21.07.

2020

Geospatial Artificial
Intelligence: Konsep
dan Aplikasinya Pada
Daerah Tropis
Dr. Edy Irwansyah
(Bina Nusantara University)
Outline
Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI)
01
History of GIS and Artificial intelligence
02
Machine Learning and Deep Learning in GeoAI
03
Deep Learning in Geospasial Information
04
Aplikasi GeoAI pada Daerah Tropis
05

2
01.1
Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI)
Geospatial Artificial Intelligence 1. Geographic Information
(Geo-AI): is an emerging scientific System: is a computer-based
discipline that combines innovations system to aid in the collection,
in spatial science, artificial maintenance, storage, analysis,
intelligence methods in machine output, and distribution of spatial
learning (e.g., deep learning), data data and information (Bolstad,
2016).
mining, and high-performance
computing to extract knowledge from
spatial big data (Vopham et al, 2018)

3
01.2
Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI)
Geospatial Artificial Intelligence 2. Artificial Intelligence
(Geo-AI): is an emerging scientific Ilmu pengembangan intelligence agents
discipline that combines innovations “.... any device that perceives its
environment and takes actions that
in spatial science, artificial
maximize its chance of successfully
intelligence methods in machine achieving its goals” (Poole, Mackworth
learning (e.g., deep learning), data & Goebel, 1998).
mining, and high-performance “...machines (or computers) that mimic
computing to extract knowledge from cognitive functions that humans
spatial big data (Vopham et al, 2018) associate with the human mind, such as
learning and problem solving“ (Russell
& Norvig , 2009). 4
01.3
Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI)
Geo-AI: a subfield of spatial data science utilizes advancements in
techniques and data cultures to support the creation of more
intelligent geographic information as well as methods, systems, and
services for a variety of downstream tasks.

(1) Image classification, (2) Object detection, (3) Segmentation, (4)

Simulation and interpolation, (5) link prediction, (6) natural language-
based retrieval and question answering, (7) on-the-fly data integration,
(8) geo-enrichment, and many others

Janowicz, K., Gao, S., McKenzie, G., Hu, Y., & Bhaduri, B. (2020). GeoAI: spatially explicit artificial intelligence techniques for geographic knowledge
discovery and beyond.
5
01.4
Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI)
GeoAI: It is a spatial data processing and
analysis algorithm that integrates AI, and
is the product of AI and GIS.
AI for GIS: Using AI capabilities to
enhance the functions and user
experience of GIS software.
GIS for AI: Using visualization and
analysis technology of GIS to perform
spatial visualization and further spatial
analysis of AI output results.
https://www.supermap.com/
6
02.1
History of GIS and Artificial Intelligence

▪ ArcGIS Pro 1.0 was first

released in Jan 2015

▪ GeoAI in Esri Development

Summit 2018

7
02.2
History of GIS and Artificial Intelligence

8
03.1
Machine Learning and Deep Learning in GeoAI

Source: Ragh, 2019 Source: Rose, 2019

9
03.2
Machine Learning and Deep Learning in GeoAI

Tom M. Mitchel, 1997 mengusulkan sebuah

definisi yang lebih operasional dimana
machine learning didefinisikan sebagai
algoritma yang memiliki kemampuan:
".... learn from experience E with respect to
some class of tasks T and performance measure
P, if its performance at tasks in T, as measured Gambar Perbedaan Pemrograman Tradisional dan
Machine Learning
by P, improves with experience E.” (Sumber: Francois, 2017)

10
03.3
Machine Learning and Deep Learning in GeoAI

Gambar Metode Pembelajaran Machine Learning

11
03.4
Machine Learning and Deep Learning in GeoAI
Metode Pembelajaran Machine Learning

1) Supervised learning: 2) Unsupervised learning: 3) Reinforcement learning:

Gambar Supervised Learning Gambar Unsupervised Learning Gambar Reinforcement Learning

(Sumber: Francois, 2018) (Sumber: Francois, 2018) (Sumber: Francois, 2018)

12
03.5
Machine Learning and Deep Learning in GeoAI
Metode Pembelajaran Machine Learning
1) Supervised learning: 2) Unsupervised learning:

3) Reinforcement learning:

http://www.datasciencelovers.com/ 13
03.6
Machine Learning and Deep Learning in GeoAI
Definisi deep learning oleh Chollet Francois (Francois, 2018) sebagai:

“a new take on learning representations from data that puts an emphasis on learning
successive layers of increasingly meningful representation.”
Deep learning merupakan sebuah metode pembelajaran terhadap data yang
bertujuan untuk membuat representasi (abstraksi) data secara bertingkat
menggunakan sejumlah layer pengolahan data. Hal penting dari deep learning,
(LeCun, Bengio, & Hinton, 2015) menekankan bahwa representasi data tersebut tidak
dibuat secara eksplisit oleh manusia tetapi dihasilkan oleh sebuah algoritma
pembelajaran.

14
03.7
Machine Learning and Deep Learning in GeoAI
Metode Pembelajaran Deep Learning

Ma, L., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Ye, Y., Yin, G., & Johnson, B. A. (2019). Deep learning in remote sensing applications: A meta-
15
analysis and review. ISPRS journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, 152, 166-177.
03.8
Machine Learning and Deep Learning in GeoAI
Perbedaan Machine Learning dan Deep Learning

Simplicity: data yang dipergunakan sebagai input proses pembelajaran tidak

membutuhkan proses rekayasa fitur sebelumnya
Scalability: proses pembelajaran model deep learning memungkinkan implementasi
secara paralel sehingga bisa memanfaatkan kapasitas Graphics Processing Units (GPU)
atau Tensor Processing Units (TPUs)
Versatility (adaptability): proses pembelajaran model
deep learning tidak selalu harus dilakukan dari awal
Reusability: sebuah model hasil yang telah di-training
menggunakan sebuah dataset berskala besar dapat
dipergunakan untuk melakukan tugas menggunakan
Perbedaan Machine Learning (a) dan Deep Learning (b)
dataset berskala lebih kecil. (Sumber: Moons, Bankman & Verhelst, 2019)
16
03.9
Machine Learning and Deep Learning in GeoAI
Model NN dan Convolutional NN (CNN) memiliki persamaan yaitu keduanya
memiliki fully connected network, yaitu struktur jaringan nodes yang saling
terkoneksi
Arsitektur CNN memiliki kemampuan
menangkap informasi kontekstual yang
terkandung didalam data, misalnya: pixel yang
saling berdekatan didalam sebuah citra atau
kata-kata yang berdekatan didalam sebuah Gambar Arsitektur Model LeNet5
(Sumber: LeCun et al., 1998)
text
CNN memiliki kompleksitas yang lebih rendah, waktu training model yang
lebih cepat, dan membutuhkan jumlah sampel data training lebih sedikit
dari model NN.
17
04.1
Deep Learning in Geospatial Information
Use Case in Geospatial Information

Semantic Segmentation Instance Segmentation Object Detection

(Qin et al, 2019) (Ji et al, 2019) (Prathap and Ilya, 2018)

18
04.2
Deep Learning in Geospatial Information
1. Semantic Segmentation
• Proses untuk memberikan label
semantik atau kelas objek (misalnya:
sungai, pesawat, bangunan, jalan,
pohon) terhadap setiap pixel dari
sebuah citra

• Hasil: Superpixel

19
04.3
Deep Learning in Geospatial Information
• Model U-Net
• Diusulkan oleh Ronneberger,
Fischer & Brox, 2015, sebagai
model segmentasi semantik

20
04.4
Deep Learning in Geospatial Information
• Model DeepLab
• Diusulkan oleh Chen et al.,
2017 dari Google sebagai
model segmentasi semantik

(Su and Chen, 2020)

21
04.5
Deep Learning in Geospatial Information
• Model Deep UNet
• Diusulkan oleh Li et al., 2018, sebagai
model segmentasi semantik
menggunakan data citra penginderaan
jauh.

22
04.6
Deep Learning in Geospatial Information
• Model High Resolution Nets
• Diusulkan oleh Zhang, Lin, Ding &
Bruzzone, 2020, sebagai model
segmentasi semantik
menggunakan data citra
penginderaan jauh.

23
04.7
Deep Learning in Geospatial Information
2. Instance Segmentation
• Proses pemberian label,
prediksi lokasi dan
segmentation mask berbasis
pixel terhadap setiap individu
objek didalam sebuah citra.

24
04.8
Deep Learning in Geospatial Information
• Model Mask R-CNN
• Diusulkan oleh He, Gkioxari,
Dollár, & Girshick, 2017,
sebagai model segmentasi
instance

25
04.9
Deep Learning in Geospatial Information
• Model Path Aggregation
Net
• Diusulkan oleh (Liu et al., 2018)
sebagai model segmentasi
instance

26
04.10
Deep Learning in Geospatial Information
3. Object Detection
• is a computer technology
related to computer vision and
image processing that deals
with detecting instances of
semantic objects of a certain
class (such as humans,
buildings, or cars) in digital
images and videos.

27
04.11
Deep Learning in Geospatial Information
• Model Spatial Pyramid
Pooling (SPP)-Net
• Diusulkan oleh (He et al., 2015)
sebagai model Object detection

28
04.12
Deep Learning in Geospatial Information

Dua tipe frameworks di Object Detection: region proposal-based and regression/classification based
(Zhao and Zheng, 2019)

29
05.1
Aplikasi GeoAI Pada Daerah Tropis
1. Semantic Segmentation

Semantic Segmentation
using U-Net and
U-Net+ResNet-18

30
05.2
Aplikasi GeoAI Pada Daerah Tropis
1. Semantic Segmentation

Semantic Segmentation
using ResNet and SatNet

SatNet Architecture
(Gunawan et al, 2019) 31
05.3
Aplikasi GeoAI Pada Daerah Tropis
2. Instance Segmentation

Instance Segmentation
using PSPNet, Unet and
Hasil Awal UNet
Classification Using Hasil Awal PSPNet
ResNet50

Hasil Klasifikasi (1 Klas)

Hasil Klasifikasi (2 Klas) 32

05.4
Aplikasi GeoAI Pada Daerah Tropis
3. Object Detection

Object Detection using

AlexNet dan ResNet18

AlexNet Architecture
(Krizhevsky et al, 2012)

Link video
https://youtu.be/suL1YWbchOA

33
05.5
Aplikasi GeoAI Pada Daerah Tropis
3. Object Detection

Object Detection using

ResNet with SSD
Architecture

https://learn.arcgis.com/ 34
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Terima kasih

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