Chemistry Chemical Reactions CH 18 Samplepractice Exam Questions and Answers

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Chemistry & Chemical Reactions CH 18 Sample/practice

exam, questions and answers
General Chemistry II (College of Staten Island CUNY)
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Chapter 18—Entropy and Free Energy
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When a chemical process occurs under standard conditions, which of the following conditions always
apply?
1. Gaseous species are at a pressure of 1 bar.
2. Solution concentrations species are 1 molal.
3. The temperature is 298.15 K.
a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 2 e. 1, 2, and 3

ANS: D
2. Which of the following statements regarding the spontaneity of chemical and physical changes is
correct?
a. A reaction may be spontaneous only in one direction.
b. A process can sometimes be spontaneous in the direction that moves it away from
equilibrium.
c. Endothermic processes are never spontaneous.
d. A reactant favored process cannot be spontaneous.
e. Spontaneous changes occur only in the direction that leads to equilibrium.
ANS: E
3. Which of the following statements concerning entropy change is/are true?

1. For a reversible process, .
2. For a spontaneous process, .
3. For a reversible process, such as a phase change, S = qrev/T .

ANS: D
4. The following processes occur spontaneously at 25 C. Which of these processes is/are endothermic?
1. NH4NO3 dissolving in water (which is accompanied by a cooling of the water).
2. the expansion of a real gas into a vacuum (which is accompanied by a cooling of the
gas).
3. liquid water in an ice cube tray freezing into ice after being placed in a freezer.

ANS: D
5. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?

1. Spontaneous changes only occur in the direction that leads to equilibrium.
2. Exothermic reactions are always spontaneous.
3. In any chemical reaction, energy must be conserved.

ANS: D

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Kotz 9e Chapter 18 Entropy and Free Energy
6. For a certain reversible process q = 57.40 kJ at 36.6C. What is S for the process?
a. 0.185 J/K b. 185 J/K c. 1.57 J/K d. 0.185 J/K e. 2130 J/K
ANS: B
7. A statement of the first law of thermodynamics is that

a. in a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases.
b. there is no disorder in a perfect crystal at 0 K.
c. the total energy of the universe is always decreasing.
d. the total energy of the universe is constant.
e. mass and energy are conserved in all chemical reactions.
ANS: D
8. The second law of thermodynamics states that

a. in a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases.
b. there is no disorder in a perfect crystal at 0 K.
c. the total energy of the universe is always increasing.
d. the total energy of the universe is constant.
ANS: A
9. What is the change in entropy for a system going from 189 possible microstates to 734 possible
microstates? (k = 1.381  10-23 J/K)
a. 1.64 10  22 J/K
b. 8.70 10  23 J/K
c. 8.70 10 23 J/K
d. 1.87 10  23 J/K
e. 1.87 10 23 J/K
ANS: D
10. Which of the following statements concerning entropy is not correct?

a. The entropy of a system increases as the number of available microstates increases.
b. The entropy of a system is proportional to the natural log of the number of microstates.
c. In a spontaneous process, S(universe) indicates the extent to which energy is dispersed.
d. The dispersal of matter, such as the spontaneous expansion of a gas, cannot be explained
by an increase in entropy.
e. Entropy is a measure of the extent of energy dispersal.
ANS: D
11. As defined by Ludwig Boltzmann, the third law of thermodynamics states that
a. there is no disorder in a perfect crystal at 0 K.
b. in a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases.
c. the total entropy of the universe is always increasing.
d. the total mass of the universe is constant.

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ANS: A

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12. Which of the following statements concerning entropy is/are CORRECT?

1. The entropy of a substance increases when converted from a liquid to a solid.
2. The entropy of a substance decreases as its temperature increases.
3. All substances have positive entropy values at temperatures above 0 K.

ANS: C
13. Which of the following linear chain alcohols is likely to have the highest standard entropy in the liquid
state?
a. CH3OH
b. CH3CH2OH
c. CH3CH2CH2OH
d. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
e. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
ANS: E
14. If a chemical reaction occurs in a direction that has a positive change in entropy then
a. the change in enthalpy must be negative.
b. the reaction must be spontaneous.
c. heat goes from the system into the surroundings.
d. the reaction must be exothermic.
e. the disorder of the system increases.
ANS: E
15. Which of the following reactions would be expected to have a positive entropy change, rS > 0?
1. 2 SO2(g) + O2(g)  2 SO3(g)
2. Ba(OH)2(s)  BaO(s) + H2O(g)
3. CO(g) + 2 H2(g)  CH3OH( )
a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 2 e. 1 and 3

ANS: B
16. Which of the following changes lead to a decrease in entropy?

a. the sublimation (vaporization) of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide)
b. sugar dissolving in coffee
c. evaporation of water from a lake
d. diffusion of perfume throughout a room
e. halving the volume of a gas
ANS: E

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17. For which of the following reactions will the entropy of the system decrease?
a. 2 NH3(g)  N2(g) + 3 H2(g)
b. 2 C(s) + O2(g)  2 CO(g)
c. CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) + CO2(g)
d. 2 NO2(g)  N2O4(g)
e. NaOH(s)  Na+(aq) + OH–(aq)
ANS: D
18. In which reaction is rS° expected to be negative?

a. 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g)  4CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
b. Ga(l)  Ga(s)
c. H2O(l) + 2SO2(g)  H2SO4(l)
d. CO2(g) CO2(s)
e. all of above
ANS: E
19. Arrange the following reactions in order of increasing rS° value.

1. H2(g) + F2(g)  2HF(g)
2. NH4NO3(s)  N2O(g) + 2H2O(l)
3. (NH4)2Cr2O7(s)  Cr2O3(s) + 4H2O(l) + N2(g)
a. 1 < 2 < 3 b. 2 < 3 < 1 c. 3 < 1 < 2 d. 1 < 3 < 2 e. 2 < 1 < 3
ANS: A
20. Which of the following compounds has the highest standard entropy per mole at 298 K?
a. H2O(l) b. CaCO3(s) c. CO(g) d. SiO2(s) e. CH3OH(l)
ANS: C
21. Which of the following is true for the vaporization of a liquid substance?
a. S = 0 and H = 0.
b. S < 0 and H < 0.
c. S < 0 and H > 0.
d. S > 0 and H > 0.
e. S > 0 and H < 0.
ANS: D
22. For the process Br2(l)  2Br(g),

a. H is + and S is + for the reaction.
b. H is + and S = 0 for the reaction.
c. H is – and S is – for the reaction.
d. H is – and S is + for the reaction.
e. H is + and S is – for the reaction.
ANS: A

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23. Calculate the standard entropy change for the following reaction.
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)
191.5 130.6 192.3
(J/molK)
a. –198.7 J/Kmol-rxn
b. 198.7 J/Kmol-rxn
c. 184.3 J/Kmol-rxn
d. –184.3 J/Kmol-rxn
e. –129.8 J/Kmol-rxn
ANS: A
24. Calculate the standard entropy change for the following reaction,
2 SO2(g) + O2(g)  2 SO3(g)
given S[SO2(g)] = 248.2 J/Kmol, S[O2(g)] = 205.1 J/Kmol, and S[SO3(g)] = 256.8 J/Kmol.
a. –196.5 J/K·mol-rxn
b. –94.0 J/K·mol-rxn
c. –187.9 J/K·mol-rxn
d. +187.9 J/K·mol-rxn
e. +196.5 J/K·mol-rxn
ANS: C
25. Calculate S0 for O3(g) if the standard entropy change for the reaction below is 548 J/Kmol-rxn and
S0[O2(g)] = 205 J/Kmol.
8O3(g)  12O2(g)
a. 364 J/Kmol-rxn
b. 478 J/Kmol-rxn
c. 239 J/Kmol-rxn
d. 117 J/Kmol-rxn
e. 59 J/Kmol-rxn
ANS: C
26. The standard entropy for the formation of SF6(g) from the elements,
S(s) + 3 F2(g)  SF6(g)
is –348.7 J/Kmol-rxn at 298.15 K. Calculate the standard molar entropy of SF 6(g) given S[S(s)] =
32.1 J/Kmol and S[F2(g)] = 202.8 J/Kmol.
a. –988.6 J/Kmol
b. +291.8 J/Kmol
c. –291.8 J/Kmol
d. –113.2 J/Kmol
e. +113.8 J/Kmol
ANS: B

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27. For the combustion of acetylene at 298.15 K,

2 C2H2(g) + 5 O2(g)  4 CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g)
calculate S(universe) given S(system) = –194.6 J/K and H(system) = –2511.2 kJ.
a. –2453.2 J/K
b. –186.2 J/K
c. +186.2 J/K
d. +1290.4 J/K
e. +8228.0 J/K
ANS: E
28. Use the following thermodynamic data
Species fH (kJ/mol) S (J/Kmol)

Fe(s) 0.0 27.8
O2(g) 0.0 205.1
Fe3O4(s) –1118.4 146.4
to calculate S (universe) for the formation of Fe2O3(s) at 298.15 K.

3 Fe(s) + 2 O2(g)  Fe3O4(s)
a. –3404 J/K
b. –1162 J/K
c. +561.2 J/K
d. +3404 J/K
e. +7639 J/K
ANS: D
29. What is the sign of Hº(system) and Sº(system) if a chemical reaction is nonspontaneous at all
temperatures under standard conditions?
a. Hº(system) is negative, and Sº(system) is positive.
b. Hº(system) is negative, and Sº(system) is negative.
c. Hº(system) is positive, and Sº(system) is positive.
d. Hº(system) is positive, and Sº(system) is negative.
e. none of these
ANS: D
30. For the reaction given below, H0 = 1516 kJ at 25C and S0 = 432.8 J/K at 25C. This reaction is
spontaneous ____.
SiH4(g) + 2O2(g)  SiO2(s) + 2H2O
a. only below a certain temperature

b. only above a certain temperature
c. at all temperatures
d. at no temperatures
e. cannot tell from the information available
ANS: A

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31. A change of state that occurs in a system is accompanied by 58.8 kJ of heat, which is transferred to the
surroundings at a constant pressure and a constant temperature of 300. K. For this process
S(surroundings) is:
a. –196 J/K b. –58.8 kJ/K c. 196 J/K d. 58.8 kJ/K e. 241 kJ/K
ANS: C
32. A 100-mL sample of water is placed in a coffee cup calorimeter. When 1.0 g of an ionic solid is added,
the temperature decreases from 21.5°C to 20.8°C as the solid dissolves. For the dissolving of the solid
a. H < 0
b. S(universe) > 0
c. S(system) < 0
d. S(surroundings) > 0
e. none of these
ANS: B
33. A flask containing helium gas is released into a closed room. Which of the following ideas regarding
entropy is false?
a. S(system) > 0
b. Matter is dispersed.
c. S(universe) > 0
d. This process is spontaneous.
e. All of these statements are true.
ANS: E
34. When a real gas is compressed from low pressure to a higher pressure, its temperature increases.
Predict the signs H and S.
a. H < 0 and S < 0
b. H < 0 and S > 0
c. H > 0 and S < 0
d. H > 0 and S > 0
e. H < 0 and S = 0
ANS: A
35. Hydrogen gas is a non-polluting fuel. Hydrogen gas may be prepared by electrolysis of water.
2 H2O( )  2 H2(g) + O2(g)
Predict the signs of rH and rS for the production of hydrogen gas by electrolysis of water.
a. rH > 0 and rS > 0
b. rH < 0 and rS > 0
c. rH > 0 and rS < 0
d. rH < 0 and rS < 0
e. rH = 0 and rS < 0
ANS: A

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36. If rG > 0 for a reaction at all temperatures, then rH is ____ and rS is ____.
a. negative, positive
b. positive, negative
c. negative, negative
d. positive, positive
e. positive, either positive or negative
ANS: B
37. The dissolution of ammonium nitrate occurs spontaneously in water at 25 C. As NH4NO3 dissolves,
the temperature of the water decreases. What are the signs of rH, rS, and rG for this process?
a. rH > 0, rS < 0, rG > 0
b. rH > 0, rS > 0, rG > 0
c. rH > 0, rS > 0, rG < 0
d. rH < 0, rS < 0, rG < 0
e. rH < 0, rS > 0, rG > 0
ANS: C
38. Diluting concentrated sulfuric acid with water can be dangerous. The temperature of the solution can
increase rapidly. What are the signs of rH, rS, and rG for this process?
a. rH < 0, rS > 0, rG < 0
b. rH < 0, rS < 0, rG < 0
c. rH < 0, rS > 0, rG > 0
d. rH > 0, rS > 0, rG < 0
e. rH > 0, rS < 0, rG > 0
ANS: A
39. If a cube of ice at 0 C is placed outside on a warm summer day, the ice will melt spontaneously. What
are the signs of rH, rS, and rG for this process?
a. rH < 0, rS > 0, rG < 0
b. rH < 0, rS < 0, rG < 0
c. rH < 0, rS > 0, rG > 0
d. rH > 0, rS > 0, rG < 0
e. rH > 0, rS < 0, rG > 0
ANS: D
40. If a chemical reaction is exothermic, but not spontaneous, which of the following must be true?
a. rG > 0, rS > 0 and rH > 0
b. rG < 0, rS > 0 and rH > 0
c. rG > 0, rS < 0 and rH > 0
d. rG < 0, rS < 0 and rH < 0
e. rG > 0, rS < 0 and rH < 0
ANS: E

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41. Which of the following is correct for the condensation of gaseous ammonia at –38°C? The normal
boiling point of ammonia is –33°C.
a. H < 0, S > 0, and G > 0.
b. H < 0, S < 0, and G < 0.
c. H > 0, S < 0, and G < 0.
d. H = 0, S = 0, and G < 0.
e. H > 0, S > 0, and G > 0.
ANS: B
42. G< 0 for a reaction indicates that

a. the reaction favors formation of reactants.
b. the reaction is spontaneous.
c. the reaction is nonspontaneous.
d. the reaction is at equilibrium.
e. the reaction cannot reach equilibrium.
ANS: B
43. A reaction is product-favored when

a. Q < K and rG < 0.
b. Q < K and rG > 0.
c. Q = K and rG = 0.
d. Q > K and rG < 0.
e. Q > K and rG > 0.
ANS: A
44. For a chemical reaction, if rG = 0, then ____.

a. K > 1 b. K = 0 c. K < 0 d. K < 1 e. K = 1
ANS: E
45. At what temperatures will a reaction be spontaneous if rH = +62.4 kJ and rS = +301 J/K?
a. All temperatures below 207 K.
b. All temperatures above 207 K.
c. Temperatures between 179 K and 235 K.
d. The reaction will be spontaneous at any temperature.
e. The reaction will never be spontaneous.
ANS: B
46. At what temperatures will a reaction be spontaneous if rH = +117 kJ and rS = –35 J/K?
a. All temperatures below 94.1 K
b. Temperatures between 12.7 K and 135 K
c. All temperatures above 94.1 K
d. The reaction will be spontaneous at any temperature.

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e. The reaction will never be spontaneous.

ANS: E

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47. For a reaction, rH = –208.8 kJ and rS = –308.2 J/K. At what temperature will rG = 0.00 kJ?
a. 0.68 K
b. 677.5 K
c. 1476 K
d. 6435 K
e. G is less than 0.00 kJ at any temperature.
ANS: B
48. What is G° at 298 K for the following reaction?

H2(g) + Br2(g)  2HBr(g); rH = –103.8 kJ/mol-rxn; rS = 21.3 J/Kmol-rxn at 298 K
a. –97.45 kJ/mol-rxn
b. 110.1 kJ/mol-rxn
c. –110.1 kJ/mol-rxn
d. 6.451  103 kJ/mol-rxn
e. –6.451  103 kJ/mol-rxn
ANS: C
49. Calculate rG for the reaction below at 25.0 C

2 Na(s) + 2 H2O( )  2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
given rH = 366.6 kJ/mol-rxn and rS = 154.2 J/Kmol-rxn.
b. –320.6 kJ/mol-rxn
c. –215.4 kJ/mol-rxn
d. +371.2 kJ/mol-rxn
e. +4634.9 kJ/mol-rxn
ANS: B
50. Calculate rG for the reaction below at 25.0 C

CH4(g) + H2O(g)  3 H2(g) + CO(g)
given fG [CH4(g)] = –50.8 kJ/mol, fG [H2O(g)] = –228.6 kJ/mol, fG [H2(g)] = 0.0 kJ/mol, and
fG [CO(g)] = –137.2 kJ/mol.
c. +142.2 kJ/mol-rxn
d. +315.0 kJ/mol-rxn
ANS: C

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51. Given the following, determine fG° at 298 K for PbO.

Pb(s) + PbO2(s)  2PbO(s) ; rG° = –158.5 kJ/mol-rxn at 298K
Substance fG°(kJ/mol) at 298 K
PbO(s) ?
PbO2(s) –217.3
a. –187.9 kJ/mol
b. –375.8 kJ/mol
c. 58.8 kJ/mol
d. 29.4 kJ/mol
e. 117.6 kJ/mol
ANS: A
52. Given the following, determine rG° at 298 K for the precipitation reaction,
Ag+(aq) +I(aq)  AgI(s)
I(aq) –51.59
Ag+(aq) 77.12
AgI(s) –66.2
c. 91.7 kJ/mol-rxn
d. 40.7 kJ/mol-rxn
e. 62.5 kJ/mol-rxn
ANS: A
53. What is rG° at 500.0 K for the following reaction?

Zn(s) + H2O(g)  ZnO(s) + H2(g)
Substance fH°(kJ/mol-rxn) at 298 K S° (J/K·mol-rxn) at 298 K
Zn(s) 0 41.6
H2O(g) –241.8 188.7
ZnO(s) –350.5 43.7
H2(g) 0 130.6
a. 80.7 kJ/mol-rxn
c. 92.0 kJ/mol-rxn
d. –92.0 kJ/mol-rxn
e. –136.7 kJ/mol-rxn
ANS: B

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54. For which of the following substances is the standard free energy of formation not equal to zero at
298 K?
a. He(g) b. Er(s) c. Cl2(g) d. Ba(g) e. Fe(s)
ANS: D
55. Given that

S(g) + O2(g)  SO2(g) rG = –300.1 kJ/mol-rxn
2 S(g) + 3 O2(g)  2 SO3(g) rG = –742.1 kJ/mol-rxn
calculate fG of the following reaction:
SO2(g) + 1/2 O2(g)  SO3(g)
c. +2.47 kJ/mol-rxn
d. +71.0 kJ/mol-rxn
ANS: B
56. Estimate the boiling point of ethanol given the following thermodynamic parameters.
C2H5OH( ) C2H5OH(g)
fH (kJ/mol) –277.0 –235.3
S (J/Kmol) 160.7 282.7
fG (kJ/mol) –174.7 –168.5
a. 22 C
b. 44 C
c. 61 C
d. 69 C
e. 91 C
ANS: D
57. Thermodynamics can be used to determine all of the following EXCEPT

a. the temperature at which a reaction is spontaneous.
b. the extent to which a reaction occurs.
c. the direction in which a reaction is spontaneous.
d. the rate of reaction.
e. the entropy change of a reaction.
ANS: D

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58. All of the following relationships are true EXCEPT

a.
.
b.
.
c.
.
d.
.
e.
.
ANS: D
59. For a chemical system, rG and rG are equal when
a. the system is in equilibrium.
b. the reactants and products are in standard state conditions.
c. the equilibrium constant, K, equals 0.
d. the reaction quotient, Q, is less than 1.
e. the reactants and products are in the gas phase.
ANS: B
60. Given the following and that R = 8.314 J/Kmol, determine K at 298K for the reaction,
AgCl(s)  Ag+(aq) + Cl(aq)
Cl(aq) –131.3
Ag+(aq) 77.12
AgCl(s) –109.8
a. 1.8 10  10 b. 3.2 10 9 c. 5.6 10 9 d. 3.1 10  10 e. 1.7 10  56
ANS: A
61. The standard free energy change for a chemical reaction is +13.3 kJ/mol. What is the equilibrium
constant for the reaction at 125 C? (R = 8.314 J/Kmol)
a. 2.8  10–6
b. 2.0  10–5
c. 4.7  10–3
d. 1.8  10–2
e. 2.1  102
ANS: D

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62. The standard free energy change associated with the dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water is –6.73
kJ/mol at 298.15 K.
NH4NO3(s) NH4NO3(aq)
What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction? (R = 8.314 J/Kmol)
a. 1.9  10–3
b. 6.6  10–2
c. 1.0
d. 15
e. 5.2 102
ANS: D
63. What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction below at 25 C? (R = 8.314 J/Kmol)
MgCO3(s) MgO(s) + CO2(g)
given fG [MgCO3(s)] = –1028.2 kJ/mol, fG [MgO(s)] = –568.8 kJ/mol, and fG [CO2(g)] = –394.4
kJ/mol.
a. 4.0  10–12
b. 0.97
c. 1.0
d. 1.0  104
e. 2.5  1011
ANS: A
64. What is the equilibrium constant for reaction below at 25 C? (R = 8.314 J/Kmol)
2 NO(g) + O2(g) 2 NO2(g)
given fG [NO(g)] = +86.6 kJ/mol and fG [NO2(g)] = +51.2 kJ/mol.
a. 3.9  10–13
b. 1.0
c. 2.6  1012
d. 1.6  106
e. 3.8  1028
ANS: C
65. The solubility product equilibrium constant, Ksp, of silver bromide is 5.4  1013 at 298 K.
AgBr(s) Ag+(aq) + Br(aq)
What is rG? (R = 8.314 J/Kmol)
a. 3.0  101 kJ/mol
b. 5.87 kJ/mol
c. 5.87 kJ/mol
d. 3.0  101 kJ/mol
e. 7.0  101 kJ/mol
ANS: E

lOMoARcPSD|5449323
66. Calculate rG for the following reaction at 425 C,

2 HI(g) H2(g) + I2(g)
given K = 0.018. (R = 8.314 J/Kmol)
a. 6.12  103 J
b. 1.05  104 J
c. 1.42  104 J
d. 2.33  104 J
e. 3.34  105 J
ANS: D
67. Consider the following reaction:

2C(s) + 2H2(g)  C2H4(g); rH° = 52.47 kJ; rS° = –53.5 J/K at 298 K
What is the equilibrium constant at 298 K for this reaction? (R = 8.314 J/Kmol)
a. 1.0  10–12 b. 1.0 c. 1.6  10–3 d. 9.8  1011 e. 6.4  10–10
ANS: A
68. The standard free energy of formation of KBr(s) is –380.4 kJ/mol. rG° for the reaction 2KBr(s) 
2K(s) + Br2(l) is:
a. 760.8 kJ
b. 380.4 kJ
c. –760.8 kJ
d. –380.4 kJ
e. none of these
ANS: A
SHORT ANSWER
69. In any chemical process, energy must be conserved. This is a statement of the ________ law of
thermodynamics.
ANS: first
70. The total entropy of the universe is always increasing. This is a statement of the ________ law of
thermodynamics.
ANS: second
71. ________ changes only occur in the direction that leads toward chemical equilibrium.
ANS: Spontaneous
72. The change in entropy for any process is not dependent upon the pathway by which the process occurs.
In other words, the change in entropy for any process is a(n) ________ function.

lOMoARcPSD|5449323
ANS: state

lOMoARcPSD|5449323
73. For any process, the change in entropy of the universe equals the sum of the entropy changes for the
system and for the ________.
ANS: surroundings
74. At what temperature (in kelvin units) is the entropy of a pure crystal 0.0 J/K.
ANS: 0 K
75. Does the formation of complex molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids from more simple
molecules contradict the second law of thermodynamics?
ANS: No. The formation of complex molecules involves a decrease in entropy locally. The local
decrease is offset by an increase in entropy of the universe.
76. Use the standard entropies for liquid water and steam to estimate the enthalpy of vaporization of water
at its normal boiling point. S [H2O( )] = 69.9 J/Kmol and S [H2O(g)] = 188.8 J/Kmol.
ANS: 44.4 kJ/mol

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Chemistry & Chemical Reactions CH 18 Sample/practice

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Chapter 18—Entropy and Free Energy

a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 2 e. 1, 2, and 3

3. Which of the following statements concerning entropy change is/are true?

a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 2 and 3 e. 1, 2, and 3

a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 2 e. 1, 2, and 3

5. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?

a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 3 e. 1, 2, and 3

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Kotz 9e Chapter 18 Entropy and Free Energy

7. A statement of the first law of thermodynamics is that

8. The second law of thermodynamics states that

10. Which of the following statements concerning entropy is not correct?

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Kotz 9e Chapter 18 Entropy and Free Energy

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Kotz 9e Chapter 18 Entropy and Free Energy

12. Which of the following statements concerning entropy is/are CORRECT?

a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 2 e. 1, 2, and 3

a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 2 e. 1 and 3

16. Which of the following changes lead to a decrease in entropy?

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Kotz 9e Chapter 18 Entropy and Free Energy

18. In which reaction is rS° expected to be negative?

19. Arrange the following reactions in order of increasing rS° value.

22. For the process Br2(l)  2Br(g),

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Kotz 9e Chapter 18 Entropy and Free Energy

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Kotz 9e Chapter 18 Entropy and Free Energy

27. For the combustion of acetylene at 298.15 K,

28. Use the following thermodynamic data

Species fH (kJ/mol) S (J/Kmol)

to calculate S (universe) for the formation of Fe2O3(s) at 298.15 K.

a. only below a certain temperature

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Kotz 9e Chapter 18 Entropy and Free Energy

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Kotz 9e Chapter 18 Entropy and Free Energy

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Kotz 9e Chapter 18 Entropy and Free Energy

42. G< 0 for a reaction indicates that

43. A reaction is product-favored when

44. For a chemical reaction, if rG = 0, then ____.

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Kotz 9e Chapter 18 Entropy and Free Energy

e. The reaction will never be spontaneous.

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Kotz 9e Chapter 18 Entropy and Free Energy

48. What is G° at 298 K for the following reaction?

49. Calculate rG for the reaction below at 25.0 C

50. Calculate rG for the reaction below at 25.0 C

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Kotz 9e Chapter 18 Entropy and Free Energy

51. Given the following, determine fG° at 298 K for PbO.

53. What is rG° at 500.0 K for the following reaction?

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Kotz 9e Chapter 18 Entropy and Free Energy

55. Given that

57. Thermodynamics can be used to determine all of the following EXCEPT

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