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EMX4076: Mechanical Vibrations

Assignment 3 (2 2010/2011)
Answer all questions. Each question carries the same equal marks.

Question 1

A piston of mass 4.53 kg is traveling in a frictionless cylinder with a velocity of 15.24


m/s and engages a spring-damper system as shown in Figure Q1. Assuming that after
engagement, the piston is stuck to the spring-damper system. If the stiffness of the spring
is k  350 N/cm and the damping constant is c  1.75 N-s/cm , determine

(a) the maximum displacement of the piston after engaging the spring-damper,
[10 marks]

(b) the ratio of any two successive amplitudes of vibration of the system and
[5 marks]

(c) the number of cycles elapsed for the system to reduce at least 90-percent in
amplitude from its first peak.
[10 marks]

Figure Q1
Question 2

(a) Figure Q2(a) shows an isolation system that often occurs when mounting heavy
compressor on a factory floor. In this case the soil of the factory floor with
negligible damping provides the stiffness of the isolation system. If the
compressor is operating at frequency of 1800 rpm with the unbalance of 0.25 kg-
m, determine the thickness of the concrete block of mass M such that the
isolation system reduces the transmitted force by 75%. Given that the total mass
of the compressor is m  906 kg , the stiffness of the soil is k  2.0 x107 N/m , the
density of the concrete is   23000 N/m3 and the surface area of the concrete
block is 4 m 2 . What is the maximum total settling of the soil?
[13 marks]

Figure Q2(a)

(b) Generally, in designing an isolation system, one cannot choose any values of k
and c but rather works from a parts catalog wherein manufacturers list available
isolators and their properties. Table in Figure Q2(b) shows several available parts
in the catalog. Using the table, design an isolator for a 500-kg compressor running
at constant speed of 1500 rpm such that the frequency ratio r of the system is in
between 3 and 4, and the force transmitted to the foundation is never greater than
10% of the force generated by the compressor.
[12 marks]

Figure Q2(b)
Question 3

Figure Q3(i) shows an airplane, taxing on a runway, encounters a sharp bump. This
causes the wing to vibrate. The bump can be modeled as a velocity pulse shown in Figure
Q3(ii). The stiffness of the wing is k and the mass m of the wing can be assumed to be
lumped at its tip.

(a) Show that the equation of motion of the wing is given as


mz  kz  my
where z  x  y , x and y are the displacements of the wing tip and root
respectively.
[5 marks]
(b) Show that the response of the system z for the time t  t1 is
v  1 

z 0   sin n t  1 cos nt 
n 

 n t1 


[10 marks]

(c) Show that the maximum displacement zmax of the system for the time t  t1 is
v  2
zmax  20 1 1   nt1  
n t1  
[10 marks]

FIGURE Q3(i)

Figure Q3(ii)
Question 4

Figure Q4 shows a motor which is mounted on a rigid rectangular plate. The plate has a
mass of 12 kg and is hinged along side A . On the other hand, at the opposite side of the
plate it is supported by two helical springs. The springs are placed one at each corner of
the plate. The motor has a mass of 15 kg and is fitted with a crank of 50 mm radius,
which rotates at a constant angular speed of 400 rpm. The mass acting at the crankpin is 1
kg. The stiffness of each spring is 15 kN/m of compression. Assume that the vertical
forces of the unbalanced mass is applied at point C which is 350 mm from the hinge, and
that the forces on the springs are equal. Neglect the horizontal forces.

(a) Using Newton’s second law, derive the equation of motion of the system and then
calculate its frequency f n .
[15 marks]

(b) Calculate the total maximum compression of a spring which consists of static
compression due to the dead loads in addition to the maximum compression due
to the unbalanced mass. If the maximum allowable compression for the spring is
10 mm for the coils of the spring without touching each other, what will happen to
the spring? Comment on your answer.
[10 marks]

Figure Q4

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