Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Lesson Overview
Have you ever tried making a paper boat when it’s raining hard outside and
made several more and later on started a race of which will go faster? Ever tried to
try all the routes from your school to you home to see which is the fastest route? If
yes, then this lesson will be enjoyable for you. In the previous lessons, we have
already discussed about Scalar and Vector quantities, in this lesson, we are going to
discuss about Speed and Velocity.
Although speed and velocity are often used interchangeably in everyday life, they
represent different quantities in Physics. Speed is a measurement of how fast an
object moves relative to a reference point. It does not have a direction and is
considered to only have a magnitude thus, a scalar quantity. Speed can be figured
by the formula:
Speed = Distance/Time
or
s = d/t
This is the way the speed of a car is typically measured. In science and physics the
standard unit of measure for speed is generally meters per second or m/s. The
measurement of speed can reflect two different scalar quantities.
2
While on the other hand, Velocity is the rate of change in an object's position.
Velocity has a magnitude (speed) and a direction. Velocity is a vector quantity that
refers to “the rate at which an object changes its position”. As such, velocity is
direction aware. When evaluating the velocity of an object, one must keep track of
the direction, one must fully include direction information in order to fully describe the
velocity of an object. This is one of the essential differences of speed and velocity.
Velocity is represented by the formula:
Velocity = Δx/Δt
How can be differentiate the two? Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Velocity
is the speed of an object plus its direction. Speed is called a scalar quantity and
velocity is a vector. The fastest possible speed in the universe is the speed of light.
The speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second.
3
I Will Do This
Activity 1: Time Out!
Materials
Procedure
RUNNING
Members Distance Time Speed
(s) (distance / time)
Family Member 1 10 arm span arm span / seconds
WALKING
4
Member Initial Final Initial Final Direction Velocity
s Distance Distanc Time Time (df –di) / (tf-ti)
(di) e (ti) (tf) (Left of
(df) Right)
RUNNING
Analysis Questions:
1. Compare the relative speeds and velocities that your family members have
reached the end point.
a. What can you say about their speed? Velocity?
b. Who among the family members is the fastest?
WALKING
RUNNING
5
Family Member 2 vs Family Member 1
You vs Family Member 2
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
3. Why does initial distance and initial time in solving for velocity is zero?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
4. What are the factors that influence the speeds and velocities of the family?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
I Learned This
Fill-in the blanks. Select your answer from the word box.
6
I Practice This
4. Julie is headed northwards to her home. She lives 40 miles away, and
it takes her 2 hours to get home. What is her velocity as she heads
home?
7
I Apply This
Identify the whether the electromagnetic wave described according to its uses
is correct or not. Write on the circles TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if
not.
1.
3.
Mariana Trench
If one student was able to A velocity of 5 m/s east is
Mariana Trench achieved when a student runs
2. finish a distance of 20 meters
a distance of 20 meters in 6
in 10 seconds, his speed is 2 seconds east.
m/s.
8
I Test Myself
Multiple Choice:
1. What is the minimum time required in order for Angelica, a Grade -9 student to
achieve a speed of 6 m/s within a distance of 18 meters?
A. 4 seconds B. 3 seconds C. 5 seconds D. 6 seconds
2. What is velocity?
A. the quickness of an object B. location of an object
C. speed in a specific direction D. direction of an object
5. The main difference between speed and velocity is that velocity includes this:
A. magnitude B. units
C. direction D. there is no difference
9
Lesson
4 Acceleration
Lesson Overview
Acceleration isn't always the result of change in speed. Examples of motion where
they're moving with constant speed or velocity, however their direction of motion
changes continuously (a carousel, a bicycle on a circular path, etc.). Although you
may have a constant speed, your change in direction means you're accelerating.
Some objects move with a change in both speed and direction at the same time;
example roller coaster. The cars reach the top of the incline. Suddenly, they plummet
10
toward the ground and then whip around a curve. You are thrown backward, forward,
and sideways as your velocity increases, decreases, and changes in direction. Your
acceleration is constantly changing because of changes in the speed and direction of
the cars of the roller coaster.
11
I Will Do This
Activity 1: Doing Detective Work
Here is an activity that you can do to help you with your investigation. You will
analyze the motion using strips of papers with dots. For this activity, assume that the
dots represent the ‘oil drops’ left by the car down the road.
Materials
Procedure
A. Using a Tape Chart
1. Cut the paper strips with dots as shown in Figure 1.
2. Label each dot. Start from 0, then 1, 2, 3, and so on. In this example, each
dot occurred every 1 second.
12
3. Examine the distances between successive dots.
Q1. How will you compare the distances between successive dots?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
4. Cut the strip at each drop, starting from the first to the last drop, and paste
them side by side on a graph paper to form a tape chart as shown in the
figure below
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Q3. If each tape represents the distance travelled by the object for 1 second,
then what ‘quantity’ does each piece of tape provide?
_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Q4. What does the chart tell you about the speed of the car?
_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
The difference in length between two successive tapes provides the object’s
acceleration or its change in speed or velocity for a time interval of 1 second.
13
Q5. How will you compare the changes in the lengths of two successive
tapes?
_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Q6. What then can you say about the acceleration of the moving car?
_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
5. Measure the distance travelled by the car after 1 second, 2 seconds, and so on by measuring
the distance between drops 0 and 1, 0 and 2, and so on. Enter your measurements in the Table
below.
14
7. Join the mid-points of the tops of the tapes with a line just like what is shown
on the figure below. You have now converted your tape chart to a speed-time
graph.
Q8. How does you graph look like? How is this different from your graph in
Figure 12?
_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Q9. How will you interpret this graph in terms of the speed and acceleration
of the moving car?
_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
15
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Q10. If you found out in your investigation that the arrangement of oil drops
left by the car is similar to what you used in this activity, was the suspect
telling the truth when he said that he was driving with constant speed?
_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
I Learned This
Fill-in the blanks. Select your answer from the word box.
16
I Practice This
Acceleration Problems
1. If a car?
4. Julie is headed northwards to her home. She lives 40 miles away, and
it takes her 2 hours to get home. What is her velocity as she heads
home?
17
I Apply This
Identify the whether the electromagnetic wave described according to its uses
is correct or not. Write on the circles TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if
not.
1.
3.
Mariana Trench
If one student was able to A velocity of 5 m/s east is
Mariana Trench achieved when a student runs
2. finish a distance of 20 meters
a distance of 20 meters in 6
in 10 seconds, his speed is 2 seconds east.
m/s.
18
I Test Myself
Multiple Choice:
1. What is the minimum time required in order for Angelica, a Grade -9 student to
achieve a speed of 6 m/s within a distance of 18 meters?
A. 4 seconds B. 3 seconds C. 5 seconds D. 6 seconds
2. What is velocity?
A. the quickness of an object B. location of an object
C. speed in a specific direction D. direction of an object
5. The main difference between speed and velocity is that velocity includes this:
A. magnitude B. units
C. direction D. there is no difference
References
https://www.needpix.com/photo/528850/
https://physics.info/velocity/practice.shtml
19
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Speed-and-Velocity#:~:text=Speed%2C
%20being%20a%20scalar%20quantity,scalar%20quantity)%20per%20time%20ratio.&text=On
%20the%20other%20hand%2C%20velocity,at%20which%20the%20position%20changes.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Acceleration
https://www.toppr.com/guides/physics/motion-in-a-straight-line/acceleration/
20