Image Encryption CH5 New2

5.
1 Simulation Parameters
In the simulation work, the encryption of the Cameraman image with the selected
encryption algorithms (DES and RC6) are carried out . Then, the encrypted images
were transformed into a binary format and used for orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. Both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN)
and Rayleigh fading channels were considered in the simulations. In all
experiments, 128 subcarriers and quaternary phase shift keying (QPSK) were used.
The simulation parameters are summarized in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1 Simulation Parameters
Parameter Description
System bandwidth 64 MHz
Modulation type QPSK
CP length 16 samples
Transmitter
N 128 subcarriers
Subcarrier spacing 500 kHz
Type of transform FFT, DCT, or DWT
Channel Channel model AWGN or Rayleigh fading
Receiver PSE and equalizer ZF equalization
Encryption algorithm Type of encryption, DES, or RC6
Key of DES (00010203040506)16
Key of RC6 (000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f)16
To evaluate the quality of the decrypted images at the receiver, we used the peak
signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) between the original image and the decrypted image.
Figures 5.1 to 5.3 illustrate the variation of the PSNR of the decrypted image with
the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the channel (Eb/N0) for the fast Fourier transform
(FFT)-OFDM system with different encryption algorithms in an AWGN channel
for different numbers of subcarriers. These figures showed that as the number of
subcarriers is increased, the quality of the decrypted images is improved.
100
Original image
90 DES image encryption
RC6 image encryption
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 5.1: PSNR vs. Eb /N0 in the FFT-OFDM system for an AWGN channel with N = 64.
100
Original image
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
100
Original image
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
The Data Encryption Standard (DES) and the RC6 encryption algorithms provided
lower PSNR performance for the FFT-OFDM system compared with the original
image without encryption, which reduces the noise immunity.
100
Original image
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 5.4: PSNR vs. Eb /N0 in the FFT-OFDM system for an AWGN channel with G = 0.
100
Original image
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
100
Original image
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
The effect of the guard interval length on the system was studied; Figures 5.4 to
5.6 illustrate the PSNR performance versus the Eb/N0 for the FFT-OFDM systems
with different encryption algorithms in an AWGN channel. The guard intervals
utilized ranged from 0 to 32 samples. From these figures, it is clear that the PSNR
performances of all encryption algorithms with the FFT-OFDM system at G = 0
were the best compared with those with G = 16 and 32. The original image without
encryption gives the best PSNR values.
Figure 9.21 gives the output of the FFT-OFDM system for the transmission of the
original Cameraman image over an AWGN channel at N = 128 and G = 32.
DES-encrypted image over an AWGN channel at N = 128 and G = 32.
RC6-encrypted image over an AWGN channel at N = 128 and G = 32.
Figure 5.7: Original image with FFT-OFDM over an AWGN channel.

Figure 5.8: DES-encrypted image with FFT-OFDM over an AWGN channel.
Figure 5.9: RC6-encrypted image with FFT-OFDM over an AWGN channel.
Figures 5.10 to 5.12 illustrate the variation of the PSNR of a decrypted image with
the SNR in the channel (Eb /N0) for the DCT-OFDM system with different
encryption algorithms in an AWGN channel for different numbers of subcarriers.
These figures show that as the number of subcarriers is increased, the quality of the
decrypted images improved.
100
Original image
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 5.10: PSNR vs. Eb /N0 in the DCT-OFDM system for an AWGN channel with N = 64.
100
Original image
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
100
Original image
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
The effect of the guard interval length on the system is studied in Figures 5.12 to
5.14, which illustrate the PSNR performance versus the Eb/N0 for the DCT-OFDM
systems with different encryption algorithms in an AWGN channel. The guard
intervals utilized range from 0 to 32 samples. From these figures, it is clear that the
PSNR performances of all encryption algorithms with the DCT-OFDM
The effect of the guard interval length on the system is studied in Figures 9.40 to
9.42, which illustrate the PSNR performance versus the E b /N 0 for the DCT-
OFDM systems with different encryption algorithms in an AWGN channel. The
guard intervals utilized range from 0 to 32 samples. From these figures, it is clear
that the PSNR performances of all encryption algorithms with the DCT-OFDM
The chaotic-encrypted image gives the best PSNR values. system at G = 0 are the
best compared with those with G = 16 and 32.
100
Original image
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 5.12: PSNR vs. Eb /N0 in the DCT-OFDM system for an AWGN channel with G = 0.
100
Original image
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
100
Original image
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 5.15 gives the output of the DCT-OFDM system for the transmission of the
Figure 5.15: Original image with DCT-OFDM over an AWGN channel.
Figure 5.16: DES-encrypted image with DCT-OFDM over an AWGN channel.

Figure 5.17: RC6-encrypted image with DCT-OFDM over an AWGN channel.
Figures 5.18 to 5.20 illustrate the variation of the PSNR of a decrypted image with
the SNR in the channel (Eb/N0) for the DWT-OFDM system with different
encryption algorithms in an AWGN channel for different numbers of subcarriers.
These figures show that as the number of subcarriers is increased, the quality of
the decrypted images is improved.
55
Original image
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 5.18: PSNR vs. Eb /N0 in the DWT-OFDM system for an AWGN channel with N = 64.
100
Original image
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 5.19: PSNR vs. Eb /N0 in the DWT-OFDM system for an AWGN channel with N = 512.
100
Original image
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 5.20: PSNR vs. Eb /N0 in the DWT-OFDM system for an AWGN channel with N =1024.
The effect of the guard interval length on the system was studied; Figures 5.21 to
5.23 illustrate the PSNR performance versus the Eb /N0 for the DWT-OFDM
systems with different encryption algorithms in an AWGN channel. The guard
intervals utilized ranged from 0 to 32 samples. From these figures, it is clear that
the PSNR performances of all encryption algorithms with the DWT-OFDM system
at G=0 were the best compared with those with G=16 and 32. The chaotic
encryption gives the best PSNR values.
100
Original image
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 5.21: PSNR vs. Eb /N0 in the DWT-OFDM system for an AWGN channel with G = 0.
100
Original image
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 5.22: PSNR vs. Eb /N0 in the DWT-OFDM system for an AWGN channel with G = 32.
100
Original image
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 5.23: PSNR vs. Eb /N0 in the DWT-OFDM system for an AWGN channel with G =64.
Figure 5.24 gives the output of the DWT-OFDM system for the transmission of the
Figure 5.24: Original image with DWT-OFDM over an AWGN channel.
Figure 5.25: DES-encrypted image with DWT-OFDM over an AWGN channel.

Figure 5.26: RC6-encrypted image with DWT-OFDM over an AWGN channel.
Table 9.2 summarizes these results.

Eb /N0 Eb /N0 = 0 dB Eb /N0 = 5 dB Eb /N0 = 10 dB
ORIGINAL + AWGN CHANNEL
FFT 14.6993 31.4906 93.2853
DCT 8.4383 21.3686 42.8211
DWT 8.5345 17.9218 34.1369
DES + AWGN CHANNEL
FFT 12.7061 37.677 93.2853
DCT 8.5315 21.5275 42.8211
DWT 8.5345 17.9218 34.1369
RC6+ AWGN CHANNEL
FFT 12.0975 35.4089 93.2853
DCT 8.4303 22.4619 42.8211
DWT 8.5436 18.4005 34.1369

Image Encryption CH5 New2

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5.

Table 5.1 Simulation Parameters

Figure 5.7: Original image with FFT-OFDM over an AWGN channel.

Figure 5.16: DES-encrypted image with DCT-OFDM over an AWGN channel.

Figure 5.25: DES-encrypted image with DWT-OFDM over an AWGN channel.

Table 9.2 summarizes these results.

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