General de Jesus College: Discipline-Integrity - Excellence

General de Jesus College
Discipline- Integrity- Excellence
CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the data gathered in this study, had
been analyzed and described carefully. The findings relate to the
research questions that guided the study.
1. Profile of the Respondents
This section contains the age, educational attainment, civil
status number of years being a driver, licensed and overcharging
of fares of the tricycle drivers-respondents.
1.1 Age of the Respondents
This table contains the profile of the

respondents in terms of age.
Table 2
Age Frequency Percentage
25 to 30 3 20%
31 to 35 2 13.33%
36 to 40 3 20%
41 to 45 3 20%
46 to 50 2 13.33%
50 to 55 2 13.33%
Total 15 99.99%
It can be seen from the table shown above that the ages of
25-30, 36-40, and 41-45 were has the same frequency which is
three (3) or 20% .And the ages 31-35, 46-50 and 50-55 has also
the same number which is two (2) or 13.33%
According to Felipe E. Balaria (2016) majority of the
tricycle drivers were between 35-42 years old, while some were
even at a later age of 69 and above and the youngest was 19
years old.
1.2 Educational Attainment
This table contains the educational attainment of
the tricycle driver-respondents.
Table 3
Educational
Frequency Percentage
Attainment
Elementary
3 20%
Graduate
High School
8 53.33%
Graduate
College
4 26.67%
Undergraduate
Total 15 100%
It can be observed above that there were three (3) or 20% of
respondents who are elementary graduate while there are eight (8)
or 53.33% of the respondents are high school graduate and lastly
there are four (4) or 26.67% of the respondents are college
undergraduate.
Feldman (2014) believed that adults with higher levels of
education are less likely to engage in risky behaviors, such as
smoking and drinking, and are more likely to have healthy
behaviors related to diet and exercise.
1.3 Civil Status
This table contains the civil status of the
tricycle drivers-respondents
Table 4
Civil Status Frequency Percentage

T
Single 2 13.33%
Married 12 80%
Widower 1 6.67%
Total 15 100%
It can be observed from the table that there were two (2) or
13.33% of the respondents were single while the twelve (12) or
80% of them are married and only one (1) of them is widower.
James Robards, Maria Evandrou et al. (2012) stated that
marital status and living arrangements, along with changes in
these mid-life and older-ages, have implications for an
individual’s health and mortality. According to Journal entitled
“Marital Status, Health and Mortality”. It emphasized that
literature on health and mortality by marital status has
consistently identified that unmarried individuals generally
report poorer health and have a higher mortality risk than their
married counterparts, with men being particularly affected in
this respect.
1.4 Number of years being a driver
This table contains the number of years being a
driver of the respondents.
Table 5
Years Frequency Percentage
1 to 10 years 3 20%
11 to 15 years 3 20%
16 to 20 years 4 26.67%
21 to 30 years 3 20%
31 to 35 years 2 13.33
Total 15 100%
This table shows how long the driver has been driving. The
year 1-10, 11-15, and 21-30 years has the same frequency which is
three (3) or 20% of the respondents, while the 16-20 years has
four (4) or 26.67% of the respondents. And lastly the two (2) or
13.33% of the respondents answered 31-35 years.
Over the past few years the population of older drivers has
substantially increased. Older drivers are group of a special
interest because of their potential age-related deficiencies. It
is essential to understand their driving behavior and adjust the
conditions of roadway system according to their requirements.
1.5 License
This table contains the licensed tricycle drivers
Table 6
License Frequency Percentage

Non
3 20%
Professional
Professional 12 80%
Total 15 100%
It is observed in this table that three (3) or 20% of the
respondents has non-professional license while there were twelve
(12) or 80% of the tricycle drivers has a professional license.
It can also be observed that the majority of the respondents has
professional license and only few has not.
According to Charisse Kim (2018) before anyone can legally
drive any vehicle in the Philippines, a driver must obtain a
driver’s license from the Land of Transportation Office. The
purpose is to ensure that the driver is well equipped with the
knowledge and skills for the safety of the driver, passengers,
and the public.
2. Unhealthy Habits of Tricycle Drivers
This section contains the data about overcharging of
fares, speeding, smoking while driving, driving without license,
driving without enough sleep and their unhealthy habits
2.1 Overcharging of Fares
Table 7
Overcharging of Fares “It depends to the distance

that I will travel”.
“Depends how far I will travel”
“It depends to the place that

the passenger will tell me”.
“It depends how far I will

drive my passenger”.
“It depends how far I am going

to and how far will the
passenger go to”.
“It depends on how far the

place is”
“Sometimes five pesos up to

twenty pesos, also if it is
night drive the payment is not
the same at morning it is more
expensive if evening”.
“It depends on the place where

the passenger will go to”.
”Depending on how far or the

distance will travel”.
“Depends how far that will

travel my passenger”.
“Depending on the place of my

passengers if it is far”.
This table shows the answers of the respondents about the
overcharging fares. Fourteen (14) or 93.33% from the respondents
answered that it is depend on the distance while only one (1) or
6.67% of the respondents answered “sometimes”. It can also be
observed that majority of their answer is “it depends” and only
few of the respondents answered “sometimes”. Tricycle drivers
also stated that they only increased the fares when the distance
was far.
Aron Jake Vidad (2017) stated that citizens especially the
students encounter certain problems whenever they ride on
tricycles for the reason that the some tricycle drivers
disregard the ordinances on the right fare one should be paying.
Despite reporting this issue to the officials, some tricycle
drivers are just too sneaky enough to charge an elevated fare.
According to Rosanna Alota (2019) there are many situations
that some of the tricycle drivers are being “ABUSADO”. They are
demanding for high fare or payment from the passenger especially
when it’s raining, rush hour, traffic etc. There are also
situations that they refuse to take their passenger to their
destination because it is far and they usually use the excuses.
2.2 Speeding
Table 8
Speeding “Yes I do, to maintain the

safety of my passengers, I do
it by being aware of my speed
to know if I am in the speed
that I want”.
“Yes I do, for the safety of my

passengers”.
“Yes because accident may occur

at any time so speed must be
limited”.
“Yes, to be safe every time I

travel, I do it by looking at
the speedometer often”.
“Yes, to be safe”.
“Yes, to prevent accident”.
“Sometimes no, because I didn’t

notice that I am already
speeding and if the passenger
is in a rush”.
“I maintain the speed limit for

the safety of my passengers”.
“Sometimes no because I’m in a

hurry”.
“No, because sometimes my

passengers is in emergency”.
“Yes for the safety of my

passenger”.
“Yes, because I want my

passenger to feel safe when
they take a ride with me”.
“Yes, for me 30km/h is enough,

for the safety of my
passengers.
“Sometimes no, so I could go

back immediately to gain more
passengers”.
This table shows the responses of tricycle drivers about
observing proper speed limit. Nine (9) or 60% of the respondents
answered “Yes” and their main reason were because they want their
passenger to be safe. And two (2) or 13.33% of the respondents
answered “Sometimes no” and lastly only one (1) or 6.67% from the
respondents answered “No” because of emergency.
According to Kimiko Sy (2017) road crashes are among the
leading cause of deaths around the world. The World Health
Organization (WHO) identifies speeding as one of the main
problems that contribute to the risk of crash-related injuries in
traffic. He also added that the Philippines recognize the danger
of speeding. Speed limits are set under Republic Act No.4136 or
the Land Transportation and Traffic Code which mandates the
allowable speed limits on open country roads, city and municipal
streets, and thoroughfares.
Professor Reign Regidor of the University of the Philippines
National Center for Transportation Studies said speeding reduces
one’s control of the vehicle, among the risk. He also stated that
it also reduces one’s field of vision, therefore, impairing
observation and ultimately limiting your reaction time in case
something happens in front of you like a child suddenly crossing
the street.
He also added that the Philippines recognizes the danger of
speeding. Speed limits are set under Republic Act 4136 or the
Land Transportation and Traffic Code which mandates the allowable
speed limits on open country roads, city and municipality
throughfares.
2.3 Smoking while driving

Table 9
Smoking while driving “Yes because it has been my

habit ever since I first I
tried it.”
“Yes, because I can’t help it”.
“Yes, because I can’t control

myself to not smoke”.
“Yes, because I can’t help it”.

myself and I used to smoke
while driving”.
“No, because passenger will

complain about the smoke”.
“No, because smoking while

driving is prohibited”.
“No, because I have asthma”.
“Yes, because smoking is my

habit”.
“Yes, because I used to smoke

while driving”.
“No, because I am focus on

driving”.

myself to smoke every time.
“No, because passenger will

complain”.

it.”
Based on the data gathered, Nine (9) from the respondents
answered “Yes” majority of the tricycle drivers answered yes
because they are used to smoke while they are driving while some
of them answered no because it is prohibited.
According to Darren Cottingham (2018) the act of taking a
cigarette out of the packet, finding your lighter and
coordinating your hand or hands to light the cigarette means you
are likely to divert your gaze and your attention from the road.
Once you have lit it you then need to put your lighter and packet
of cigarettes somewhere. Any distractions like these reduce you
ability to quickly react to situations on the road.
2.4 Driving without license

Table 10
Driving without license “Yes, because without it you

might get caught by the
police”.
“Yes, so that I will not get

into trouble”.
“Yes, because I don’t want to

have trouble with the police
officers.”
“Yes, because I don’t want to

be in trouble just because of
the license which I can bring
every day.
“Yes, so that I will not have

trouble while driving”.
“Yes, because I might get

Caught by the police.”
“Yes, because there might be a

checkpoint on my way”.
“Yes, because license is

required to all driver.”
“No, because I often forget my

wallet where my license is”.
“Yes, because there is a chance

that the police would catch
me”.
“Yes, I always to put it in my

wallet to make sure that I will
not have problems”.
“Yes, because it is needed at

the checkpoint especially for
unexpected accident”.
“Yes, because there is always a

checkpoint along the way”.
“Yes, to avoid trouble”.
Based on the data gathered, fourteen (14) or 93.33% of the
respondents answered yes they always bring their license with
them to avoid trouble. And only one (1) or 6.67% from them
answered “no” because it is forgotten. It can also be seen that
majority from them answered yes and only few answered no.
Jennie L Conor (2009) stated that the previous studies have
indicated that unlicensed drivers are more likely to engage in
risky driving behaviors, and are more likely than licensed
drivers to be at fault and more seriously injured when involved
in a crash. However, the prevalence of unlicensed drivers in the
general driving population has not been measured, and the risk of
an unlicensed driver being involved in an injury crash has not
been quantified
2.5 Driving without enough sleep

Table 11
“Sometimes, because not every

day I get an eight hours of
sleep”.
“No, because I get more than 8

hours of sleep”.
“Yes, because I start driving

very early in the morning”.
“Yes, because I need to go the

terminal early in the morning
to fetch more passengers”.
Driving without enough sleep “No, because it may cause

danger to my passengers and to
myself”.
“No, because I might have an

accident with my passenger.
“No, because it is dangerous to

take a ride without enough
sleep”.
“Yes, because i need wake up

early and line first in TODA”.
“No, because I always complete

an eight hours of sleep”.
“Yes, because I need to wake up

very early in the morning to
fetch more passengers”.
“No, because it is very

dangerous to drive without
enough sleep”.
“Sometimes, because I need to

work hard and earn money for my
family”.
“No, because getting enough

sleep will be my strength to
work all throughout the day”.
“Yes, because i work late at

night then wake up early to go
also to work”.
“No, because it is dangerous

for my passenger”.
Based on the data gathered .Eight (8) or 53.33% from the
respondents answered no, they are not driving when they don’t
have enough sleep because according to them it is dangerous for
their passenger and also for them. Five (5) or 33.33% of them
answered yes and their main reason was they need to wake up early
to fetch more passengers. And only two (2) or 13.33% of the
respondents answered sometimes. It can be seen from this table
that majority of them answered “no”, only few answered “yes” and
there are some who said “sometimes”.
Charles E. Buban (2014) stated that in the recent study
conducted by the United States Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) and published in the Morbidity Weekly Report,
researchers found out that short sleep duration and snoring were
each independently associated with a greater likelihood of drowsy
driving. Drowsy driving can be just dangerous as drunk driving.
In fact, according to the CDC, not sleeping for 18 hours and
getting behind the wheel afterward is comaparbale to one driving
while having a blood alcohol content (BAC) of about 0.05 percent,
almost the legal limit in most places in United States. He also
said that nodding off even for a fraction of a second behind the
wheel, of course, has deadly consequences.
2.6 Unhealthy Habits

Table 12
“It affects my health by

getting tired quickly and I
also noticed that I have
difficulty in breathing”.
Unhealthy Habits “It affects me by making my

lungs become more weak”.
“It makes my lungs become

weaker”.
“It affects my lungs and it is

starting to become weak as days
pass”.
“After many years of smoking, I

can feel my lungs getting
weaker because whenever I play
basketball I find it hard to
breathe”.
“It has many effects to me

especially to my everyday
income because I always spend
money in buying cigarettes. And
it’s effect to my passenger is
they don’t want take a ride
with me whenever they see
cigarettes on my hand”.
“It has nothing to do with my

passenger but for me it has
because I spend half of my
income in buying cigarettes”.
“Luckily I don’t have unhealthy

habits because I know that is
has no good effect to me”.
“It has many bad effects on my

health. And those unhealthy
habits has nothing to do with
our health but to destroy it.
It can also affect our
passenger because they can
smell the smoke coming from our
cigarettes”.
“It has many effects to me and

to my passenger because those

unhealthy habits can risk our
lives and also the lives of the
passenger”.
“My smoking habit destroys my

lungs and sometimes and I don’t
think it also affects my
passenger because I don’t smoke
whenever I have passenger”.
“My unhealthy habit specially

the smoking has many to my
health, sometimes I am
struggling at breathing”.
“I easily get tired and

sometimes it’s totally hard to
breathe”.
“It affects my internal organs

to become more weak”. And it
also affects my passenger
because they are complaining
about the smoke they smell”.
“It destroys my health and

cause danger to my passenger”.
Based on the data gathered that can be seen in the table, most of
the tricycle drivers said that unhealthy habits has many bad effect to
their health and to the passenger’s health and they also stated that
they spend much money in cigarettes. Moreover, tricycle drivers then
verified that their most dominant unhealthy habit is smoking. Majority
of the respondents encountered many problems in terms of health and in
money because of doing their unhealthy habits.
According to Tom Seymour (2017) smoking cause

Chapter 4
Perceived Effects of Unhealthy
Habits Of Selected Tricycle
Drivers On Poblacion, San
Isidro Nueva Ecija
Submitted by:Group 4 Submitted to: Mrs. Juliet Galang
Kyla Razon
Charles Bognot
Joshua Lasam
Raniel Domingo
Andrei Usi
s damage to nearly every organ in the body and is directly responsible
for a number of diseases. He also stated that smoking cause more
deaths in U.S. each year than following; alcohol use, firearm related
incidents, HIV, and illegal drug use. Smoking shortens the life of a
male by about 12 years and the life of the female about 11 years.

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General de Jesus College

Discipline- Integrity- Excellence

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data gathered in this study, had

been analyzed and described carefully. The findings relate to the

research questions that guided the study.

1. Profile of the Respondents

This section contains the age, educational attainment, civil

status number of years being a driver, licensed and overcharging

of fares of the tricycle drivers-respondents.

1.1 Age of the Respondents

This table contains the profile of the

Age Frequency Percentage

the same number which is two (2) or 13.33%

According to Felipe E. Balaria (2016) majority of the

even at a later age of 69 and above and the youngest was 19

1.2 Educational Attainment

This table contains the educational attainment of

the tricycle driver-respondents.

It can be observed above that there were three (3) or 20% of

or 53.33% of the respondents are high school graduate and lastly

there are four (4) or 26.67% of the respondents are college

Feldman (2014) believed that adults with higher levels of

education are less likely to engage in risky behaviors, such as

smoking and drinking, and are more likely to have healthy

behaviors related to diet and exercise.

1.3 Civil Status

This table contains the civil status of the

Civil Status Frequency Percentage

13.33% of the respondents were single while the twelve (12) or

James Robards, Maria Evandrou et al. (2012) stated that

marital status and living arrangements, along with changes in

these mid-life and older-ages, have implications for an

individual’s health and mortality. According to Journal entitled

“Marital Status, Health and Mortality”. It emphasized that

literature on health and mortality by marital status has

consistently identified that unmarried individuals generally

married counterparts, with men being particularly affected in

1.4 Number of years being a driver

This table contains the number of years being a

driver of the respondents.

Years Frequency Percentage

13.33% of the respondents answered 31-35 years.

substantially increased. Older drivers are group of a special

interest because of their potential age-related deficiencies. It

is essential to understand their driving behavior and adjust the

conditions of roadway system according to their requirements.

This table contains the licensed tricycle drivers

License Frequency Percentage

It is observed in this table that three (3) or 20% of the

respondents has non-professional license while there were twelve

(12) or 80% of the tricycle drivers has a professional license.

It can also be observed that the majority of the respondents has

professional license and only few has not.

According to Charisse Kim (2018) before anyone can legally

drive any vehicle in the Philippines, a driver must obtain a

driver’s license from the Land of Transportation Office. The

purpose is to ensure that the driver is well equipped with the

knowledge and skills for the safety of the driver, passengers,

and the public.

2. Unhealthy Habits of Tricycle Drivers

This section contains the data about overcharging of

fares, speeding, smoking while driving, driving without license,