Date: 01-08-2020

Q. 1. DEFINE THE ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

MANAGEMENT ?

ANS. MOST ACTIVITIES AT UW SYSTEM CAMPUSES GENERATE WASTE . SOLID WASTE IS ANY
GARBAGE , REFUSE OR OTHER DISCARDED MATERIAL , INCLUDING SOLID , LIQUID , SEMI-SOLID ,
OR CONTAINED GASOUS MATERIALS . AT THE FEDERAL LEVEL , THE US EPA REGULATES THE
MANAGEMENT OF BOTH HAZARDOUS AND NON HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTE UNDER THE
RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT ( RCRA ) . PROPER WASTE MANAGEMENT IS
THE RESPONSIBILITY OF EACH PERSON ON CAMPUS AND HELPS ENSURE THE PROTECTION OF
HUMAN HEALTH , THE ENVIRONMENT AND UNIVERSITY ASSETS . IT IS MANDATORY THAT ALL
HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED AT UW SYSTEM CAMPUSES AND FACILITIES BE HANDLED
UNDER THE STATE HAZARDOUS AND UNIVERSAL WASTE CONTRACT .

HAZARDOUS WASTE IS A SPECIFIC CATEGORY OF SOLID WASTE THAT REQUIRES SPECIAL MAN
AGEMENT AND DISPOSAL PRACTICES , AS DICTATED BY RCRA AND THE WISCONSIN DNR
UNDER WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE CHAPTERS 600-699 : HAZARDOUS WASTE MANA
GEMENT . HAZARDOUS WASTES ARE COMMONLY GENERATED FROM A VARITY OF ACTIVITIES
ON CAMPUSES , INCLUDING WASTES FROM RESEARCH LABORATORIES , ART STUDIO , CLASS
ROOMS , GROUND AND FACILITIES MAINTANANCE AND CUSTODIAL SERVICES , AMONG
OTHERS . WASTES GENERATED AT UW SYSTEM CAMPUSES THAT ARE NOT HAZARDOUS
WASTE STILL MAY BE PROHIBITED FROM LAND FILLS OR INCINERATION .

HAZARDOUS WASTE MANGEMENT INVOLVES REDUCING THE AMOUNT OF HAZARDOUS SUBST

ANCES PRODUCED , TREATING HAZARDOUS WASTES TO REDUCE THEIR TOXICITY , AND APPL
YING SOUND ENGINEERING COTROLS TO REDUCE OR ELEMINATE EXPOUSER TO THESE WASTES .
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS MANAGEMENT IS A MAJOR CHALLANGE IN ARBAN AREA THROUGH
OUT THE WORLD . WITHOUT AN EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ,
THE WASTE GENERATED FROM VARIOUS HUMAN ACTIVITIES , BOTH INDUSTRIAL AND DOM
ESTIC , CAN RESULT IN HEALTH HAZARDOUS AND HAVE A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRO
NMENT . THE FINAL STAGES OF THE HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT SEQUENCE INCLUDE
THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL STEPS , WHICH ARE COMPLEX AND TECHNOLOGICALLY DEMA
NDING . THE PURPOSES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL THAT HAVE REP
LACED OUTDATED STRATEGIES IN PLACE .DEEPWELL AND UNDERGROUND INJECTION , AQU
EOUS ORGANIC TREATMENT , INCINERATION , AND LANDFILL AND SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTS
ARE THE COMMON HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES BEING USED . IN A
DEEP WELL INJECTION SYSTEM , HAZARDOUS WASTE IN LIQUID FORM ARE INJECTED SEVERAL
THOUSAND FEET BELOW THE SURFACE THROUGH A REINFORCED WELL SHAFT INTO POROUS
INJECTION ZONES THAT ARE CONFINED BY IMPERAMBLE ROCK LAYERS . AQUEOUS ORGANIC
TREATMENT REFERS TO TREATMENT DONE TO LIQUID HAZARDOUS WASTES TO REDUCE
THEIR TOXICITY , INTANGIBILITY , CORROSIVITY OR REACTIVITY . INCINARATION IS USED FOR
RECYCLED AND CANNOT BE REFUSED OR RECYCLED AND CANNOT BE DISPOSED SAFELY IN A
LANDFILL BECAUSE OF EXCESSIVE TOXICITY OR RISK INFECTIOUS TRANSMISSION . HUMAN
HEALTH EFFECTS OF LAND DISPOSAL ARE DICUSSED , WHICH INCLUDE BIRTH WEIGHT EFFECT ,
 Date: 01-08-2020

CONGENITAL DEFECTS , REPIRATORY DISEASES , AND SOCIAL INQUITY . A WIDE RANGE OF

FACTORS MUST BE CONSIDERED IN SITING HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES .
SOME OF THESE ARE DETERMINETED BY LAW : FOR EXAMPLE , RCRA PROHIBITS LANDFILLING
OF FLAMABLE LIQUIDS . SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS ARE OFTEN THE KEY TO SITTING . JOSEPH
KOOPE ( KOPPEL -1985 ) HAS COINED THE ACRONYM LULU - LOCALLY UNDESIRBLE LAND USE –
FOR A FACILITY THAT NO ONE WANTS NEARBY BUT THAT IS GOING TO BE PUT SOME
WHERE . CERTAINLY HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITIES ARE LULU s .

Q. 2. SHORT NOTE ON SELF –CLEANSING VELOCITY AND NON SCOURING VELOCITY ?

SELF –CLEANING VELOCITY : DESIGN CRITERIA CONSIDERATION

“ SELF CLEANSING VELOCITY IS THE MINIMUM VELOCITY THAT ENSURES NON-SETTLEMENT OF

SUSPENDED MATTER IN SEWERS “ FOLLOWING SELF CLEAN SING VELOCITIES ARE GENERALLY
EMPLOYED .

SANITARY SEWER ------0.6 M/S [ ORGANISED PARTICLES , SP .GR = 1.61 ]

STORM SEWER -----------------1 M/S [ IN ORG. PARTICLES , SP.GR = 2.65 ]

PARTIALLY COMBINED SEWER ---- ---------0.7 M/S

IN A DRAIN PIPE , A FLOW VELOCITY THAT IS HIGH ENOUGH TO INITIATE SCRUBBING ACTION .
WHEN THERE IS NO SOLIDS GET DEPOSITED IN THE INVERT OF THE SEWER OF MINIMUM
VELOCITY , THE MINIMUM VELOCITY IS TERMED AS SELF CLEANSING VELOCITY . THE SELF
CLEANSING VELOCITY V IS GIVEN BY V= ( 8*B* G-1 ) *G*D/F ) ½ WHERE G IS THE SPECIFIC
GRAVITY , G IS THE ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY , D IS THE DIAMETER OF SEWER AND F IS
THE DARCY WEISBACH FRICTION FACTOR .

SL.NO. NATURE OF MATERIAL SELF CLEANSING VELOCITY (CM/SEC )

1. ANGULAR STONE 100

2. ROUND PABBLES (12mm to 25 mm dia ) 50-60
3. FINE GRAVEL 30
4. COARSE SAND 20
5. FINE SAND & CLAY 15
6. FINE CLAY & SILT 7.5

NON SCOURING VELOCITY :

WHILE THE MINIMUM VELOCITY SHOULD BE SELF CLEANING VELOCITY , THE VELOCITY CAN
ONLY BE INCREASED UPTO A CERTAIN LIMIT . IT IS SO BECAUSE IF THE VELOCITY IS INCREASED
TOO MUCH THE SUSPENDED SOLIDS MAY CAUSE WEAR OF THE SEWER
 Date: 01-08-2020

MATERIALS OF THE SEWER MAXIMUM PERMISSBLE VELOCITY ( M/SEC. )

1. CAST IRON SEWER PIPE 3.5-4.5

2. EARTHEN CHANNEL 0.6-1.2
3. BRICK SEWER PIPE 1.5-2.5
4. STONE WATER SEWER PIPE 3.0-4.5
5. CONCRETE SEWER PIPE 2.4-3.0

THE MAXIMUM VELOCITY OF FLOW UP TO WHICH NO SCOURING OR EROSION OF THE

INNER SURFACE OF THE SEWER WILL TAKE PLACE IS KNOWN AS NON SCOURING
VELOCITY OR LIMITING VELOCITY . THE NON SCOURING VELOCITY OR LIMITING
VELOCITY DEPENDS ON THE MATERIALS USED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION SEWERS .