DIRE DAWA UNIVERSITY

Institute of technology
School of mechanical and industrial engineering
Power plant engineering

By Mr.Abera .A
march- 10/2020 G.C
 CHAPTER- SEVEN
INTERNAL COMBUSTION POWER PLANT
Introduction
aa heat engine in which the heat source is a combustible mixture that also
serves as the working fluid.
An
An internal combustion engine is a heat engine in which the combustion of
the fuel occurs with oxidizer(usually air) in combustion chamber that is an
integral part of the working fluid.
The
The working fluid in turn is used either to:-
to:
Produce
Produce shaft work by pushing on a piston or turbine blade that in turn
drives a rotating shaft or
Creates a high-momentum
momentum fluid used directly for propulsive force
 An ICE
• Gasoline-fueled
fueled reciprocating piston engine
• Diesel-fueled
fueled reciprocating piston engine
• Gas turbine
• Rocket
An engine which is not ice
Steam power plant
Solar power plant
 Nuclear power plant
General classification of engine
Diesel engines
• In a diesel engine, air is first compressed to a high pressure and a
small volume(volumetric compression ratio varying between 13 and
22) at which the hot air temperature is more than the self ignition
temperature of the fuel oil, which is sprayed in to the compressed air
in fine atomized form.
• The combustion products expand doing work on the piston till the
exhaust valve opens.
• Exhaust of the products then takes place, at the end when air again
inter the piston and the cycle repeats itself.
• There is no spark plug.
Continued…….
• Fuel oil spray burns in the hot compressed air.
• Hence, a diesel engine is also called a compression ignition engine(CI
Engine).
Types of diesel engines
Four –stroke
Two-stroke
Horizontal and vertical
Single and multi cylinder
Naturally aspirated and supercharged
 Supercharging
1. What is supercharging?
2. What is turbo-charging?
3. What is their function In the engine?
4. Their working principle
5. Imagine schematically what they look like?
6 is turbocharger is supercharger?
Continued……….
One
One way to increase engine power is to force more air into the
cylinder so that more power can be produced from each power
stroke.
This can be done using:-
some
some type of air compression device known as a supercharger, which
can be powered by the engine crankshaft.
Supercharging
Supercharging increases the power output limits of an internal
combustion engine relative to its displacement.
Turbo-charger
• A turbocharger is a supercharger that is driven by the engine's
exhaust gases, by means of a turbine
• A turbocharger is incorporated into the exhaust system of a vehicle
to make use of the expelled exhaust
• It consists of a two piece, high speed turbine assembly with one side
that compresses the intake air, and the other side that is powered by
the exhaust gas outflow
Turbo--charger
Turbo exhaust
Layout of a diesel engine power plant
Modification of gas turbine cycle
Modification in a gas turbine cycle important to improve the efficiency
or out put of the cycle.
Continued…………….
Continued………………
• The basic operation of the gas turbine is a Brayton cycle with air as
the working fluid.
• The atmospheric air flow through the compressor that bring it higher
pressure.
• Then energy is added by the spraying fuel into the air and igniting it.
Brayton cycle
the gas turbine cycle is referred to as the Brayton Cycle or some times
the Joule Cycle. The actual gas turbine cycle is an open cycle, with the intake
and exhaust open to the environment.
• can use different fuels
• simple in construction, easy to maintain
• can handle large volumes of gases
• small weight-to-power ratio
• Back Work Ratio:: the ratio of the compressor work to the turbine work
Continued……………….
Cont………..
Cont….
Cont…………….
Cont…………
Cont………….