmweiasshouki
begaSfilledOrcrnrosion-resistantbimetalliCtypc.
2.7204 oLcoolar(s) AuthorioedEngineeringIn- 11-14-1985.
The oii coola should be capable of maimhhg the
empuame oftbc oil supplied to the bcaringsatamaxi- 2.7.2.6.3 An oil sight flow indicatm wbui spccifiaì
mimi d 120°F (49oc), with a maximum woling water
shouldbe provided m the oil return from each öcaring
tmrpaaaarcmx excealhg 90°F (32OC). It should have a housing where thedesign permis
Authofbd Engineering Infotmaütm 11-14-1985.
~ lthe wataside fopcoaliag towel
f w l i n g f á C ~ o f O .on
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
water anã afouling faaor asncommendcdby the manu- 2.7.2.6.4 A pressiire regulam or relief vaive should be
nicMafarothtrcoolingwate?sources.'Ibemo~sbould providedto maintain the oil pressure level(s).
be suitable fora working pressmeof notkss than 75 psig A u t h o n z e d E n g t n e a r i n*g I ~
11-14-10Bti.
[517 kPa (gauge)] m the w w side.
Singkartwin~kmmaybeused.Eechcoolershould 2.7.2.6.5 Afterfabricafim,pipingshauldbecleanedd
be capable of operatioa at a pressure quai to or peat ter passivated by mechanical an4or chemical means.
tima the nlief valve setting of positive displacement oil Authomed EngVieering I n h i i o n 6-21-1879,
pumps or ofth maxllnum shutoff dischargepressiae of 2.8 PROVISIONS FOR THE ENVIRONhENT
ca~trifugaloil pumps. M coolets should be piped in
paraüciwith acontintmusflow transfervalve topert., ,ithe 2.8.1 Encksure
traas6er of oil from one cooler to the ocher without inter- Steam turbines shouíd pfembly be installed in en-
rupting the oil flow. Each cooler should be sized for the ciosedareas.Thee?Fe!&tsofundseMceconditi~may
S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL 3991 b470247 0524335 5bT m
SM 23-1991
Paga 12
be mi@ted by the use of one or moxe of the measmes 2.û.3 Exposu~toAb110mialAtm0spheric

bescribed in 2.82 and 2.83. oondltkns
Authobd Engineefing Infonnetkn 11-14-1985.
if possible, the turbine should be located away froin
2m E x p o r i u r e t o N a á i f a l ~ damaging fumaand vapars, or abrasive, magnetic ai
metallic dust. If this is not pnictical, the atmospheric
in general, d exposed surfaces should be potected candirioas should be called to the aaention of the manu-
againstrusting by apaotectivecoatiagor paint after instal- factufft. Suitable materialsor protective coatings may be
hion of the unit. Enposed workiqg parts which affect requiredtoansetthecomisiveeffectsofthefumes.When
aperation d the unit such as govexnor, govexnor ïinkage, necessary, purge air connections on bearing housings,
fuiuum pomts, Valve stems.and imilw elements should glaad cases,and govemm should be provided.
b yuseof comwionresis-
b e ~ a g a i a s t ~ g i s t u i g the Auth#ired EnQnWringInfonnaoion 11-14-1s.
tantmatenalS.
Equipment having nonpressure lubricated bearings 2.9 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
sbouldbedcsignedtopvcntîhetnaruiceof *
dust, and fmign mamiais to the governing s

y x 2.9.1 PmssureanâTemperaaireRanges
bearinghai9ngs. Sieam turbines shouidbe designed and proportionedfar
EqpipntnthaMig~l&iCaboihydrauEicgov- operationatmaximumsteamconditions.Genedpressnre
aning systans,or both, shouldbepruwtedasbilowx and tempexatme ranges ¿utsíÍown in Figure 2-2. The
ranges are general, accmding to tempeam&xsure
2.82.1 The lULni- system 09 goveanar system, 09 cambinationsat which pomt material or design changes,
both, should be protected againstthe entrance of water or OrbOth,~~berequired.
foreign materials by proper seaiing devices. The points to Authorlled EngineeringInformation6-21-1978.
- orapeningstotbeoil
beprotectedinchideallcofinectuwis
2.9.2 Vlbratlon
Eale€Voir, goveznor. gBromotor, bearing housings, and
sidarelements.Tbereservoirshouiáóeprovi&xiwirha The vibmion of the turbine rotar (double ampïitude)
ventwithanairñiîerandcarnectionstofacuitsteremovd within thespecifíedoperatingspeedrangeas measuredon
of water. thesprfacedtheshaftadjacenttotheradialbeaaingsshall
be m accadancewith the foilowing:
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
2.8.2.2 In addition to the foregoingprotectivemeasum,

tbe following should be included when ambient ttmpezg- 2.9.2.1 SINGLE STAGETURBINES
trires will be less than 4û?F (4%) The maximum permissible w i o n shaü be not peatex
1. Far use durhg down times,drains sbaild than 2.0 mils for speeds 4ooo rpm and lower, or 1.5 mils
vi&d whe€e water can colkctforallsteam,d, and for speeds 4001 rpm and higher.
waterlines, the turbme casing and steam chest, and NEMAStandard 11-10-1985.
the oil aad water si& of the oil coolex. Pneumatic
"blow down- may benectssary m someiostances. 2.9.2.2 MULTISTAGE TüRBINES
2 Aheater for the ail mservoir.Ifaa electric heater is The maximum permissi'ble vibratian shall be inaccar-
specineditmustbeofawifncicntlylowwaadeasity daace with Figure 2-2. The absolute values for vibrath
topmt coking of lkoilAn auxiliary pump may levels above 3ooo rpm can be derived from the following
be reqiiired to eosure oil CircUlatBon for unitonn formule
1M
-
heating.
3. An enclosure or bood witb venting to cover the
govemùlg system may be provided, and heating
shouklbesuppliedtoprevent icing. The amountand Shaft mechanid and electrid runout sbaii be deter-
type of enclosure and heating wiii be governed by mined by slow rolling the rotor in its bearings while
localconditions. measming the Nwut witb a proximity probe. if it can be
4. Protection against fieeziag for instnuaenBand demaisoatedthatmtcbanid&electncalnmoutis~-
dPi@& ent, this shaü be added to the abwaòle vibration level op
5. m ine manufacturer shouid identay those lines toamaximum 25 peacent of thedioweddoubleampiitude
~resuat-protectionoypa.asa. v i ¡ or 25 mils, whichever is greater.
AuthobdEngineeMgInfomiehon 11-14-1985. NEMAStendard 6-21-1978.
S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL 1771 6470247 05243Lb 4Tb
SM 23-1991
Page 13
not have the specified margins betweem the apaating

speadsand~speeds.ïnthiscasetheturbinedesigna
should Catculanerotor response to unbalance. The prime
caisiderationisseasitivitytom~
Authorired Enghming Inlonnation 6-21-1985.
-
2.9.4 NAMEPUTEDATA
nie following minimum data StlfJu be given on the
tiabiae nameplale:
1. Manufacainr'snameandbcatioa
2 SaialnumW
3.
4. Ratedborsepower
5. Ratedspeed
6. Maximuminletste9mpressure
7. Maximmillletsteamtunpenitiite
8. Maximumexhauststeampressure
9. M a M m u m e x ~ ~ p r t s s u r e ( i f ~
blc)
10. Tripspeed
11. Maximum continuous speed (ifdifímnt fim rated
rg6ed).
12 Fm i lataalcritical speed
13. purchaser's equipmeat item number (when speci-
fied).
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
STD-NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1993 m 6470247 0524337 332 m
ft
+'
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
I CIE
S T D - N E M A S U 23-ENGL 1991 6470247 0524318 2 7 9
SM 23-1991
Page 15
RPM. THOUSANDS
Figure 2-2
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE SHAFT VIBRATION
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
SM 23-1991
Page 16
Table 2-1
RECOMMENDED KEY FITS
(up to & including) 1-50 40

2 50
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
250 65
3 75
350 90
4 100
450 115
5 125
550 140
6 150
650 165
7 180
7.50 190
8 rn
9 230
10 w)
Twokeys may be used in any c89e.
Table 24
GENERAL PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE RANGES
S T D I N E M A SU 2 3 - E N G L 199L b 4 7 0 2 4 7 0524320 927
SM 23-1991
Page 17
steam 00 cnmthe turbine. nie pilotvaivecoatroistbc flow

of highpnssme fluid to the power cylink. This flow d
highpressmfluidcausesthepistonmthepowcrcyinda
to move in rcspaise to the signai h m thegovanœar
conQo1mechasiism.
NEMA- 612-1986.
81.6 Extemalcontrol-'
Extanal calm1 devices shall be me of thne Eypcs
deaibedbebw:
3.1.6.1 SPEED CHANGER TYPE
-mchangatypeis- dirtcts,iaDothe
governing system which in hun positions the g o m a r
coatrolled vaivt(s). The govenoat shall be !Aaxcd to
providethe9pecinedadjustaöiespecúrange.
3.1.6.2 ReuOlESET Popsr TYPE
?be remote set poiat type is mcorparated dinxtly mio
thegovanmgsystemwhichinmposi~tbegovam
ancudfd valvc(S). Tbc gwawr shall be 8ekctcd to
provide the specincd adjustableranges fœ aîi watroiüng
patameta9
3.14 3 VALVE ACTlJAlWû TYPE
Tbe valveacluating typeissepame h n l ttlegovanœ.
'ïñe extaaal signai acts to positiaa e i t k tbe gmaacr
coamiied valve@) or a separate liac mounted valve In
thiscase.tbe govemxacts oniy asa speeâhiting @e
emergeacy)goveniar.
NEMA- 11-14-1985.
3.1.7 speed changer

Thespeed changa is a device fwcbging the setting
0fthegoverningsy~withinthe~ifiedspeedrange
while the turbineis in aperation.
NEhkStrvidard 6-12-1885.
3.2 SPEU) GOVERNING SYSTEM

CLASSIFICATION
SpeedgoYeaningsystemSs h a l l b e c ~ a s s h o w n m
Tablt 3-1.
NEMA standatd 6-12-1985.
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
STD.NEMA S N 23-ENGL 3993 m b470247 0524324 8 6 3 m
SM 23-1991
Page 18 --
TWb 3-1 (SeeFigure3-1for agraphic repmentationof speed rise

SPEED GOVERNING SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION charactexisticsof a Class D govenior.)
32.3 speedvariation
Speed variaiion, expressed as a percentage of rated
speed, is the total magnitude of speed change or fluctua-
tions h m the speed setting unäer the steady state cadi-
tiom given in 33.4. 'Lhe speed change is dehedas the
A 10 0.75 13* difíemœ m speed variation between the governiag sys-
B 6 0.50 7* tem in Operation and the goveZnmg system biocked tobe
inoperative,withalloiherconditionswnstant,Sjmdvari-
C 4 0.25 7* &an includes dead band and sustained osciiiati~
D 0.50 O Z 7* Speed variation (+ a)=
~ ~~~~ ~~
* niese Maximum speed Rise Percent values can be

achievedunderthef~wi43conditians:
a Govemor system is adjustedfop maximum sensitiv- 2xratedspeed
ity. (See Figure 3-2 for graphic npresenratiai of speed
b. Rotational inertia of the equipment is relatively variation charactaisticsof a Class D governor.)
iargeforthepowerrating.
c. Steam mditionsproduce a relatively low theoreti- 3.23 DEADBAND
calsteamrate. Deadband is the totaimagnia>dtofthechange in steady
Agowrnor system in seMce which meets ali the foliow- state speed within which thereis no &ring measiirable
ingwnd.itionsshallbecapableofiimiîingspeedtoprevent change in the position of the governor conmilexivaive@).
overspeed trip when load is suddedy reduced from rateú It is a measure of the speed gweming system insensitivity
to zero: and is expressed in percent of xated speed
a nie driven machine is synchronous perator.
b. Thegovernorsystemisoperatinginamodeinwhich 9.232 SrMiUn
it m á s to demand for electrical power. Sîabiíity is theability of the speedgoveming system to
c. niesteamturbinehasaninletpressureofatleast position the goveniar conmlied valve@) so that a sus-
150 psig i1035 kPa (gauge)]. tained osciliath of sped or of enezgy input to theturbine
d. Tbsteamturbineexîmuastoaccm&~. isnotproducedbythespeedgovemingsystemchniag
operation under sustaid load demand or following a
-Range change to a new sustainedload demand.
Speed range, expressed as a percentage of rated speed, 324 Speed Regulation, steady State
is the specined range of opeming speedsbeiow or above
rated ,$xx!d, or both, for which the governor shall be Speed regdation, expnxsed as a percentage of rated
d j d e when the tucbh is Operatmg nnder the control speed,is the change in gli5t8ined speed when thepower
of~~goveanor. output of the turbine is gradually changed fmn rated
NEMAStanclard6-12-1985. power oulput to zen, power outpit mider the following
steady state conditions:
3.22 8bximunSpeedRlse 1. when the steam mditiom (inlet inlet
The maxjrnum speed rise expressedasa percentage of tem- and exhaust pressrire) 8Ic set at rated
ratedspeed,isthemaximummomentaryincxeaseinspeed valuesandheidconstant
which is obtaineü when the turbine is dcveiopmg rated 2. When the speed changer is adjusted to give rated
power output atnited speed and the bad is suddenly and speed with rated power OUlpUL
unnpletelyreducedtozeao. 3. When any exteanai conmldeviœisrenderedinop-
Maximum speed rise (%) = erative and blocked in the open positfon so as to
offexnoresaictionstothefreefiowof steam tothe
goveanar controlled valve(s).
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
S T D - N E M A SI 23-ENGL L99L b470247 0524322 7 T T
SM 23-1991
Page 19
107%
100.0%
i
I
I
I
w
a
w
O
I
tß
I
1
I
I
I
I
O
LOU) '
J
100%
Figure 3-1
SPEU) RISE NEMA CLASS D GOVERNOR
259
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure 3-2
SPEED VARIATION NEMA CLASS D GOVERNOR
STD.NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1991 m b470247 0524323 6 3 6 =
SM 23-1991
Page 20
O
LOAD
I
1oOY
flgure3-3 ’
STEADY STATE SPEED REGULATION NEMA

CLASS D GOVERNOR
3.3.5 PmssunChanger
Thepressurechangerisadevicebymeansofwûichthe
setting of the pressure regdating system maybe changed
for the piirpose of aajusting the p m s m of the exhaust
staun or ofthe extraction or mduction steam whiie the
turbme is m @on.
3.3.6 SteaiyStatePressureRegulation
Far controlid extraction or conmiled induction type
turbines,the steady stare ~ ~ g u l a t i O n i s t h e C h a n g e
in sustained extraction or induction pressure when, with
identicalsettingsofall parrs of thespeedgoverningsysttm
and of the presswe reguiating system(s), the exmxtmn ‘ a
iaductian flow is gradually changed from rated flow Io
zero flow.
Fornoncondensmg’ turbioesprovidedwithexhauscpres-
sureregdatas,the steady s r a t e p r e s s u r e r e ~is the
change in sustained exhaustpmsurewhen. with identical
seüings of ail parts of the speed govemiag system and
through tbe action ofthe p r t s m r r e m , the powa
outputofthesteamtucbineispduaüyreduced6romrateú
power output to zero power outpit.
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
STD-NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1991 b 4 7 0 2 4 7 0524324 5 7 2 M
SM 23-1991
Page 21
3.3.6.1 PRESSURE REGULA^ 3.4 COMPENSATED CONTROLSYSTEM

Rcssueregulationiscoasideredpositivewhcnprtssure Acompcrisatedcontral system is one which is proviâd
iacreaseswith decrease in steani flow. with intaconneciions between its conml mechanisms so
NEMASEandard6-12-1985.
that the action dthe speed governar or of the pressure
3.3.7 Stablltty qdator(s) also directly actuates the Othet control mech-
anism.
Stabiîity is the capabiiity of the pessure regulating NEMASEandaid6-21-1979.
system(s) to position the pressurt controlled vaIve(s) so
that sustained oscillationsof the coaadled pressrno(s) ar 3.5 ELEC”K= GOVERNING SVSTEM
theeaxzgy~puttothesteamturbincarenotproducedby
the pressrire regulating SY-m drnmg m m undfx 3.5.1 BaslcFeatures
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
mstaimîfiow demands or fauowing achange to another An electronicgovanhg system shaüincludethe foilow-
value of sustained flow dtmand. ingbasiccompooeprs:
For Ihe pirpose of this standad ~ ~ i l . l a t i1 Sensorswhichmeasureanoperat8igparamctaof
~
~bY~pressureregulatiagsysteniOf- the turbineai system, andpoduce
pressurtar of encrgy inpt are definedas the dinaence electricsipah.
b c t w c c n t h o s e e ~ w i t h t h e p r e s 9 u r e r e ~ s y s t e m 2 Agovamx which compares -(s) fnw dic sea-
in semicc and thme existing with thepressrinregularing gor(s) witb the seiectcd set point(s) and padeces a
system blocked or inaperstve. Qgnal(s)fobthevalveactuator(s)tomaintainsystem
NEW-6-12-1985. Parametebs-
3. An actuam@)whicb positions the valve(s) directly
338 Pressum~rolperformanee or though a a m l nucbamm * inIespsetoh
A Class D goveniOringsystem (see 3.2) shall exhibit the gov=SiEm.
following characteristics when u t i h ú in a com- one or mon of followingparameters shallbecxxumlld
conml system: bythegovemingsystem:
w . 1 changeinsuseainedspeedshallbe196maximum
a. speed
b. Eachinduction/exaaction~
for any sustamed change in flowwithin limits of 5%and c. othersforspecificapplicatiom.
95%of maximum inductionorexmuionfbw guaranteed NEMASE8ndard 11-14-1985.
forthatload.
NEMA- 11-14-1985. 332-
3.3.8.2 Steady state plessare regdation shall be 0.5 psi The following are accessories which may be selected,
(35kpa) maximmor496 of ratedexbaust, extrauion.n aependingonratingaod~
indmion plesule wtpressed m psig oc kPa (absolue); u . 1 CONTROLP~ES
whichever is larger. Asignal selectmmay be incorporated intbegOVUIIOrt0
N E W S U d d 11-14-1985.
-
aüowthegovenwrrtoreceivesignalsfromse.veralscnsus
3.3.8.3 sustained 0Scillat.i~of canttolled pressure, and tochoose the signal, which wiii result in thc piopa
~ demaad op foiiowing a
wiien aprating at C O I I S E B ~flow valveopening.
change to another canstant flow, Shan notcxcetdoa psi Any param
. m . may be primary which the governing
(1.7 kPa) ar 2% of thecon~fledpnsnireexptssedin psi Sy- as constant during IK)iTmBI operation.
ob kPa (absolute); whichever is larger. Any panunetex could be secondary which is i g n d as
NEMA- 11-14-1985. lcQgasitisbelow the preset value.
334.4 s ~ o s c i l l a t i ~ o f e i a e r g y i n p u ~ w h e n o p3.599 CONTROLOF INDUCTION OR E X T R A m
&gatconstant flow demand or foilowing achange to The governor may be designed to control the low pres-
a n o r h e r ~ t f i o w , s h a U n o t e ~ 4ofratedpcwer.
% surevahrt(s) daninductim urextlxtion mine in con-
junctian wiíh the high pressure nive(~).in this case,the
338.5 The range of adjustment for ptsmre change(s) governar wnmls the flow to maintain the steam pressure
shaü pennit adjustment of exhaust, extraction, or iaduc- at each controlled extraction or induction opening while
tion pressure betweem f5 p i g (35 kPa) M f10% of the simuuaneously controlling speed when necessary for the
coamlled pressure expressed in psi or kFa (absolute); appiication.
whichever is iarger.
NEMA- 11-14-1û8!j.
S T D m N E M A SM 23-ENGL L991 6470247 0524325 409
Agoveniar with h i s capability incorporatesfeatUtes to theirassociafedWiringshouldbepro~fmnheat,weat

adjustaii the ccmtroiied valves in mponse to a change in and induced signais Local codes and area classif-
any controlled parameters. should be con-
NEMAStandard 1-1-1991. Whenmi~basedturbinecontrolsystemsIrre
provided which interface with plant distributed control
systems, there may be some overlap of control loops and
3.5.23 MISSHG SIGNAL DRECllONFEAtLIRE confusionregardinginpuWoutputs.in these cases the pni
nie missing signai &tecrion feature monitors all input chaser and the vendor should mutually agree upon scapt
signahandaetaminesifthey are in the cmect range. Any and responsibility spiiL Extemal selpointscan come íknn
signai that is out of range shwld cause immediate action the piant DCS but the turbine control loop should be
by the electmiic govexnor to enSure safe operation of the suppiieü by the Wine manufacturer.
tmbine,and should cause an alami indication. A typid eiec&onic governor schematic is shown m
Figure 34.
3.52.4 SENSOAREDUNDANCV NEMAStandard 1-30-1991.
8.5.2.5 OVU1SPEEDTmP 3.6 AUTOMATIC START CONTROLS

nie overspeed trip feature in the governor can be pro- Automatic start controls are avaiiabie for turbine and
vided in addition to the primary trip. driven machine. nie Wine manufacturer should te m-
suited for recommendedequipment and pnicediires
3.5.26 other demonic governor accessories m a y be Auaionred~neeringInfonnabon
* 6-12-1mS.
available.
3.5.3 GENERAL
Caw shouid be talren in each installation to provide for
adequate wiring. in addition, elecmnic governors and
INPUTS
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure 3 4
ELECTRONIC GOVERNOR FOR PUMP OR COMPRESSOR CONTROL
SM 23-1991
Page 23
Section 4
PROTECTION
4 1 BASICFEATURES 41.6 Comblned mp and mmle mive

Thefollowmgfeaturesandaccessoriesarenecessaryfar Thecambineatrip,and throttle valve is separate fmm the
the proper functioning of equipment and safety of opera- govelnor controlled valve@) and is closed (tripped) m
tion: response to the action of the overspeed sensing &vicc,
other safety &vices or manuai trip device. ?his vaive
11.1 Ananugill@ pennits manual ttirottling of steam to the turbine.
Each turbine shall be pvided with amanual tripping NEMA standard 6-21-1978.
device to ciose h û i p valve or hip and throttic valve.
NEMASEandard612-1985. 4.197 overspeed m h g
The tnp speedseauigsshowninTable4-1shall be above
4.12 ~ M p s y s t e m the speedreacbeddue to the maximum speedrisecharac-
Theoverspeedtrip system shall besparkpioofandshall Eeristic of the govetning system to avoid tripping the
include the overspeed sensing &vice, linkage. and a (rip turbine on sudden loss of load.
valveora combined trip and bottle valve sepatate from NEMA Standd 6-12-1985.
when design or application of driven equipment re-
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
the spceü governor conmiled valve@).
NEMA- 11-14-1985. quires trip speeds other than thoseshown in Thble4-1, the
trip speed should be specified.
A13 overspeedsensingDevlce Authohcl Engineering Infomiation6-21-1979.
The ovaspeed smsing device mc1Udes those elements
which are direcily responsive to speed and which initiate Table 4-1
TRIP SPEED SEmNGS
action to close the trip valve at apmkammd -speed
NEMA standard 621-1979.
41A mspeed
Tbt trip speed is the speed at which the overspeed A 115
ansing device is set
NEMAStandard6-21-1979. B 110
41.5 TñpVahre
C 110
"be hip vaive is separate from the goveanor conmiied D 110
vaive@)and isclosed (tripped) in responseto the action of
theoverspbedscnsingdcvice,othasaf~&~orman- *An vrluaueinpe<rmidmuiminiiContinLKnM Ipœd.
UaiIripdeVice.
NEMA- 6-21-1079.
~ ~
S T D - N E M A SM 2 3 - E N G L 1991 W b 4 7 0 2 4 7 052i1327 281
Sectlon 5
FACTORY TESTING
S.1 TURBiNE 1. Qiecknerieraloperatioa

6.1.1
1.
~ ~ i e x b a u s t ~ ~ h s t e a r n
or hydro testcd at a minimum of25 pi [172 kPa
0 1 .
NEMA- 11-14-1085.
2 Wa!exj&~ts, coils, or d e m shall be hyärottsted

to 1.5 times thespecifiedcooluigwaœr~,but
notkman115psip93kPa(gauge)].
NEMA SkldWd 6-21-1979.
3. pressirre(s) shall be maintained for a m of 15
millUteS.TbeteStShallbeamsidaed~
when no extemai leaLsfrom îbe item under test are
observed,
NEMA SEandard 6-21-1879.
5.12 No Lond Running Test
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- ~~
S T D * N E M A SM 23-ENGL 199L I
I 6470247 0524328 IL6 H
SM 23-1991
Page 27
Sedon 6
SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS
occurring atratedpowerandspeedandmaximum steam

amditions, are shown m ïàble 6.1.
TaMe 6-í
Sound Pressure Levels
45-90 63 98 106
90-180 125 94 98
1-355 250 91 97
355-710 500 89 92
710-1400 lo00 89 90
1400-2800 2Ooo 89 90
2800-5600 4OOo 89 90
MoO-llu10 8Ooo 89 90
OVeralldBA ... 93 95
For arrbmemoimtedon asteeibasepiate.abdonea&ii-
tioaaidecibeltotabul8tcdval~.
Actnai swnd pre9sure levels may not equaî maximum
t a b w valm for all fíequewy bands. o v d dBAis*
therefore*less than the sum of individual values.
Authorized Engiuieenng Infwmation&21-1979.
6.3 SOUND PRESSURE LEVU MEASUREMENT

PROCEDURE
Sound presswe levels shall be measiindin accordrmce
with Ameaican N a t i d Standard S5.1. Section 7.0, as it
i!Japplicable,Eammamd* asfallows:
Acoilstical penamanCe is based on a sound prtssure
level which is &pendent on acoustical c b & x i s t k s of
the space m which the unit operam. AU m d soumi
levels are assumed to be in k ! d s p k- d netfleldar
semi-revaberant field which has r00m m t iarge
empgh so as to not significantiy ef?eztm ä pressum
levebatîhcmeasiiriagpoint.
A six decibel drop off in SOWICI pressure levei per dis-
tance douòling in each octave band of inmesr, as the
microphoaeismoved~eachmeasurementlocationm
aii direaionSamundthe machine.regardlessof distanCC,
indicates approximate free fieid conditjolls.Corrections
must be made f?environment whea the drop Onis less
than su decibels.
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SM 23-1991
page 28
All ¡3Ound--readings shallbercaorded as sound find the noise output of one particular sou~cein a noisy
pressme p s in decibels at refereace pressure of two
l envimment. However, noise measurements cannot be
times 10' Newton per square meter. addedmsubsracted directly. Rather,measuremauscaube
Ausoraid~readingsshallbemadewitbanoctave canbined wirb a coirection number.The CQzeCtioll num-
baad meter set for slow respanserecordingvisualaverage bers obtained from * i 6-1 and 6-2 areappoximate.
of maclings. However, the graphic results are East and sufficiently ac-
F l d g m i s e le* equal to arhigkdian plus oc curareformosteagineaiagapplications.
minus 2dBAovetall shall be murded. The currection numbex is based on the dif6erence m
'Lbe~shallbeprottctednomexternaldis- -
amplitude of two sormds whether the sounds ale beiqg
tmbing mfluences (vibnitian,aircunents,alldelec~of addedoi~btracted.Wh~sonnds~~tbe~-
magnetic fields) which may affectreadings. rion number is added to the higherlevel Far example, 80
Miaophoae locations shall be approximately,but not
less than, aae meter from any sound sotme being mea- SUBTRACTING BACKGROUND NOISE
d a n d a t a heigbt 1.5 meters above the fioor. Care shall
be talrcn to avoid a poBitiai at the nodal point of standing
wave. (hie set ofreadingsskould bed that is requaedif
tbemicrophoneissopositioaed.~seotenceis~-
izedEnghe&gW¿xmation.)ThcpaBitionofthemicm
phane fmmeesirringkkgmundambient sound and total
swndshanbeidentical.
NEMASEendard6-21-1979.
ô.4 CORRECTION FOR BACKGRWND NûlSE

rvm!memats oftiirbiae sound plesSun levels should
be WHWWI far ambient baclrgtouadm d press~relev-
els. Levels at each iocatim should exceed background
levels by at least tea decibels in each octave band If the
dinereaceùetweenmeasuredsoundîevelandbacirground
soundkvelislessthanthree&cibelsingivenoctave-nd, 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
vatid eq- sound level in that bad cannotbe deter- DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TOTAL SOUND
mineb.when thc m-is -, t w a ~ ~ - AND BACKGROUND NOISE (dB)
rection factor should be subtmcw fnwn the measured
sound levek Figure bl
Decibeloorrection~= CORRECTION FOR BACKGROUND NOISE
and 86 decibel sound levels diffa in amplitude by six

-33 4-5
2
6 - 2 loandover
1 O
decibels.a dinerencethat yieiäsacxmctm
Thus,totai sound level is 87 deciLòels.
frwn F-6-1.
* mlmkofl
when~noiseissubtractedbromtiretotal
cori9ideratonshould~begiiventoef6ectsof~ somid lcvek the Lxmwtmn ' numóerissubtractedals0.k
msonnd somes, such as piping anddrivenequipment, example, a 90 decibel backgod noise and a 97 dezibel
w e a m l ~ o r ~ e f m n v a i v e s a n d p i p i n gHow-
. total sound level difíer m amplitude by seven decibels, a
ever, swndlevels from these somcesmay be 80 clase to dif€- that yields acmectum numberoflfr0nif;igUr
leveis from the turbine that a meaninghil meatmment 6-2'Thnsthem~levelwithout theba&gmmd noiseis
will be difncnlt or impossible unless s&ep are taken to %decibels.
isdatedietnrbine. Itmaybepossibletoaccomplishchis Authomed E n g i i w Informatian 6-21-1979.
by inanlnting all Piping, using acoustic barners as appw 6.6 INSTRUMENTS
pllate, and cowring some sound sources with lead blau-
kets. Sound pressure levels should be measundby meam of
Aumorired E n g M n g Infamalion6-21-1979. a sound level meter which meets the requkments of
American Naticmal Standard S1.4.
6.5 SWNûRESOLUTION Afull-octave&andsoundanalyzex,rneetingtherequire-
Ikromeasuremeatsoftenmustbeaddedtodeîerminethe men& of Ameriwn Nationai Standard 51.11, should be
cunbined mise level of s e v d sources or wibtracted to USed~conjimctionWiththesoumdlevel~teatOmeaSme
SoUd
S T D - N E M A Sfl 23-ENGL 1991 6470247 0524330 87b
ADDING TWO SOUNDS
SM 23-1991
Page 29
Insfmments, including microphones, should receive an

acoustic check an overaU calibration before and after
every swnd pressure level test.
Authorired Engineering Information621-1979.
6.7 SOUND AmNUATION

It is recommended that acoustic81 treatmentfor turbines
and similar machinery be applied after instailation of the
equipment and ensuing piant operation. Facm which
&ea sound levels are many and varied and may not be
associated as closely with the machinery itself as with
steam velocities in piping and other sound sources.
After instailation and operaton has commenced, an
ovexall piant sound levei can be establishedand corrective
measures Ealren to isolate the major sound producing por-
tions of the process.
Authorized Engineering information6-21-1979.
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOUNDS (dB)
Flgure 6 2
SMIND RESûLUI"
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SM 23-1991
Page 31
Section 7
PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT AND STORAGE
7.1 SHPPING PREPARATION The purchaser should advise the mandacturer of thc
nit turbine and ail scparate parts shall be properly unladmg facilities available and whether skids will be
taggodandidentified newsaryformllinglargeassemblìesintopoStion.
Authonred Engineering Infarmath 11-14-1985.
At ttit timeof shipment,aiieqoscdnonmachinedsur-
faces shall be protected widl OpLe coiitof shop paintaad 7.3 RECEIPT AND STMIAGE OF EQUIPMENT
coatingorcovaiagorboth Aiiexpastdmachincdsur-
k c s a n d oiiIiaparvoH.iateriorsshall be protected with a Upon receipt,the purchaser should check ail equipment
nist pvenmtive. All ojmlìngs shall be jllugged oc cov-
for darnagt which may have o c c d in transit. Any
aad. llleinteIioroftheártbineshallbesaitablytFeaud damageorshortagcsshouidbereportedimmediatelytothe
toprcvcntnist tninsportatioacompanyandacopyofthereport-
Ocean freight or extended storage shall require aãdi- tothemanufactuta.
tiooal protectionand packaging. AH material should be checked against the manu-
NEMASEandard 11-14-1885. fsctraer’s packiug liss and my discrepancies repoml
Theppamionassumesthas~ewillbesoarrangd immediately to themanufácturer.
tbattheequipncntwillbeprotectedagainstloss,~on The equipment should at aü times be storedin a clean,
andwtathadamage. noncorrosive atmosphere and protected against loss,
. 11-14-1985.
ki(h0rlled Engineering Infomiawn weather,damage,and fareig0 materialssuch as dust, sand,
. indoor starage where constant ternpawe
a d so. forth
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7.2 SHIPMENT ismauitained at a levei which wiil p v m t condcz1sBtiQ1

The purchaser*since he has the most wmpîete knowl- is preferred. The purchaser should seek the manu-
edge of local conditions,should specify the delivery point facturer’s advice if storage conditions are other than thc
rind provide infamiadon on the method of handtingtothe above.
pointddelivery. Specialattention and cureshouldbe given to thesmage
Thcmanufacairashouîduseshippmgmethodsandship ofpartshavmgexposedmachinedsurfaces.
p a r t s i n t h e s e q ~ r e q ~ f œ ~ y i n s t a l l- aar w
m ln B e h --up, the oil orpnxemtive usedin the bear-
i & d f y d l ~ s b i p m e r i t s b y m a r k i n g i n d i v i d u a ~ ~ ~ -ing housingshouldbeflushedoutandrepiacedwirhc~
blies c r ~ p n tomshipment. lubricatmg oil of the recommended type. Grease lubri-
Themanufacaurersshouldspccifythe~pfcpB- cated bearings may require lubrication prior to start-up.
retiOnandproteCtivecoatingSthatsbouldbeprwidedto Prior to start up, forced lubrication systems should be
protact the equipment if die ins- isdehyed. checkedforproperoperation.
Aulhonzed EngineerKig Infomiation 11-14-1885.
COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association Previous page is blank.

Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=,
STD-NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1791 b470247 0524332 6 4 9
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SM 23-7997
Page 33
Sectlon 8
INSTALLATION
ai INTRO DU^
TbetmbineshauMbeiilptnllulmaccardencewithrwF
ommendationsandinsmictions
* ispuedbydrcmanufac-
ánt
The m f o m i a t i o n c o n ~ i nSection 8ispovided to
asgist~prirchasaarhiscontractatintbepropahandliog
gndinmiliahrn
* 0fmtcbamcaldriveweamtiabmes.There
&e m i y vatiabies mvohrcd mtheaquipnent funiished
methodofshiplaent,andtypcsofiir9rallntinn.uierefore,it
is not feesi'ble to detail step-by-stepproCadurW.
Auihairod Enginwring Infomath 11-13-1969.
82 SUPERVISION OFINSTAUATION
It is f c c o m m a that the man-'S representa-
tive faqwise theia9iallationofthe tmbiac.The mstatltt-
tion procedure should be in accordance with
recammndatiaisandiartnictim~bythemanufac-
turcrutham drawings arbyoibeameans. Sucb piocb
dares are arranged and planned to obtain the most
Lwiskmy iImauion and commissionmg of the eqwp
ment.
pauyqualifiedlabor,incl~qpalinedsupervisim,is
requiredfoapmpetirldhtm' ,scastupand~m.
-Engineering- * 6-21-1079.
83 INsTALmnoN
propermazallatiaa i s a e c t s p a r y f m ~ i r ; a yopera-
tion.* nsershOuldprovidean adequate fauidation to
maintain alignment and sbould installpiping to minimize
txtanalf~andmomentsonmeMbiae.
S f i k n t space andnecessary openings in the founda-
tionsandkiuding !aluCtun shaildbe pwided for the
insWahn of theequ'ipment Suitablcqmiqs should be
puviäcd in the building to admit the quipmew me
purchaser should provide sufncient space raound the
quipmalt for savicmg, including the ripace formwing
the rotor and setting down îhe upper half of the turôine
casing.
Authorized Engineersiq Infomiation 11-14-1985. ~
8.3.1 FOUndatlOn Inlet 175 53 175 53

Foundations should be sufficiently heavy and rigid to Exhaust 250 76 450 137
farm a permauentiy nonwarpmgsmictinie. Induction 175 53 175 53
The manufacturez should íiunisbdimensionaldrawings Extraction 250 76 250 76
to enabíe the purchasez to design a suitable foundation of -
ample~~andstrengthfortheequip~tspeci6ed.
"he fwndation sûouldbe designed so that it WU absorb 8.3.3 Cleaning af Tutt~ne Steam pping
to a large extent the vibrath of die unit installed on it. Asourceofcleansteam,free~foreignparticles,must
-
nefouadabon shouldbeisolated~thebuildingstnic- be provided to the inlet of the turbine connecaons * .The
hire by means of spacers (felt, coak,and so fortii) so that Station piping and the boiler system should be cleaned in
outsi& vibrationwill notbetransmioed tothe foundation.
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S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL L991 I6470247 0524333 585
SM 23-1991
Page 34
~withthepoceduressubsequentlywiggestedin pieces of welding rod to work their way ttuuugh the

d e r to assure the avaiiability of clean steam. pipelhesandsupeitieaterlllbes.
steam Mowingisfequiredforall main steam,seal and calculationscanbe made to show how much flow and
. . piping before the steam turbii is put into
adnussion what drum pressure am necessary foranassumed tempo-
aperation. steam Mowing greatly reduces potealtial dam- rary pìpe size to a c b a mass velocity head during
age to the turbim by weid beads and pipe slag. cleaning quai to that attainedduring fuii loadoperatiai,
steambbwingisbestachievedbyrepeatedbeatingand basedMthe followinn:
coalingwhichwin~altwiateeiqiensaiandcoanaction 1. AS I nrst atten+, assume that tfie velocity at the
intkpipingwhichwinhelpbasenpipe~.Itisforthis pipe exit to atmosphere during blowdown is sonic,
~thattheMowdownshouidbeatfullpns9ureand and that the pressure, Ppjllstinsidlediepipattht
terrpwratiae for several minutes to allow the pipc to get as exit is u)psi. Tomake this assumpion, it is neccs-
~toope!xs&~~asyossible.niepIpingshould ssay that all ofthe flow ateas in &heSystem be equal
beallowedtoco0lbef~stastuigthenextMowdown. to, 01larger than, the dischargeam.
AminimumofthreebbWSShOUldbe~and~ 2 Estimate the steam conditions (piessiae, enthalpy)
subsequentblowsshouldiiseapolishedstedwgetatdiecnd at the boiler outla expected during steam blow-
oftheMowdowniinetoactasanindicatiaiofckantmess down.Fnim tbecurve~inFigure8-2read~ma~~
~shouldbepolishedonbodisi&stoobiaindoublie flow function,F3o. Calculate the massfl<lw, Qcl as
usage.AnewEargetshoutdbeitsedfareachttSandcheEsrget follows
compand toanew one untiitheyqpeartobethesame. See Q c = F30xAp
Figure8-1f~~~ggesedtargetinstal)atim. where Aphthe area of the pipe at discharge
ïùepurchasershouldprovidetemporarypiphgrequlled m.3.
for the blowdown. It is alwaysadvisable to blow to atmos- 3. It isnecessaryto dculate the presslm drop through
phereoutsidethestationinanareawberesteamarperticles the temporary and permanent piping to amive at a
wouldnotinjurepersonnelaraffectequipnentnitpblow boiler pmsure. Refa to Figure û-3. 'ibis curve
piping must be iarge enough to develop a mass velocity shauldbe used todetennine rhe pressure dropnear
head in the permanent piping at ieast equal to thatdevd- the discharge endofthetempmrypiping, since the
oped during full load Operation. Blowdown lines should velocity is near sonic and an ordinary dculaiimof
be installed with adequate anchors toprevent pipe whip pressiiredrap due to friction does not^^.
ping oc damage. "he trip throttle valve and stramer must
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
be removedandallvalves in the main healer should be
wideopen.
The following procedm should be used for sizing the
temporary Mow down line:
Since the forcemaparticle is proportional tothe mass
veiociry head of the fluid,it appears reasonable that the
mass velocity head cieveiojxd during die Mowing cycle
must be at leastequai to that developed during full &ad
operation. 'ibis should rake care of most hose pieces.
However,a time Eactor is involved; no one can be sure how
long it takes pipe scale to loosen up, ar such things as
- ~~
S T D * N E M A SM 23-ENGL L99L 6470247 0524334 411
SM 23-1991
Page 35
( P v ~= pressure-specifÏÌ volume product during

cleaning at boiler ouuet, ft3/in2
(P-) = pressure at maximum load flow at
boiler outlet, psia
(Pc) = presslire during cleaning at boiler
outlet, psia
( P V =~pssure-specific volume product at
maximm load flow at boiler outlet,
ft3/in2
5. Ifthisxatio,R,islessthan are andthe steam velocity
inthesupeheatertubesislessthantwice theabw-
able, divi& the pnssure assumeû inside pipe exit,
Pp,by thisratioand repeat the above process. Thus,
therequired flow andgressuresfor equivalentclean-
O 2 3
1 4
ing forces can be deteamined. îhereby estabMing
%' the required sizes for the temporary Mowpip.
Note that for a discharge pressure different than 30
psi, the flow function is
Figure û4
PRESSURE DISTRIBUTK)NNEAR M E
END OF A PIPE DISCHARGING STEAM The~ofthetemporarypipeisamostimportantfactor.
AT SONIC VELoclfv nie use d a iargerpipe wiU result in lesser flows and lesser
in applying Figure 8-3, assume as a ñrst hial thatL is pressure h e i s required for the same cleaning farce. The
dietotalequivalentIcngthofthetempararypiping,niclud- size effect is poportional to the ratio of diameters to the
ing the equivalent length of elbows, tees, etc. in the tem- fourth pow.In no case, however, should the temporary
porary system. calculate the 5 anci aiter the curve in
pipe have a greater flow area than the permanent piping.
Pressurereadings during blowdown should be taken at
the inltt u)the stop valves andas close as possible to the
F m 8-3 and thus calculateP, the ptsamat thc distance
FL thewmpmry pipe is MowclownPipedischarge. The lauer connectionshould be
Lfran the exist. Note that if-& made ata convenientlocation,but not less than 20 diame-
D
ters fran the discharge end of the blowpipe in order to
more than 5, use a sharterL which wiü makc? equaî 5 obtain a stable pressure Feading. These readings will help
substantiate the calculated boiler pressure and pipe Szes
andusecoxmpdm* g P/Pp to CalculatePat the shorts L . selected for the blowdown operation.
wtm+ is gnater tiun 5, the pressuredrop isa straight- A f d i size Mock valve, safeiy iocated, shouldbe used to
line frmction of L and can be caicuiaied by the conven- perform die blow. Adequate pham communication be-
tween the boiler mom and the operaror at the blow down
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
tional method. Then calculate, by conventional

valve must be established This might also be backed up
straight-line methods, the press~redrop due to friction in
the piping from point Lfrom the exit to the boiler outlet, by a system of visuai communication, such as indicating
lights, since phone communication may become difficult
thus arriving at the boiler outlet prrssiire, Pc.
due to the high no& level at the blowdown valve. An
4. Next, caîcuiate the cleaning farce ratio at the boiler
anangrnent should also be made to record the pressure
outlet, using the calculated Pc and the expected
enthalpy. This mio compares the mass-velocity readings at the various siations simultaneously through
head during cleaning with dut developed c&uing proper communications.
nomial fuii-loadoperation. nie cleaningfacc ratio When performingthe blav, the blow down vaive should
fystbe cracked so as to get a graduai warming of all the
is expressed by: steam lines. When the lines are adequately warmed up,
open the blow down valve all the way as fast as possible.
When the boiler pressure has dropped to approximately
150 pSi [lo35 kpa (gauge)], close the blow Qwn valve
where: ~~ysothattheboilerpressuredoesnotdropbelow
100
Qc = calculatedflowdiiRngcltanllig,lb/hr psi [69ûkPa (gauge)].
Qmu =maximumloIdflm,lb/hr
STD-NEMA SM 23-EWGL L77L W 6470247 0524335 358 H
Steam seal piping or any other lines that might bring stops at the W i inlet and exhaustconnectioasuother
steam to theanbinemustbebiowndown. Weldspatierand apeningsal the machineto which externalpiping systems
other foreign matenal that may becontained wiîhin the connect.
steam seal piping can cio appreciable damage to both the In ader to keep the strains due to faces aad bending
steam seal packing and the turbine shaft. Thetefare, it is matnentsonthe~ineoonnections,iaciu~gtheweight
prudent to direCr as much attention to the cieaning of this ofthepipe,withinrecommenäe.dlimits,diepipingsystem
piping as has been stated for main steam lines. desigashouldbe~hthatresoaintssindíitMomafmove-
It is imporiant that uie blowing apeiatiOn be conducted ment match momentsat the connectionsto the turbineand
after ail of the field weiding is completed Allliough Mt toveqîarge forcesat the turbine suppom. ..
the turbine manufacturer’s responsibility,it is a good pac- The faces in piping sys&mtauieroperatingcondutons
tiœ to have a service supervisorwitness at least the finai can be giouped into three Classes: those due to stean
blow down. l==-’temperatiireanddeadweight.
It is left to the customer’s discK&on to determine the -fngineerkigi- * 6-21-1979.
most practical method of cleaning íktoiy prefabrid
8A3 FoiicesDueioOPressum
lines which may become conlmhaledin ihe field nKst
linesstiouldbecleanedandgivenseveralgoodbbwspr¡or niesealemOStcOmmanl~associatedWithbwprtssue
to final assembly. FOI short runs which cannotbebiown andvacuum iineswhereexpansionjointsareof&nusedto
down,mechanical cleaning may be adequate. Lintsid- provide flexibility. If an expansion pint is impmpedy
m g from the turbine to the customer’s steam lines sbould used, it may cam a pipe reactjon greater dmn îhe one
also be blown Out for the best interestsof the custame. which it issupposed toeliminate. An uriffsalctedexpm-
Authonted Erigheerhrg Infomiation ll-14-lg85. Sion pint will cause an axial uuust equal to tbe effective
ana ofthe bellows times the intend pfesslm The mag-
8.4 SMMPIPINGSYSTEMS nitudeofthese forces may be geater than the limitsforme
8.4.1 Intmductbn
exhaust flange. In &to have the iowest reaction when
it is found that expansionjoints ale required,die standad
Reactions of piping systems connecteü to steam au- of the Expansion Joint Manufacturws Association should
bines, if of sufficient magnitude, will result m d i g n - becmsulled.
ment of the turbine sufñcient to cause rough operationand The following figures and paragraphs represent typical
sarious mechanical damage. Steam turbines have been - andareofferedonlyasguide&
installauons
very Carefdy designed to provide for thermal expaeon Figure 8-4showsanexpansionjointm apressure lint.
and, at the same tllne, maintain close aügnmeat betwecn Theaxialthnist~theexparisionpinttendsto~
the tlubine rotating and stationary parts, and also the Lhe~ineandtheelbaw.Topreventthis,dieelbowshould
~ineanddrivenequipnent.mpvisimfortlubii haveanahchortokeepitfnnnmoving.”ñt?turbineshaild
rbennai expansions by necessitylimits theallowable val- atsoabsorbthisthrnstand,mdoingso,becanes8nasichor.
ues of forcesand manen&applied tothe Qrrbine stnicture m fœce al the Mbme may be greater tbaa can be
by the piping c o ~ ~ c t to
e dit. allowed. In general,this mebiod shouldbediscouage&
It is the purpose here to briefiy discuss piping arrange- Figure84showsthe SamepipingarrangemmtasngiPe
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ments and recammendfiangeloedinglimitationsimposed 8-4 except for the atkiition of tie rods on the expansian
on steam turbines by piping. This infonnatbn is presented pint. nie tie rodspvent the elongation of the joint and
as an aid to the user and is not intended as aselfcaitaid taketheaUalcreatedbythein~pressunofdie
thesisonpíping. expansionpintsoitis n o t m i t t e d & b aabiaeflange.
The recornrnendahns to be discussed h u i d provide The tie rods eliminate any axial flexibility,but tbewt is
aibwable d u e s of forces and momeats at the turbb still fïexibie in shear; that is, the fianges may m
connectionsforsteam iníet,exaaction,andexhaustpiping. parallelplanes.’IbebCatiOnOfthiS~Of~h~~
It is not caisidered necessapy to supply values far aux- shwldbesuch~movememofdiepipingpiss~~
iitarypiping such as steam íeakoff, hhkating o& and sionjointmsheainsteadoftensionocaimpessia
coolingwater,buteven so,thisadhrypiping sbaild also Fii8-6isanarrang~~tfiequentlyiised,hawigtie
be designed such that tubine expansioSi is not restramad. rods as indicated for 1yn1condeilsing aperation.This IIC-
Authorized bgimririg Infwmation6-21-1979.
langement should prevent ally duustdue to mtemalpes-
8.4.2 ThePipingProblemssAppliedioWnes sure of Ihe expansion pint 6rom being transnrtted
* t o b
exhaiistaangeandretairistheaxiztlflexibuitydditjaitIt
one of die firstcxmidediaas in designing any piping may be used for either VBCUIIIII oc pnsure savicc (by
system isto keep the StreSJes in the pipe within the limits suitablearangementoftheIods).
of ANSI/ASME B31.1 and/or any localcodes that may be
appiicabîe. In generaì, the jipisdicaion d s u c h authanties
S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL 1791 b470247 0 5 2 4 3 3 b 294
SM 23-1991
Page 37
li
ANCHOR
TURBINE
mgUr8 84
UNRESTRAINED EXPANSION JOINT
(May Impose an unacceptable thrust forœ on the turbine.)
Figure &5
////////)
- -. . EXPANSION JOINT TIE RODS
(Flexible in shear only)
Fígute 8-7 shows a suggested anangementfar a andens- Figure 8-7p v i h the necessary flexibility to take care
ing~widlEin”iip”exhaust.Duetothelargecxhaust of themial expansiai without impsing any UnIl-
piPeSiZen<rmallY~te€edOncandetmn
exhaustpipingmayberelativelystin,dan~jomt
g-k - iifting force on the turbine. The expansion joint is in shear
which is the preferred use. The reîatively smaü vertical
StioUMbeiisedatsomepoint to take care oft h d expan- expansion may compress one p i t and elongate the other
sion.An umestrictedexpansionPrntplaced at the exhaust whichcausesasmdireactionaalyandmaybe wellwithin
fiange of the turbine may exert an upward or lifting force the turbine fìange limits
on dit turbine flange which in many cases is excessive. Authorized EngineeringInfomation 6-21-1979.
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S T D * N E M A SM 23-ENGL 1991 W 6470247 0524337 1 2 0
sh4 23-1991
page 38
Figure 8 4
EXPANSIONJOINT wmi TiE RODS FOR NONCONDENSING OPERATION
(Proviaes awlel fiexlblllty without Imposing thnist on the tu*ine.)
Figure 8-7
EXPANSION JOINT Wmi TIE RODS FOR CONDENSING OPERATIONWil" "UP" EXHAUST
(Provlâes veitical flexibility without bnposlng thrust on the tu&lne.)
8AA Fo~cesDuetoTTemperature
if a pipe is COMtected to some point as Am Figure 8-8,
and hestheamfígurathshown by the soiid tine, it may
assiimetheappmmak ' pOmtioashownbythedashline
when heated to a higher temperature, pmviäing no re-
straint is offeredbypoint B.
If both pomîs AandB are rigid points which may not
wwc, the pipemay assumeashapesimuartothathwn
by thedashbe mFigure 8-9 whai heated.
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
~
S T D e N E M A Sfl 23-ENGL L99L 6470247 0524338 Ob7 m
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A
///////////
A
STD.NEMA SM 23-ENGL L99L 6470247 0524339 TT3 W
Rigid supportsmay be usedto limit die movementofaihe

to prevent excessive deflection at any point. A rigid sup-
portisnotsatisfactoPywherethennalexpansionmaycause
the pipe to move away from the support
On the two types of rigid mpports shown in figue
8-12, the rise of the turbine CoNKctiOn due to temperatrire
may lift the base elbow from the support so the tiabine
would have to suppat the weight of the pipe. nie expan-
sion of the vertical mn of pipe would relieve the pipe
hanger of its ioad so the Mbine would again have to
suppattheweightofthepipe.
Table 8-2
Temperature Rangesfor Forcesand Moments
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure 8-12
DEAD WEIGHT SUPPORT
If an expansion joint with restraint ''ngtierodsisused,

either a rigid pipe hanger or a bitse elbow with a siidhg oc
rolling contact surface may be used as shown m fim
8-13.
When the thrustdue toan expansionjointis less than the
exhaust flange limits and no resminhg tie rods are used,
the pipe shwld have an anchor as shown in Figure 8-14.
Since this condition rarely exists, it is better to use the
'Ihe btrbine manufmurershonldbecoI1sulted toassure pn?fdarrange.mentsasshownin figure 8-13 andelimi-
that the turbine car^ withstand forces and moments which nate as mpch pipe reaction aspossiilerather rhanjustsiay
wiU be imposed by Cdd-spning piping in the cald condi- withinthelimits.
h. spnnghangersorsupportsare best suited to carry the
Auihorired EngineeringInformation 6-21-1979. dead weight when thereis thermai e x p s i o n to be consid-
ered. n i e movement of the pipe may change the spring
8.4.5 FoicesDuetoDeadWeigM tension or compression a smaü amount, and the banger
nie dead weight of the pipmg should be ea~tireiysup loadings snaii amount, but may not remove the idfmm
pmcdbypipehangersorsupports.Therearebasicallytwo the banger. Pubiished manuals oc1 pipe design provide
types Of -rigid and m g .Rigid supports infonnatimon hangerspacingtogivepoper suppost Ia
necesSay*=- ted expansion joint is used additiontothis,itmaybefoundnecessarytoaddadditioaal
- ~
S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL 1991 6470247 0524340 715
SM 23-1991
Page 41
Where:
FR= Resuitant fme (pounds) at the CM-
nection. mis includes pessure forces
Whereunreseauied
' expansion joinis are
used except on vertical down exhausts
Full vacuum load isallowedon Vertical
down exhaust flanges. It is not included
as part of the piping load frwn Figrire 8-15:
FR=-
MR= Resultant moment (foot-pads) at Lhe connecth
from Figure 8-15
MR=~ M ? + M ~ ~ + M ?
De = Nominal pipe sizeof ihe conne~tionin inches ~p
to eight inches in diameter.
For sizes greater than this, use a vaiue of
De =
Figure 8-13 3
DEAD WEIGHT SUPPORT W i l H RESTRAINED
VERTICAL
WPANSION JOINT
/'
/
/
Fy t ///
/'
Figure &14
DEAD WEIGHT SUPPORT WiTH UNRE-
STRAINED MPANSIONJOINT Il
sqpnts or mweexisting supports ifresonant vibration 1 l
appearsinthepiping.
z+ I
Aspring support should not be used to appose the titrust

ofanexpansianjointWhcnthepnssureisnmovedh
the line, the sping support may e x m a force the same as Figure 8-15
the expansionjoint ally m ihe opposite direction. COMPONENTS OF FORCES AND MOMENTS
wbigineemg- ' 6-21-1979.
ON TURBINE CONSTRUCTION. POSiTiVE Mo-
8.4.6 AlkWable Fomes and Moments on Steam MENTS ROTATE COUNTERCLOCKWISE WHEN
Turbines VIEWED LOOKING INTO POSITIVE FORCES
'Ibefœcesandmantntsachgonstcamairbinesduem 8.4.6.2 The combined iiesdtants of the fmes and mo-
thesteam inlet,entraction,andexhaustconnectionsshould ments of the inlet, extraction, and exhaust connections,
be limited by the following: resolved at the centerlines of the exhaust conndon
should not exceed the vaiues per Limit 2.
8.4.6.1 nie totai resutmt force and totai resuitant mo- a. These resultant should not exceed:
ment imposedon thetucbimat any connection shwldnot 2 F c + hfc I=OD, (Limit 2)
exceed the values per Limit 1. Where:
3FR + MR i;5oODe (Limit 1)
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
STD.NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1971 I6470247 0524343 b 5 L
Combined resultant ofinlet,extraction, ~asde~byapplicabecodesaud~bad=

and exhaust fcuces, in poiincis. ia.
Combined resuIcBnt ofinlet,extract&, Authorized Engineering Infomiatkn 11-14-1985.
and exhaust momeum, and moments
8.4.6.5 See Sample problems 8 4 ûB and 8C for exam-
resulting 6rom fon!es, in poond-feet
Diameser (in inches) of a circular opening plesof how thesef m and momat limitationsareqplied
equal tothe total aleas oftheinle&exlrac- toturbineinstallati0
-0s.
tion,aaäexhaust~gsuptoamiue 85 DRAINPIPING
of 9 inches in áiame€er. For values beyond
this. use a value of Dcquai to: IndividualdrainpipmgshOuldbe~withsbiiton
valvesortraps.
Authorired a nee ring Lnf#maEkn 11-14-1985.
8.ô LEAK-OFFS
L e a k 4 should be piped dhxtly to an Opern iidn
ventedtotheatmosphexew i b o u t v a h r e s o r a ~
to a combsue recway system. The pipe sixmid be
adequately sized to avoid pmsure bdäup.
. 11-14-1965.
AuthociredEngineeiinqInformatian
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
8.7 FULLFLOWREUEF VALVE
Thetnrbinecasingaadmtanalpartsshdbcp.otected
a~texcesSivep.essinrebytheinstallaaon ' of afuü-fíow
relief valve. The relief valve is connected into tht piping
system between the aubiueexhaustconnectieo and the
nrst shutd valve. niis relief valve should not be coa-
fused with the sentbel warning valve whichwhcn sup
pli& is maunteúon the Mbine casing.
The full-flow relief device should be provided by the
user aspart of the piping mstallationwhich iswrtanal to
the tulbme. In COILdtLIsm* g appiicaoioar,a fan-flowdicf
valve or nipun disc may be pm&d as plin of the
c-œthttiirbiat.
The size of the r n - hdevice diaildbe such that it
willexhausttotheatm~the~mn<Ipansityof
(as- . bytheáabinemanufrictunr)whidi
wiupassthroughthe~~withmaxmnimiinitial
steamconditions.
For condensrn * g sabines, the full-flow device
should give full relief at no more than 10 psi POkni
*
(¿3allge)l.
Fot exlmtion Mbines ur back-- tuhiDe& the
fall-flow relief device shopldapen at 10psi om) Q 10
~t(whichcvcrisgrtaoa)abovetbemaxmiunwrtasc-
tion~armaxmiumexhaastpresnnie.Therew
device shalt give full relief atm mae thsn 10 pacent
abovethe"start-to-open" pcwsure.
ïfthehigh-~-pessweorhighextractimorIiriminnirn
~tripisfirmishedthereucfdevicepiesarresshopld
braised 5 ppi 135 &(gaugc)l a n d t h C b i @ - ~ j ~ ~ +
s r ~ etrip should be set at the above
sure.
S T D a N E f l A SM 23-ENGL L991 m b470247 0524342 5 9 8 m
SM 23-1991
page 43
2 6 316 791 632 1581 791 791

2 8 412 1031 825 2062 1031 1031
3 6 335 839 671 1677 839 839
3 8 427 1068 854 2136 1068 1068
4 8 447 1118 894 2236 1118 1118
4 10 480 1199 959 2398 1199 1199
4 12 511 1277 1022 2554 1277 1277
4 16 575 1437 1150 2874 1437 1437
4 18 607 1518 1215 3037 1518 1518
4 20 640 1600 1280 3200 1600 1600
4 24 706 1764 1411 3528 1764 1764
4 30 804 2011 1609 4022 2011 m11
4 36 .904 2259 1807 4518 2259 2259
6 12 524 1309 1047 2618 1309 1309
6 16 585 1462 1170 2924 1462 1462
6 18 616 in1 1232 3081 1541 1541
6 20 648 1620 1296 3240 16u) 1620
6 2A 712 1781 1425 3562 1781 1781
6 30 810 2025 1620 4050 A125 2Q25
6 36 908 mi 1817 4541 2271 2271
8 12 540 1351 1M1 2702 1351 1351
8 16 5981 495 11% 2991 1495 14%
8 18 628 1571 1257 3141 1571 1571
8 20 659 1648 1318 3295 1648 1648
8 24 722 1804 1443 3608 1804 1804
8 30 817 2044 1635 4087 2044 2044
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
8 36 915 2287 1829 4573 2287 2287

8 48 1111 2n8 2222 5555 2778 2718
10 12 560 1401 1121 2802 1401 1401
10 16 614 1536 1229 3072 1536 1536
10 18 643 1608 1286 3216 1608 1608
10 20 673 1682 1345 3363 1682 1682
10 2r) 733 1833 1467 3667 1833 1833
10 30 827 2068 1654 4135 2068 u168
10 36 923 2307 1845 4614 23û7 2307
10 48 1117 2793 2234 5586 2793 2793
12 18 661 1651 1321 3303 1651 1651
12 20 689 1722 1377 3444 1722 1722
12 2.4 747 1868 1494 3736 1868 1868
12 U) 839 2096 167î 4193 20% 2096
12 36 932 2331 1865 4662 2331 2331
12 48 1125 2812 2249 5623 2812 2812
16 24 781 1952 1561 3904 1952 1952
16 30 867 2167 1733 4333 2167 2167
16 36 957 2391 1913 4783 2391 2391
16 48 1143 2858 2287 5716 2858 2858
STD.NEMA Sfl 23-ENGL L99L bY70247 0524343 4 2 4 IFI
SM 23-1991
Page 44
~shauldbenoairpocketsinthegrout.Aftertbegront
is dry, connect the piping, fúlly tighten the foundatim
bolts,and recheck me aiignment.
Amixtureof cement and h e sand isnormaüy usedas
grout, 'ihm are other mateaals availabie which bave
proven tmxcssM. Care mustbeexcrciseüin tbe used
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
matajals whicb expami while setting, as they may OVQ

expaad and prescrit mare of a problem tban mven~onai
materials such as cement and sand,which have atendency
to shtmk d&hdy. 8-16 a d 8-17 -t typicai
i l s a a h s d a r e ~ t e d o n l as y guide&)
Aulhailled Engineering- 1 11-14-1oe5.
aio FLUSHING OIL SYSTEM

When a foxwd-feed lubrication system is provided,
flushing of the iubricatbn system should be perfarmed
prior to the initial start-up in accordance with the
man~srecommendations.
Authorized Engimefing Infomatiori 11-14-1985.
8.10.1 mushing oil shoold be compatiile with the finai

airbiae oil.
aios oil should be circulatedtbmgh the entiresystem
as long as necessary to remove or to flush parrialate
matter back tothe oil reservoir. Aperiodic checkof theoil
filtas or temporary screens should m e as a guide to
detenninewtienmeoil isclean.
Authorized Engineemg Inforniath 11-14-1985.
S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL 1991 = 6470247 0524344 360
SM 23-1991
Page 45
r I
1. Support Foot
2. Mounting Pad
3 1
3. Baseplate
4. Anchor Bolt
5. Anchor Nut
6. Shims
7. Foundation
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figm8-16
BASEPLATE MOUNTED TURBINE AND DRIVEN EWIPMENT
S T D I N E M A SM 23-ENGL L99L H 6470247 05243q5 2T7
SM 23-1991
Page46,
/ 1. Support Foot
2. Soieplate
3. Hold-down Bolt
4. Anchor Bolt
5. Anchor Nut
6. Shims
7. Foundation
Figure 8-17
SOLEPLATE MOUNTED TURBINE AND DRIVEN EQUIPMENT
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
-
STD-NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1791 6470247 0524346 133 m
SM 23-1991
Page 47
mleproMem8A
ALLOWABLE FORCES AND MOMENTSON STEAM TURBINES
(31027)+ 680 5 (soo)(8)

1661S4ooois true so forces aadmom«itsoa the
inlet flangeare within acœptablelimits f a exhaust
&&
2 Check combined R E S U . M f o r aaad moment
ON THE ?'U..ZNE Limit 2, Parap&
8.4.62.a.
Fx= 40-110= -7Olb
Fy -100 - 250 = -350 Ib
Fz= - 70 + 180 t +110 lb
I&= 200+500=+700Ib-ft
M y s 150+300=+450bft
&e - l m + 350 = +230 lbft
ExhaustFíange F&70)z+(-350)z+(110)2-= 373 lb
& = -11Olb
Fy= -25olb F~~(700)z+(450)2+(230)2 = 863 lb-ft
&= +180lb Nominai inlet Flange Area = m2
= 1257 ir?
I&=+XI0 lbft 4
My= +ux) lbft Nominai~Fl8ngcArea.:
&= +350lb-ft m2
= 50.27 Si2
check to see if these farces and moma@are w i t h 4
NEMAguidclinea Totai Fiange Area = 1257 + 50.27 = 6284 in2
1. ~ R E S U L T A N T f ~ d m o m c aONINDI-
ts Dc= = 8.%in.(Nocozrectiori
VIDUAL FLANGES against Limit 1. paragrriph x ntedtdbwvalues
8.4.6.1. 9 m.aad Smaller.)
~=~(40)2+(-100)2+(-70)z= 128 lb
Allowpbk Foroes and Moments

Fx= 50&= 447lb
F y = 125&= 11181b
Fz=loO&s 8Wlb
& = 250&=2236bft
My 125 Dc = 1118 lû-ft
&= 125Dc=1118lû-ft
Magnitu~oftheactualforcesandmomentscaicuiateù
in Part 2 of this problem are lower than the allowable
ExbaustFiange magnitudescalculatedabove.Therefaile.thecornponen~~
F~=~(-110)~+(-250)~+(180)'= 327 ib of rhe combined farce and moments on the turbine are
WithinNEMAgUidelines.
Resultsfrompipts 1,2,&3 of this problem show that
forces and moments imposed by the piping system are
WithinallNEMAgUidelines.
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
STD.NEMA S I 23-ENGL L97L 6470247 0524347 07T
SM 23-1991
Page 48
Sample Problem88
ALLOWABLE FORCES AND MOMENTS ON STEAM TURBINES
A condensing turbine has a 6 inch side inlet and an 36 De = (16+36)=17.33 inches

inch down exhaust. Analysis of the steam piping system 3
pqxsed for the turbine has determined that the compo-
nents dthe forces and moments imposed on the iniet and
exhaustflanges(cxcludingfarceontheexhaust~~due
IoprrssureforcesinttKumesaained * expansionjointinthe (3)(2!50) + O 500 (17.33)
exhaust line.) will be 8s tabulated below.
Inlet Fiange 750 S8665istniesoforcesandmomentsoathecx-
Fr= +901b haustfiangearewithinNEMAguidelines.
Fy= -1zolb 2 Checkcombined RESJLTANTfacesandm~meat
Fz= + m l b ON THE TURBINE against Limit 2, Pamgmph
Mx= -350 lb-ft 8.4.6.2.a
My= +200 lb-ft Fx= W+O= 901b
Mz= +150 Ib-ft Fy = -150 - w ) = 400 Ib
Fz= 200+0=200lb
ExhaustFlange Mx = -350 + O = -350 lb-ft
Fx= O My= 2OO+O=ux)lb-ft
F y = -250lb I&= 150+0=15OIb-ft
FE= O F&O)2+(400)z+(2Ml)2 =456 Ib
Mx= O &d(-350)2+(200)2+(1S0)2= 430 îb-fi
My= O
&= O . Nominai inlet Fiange Area = = 28.3 in2 m2
4
Bellows area far the expansionjoint (obtained from
expansionjoint manufacturer) is 1030 square inches.
NominalExhaust
Resure f m &vel@ by full vacuum in the expan- Fiange Area =zQ&hJ2 = 1017.9 in2
4
sionpintis:
(14.7 (1030 in3
= 15,141 Ib Total Flange Area = 23.3 + 1017.9 = 1046.2 ia
This is additional force in the -Ydirection.
Check to see if thest forces and moments are within
NEMAguidelines.
1. ~ k ~ U L T ~ f ~ ~ d r n ~ e n t s 0 N ~ ~ I -
VIDUAL FLANGES against Limit 1, Paragraph Dc = 3-i = 18.166 in.
8.4.4 1. 3
2Fc+Mc525oDc Limit2
inlet Flange (2) (456) +4301250(18.166)
1342s4542 is me so the resultant forces and
F~=~(!W)2+(-1S0)2+(200)'= 266 lb moments are within NEMA guiWines.
M~=d(-350)~+(+C200)~+(150)~ =430 lb-ft 3. Check the COMPONENTS of the cunbined foi.ces
& = 6 inches (No correction needed for flanges and moments ON THE lU..LVE against values
8" and smaller.) calculated per Paragraph 8.4.6.2.b.
3FR+mS500& Limit1
(3)(266) + 430 5 (500)(6) From calculations in part 2,i k = 18.166 in.
1228S3ûûû is true so facesand momentson the
inlet flange are within NEMA guidelines. AUowable Forces and Momenis
Fx= 50Dc= 908lb Mx= w)Dc=4541Ib-ft
ExhaustFìange Fy=125Dc=2271lb My= 125Dc=2271lb-ft
FR excludingpressweforce = Fz= 100Dc= 18171b &= 125&=2271bft
d(0)2+(-250)2+(O)2 = 250 lb Magnicudesoftheactuaifonwaad~cntscalailated
in Part 2 of this problem are lower than the dowable
MR= d(0)2+(o,2+(O)2'=O ib magnitudes calculated above. 'brefore, the cum-
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL 1971 b470247 0524348 TOb 9
SM 23-1991
Page 49
of Ik canbined fotces and Inomem on the turbine are Total force on the exhaust fhnge is the vector total
WilhinNEhwgindClimes of pressme farce from iheexparrsionjoint and the
4. aiecktoralforœmthetiabineexhaustfìange facescaicukd with force excluded.
against h e limit pes jtaragrapb 8.4.6.3. Total farce = -15,141- w)=-15391Ib
paragraph 8.4.6.3 statts that fame on the exhaust Results from parts 1.2.3 and4 ofthispmblm
flangc should not exceed 15-112 times the nominai show that forces and moments imposed by the
Cxhaustarea piping system are within ail NEMA guideiines.
(i5-w) (1017.9in5 = i s m ~b
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL L99L M 6470247 0524347 742
Sample Problem8C
ALLOWABLE FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR A
TURBINE WITH FOUR EXTRACTION OPENINGS
Strofoprneei Ara of opeahlp Equivalent Diameter = 153.04 Eiches

(UI 11
- ms<ruuc~-) Equivalent Dhmem must be corrected when value ex-
Inlet 14 153.94 ceeds9inches
EXamiQn#l 10 78.54 . Dc = = 57.01 inches
*
Extraction#2 8 3
50.26
Calculate maximum allowable forces and moments
Extraction#3 16 201.06 Fx = 50(57.01) = 2851 lb
ExtracrionM 30 706.86 Fy= 125(57.01)= 71261b
E;xhaust 148 17203.40 Fz= 100 (57.01)= 5701 lb
Mx = 250 (57.01)= 14253 lb-ft
Fmd the diameter ofa circular opening equal to the total My = 125 (57.01)= 7126lb-ft
8ceB
Mz = 125 (57.01)= 7126 lb-ft
Equivalent Diameter =
4I133.W78.54+50.26+20 1.W7ûó.86+1'1203.40)
It
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
S T D * N E M A SM 23-ENGL 1991 b470247 0524350 bb4
SM 23-1991
Page 51
-Section9
OPERATION AND MNNTENANCE
9.1 INTRODUCTION 9.4 TYPICAL STARTING SEQUENCE FOR A

To ensure thatthe turbine receivestbe caeand artention STEAM TURBINE
necessary and dfor this type of equipment, specific 1. Open exhaust shut off valve.
iastnictionswithrespecttostartingup,shuaingdown,and 2. Sfartcoolingwater.
routine operation shouid be provided by the mufacturet 3. Startlubri&onoilsyStem. ~
in the instruction manual fumisbed with the airbine. 4. Startsteamsealsystem.

. 11-14-1985.
Authtnized Engineeringk\fom\rmon 5. Opmcasedrains.
6. S& or m e t aip valve.
9s opmnoN 7. crack open isolating valve.
The following should be @vencareful consideration by 8. Aüowcasingtoheatup.
hopaator: 9. Slowly upen isolating valve und governor Eakts
1. The steam supplied to the turbine should be free of control (observe manufacturer’s instructions re
debris. To ensure maximum protection, steam lines nard inn critical^.
shouid be blown prior to Starting. 10. h y &en isoladng ;alve.
2. l h e steam turbine operator shouldbe aware of the 11. Adjust governor speed.
hazards associated with ccmtaminatioa of the p m 12. closecasingdrains.
cess steam with agents which p r o m o t e stress 13. Monitor turbine operation untii stable operation is
sim Cracking. achieved
3. Avoid slugs of water and unduly wet steam. Authorized Engineering Information 11-14-1985.
4. Avoid great or sudden fluctuationsin pressure and
temperamre of steam supply. 9.5 MAINTENANCE
5. proMbeanadequatesuppiyofcleanwaterfreef?om 9.5.1 Introduction
acid or scale forming impurities for oil mlers,air
cooïexs and the gïand ccmdensing system. inspection and &ce should follow manuf~auw’s
6. Provide lubricating oil of proper quality and ioseuCtions. Frequency of inspection and degree of thor-
characwtics, including initial flushing change. oughnessmay vary a n d a have tobe determhed by the
7. Maintain a log of aperating conditions, including mainteamce personnel:
steam inia pressures and t e m m stage pres- The foilowing is a typical maintenance program:
sures, oii pressures, exhaust pres~ures,whition, Daily
and 50 fimdi. This is mi -t in predicting and 1. V i y inspect turbine for extemai damage and
scheduling inspection outages. leaks.
8. Check trip valves or trip and throttle valve for Oper- 2 Check oil level in resewoirand governor.
-----
ation. 3. Check for unusual vibration and noise levels.
9. c h e c k o v e a s p e e d t r i p a t ~
intervals. e
4. Check oil temperatureand press&.
10. Check auxiliary oil pumps. weekly
Aurhwued EngineeringIníurmebjon 11-14-1985. 1. Check operation of auxiliary oil pump, if applicable.
2. Check operation of ail shut down devices.
9.3 NONCONDENSINGTURBINE OPERA..N 3. Check that shafts are fite of oil or grease.
OF A MULTlsTAGECONDENSING 4. Exmise the tnp valve.
TURBINE Monthly
Noncondensing operation of a multistage condensing 1. Check overspeed governor.
turbine is not recommended unies approved by the man- 2 Check foundation bolts for tighmess.
ufiumnx. High exhaust pressme and temperanne can 3. Checkoiìandñlter.
cause last stage blade flutter,Casing distortion and damage AMU~IY
and misalignment with driven machines. An mcrease m Shut down the turbine and perfom the following:
exhaust temperature and pressure may also af€ect pipiig 1. Remove and clean steam strainer.
farces. (Seepiping f o a calcuiationS given in Section 8.) 2. Check shaft seals fa wear.
Authorized Engineering Information 11-14-1985. 3. Check thrust bearing end piay.
4. Remove sentinel warning valve and check for
proper operation.
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
S T D a N E M A Sfl 23-ENGL L99L b b470247 0524353 5T0 9
SM 23-1991
Paga 52
5. berter to prevent tbe bu&i up of sotids than to bave to

removedepositsaf'tertheybavefonnexL
6. . 11-14-1985.
AuihorizedEngineehgInfomiabon
7. 9.7 STEAMPURITY
8. Steam nub& users should be a m ob the hazards
associated with contamination of tbe steam by agents
which migûtproniote stms cQnDGLos1 crackiag. solids
baiM up. e€osirm, and corroaioa. conmmiaan@wichris
9. sodium, bydroxicks. chIodes, sulfates. copper.Itab and
sjlicacesmayresult inshoateaedturbineiifeandfaihaed
iutunalpar&s of the turbine.
Since it is not possible to prescnbc the &grce of
. .
coa- thatsteamniróine~cantoleratem
order to achieve the iong life expected of intemalturbine
canponcnts,onlyg~gui&lin~caIlbeoffd
Farsmalllow~applications,~mayaper-
ate taisfactorily on steam havingpnity.limitssetby
. the
A m e & m l 3 o i l e r ~see~=le~
9-1.
. 11-14-1985.
Auhized~neeringinfomiaiiar
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- - _ ~ _
S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL L77L 6470247 0524352 437 W
SM 23-1991
Page 53
Table 9-1
WATERTUBE BOILERS RECOMMENDED BOILER WATER UMil'S
AND ASSOCIATED STMM PURITY AT STEADY WATE FULL
LOAD OPERATION DRUM TYPE BOILERS
0-300 0-2068 700-3500 140-700 15 -

0.2 1.0
3014% 2069-3103 600-uxx) 12O-600 10 -
0.2 1.0
451-600 3104-4137 5002500 1CNMM 8 -
0.2 1.0
601-79 4138-5171 #)(11OOO 40-m 3 0.1 - 0 5
751-900 5172-6206 150- 750 30-150 2 0.1 - 0 5
901-1Ooo 6207-6895 125- 625 25-125 1 0.1 05-
Table 9-2
SEAM PURITY- LIMITS
conductivity-
Micn>mhoslcm at Z 0 C
Dnun 0.3 1.o
ûnce dirough 0.2 0.5
SiO, ppb. max 20 50
Fe,ppb, m a 20 50
Cu, e,
max 3 10
Na+K,ppb,-
Up to 800 psi [5516kPa (gauge)] 20 20
801 to 1450 psi 15517 to 9998 kPa(gauge)] 10 10
1451 to 2400 psi [9999 to 16548 kPa(gauge)] 5 5
Over 24Oû psi [over 16548 kPa(gauge)] 3 3
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S T D g N E M A SM 23-ENGL 1791 I 6470247 0524353 373
SM23-1991
pases
Section 10
INQUIRY GUIDE
(Authorized Engineering Information)
Job No. Item No.

inquiry order No.
pinrchase Chder No.
Revisim
Sk. No. Required:

savice Driven Equip. GearYesJNo
ManuEacMa Model
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COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association

sM23-1991
Page 56
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mut
Mamifactunr'sstandard
S T D * N E M A Sfl 23-ENGL 1991 6470247 0524355 L 4 b
SM23-1991
Page 57
Factory Tests
Hydo test
No-load running test
-
DynamiCbalancerotor
site utilities
cooling w8t#: NOM Fresh Brackish
coding wata: other Tempcracure-
Electrid supply: d
dc
Conml(s) volts phase Hz
Motaro volts phase Hz
Air Supply pressiire
Site Environment
Ambient tempexatwe Maximm Minimm
Elevation
Environment Rdection at Site (Sor i )

Enclosed SheltfXd outdooa
other
For monthss!crragepriortowartup
S = Storage
I = Installation
Remarks
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Drawings and Data to be Supplied

certifiedoutlinedrawings
Recommendedspanpamlist
Instnicdonbooks No.
other
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MA

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NEMA Standards Publication No.

Steam Turbines for Mechanical Drive Service

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards and guideline

Steam Tuhines for Mechanical Dive Service

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

STQ-NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1991 6470247 0524297 714 m

Ncmwntroiled Exüacîh Turbhes ............................. 7

S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL L99L b470247 0524299 5 9 7 =

S1.4-1983 Spcjficprionfor Soundikwl Meters

STD*NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1991 b470247 0524306 5 5 7

21 TYPES OF STEAM TURBINES 2.1 3.2 N O " T R 0 U D EXTRACTlûN TURBYSE

21.12 CONDENSING TURBINE whichhas an opening(s) in the airbinecasingfainductioa

2.2.8.1.1 Aptsure impulse ur Rateau stage coLIsi8t8 d

INTERSTAQE SHAFT SEALS

casing. They m of the antifrictm, laad, ar scgmeniai 2.2.18 ConadllngDeVice

2.3 FEATURESANDACCESSORIES 9. Insulation for the high tempemm section of tht

features W i n items 1 thrwgh 6ofU.1, together Witti 242 speed

2.4.4.6 ExtRAcT#))JSTEAM PRESSURE 2.4.4.13 DUAL Srrrun CûNMl"S

S T D - N E M A SI 23-ENGL L77L H 6470247 0524312 850

measured at the output shaft of the! gear. It is &y

the foilowingdiouidservewagenaal design guide tothe total cooling loadandshouidbearrangedandventedf?

d 2.7.2.6.2 if bearing mctal thenwconples ot #Il)s arc

be mi@ted by the use of one or moxe of the measmes 2.û.3 Exposu~toAb110mialAtm0spheric

dust, and fmign mamiais to the governing s

2.8.2.2 In addition to the foregoingprotectivemeasum,

not have the specified margins betweem the apaating

(up to & including) 1-50 40

steam 00 cnmthe turbine. nie pilotvaivecoatroistbc flow

3.1.7 speed changer

3.2 SPEU) GOVERNING SYSTEM

TWb 3-1 (SeeFigure3-1for agraphic repmentationof speed rise

* niese Maximum speed Rise Percent values can be

STEADY STATE SPEED REGULATION NEMA

3.3.6.1 PRESSURE REGULA^ 3.4 COMPENSATED CONTROLSYSTEM

Agoveniar with h i s capability incorporatesfeatUtes to theirassociafedWiringshouldbepro~fmnheat,weat

8.5.2.5 OVU1SPEEDTmP 3.6 AUTOMATIC START CONTROLS

4 1 BASICFEATURES 41.6 Comblned mp and mmle mive

S T D - N E M A SM 2 3 - E N G L 1991 W b 4 7 0 2 4 7 052i1327 281

S.1 TURBiNE 1. Qiecknerieraloperatioa

2 Wa!exj&~ts, coils, or d e m shall be hyärottsted

5.12 No Lond Running Test

occurring atratedpowerandspeedandmaximum steam

6.3 SOUND PRESSURE LEVU MEASUREMENT

ô.4 CORRECTION FOR BACKGRWND NûlSE

and 86 decibel sound levels diffa in amplitude by six

Insfmments, including microphones, should receive an

6.7 SOUND AmNUATION

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOUNDS (dB)

7.2 SHIPMENT ismauitained at a levei which wiil p v m t condcz1sBtiQ1

COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association Previous page is blank.

8.3.1 FOUndatlOn Inlet 175 53 175 53

COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association Previous page is blank.

~withthepoceduressubsequentlywiggestedin pieces of welding rod to work their way ttuuugh the

S T D * N E M A SM 23-ENGL L99L 6470247 0524334 411

( P v ~= pressure-specifÏÌ volume product during

tional method. Then calculate, by conventional

S T D e N E M A Sfl 23-ENGL L99L 6470247 0524338 Ob7 m

Rigid supportsmay be usedto limit die movementofaihe

If an expansion joint with restraint ''ngtierodsisused,

S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL 1991 6470247 0524340 715

Aspring support should not be used to appose the titrust